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Effect of Fiber Properties on Yarn Hairiness in Ring Spun Yarn

Effect of the Type of Fibers and Their Properties on Yarn


Hairiness on Ring Spun Yarn
S.Sivakumar
Production Manager
Oxford Amalgated PLC, Ethiopia
Email: skumars72ss@gmail.com

Yarn

Hairiness:

Yarn hairiness is the amount of fibers protruding from the yarn body measured in terms of its
length and number of fibers. Now a days hairiness plays a vital role in accessing the yarn quality
as it heavily influences the quality of the fabric produced from the spun yarn in knitting as well
as weaving. The essential fabric properties of pilling resistance and abrasion resistance are
affected by the yarn hairiness. Also the performance of Warping machine, Sizing machine, high
speed knitting and high speed weaving machines are also affected by the yarn hairiness.

Yarn hairiness

Measure
Hairiness

of
is

measured

Hairiness
in

two

:
methods.

A. Hairiness Index (H): USTER introduced this method of testing. It is the value represents the
total length in CMs of the protruding fibers in 1 CM length of yarn.

B. Hairiness Index (S3): ZWEIGLE counts the number of protruding fibers of different lengths
separately. S3 value is the sum of the number of fibers of 3 mm and longer length of protruding
fibers.
Hairiness is widely influenced by fiber properties, process parameters, spindle speed, traveller
selection, machinery conditions, Relative humidity and amount of twist. But in this article we are
discussing about the fiber properties. They are,
1. Torsional rigidity
2. Fiber length
3. Fiber fineness
4. Short fiber content
5. Uniformity
6. Fiber cross section / shape

1.

Torsional

Rigidity

It is the ratio of the torque applied about the central axis of the yarn at one end of the yarn to the
resulting torsional angle, when the other end is held fixed. On other hand, it is the resistance of
the textile fiber or yarn against twisting. The torsional rigidity of the cotton fibers are very much
depends on their fiber fineness. It is very sensitive to the Relative humidity.
This is the prime property which affects the hairiness of yarn. The fibers with higher Torsional
rigidity
have
higher
yarn
hairiness
and
vice
versa.

2.

Fiber

length

The yarn hairiness reduces with increase in fiber length. The reason is the reduction in number of
fiber ends protruding from the yarn surface resulting in less hairiness. While using longer fibers,
the fibers tend to overlap on the yarn surface in a better manner and hence improve the
compactness
of
yarn
which
results
less
hairiness.

3.

Fiber

fineness

The yarn hairiness is less for finer fiber and higher for coarser fiber. The torsional rigidity is the
most essential property of the fibers contributes to the formation of hairiness. Generally the finer
fiber will have less torsional rigidity and hence the hairiness will be less. The coarser fiber has
higher torsional rigidity and higher hairiness in yarn. When the yarn delivering to the front roller
nip and while twist insertion, the higher centrifugal force acting upon the coarser fiber leads to
higher
hairiness.

4.

Short

fiber

content

SFC has positive correlation with the yarn Hairiness. Increase in SFC will increase yarn hairiness
and vice versa. The increase in number of protruding ends in yarn surface due to shorter fiber
length
leads
to
increase
the
yarn
hairiness.

5.

Uniformity

Ratio

As the increase in Uniformity ratio improves the mean fiber length and hence this property
having
a
negative
correlation
with
yarn
Hairiness.

6.

Fiber

cross

section

Shape

Comparing the circular and non-circular cross sectional fibers, the yarn hairiness is less with the
yarn spun with circular cross sectional fibers. The compactness of fibers while using circular
cross section fibers is better than that of other and hence the hairiness is less with circular cross
section
fibers.
But the impact of twist on hairiness in non- circular cross section fibers is better than circular
cross section fibers. Higher the twist will reduce the Hairiness to more extent in non- circular
cross
sectional
fibers.

References
1. Influence of fiber length and denier on properties of polyester ring and air jet spun yarns.
A Basu& K P Chellamani IJFTR Vol.25-Sep 2000
2. Influence of Polyester fiber shape and size on the hairiness and some mechanical
properties of yarns. R K Vashney, V K Kothari & S Dhanija IJFTR Vol.39 Mar
2014
3. The Use of Monte Carlo Techniques to study yarn hairiness for Ring spun yarns.
RMUTP International conference- Textiles & Fashion 2012 July 2012
4. Torsional properties of staple bre plied yarns D G Phillips, W B Fraser and G H M
Van der Heijden Nov 2008
5. The Rieter Manual of spinning Vol.1 Technology of short staple spinning Werner
Klein
Read more: http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2015/10/effect-of-fiber-properties-onyarn.html#ixzz41ec6e4Zk

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