Grade 9 AIDS report Due 10th October (Friday) 2014.

Task: Due Wednesday

Using Microsoft Word / or handwritten write some detailed answers to these questions
about the impact of AIDS/HIV on population. If you do not have a printer I can print this
for you (email me your work), or print it yourself.

Illustrate your work with appropriate maps/diagrams/graphs/photos. USE POPULATION

PYRAMIDS.
An excellent website to use is www.newsbbc.co.uk then click to the SPECIAL REPORT then
2004 then AIDS DEBATE. Also you could look at the COUNTRY PROFILES. Also
http://www.avert.org/aids-swaziland.htm is good. If these links do not work, google search
the topic.

Your work will include the following;

The Location and Growth of AIDS/HIV.

Where is AIDS/HIV most prevalent (where do you find it the most?) in the world?
Where is the prevalence of AIDS/HIV growing the fastest?
What are some of the reasons for the growth in AIDS/HIV?

The Impact of AIDS/HIV.

Who does it affect? (age/sex/lifestyles)
What is/will be the impact of AIDS/HIV on the population structure and life
expectancy of different countries?
What is the social / economic impacts of AIDS/HIV on different countries?

The Future of AIDS/HIV.

What is being done about the problem?
How effective have the strategies been?
What could / should be done in the future?
Comment and Feedback from teacher.
Grading scheme:
All elements (9) are covered in comprehensive detail with appropriate graphs / maps
and visuals A
Most elements (7) are covered in good detail with some appropriate graphs / maps or
visuals B
Around 5-7 elements are covered but not all of them have a good amount of detail, you
also have used maps / graphs or other visuals C
Under 5 elements are covered and in little detail, you may also have not included any
visual sources of information.
D F.

The Location and Growth of AIDS/HIV:

Where is AIDS/HIV most prevalent (where do you find it the most?) in the world?
In the world Swaziland has the most prevalence of aids.

Swaziland

According to this map you can see that swaziland has a percentage of adult HIV prevalance % more than 20
which means that it is a country that has a high adult prevalance rate.
Where is the prevalence of AIDS/HIV growing the fastest?
Ukraine is one of the fastest HIV/AIDS growing countries in the world. In August 2010 experts had
estimated that in Ukraine had 1.3 percent of the adult population infected with HIV which was the highest in
Europe. The number of HIV positive persons in the late 2011 was 360,000 in Ukraine. About 27,800 people
died because of aids between 1987 and the late 2012. Every day by the 2012 tests in Ukraine had exposed
that 11 daily Aids related deaths and 57 new cases of HIV positive people each day.
In 2012 tests revealed 57 new cases of HIV positive Ukrainians each day and 11 daily AIDS-related deaths
(on a population of roughly 45 million at the time).
What are some of the reasons for the growth in AIDS/HIV?
The top most reason would be that there are increasing rates of HIV transmission through
heterosexual sex.
Heterosexual sex accounts for one third of new diagnoses in the United States and the number of
people living with HIV is more than one million. In America, where more than a million people are
living with HIV, heterosexual sex accounts for one third of new diagnoses.

The Impact of AIDS/HIV.

Who does it affect? (age/sex/lifestyles)
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, has become one of the worlds most serious health and development

challenges:
Worldwide currently 35.3 million people are living with HIV/AIDS which also includes 2.1
adolescents of age 10-19.
The leading infectious killer in the world is HIV. An estimated number of 36 million people have
died according to the World Health Organization (WHO) have died since the time the first cases were
reported in 1981 and in 2012 about 1.6 million people died of HIV/AIDS .
Estimates of 2.3 million individuals worldwide were newly infected with HIV according to WHO.
In individuals living in low and middle income countries 95% of new infections. Nearly 1 in every
20 adults is living with HIV in the most affected region, Sub-Saharan Africa. In this region about 69% of
all people in the world who are living with HIV.
Worldwide an estimated of 3.34million children are living with HIV. During pregnancy, childbirth or
breastfeeding the children infected by their mothers and almost all the children live in sub-Saharan
Africa. Each day more than 700 children get infected with HIV.

People that have no access to the prevention, care and treatment mainly suffer from HIV/AIDS. Also
as there has not been yet a cure for this disease is hard to stop HIV from getting into the last stage.
It mostly affects the people that suffer from other infectious diseases, food insecurity and other
serious problems.

What is/will be the impact of AIDS/HIV on the population structure and life expectancy of different
countries?
About 60 percent of the 68% adults living with aids in the sub Saharan Africa are women.
Mainly in the south of sub Saharan Africa is the prevalent. About 15- 20% are infected with HIV in
Namibia, South Africa Zambia and Zimbabwe. Also the rate of the infection is more than 20 percent
in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland.
It is very hard to predict how this will affect their life expectancy rates, mortality rates and the female
ratio in the region

As you can see this line graph shows that the life expectancy of these coountries have decreased so
much from 1980 by the 2010. This shows that there must have been a deadly disease that had caused
so much decrease in the population.
Lesotho, a country with an average life expectancy of almost 60 years in 1995, has since seen that
figure drop to 36 years. Four other countries in the region - Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Botswana, and
Zambia - have also seen their life expectancies plunge to under 40 in the same timeframe. The
average life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa is now 47 years - without HIV/AIDS it would be 62.
Experts project that by 2015, the population of South Africa will be 50 million people (15 percent)
fewer than in a no-AIDS scenario. Despite these figures, however, high birth rates in sub-Saharan
Africa could push the region's population from the current 788 million people to 1.7 billion in 2050.
Typically, mortality rates are highest among young children and elderly adults, but today in southern
Africa, mortality is highest among people in their thirties - during or following their most sexually
active years. These are also people who would otherwise be of prime working age.

Women are more infected by HIV more than men which means that the life expectancy of women is
gradually decreasing.

Many children have lost a parent or both because of HIV and this has caused the children to be taken
less care of even so eventually they also die.

According to these two population pyramid of sub- Saharan Africa you can see that the population pyramid
shows that the woman population was always a bit less than the men population. As you can see that the
band 0-4 in 1950 was much more than 2000. Also the 1950 population pyramid has a much straighter side
than the 2000 which means that the decrease in population has caused countries in sub-Saharan Africa to
become more like a stage one than a stage two.
By the 2020 the graph shows that the population would have decreased a lot and these could affect the
countrys economy.
Aids might have killed about a 16 million more Africans by the 2020.
What are the social / economic impacts of AIDS/HIV on different countries?
In sub- Saharan Africa containing 10% of the worlds population has two-thirds of its population living with
aids. More than 15 million Africans have died from the starting of this epidemic.
The Impact on the Health Sector

In sub-Saharan Africa, the direct medical cost of AIDS has been estimated at about US$30 per year
for each person infected. Overall public health spending is less than US$10 per year in most African
countries.

To save space, people arent being admitted until they are in the later stages of illness, reducing their
chances of recovery.

There has been an increased shortage of healthcare professionals due to infection and death, as well
as excessive workloads, poor pay, and the temptation to migrate to richer countries once trained.
The Impact on Households

Often the poorest sectors of society are most vulnerable to the epidemic and for whom the
consequences are most severe.

In many cases, households dissolve because of AIDS, because parents die and children are sent to
relatives for care and upbringing.

Data suggests that households in which an adult had died from AIDS were four times more likely to
disband than those in which no deaths had occurred.

In Botswana, it is estimated that, on average, every income earner is likely to acquire one additional
dependent over the next ten years due to the AIDS epidemic.

A dramatic increase in destitute households, those with no income earners, is also expected.

Children may be forced to abandon their education and in some cases women may be forced to turn
to prostitution which can in turn lead to a higher risk of HIV transmission.

A study in Burkina Faso, Rwanda, and Uganda, has calculated that AIDS will not only reverse
progress made in poverty reduction, but will also increase the percentage of people living in extreme poverty
(from 45% in 2000 to 51% in 2015).

Already poor households coping with members who are sick from HIV or AIDS are forced to reduce
spending on necessities like clothing, electricity and even food.

The death of males appears to reduce the production of cash crops (e.g. coffee, tea, and sugar),
while the death of females reduces the production of grain and other crops necessary for household survival.


Loss of income, additional care-related expenses, the reduced ability of caregivers to work, and
mounting medical fees push affected households deeper into poverty. It is estimated that, on average, HIVrelated care can absorb one-third of a households monthly income.

Almost invariably, the burden of coping rests with women. When a family member becomes ill,
women are often forced to begin work outside their homes. In parts of Zimbabwe, for example, women are
moving into the traditionally male-dominated carpentry industry, which often results in women having less
time for housework.

Tapping into available savings and taking on more debt are usually the first options chosen by
households struggling to pay for medical treatment or funerals. As debts mount, precious assets such as
livestock and even land are sold, and as debt increases, the chance to recover and rebuild diminishes.
The Impact on Children

As parents and family members fall ill, children take on more responsibility to earn an income,
produce food, and provide care for family members.

It is harder for these children to access adequate nutrition, basic health care, housing, and clothing.

Often both parents are HIV positive in Africa, consequently more children have been orphaned by
AIDS in Africa than anywhere else.

One of the more unfortunate responses to a death in poorer households is removing the children
(especially girls) from school, as uniforms and fees become unaffordable. A good basic education ranks
among the most effective and cost-effective means of preventing HIV.
The Impact on Enterprises and Workplaces

The vast majority of people living with HIV in Africa are between the ages of 15 and 49 - in the
prime of their working lives. As a result, labor is dramatically affected, creating a set-back in economic and
social progress.

Company costs for health-care, funeral benefits, and pension fund commitments are likely to rise as
the number of people taking early retirement, or dying, increases.

As the impact of the epidemic on individual households grows severe, market demand for products
and services consequently fall.

The epidemic hits productivity through increased absenteeism, which can account for as much as 2554% of company costs according to comparative studies of East African businesses.

In southern African countries, these AIDS-related effects could cut profits by at least 6-8%. 40% of
companies reported a negative effect caused by HIV and AIDS.

Only 13% of the companies (with fewer than 100 workers) surveyed had a company policy in place
to deal with HIV and AIDS.
The Economic Impact

HIV and AIDS cause a reduced labor supply through increased mortality and illness. Amongst those
who are able to work, productivity is likely to decline as a result of HIV-related illness.

Government income also declines, as tax revenues fall and governments are pressured to increase
their spending to deal with the expanding epidemic.

AIDS limits the ability of African countries to attract industries that depend on low-cost labor, and
because of the level of risk, investments in African businesses are less desirable.

The impact that AIDS has had on the economies of African countries is difficult to measure but
scholars estimate that there is a loss of 1% in sub-Saharan Africas gross domestic product (GDP). This may
seem small, but it has the potential to grow over time.
The Future of AIDS/HIV:
What is being done about the problem?
The white house released a NHAS vision in July 2010 go reduce
the impacts of HIV.

How effective have the strategies been?

What could / should be done in the future?
1. In LEDC countries there should be skits on aids and
the problems that it can create for the people.
2. Small discussion should be held mainly in the
villages so that the questions that the villagers have
would be clarified.
3. Precautions should be taken like yearly checkup for
people so that the disease can be caught in the earliest stage possible.
4. People should be cautious but not so much that
the people living with aids feel left out because
the some people living with aids might not be
able to say it so the contacts made with them will
cause people to get infected.