1.

0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
A vibrating plate at unknown frequencies is given in this laboratory and we need to propose a
vibration measurement to investigate the vibration. The measurement must provide the
following information :
a) Frequencies of the first five dominant modes
b) Changes on vibration magnitude if the plate is vibrated the lowest frequency mode
2.0 HYPOTHESIS
The frequency and the amplitude depends on the vibrating plate. The higher the frequency, the
higher the amplitude.
3.0 PROPOSED SOLUTION AND REASON
The solution is to use the modal analysis using shaker testing.
Modal analysis is a process whereby we describe a structure in terms of its natural
characteristics which are the frequency, damping and mode shapes which are its dynamic
properties.

In

modal

testing,

FRF

measurements

are

usually

made

under

controlled conditions, where the test structure is artificially excited by using either an impact
hammer, or one or more shakers driven by broadband signals. A multi-channel FFT analyzer
is then used to make FRF measurements between input and output DOF pairs on the test
structure.

WHAT IS FRF MEASUREMENTS?

The Frequency Response Function (FRF) is a fundamental measurement that isolates the
inherent dynamic properties of a mechanical structure. Experimental modal parameters
(frequency, damping, and mode shape) are also obtained from a set of FRF measurements.
The FRF describes the input-output relationship between two points on a structure as a
function of frequency. ince both force and motion are vector quantities, they have directions
associated with them. Therefore, a FRF is actually defined between a single input DOF (point
& direction), and a single output DOF.
SHAKER TESTING
When the input is fixed and FRFs are measured for multiple outputs, this corresponds to
measuring elements from a single column of the FRF matrix. This is typical of a shaker test.
Single Reference (or SIMO) Testing is the most common type of modal testing is done with
either a single fixed input or a single fixed output. When a single fixed input (a shaker) is
used, this is called SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output) testing. In this case, the single fixed
input is called the reference. Not all structures can be impact tested, however. For instance,
structure with delicate surfaces cannot be impact tested. Because hitting the surface with
hammer will surely ruin the surface. Other than that, because of its limited frequency range or
low energy density over a wide spectrum, the impacting force is not be sufficient to
adequately excite the modes of interest. Shaker test usually is continuous and it is easy for the
sensor to take readings compare to impact test which is not so consistent. A shaker is usually
attached to the structure using a stinger (long slender rod), so that the shaker will only impart
force to the structure along the axis of the stinger, the axis of force measurement. A load cell
is then attached between the structure and the stinger to measure the excitation force. At least
a 2-channel FFT analyzer and a single axis accelerometer are required to make FRF
measurements using a shaker.

4.0 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

Figure 1 : Experimental setup

Procedure :
1. Make sure the accelerometer is firmly attached, for the accelerometer to
detect true vibration behaviour.
2. Install The plate on the table at the horizontal position.
3. Run the LabVIEW software in the computer.
4. Connect the Function generator, signal conditioner, NI data logger,
accelerometer and Computer with each other to show the output result for
the frequency.
5. Attach a sensor that can detect vibration behaviour and convert it into
signal.
6. Record the values of The frequency of the vibration on plate from the
LabVIEW.
7. Repeat the Procedure by using 200 Hz at function generator.

5.0 FLOWCHART

START
CHANGE THE SAMPLING
SET UP THERATES
EQUIPMENTS
BY CONNECTING ALL
TAKE THE OUTPUT READING
COMPONENTS TOGETHER
ADJUST THE
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
FOR
ON BOTH
AMPLITUDE
VS TIME
DETERMINED
SAMPLING
AND
AMPLITUDE
VS
DESIGN
BLOCK RATES
FREQUENCY
GRAPHS
DIAGRAM ON LabVIEW

STOP

6.0 SIGNAL ANALYSIS

The investigation of vibration analysis is used to measure the vibration of flat plate based on
given parameter:
1. Obtain the frequencies of first five dominant modes.
2. Measure and compare the measured and actual value when the signal is obtained
3. The differences on vibration magnitude if the plate is vibrated the lowest frequency
mode.
7.0 MEASURED PARAMETERS
The investigation of vibration analysis is used to measure the vibration of flat plate based on
given parameter:
1
2

Obtain the frequencies of first five dominant modes.

The differences on vibration magnitude if the plate is vibrated the lowest frequency
mode

8.0 SENSOR AND INSTRUMENTS

Vibration shaker
-Device in vibration to excite the structure either for endurance testing
ICP Signal Conditioner
-Measure dynamic pressure force or strain which convert mechanical strain into electrical
signal or waveform)
Strain Gauge
-Measure strain on object
Dynamic Strain Meter
-Measuring the dynamic strain caused by vibration, the dynamic behavior of a structure can
be numerized and graphed in wave form. The analog signal is amplified, output and recorded
to an external recorder
Accelerometer
-Measuring the acceleration of a moving or vibration body
Oscilloscope
-Displays and analyse the waveform of electronic signal and draws a graph of instantaneous
signal voltage as a function of time

NI USB Data Logger

-Measurements at set intervals over a period of time
LabVIEW Signal Processing
-Create simulation

9.0 CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, students was exposed to more understanding about vibration analysis on
plate. In the experiment, we have studied the frequencies of first five dominant nodes and
changes of vibration magnitude if the frequency vibration is lower. From our observation, we
can conclude the different of the experimental frequency compare than actual frequency is
due to errors that disturb with the vibration of the plate. Hence that, we was understand about
vibration analysis on plate and the objectives of this experiment is achieved.

10.0 REFERENCES
Dibble Robert W., ME 107A Experimentation and Measurement, University of California
at Berkeley.
Reinkensmeyer David J., MAE 106 Mechanical Systems Laboratory, University of
California at Irvine.
Kiritsis, N., Huang, Y., & Ayrapetyan, D. (2003). A multi-purpose vibration experiment using
Labview. American Society for Engineering retrieved from
http://www.my.ni.com/pdf/academic/us/journals/a_multipurpose_vib.pdf
http://www.reliabilityweb.com/index.php/articles/how_is_vibration_measured/