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UDC 668.15'26'71:539.67:661.665
Steels alloyed with chromium and aluminum are widely used for high-temperature operations.
The stability of these steels depends heavily on their carbon content [1-3], and deteriorates
as it increases.
Alloying of type Khl5Yu5 steels with such carbide-forming elements as
titanium and niobium leads to the formation of difficult-to-dissolve carbides and nitrides
and to a reduction in the carbon content in the solid solution.
Data on carbon content in the
solid solution of these steels are limited.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the solubility of titanium and
niobium carbides in type Khl5Yu5 steels.
The chemical composition of the steels investigated
is presented in Table i.
The method of investigating the temperature dependence of internal friction (TDIF) was
used t o d e t e r m i n e the carbon content in the solid solution.
For this purpose, we employed a
"reverse" torsion pendulum-type relaxation unit and wire specimens 0.8 mm in diameter; the
vibration frequency was 1 H z .
All specimens were prequenched in water from 1250C (holding
for 1 h) to produce a similar grain size, and then quenched repeatedly from different temperatures -- from 1350C to 550C (after each 100C).
The TDIF curves of the steels that we investigated, which were prequenched from 1350C in water, are presented in Fig. i. In conformity with the results of a theoretical investigation conducted earlier [4], the maximum
observed on these TDIF curves at 260...380C is the Snoek peak, and is governed by
I. P. Bardin Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy.
Translated
from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 4, pp. 38-40, April, 1986.
276
0026-0673/86/0304-0276512.50
TABLE i.
Element content,
Melt
Cr
AI [ Ti
Nb
0,03
0,06
0,03
0,04
0,03
15,1
14,6
15,5
14,8
4,9 [
4,6
0~-40
5,5 [ 0,28
5,5
5,5
0736 0,24
17,2
Q-7.IO4
,,
8o!
,i\'
~
.20
100
200
300
~QO~c,%
"
( I)
The results of phase analysis conducted on type Khl5Yu5 steels after holding at 780C
for 20 min (cooling in water) are presented below.
Steel
Excess phases
Khl5Yu5
KhI5Yu5T
KhI5Yu5TB
(Fe, Cr)TC s
(Fe, Cr)TCa; TiC, TiN
(Fe, Cr)TCs; (Ti, NB) (C, N)
Carbon-solubility curves, which are plotted for the type Khl5Yu5 steels alloyed with
titanium and niobium and niobium jointly with titanium, are presented in Fig. 2. The introduction of up to 0.47% and 0.28% Ti in the steel with 0.06 and 0.03% C, respectively, leads
to a reduction in carbon solubility as compared with its solubility in the unalloyed steel
to 0.012...0.015% at I150C.
For a combined alloying of 0.36% Ti and 0.24% Nb and
a total carbon content of 0.03% in the steel, the carbon solubility is reduced to 0.03% at
277
./'/
,'.
;pt/.
7100
log L
-I
300
~oo
700
I~
iIi
-2
/e#
-$
6~
7,0
6,f
Fig.
70#/T,
oK_ 1
3.
[c] =
--
+4,11,
(2)
For the niobium carbide contained in steel KhlSYu5B (melt 5) with 0.03% C, this relationship
is described by the equation
95O0
log LlNbl [C| ------ ~
278
+ 3, 74,
(3 )
According to Narita [7] and Goldschmidt [8], the solubility products of titanium and
niobium carbides in austenite can be described by the following equations:
log LITi ] It] = - - ~
I0 475
+ 5,33
(4)
+ 3,18
(5)
7.
8.
I. I. Kornilov, Iron Alloys [in Russian], Vol. i, Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow (1945).
E. Gudremon, Special Steels [in Russian], Vol. I, Gosudarstvennoe Nauchno-Tekhnicheskoe
Izd. Literatury po Chernoi i Tsvetnoi Metallurgii, Moscow (1959), pp. 889-899.
A. V. Ryabchenko, A. I. Maksimov, and B. I. Beketov, "Effect of carbon on the heat resistance of steel KhI3YuS," Zashch. Met., 12, No. 4, 465-469 (1976).
I. A. Tomilin, V. I. Sarrak, N. A. Gorokhova, et al., "Nonuniform distribution of carbon
atoms in iron-chromium alloys," Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 56, No. 3, 501-506 (1983).
T. Glagman and F. B. Pickering, "Grain-coarsening of austenite," Iron Steel Inst., 205,
653-664 (1967).
I. A. Tomilin and F. I. Shor, "Carbide and nitride solubility of transition metals in
iron alloys," in: Problems of Metal Science and the Physics of Metals [in Russian],
Metallurgiya, Moscow .(1972), pp. 99-106.
K. Narita, "Studies on elements of small quantities in iron and steel. VII. On titanium
carbide in iron and steel," J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 80, 266-269 (1959).
H. J. Goldschmidt, Interstitial Alloys, Butterworths (1967).
279