Limit State Definitions of The Connection Design Calculations SDS2 V7331

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CONNECTION CALCULATION COVER SHEET

SDS/2
v 7.331
***
Page
SYMBOLS
A
Ab
Ae
Afg
Afn
Ag
Agt
Agv
An
Ant
Anv
Ast
At
Av
B
Bc
Bf
C
Ca
Cc
Cdb
Cdt
CJP
Clb
Clip_stbk
Clt
Col_spa
Column
Cn_depth
Cn_thick
Cn_width
Cv
D
Db
Dc
Dh
Section gross area or

Dimension from weld line to C/L bolts
for a single-plate shear connection
Bolt area based on nominal diameter
Effective net area
Gross beam flange area
Net beam flange area
Gross area
Gross tension area
Gross shear area
Net area
Net tension area
Net shear area
Cross sectional area of a pair of stiffeners
Net tension area
Net shear area
Allowable tension per bolt, AISC manual Page 9-12
Bolt tension including prying action
Section flange width
Fastener/ weld group coefficient ( AISC manual TABLE 7-6, 8-4)
ultimate strength method unless noted.
Coefficient used in moment end PL design
Slenderness ratio separating elastic & inelastic buckling
Bottom cope depth
Top cope depth
Complete joint penetration -- weld
Bottom cope length
Dim. from face of clip angle to end of beam
Top cope length
Spacing between bolt columns
Number of fasteners perpendicular to the line of force
Connection element depth
Connection element thickness
Connection element width
Ratio of critical web stress to the shear yield stress
of the web material
Section depth
Nominal bolt diameter
Depth of column web clear of fillets
Hole dimension:
Nominal dim of bolt hole + 1/16, (2 mm)
E
Eff_weld
Et
Fa
Fb
Fbt
Fbu
Fcr
Fil_rad
Fn
Ft
Fp
Fu
Fv
Fw
Fexx
Fr
Fy
H
Hb
Hc
Ip
Ix
Ix_net
K
K_dist
K1_dist
La
Lb
Le
Leff
Leg
Lh
Ln
Lv
Mb
Mc
Min_brg
Mn
Moment
Mp
Mr
Mu
Page
Modulus of elasticity of steel
29,000 KSI
(200,000 MPa)
Max. effective weld size based on mtrl thickness,
<= actual weld size
Composite slab eff. width MIN[Ln/4, Bm spacing]
Allowable axial stress
Allowable bending stress
Bolt material minimum tensile stress
Bolt material minimum yield stress
Critical stress
Rolled section fillet radius, K_dist - Tf
Nominal shear rupture strength
Allowable tensile stress
Allowable bearing stress, calculated using J3.10
for bolts or J7 for contact surfaces.
Specified material minimum tensile stress
Allowable shear stress
Nominal weld strength, table J2.5
Nominal specified tensile strength of weld metal
Allowable force on a weld
Specified Material minimum yield stress
Width of HSS section connecting to a gusset plate
Horiz. interface force between gusset & beam
Horiz. interface force between gusset & col.
Polar moment of inertia
Moment of inertia
Net moment of inertia
Effective length factor
Rolled section (k) dist., flg. to toe of fillet
W shape, C/L web to toe of fillet
Lever arm from load to C.G. of bolt or weld group
Unbraced length of section or element
Distance from free edge to center of bolt in the
direction of the line of transmitted force.
Effective web length, stiffener design
Leg size against beam web, clip angle connection
or leg size against gusset for angle brace
Horizontal edge distance from fastener C/L
Beam span length
Vertical edge distance from fastener C/L
Moment at brace gusset and beam interface
Moment at brace gusset and col. interface
Calculated minimum beam bearing length
Nominal flexural strength
Beam end moment, (+) = clockwise beam end rotation
Beam plastic moment strength
Beam elastic moment strength
Required flexural strength
OMEGA
Osl
Pair
Pbf
PHI
PI
Pn
Pu
Qs
Rbs
Rn
Ro
Row
Rstr
Rv
Setback
Shear
Sn
Spa or S
SQR[ ]
SQRT[ ]
Sx
Sx_net
S_g
T_allow
Tb
Tc
Tf
Tw
Ts
T_slab
T_sup
U
Vb
Vc
Vn
Weld_size
Weld_len
Weld_spa
Wg
Wn
Ws
Zx
Ze
Page
AISC 2005 specification ASD safety factor
Outstanding angle leg size
Pairs of transverse beam stiffeners, 1 or 2
Factored flange or connection plate force;
computed flange force multiplied by a load factor
AISC 2005/2010 specification LRFD resistance factor
3.14159.....
Nominal axial strength
Required tensile or compressive strength
Stress reduction factor, Appendix B
Resistance to block shear
Nominal strength
Shear tab or tee strength at yield
Number of fasteners in the line of force
Bolt slip resistance, (A-J3-1)
Force transmitted by one fastener
Distance from face of support to end of beam
Number of shear planes:
(1 = single shear; 2 = double shear)
Section modulus of the coped portion of a beam
Bolt spacing
Square of expression in brackets
Square root of expression in brackets
Section modulus
Net section modulus
S^2/4g, AISC chapter B3.13
Allowable tension per bolt
Bolt pre-tension: Table J3.1
HSS brace welded pl end fitting, cap plate thickness
Flange or angle leg thickness
Web or tube wall thickness
HSS brace welded pl end fitting, tee stem thickness
Concrete slab thickness, composite design
Thickness of supporting member
Shear lag reduction coefficient, Chapter D3
Vert. force at gusset-beam interface
Vert. force at gusset-column interface
Nominal shear strength
Fillet weld leg size or groove weld throat
Length of weld
Spacing between two parallel weld segments
Element gross width
Element net width
'Whitmore' section width, gusset Pl design
Plastic section modulus
Effective plastic section modulus
a
b
c
d
dc
e
eb
ew
fa
fb
fp
fr
ft
fv
f'c
g
g1,g2
h
ho
kl
kv
l
lb
n
r
t
tc
q
Page
4
Clear dist. between transverse stiffeners
Width of compression element, or other part
Cope length from end of beam web
Depth of connected element
Beam cope depth
Cope length from face of conn. or weld line
Shear tab bolt design eccentricity
Shear tab weld design eccentricity
Calculated axial stress
Calculated bending stress
Calculated bearing stress
Calculated force on a weld
Calculated tension stress
Calculated shear stress
Compression strength of concrete
Angle leg gage
Angle leg gages, 5 in or larger leg size
Clear dist. between flanges of a beam or girder.
Depth of the remaining web at a coped beam section
Horiz. weld segment length, AISC manual Table 8-8
Shear buckling coefficient for girder webs
Length
Length of bearing
Modular ratio Es/Ec,
9
Radius of gyration
Thickness of connected element
Thickness of connected element required to develop
'B' in bolts with no prying action, AISC manual pg 9-13
Prying force per bolt at design load, AISC manual pg 9-12
Page
SDS/2 referneces to the AISC 2010 Specification for Structural
Steel Buildings, June 22, 2010
CHAPTER B DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

B3 Design Basis
B4 Classification of sections for local buckling
CHAPTER D DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR TENSION
Gross area yielding:
Pn = Fy * Ag
PHI = .9 (LRFD) , OMEGA = 1.67 (ASD)
Tension rupture net area: Pn = Fu * Ae
PHI = .75(LRFD) , OMEGA = 2.0 (ASD)
Design strength = PHI*Pn (LRFD),
Pin-connected members:
Tension rupture on net area:
Shear rupture:
PHI = .75 (LRFD) ,
(D2-1)
(D2-2)
Allowable strength = Pn/OMEGA (ASD)

Pn = Fu * (2t*be)
Pn = .6Fu * Asf
OMEGA = 2.0 (ASD)
(D5-1)
Allowable strength = Pn/OMEGA (ASD)
CHAPTER E DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION

Design strength = PHI*Pn (LRFD) , Allowable strength = Pn/OMEGA (ASD)
Pn from: E3 -- flexural buckling, members without slender elements
E4 -- Torsion/buckling, members without slender elements
E5 -- Single angle compression members
E6 -- Built up members
E7 -- Members with slender elements
Page
6
CHAPTER F DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR FLEXURE
Design strength = PHI*Mn (LRFD), Allowable strength = Mn/OMEGA (ASD)
Mn from: F2 -- Double symmetric compact I-shaped member and
channels bent about their major axis
F3 -- Doubly symmetric I-shaped members with compact
webs and noncompact or slender flanges bent about
their major axis
F4 -- Other I-shaped members with compact or noncompact
webs bent about their major axis
F5 -- Doubly symmetric and singly symmetric I-shaped
members with slender webs bent about their major axis
F6 -- I-shaped members and channels bent about their
minor axis
F7 -- Square and rect. HSS and box-shaped members
F8 -- Round HSS
F9 -- Tees and double angles loaded in the plane of symmetry
F10 -- Single angles
F11 -- Rectangular bars and rounds
F12 -- Unsymmetrical shapes
Page
CHAPTER G DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR SHEAR

all provisions except G2
Design strength = PHI*Vn (LRFD),
Vn from:
Allowable strength = Vn/OMEGA (ASD)
G2 -- Members with unstiffened or stiffened webs

PHI = 1.0 (LRFD) , OMEGA = 1.5 (ASD)
G4 -- Single angles
G5 -- Rectangular and box members
G6 -- Round HSS
G7 -- Weak axis shear in singly and doubly symmetric shapes
Page
CHAPTER H DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMBINED FORCES AND TORSION
H1.1 -- For design according to sect B3.3 (LRFD)
Pc = PHI c * Pn
Mc = PHI b * Mn
PHI c = .9, PHI b = .9
-- For design according to sect B3.4 (ASD)
Pc = Pn / OMEGA c
Mc = Mn / OMEGA b
OMEGA c = 1.67, OMEGA b = 1.67
H1.2 -- Doubly and singly symmetric members flexure and tension
For design according to sect B3.3 (LRFD)
Pc = PHI t * Pn
Mc = PHI b * Pn
PHI t tension resistance factor sec D2
PHI b = .9
For design according to sect B3.4 (ASD)
Pc = Pn / OMEGA t
Mc = Mn / OMEGA b
OMEGA t = safety factor for tension from D2
OMEGA b = 1.67
H2
--
Unsymmetric and other members subject to flexure

and axial force
For design according to sec B3.3 (LRFD)
Fa = PHI c * Fcr
Fbw, Fbz = PHI b * Mn / S
PHI c = .9, PHI t = resistance factor from D2
PHI b = .9
For design according to sed B3.4 (ASD)
Fa = Fcr / OMEGA c
Fbw, Fbz = Mn / (OMEGA b * S )
OMEGA c = 1.67, OMEGA t = safety factor from D2
OMEGA b = 1.67
H3 --
Members under torsion and combined torsion, flexure

and/or axial force
1. Torsional Strength of round and rect HSS
PHI t = .9 (LRFD), OMEGA t = 1.67 (ASD)
3. Strength of non-HSS members under torsion and
combined stress
PHI t = .9 (LRFD), OMEGA t = 1.67 (ASD)
Page
CHAPTER I DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MEMBERS
I2.1b Compressive strength
PHI = .75, OMEGA = 2
I2.1c Tensile strength
PHI = .9 OMEGA = 1.67
I2.1d
Load transfer
I2.2b Compressive strength

I2.2c
Tensile strength
I2.2d
Load transfer
I3.2a
Positive flexural strength
I3.2b
Negative flexural strength
Allowable strengthPn/OMEGA
Allowable strength Pn/OMEGA
(ASD)
(ASD)
Page 10
CHAPTER J DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS
Design strength = PHI * Rn (LRFD), Allowable strength Rn/OMEGA (ASD)
Rn from: J2 -- Welds and base metal
PHI and OMEGA from table J2.5
J3 -- Bolts and threaded parts
J3.7 PHI = .75, OMEGA = 2.0
J3.8 PHI = 1.0, OMEGA = 1.5 or
PHI = .85, OMEGA = 1.76 or
PHI = .70, OMEGA = 2.14
J3.10 PHI = .75 OMEGA = 2.0
J4 -- Affected elements of members and connecting elements
J4.1 Strength of elements in tension:
Tension yield, PHI = .9, OMEGA = 1.67
(J4-1)
Tension rupture, PHI = .75, OMEGA = 2.0 (J4-2)
J4.2 Strength of elements in shear
Shear yielding, PHI = 1.0, OMEGA = 1.5 (J4-3)
Shear rupture, PHI = .75, OMEGA = 2.0 (J4-4)
J4.3 Block shear strength (J4-5)
PHI = .75, OMEGA = 2.0
J4.4 Strength of elements in compression (J4-6)
PHI = .9, OMEGA = 1.67
J7 -- Bearing strength
PHI = .75, OMEGA =
2.0
J8 -- Column bases and bearing on concrete

PHI = .65, OMEGA = 2.31
J10 -- Flanges and webs with concentrated forces
J10.1 Flange local bending (J10-1)
PHI = .9, OMEGA = 1.67
J10.2 Web local yielding (J10-2, -3
PHI = 1.0, OMEGA = 1.5
J10.3 Web crippling (J10-4, -5a -5b
PHI = .75, OMEGA = 2.0
J10.4 Web sidesway buckling
PHI = .85, OMEGA = 1.76
J10.5 Web compression buckling (J10-8)
PHI = .9, OMEGA = 1.67
J10.6 Web panel zone shear (J10-9,-10,-11,-12)
PHI = .9, OMEGA = 1.67
Page 11
CHAPTER K DESIGN OF HSS AND BOX MEMBER CONNECTIONS
Design strength PHI*Rn (LRFD), Allowable strength Rn/OMEGA (ASD)
Rn from
K1 -- Concentrated Forces on HSS
K1.2 Round HSS
K1.3 Rectangular HSS
K2 -- HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections
K2.2 Round HSS
K3 -- HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections
K3.2 Round HSS
K4 -- Welds of Plates and Branches To Rectangualr HSS
Page
SUMMARY OF AISC 2010 SPECIFICATION LRFD RESISTANCE FACTORS:
CHAPTER
Gross tension yielding

Net fracture
Pin conn, eff area tension
Pin conn, eff area shear
Compression
0.90
Flexure
0.90
G1
G2
H
(D2-1)
(D2-2)
(D5-1)
(D5-2)
PHI
0.90
0.75
0.75
0.75
General Shear
Web Shear
Combined forces H1.1
H1.1
H1.2
H2.1
H2.1
H2.2
H3.1
H3.3
I Composite
0.90
1.00
compression
flexure
flexure
compression
flexure
flexure
HSS
non-HSS
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
I2.1b
I2.1c
I2.1e
I2.2c
I3.2a
I3.2b
I3.3 flexure encased
I3.4 flexure filled
I4.1b shear concrete
I4.1c shear steel
I6.3a direct bearing
I6.3c shear connection
I8.3a shear, anchor
I8.3b tension, anchor
I8.3d shear, steel channel
0.75
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.75
0.75
0.65
0.45
0.65
0.75
0.75
J Connections
PJP weld tension base
PJP weld tension weld
PJP weld compression base
PJP weld compression weld
PJP weld comp, not fin to bear, base
PJP weld comp, not fin to bear, weld
PJP weld shear
Fillet weld shear
Plug & slot weld shear
Fillet weld alt
(J2-4)
Ten/Shr bolts & threaded parts J3.6
Comb Ten/Shr brg conns
J3.7
SC bolts J3.8a
SC bolts J3.8b
SC bolts J3.8c
Bearing strength
J3.10
Tension yielding
J4.1
Tension rupture
J4.1
Shear yielding
J4.2
Shear rupture
J4.2
0.75
0.80
0.90
0.80
0.90
0.80
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.00
0.85
0.70
0.75
0.90
0.75
1.00
0.75
12
Page
J - continued
Block shear rupture strength
Compression element
Bearing
Bearing on concrete
Col base brg on concrete
Local flange bending
Local web yielding
Local web crippling
Web sidesway buckling
Web compression buckling
Web panel zone shear
K
J4.3
J4.4
J7
J8
J9
J10.1
J10.2
J10.3
J10.4
J10.5
J10.6
HSS & Box member Connections

formula
(K1-1)
(K1-2)
(K1-4)
(K1-7)
(K1-8)
(K1-9)
(K1-10)
(K1-11)
(K1-12)
0.75
0.90
0.75
0.65
0.60
0.90
1.00
0.75
0.85
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
1.00
0.95
0.95
1.00
0.75
0.90
1.00
(K1-13)
(K1-14)
(K1-15)
(K2-1)
(K2-2)
(K2-3)
(K2-4)
(K2-5)
(K2-7)
(K2-8)
(K2-9)
(K2-10)
(K2-11)
(K2-12)
(K2-14)
(K2-15)
(K2-16)
(K2-17 -- 22)
1.00
1.00
0.75
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
1.00
0.95
1.00
0.75
0.90
0.95
0.90
0.95
0.95
0.95
(K3-1)
(K3-2)
(K3-3)
(K3-4)
(K3-6)
(K3-7)
(K3-8)
(K3-9)
(K3-10)
(K3-11)
(K3-12)
(K4.a)
(K4.b)
0.90
0.95
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.00
0.95
1.00
1.00
0.95
1.00
0.75
0.80
13
CONNECTION STRENGTH CALCULATIONS, AISC 2010 SPECIFICATION
Page
14
Load = Allowable connection shear reaction for

the limit state being checked.
Moment = Allow. conn. moment for the limit state being checked.
Tension = Allow. conn. tension for the limit state being checked.
Axial load = Allow. brace tension or compression for the
limit state being checked.
(Load and Tension are calculated from combined shear
and axial loads where applicable)
Formulas are based on U.S. Customary (USC) units.
***************************************************
* Formulas not shown are not yet updated for the *
* AISC 2010 Specification format.
*
***************************************************
Calculation
number
LRFD design strength / ASD allowable strength
(1) Bolt shear, eccentricity not considered:

Rn = Fn * Ab
Sect. J3.6, .8
(LRFD) Load = PHI*Rn * Row * Column * Shear
(ASD) Load = (Rn/OMEGA) * Row * Column * Shear
(2) Beam web
Rn =
(LRFD)
(ASD)
shear:
.6 * Fy * D * Tw
Load = PHI*Rn
Load = Rn/OMEGA
Shear yielding Sect. J4.2
(3) Bolt shear, eccentricity considered:

Rn = Fn * Ab
Sect. J3.6, .8
(LRFD) Load = (PHI*Rn) * C * Rn * Shear
(ASD) Load = (Rn/OMEGA) * C * Rn * Shear
(4) Beam web net shear, coped bolted connection:
Anv = Tw * (D - Row * Dh - Cdt - Cdb)
Rn = .6 * Fu * Anv
Shear rupture Sect. J4.2
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Rn
(ASD) Load = Rn/OMEGA
(5) Beam web shear, coped welded connection:
Rn from Sect. J4.2(a) Shear yielding
Agv = Tw * (D - Cdt - Cdb)
(LRFD) Load = PHI*Rn
(6) Coped beam, PL, resistance to block shear, bolted:
Rn from Sect. J4.3 Block Shear strength
N = number of bolt rows, Col = number of bolt columns
Agv =Tw(Lv+Spa(N-1)
Anv = Tw( (Spa(N-1) + Lv - (N-.5)Dh ))
Ant = Tw( (Spa*(Col-1)+Lh -.5Dh )
Ubs = 1 for one column, Ubs = .5 for two columns
(7) Coped beam resistance to block shear, welded clip:

Coped top and bottom:
Agv = Tw * Cn_depth
Ubs = 1.0
Coped top or bottom only:
Agv = Tw * Cn_depth
Agt = (Clip_leg - Setback) * Tw
Ubs = 1.0
Page
(8) Beam web shear, welded end PL shear connection:

Eff_depth = MIN[Cn_depth - 2*Weld_size, Depth - 2*K_dist]
Anv
= Tw * Eff_depth
Rn = .6 * Fu * Anv,
Shear rupture Sect. J4.2
(9) Bolt bearing, angle brace to gusset connection.:
Bolt nearest the edge:
Rn_edge from sect J3.10
Interior bolt:
Rn_int from sect. J3.10
N_e = number of edge bolts
N_i = number of interior bolts
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI(Rn_edge*N_e + Rn_int*N_i)
(ASD) Axial load = (Rn_edge*N_e + Rn_int*N_i)/OMEGA
(10) Bolt shear, angle brace to gusset connection.:
n = number of bolts in connection
One column -n = Row
Two columns -n = 2 * Row
Four columns -- n = 4 * Row - 2
Rn from Sect. J3.6, .8
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI*Rn * n
(ASD) Axial load = (Rn/OMEGA) * n
(11) Brace block shear, angle brace to gusset connection.:
n = number of angles
Anv = n*t((S - Dh)*(Row - 1) + Le - .5 * dh)
Agv = n*t(S(Row -1) + Le)
One columns -Ant = n*t( Leg - g1 - .5 * Dh )
Ubs = 1
Two columns -- single angle or double angle both sides
Ant = n*t( Leg - g1 - 1.5 * Dh )
Ubs = 0.5
Two columns -- double angle both sides or star angle
Ant = n*t( Leg - g1 - 0.5 * Dh )
Ubs = 1
Four columns -Ant = n*t(Leg - g1 - 1.5 * Dh + SQR[.5 * S] / 4.0 / ga2)
Ubs = 0.5
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI*Rn
(ASD) Axial load = (Rn/OMEGA)
15
Page 16
(12) Gus block shear, double angle brace to gusset connection.:
Either double angle same side horizontal brace or
Star angle vertical brace.
Two columns -- One column per angle
Agv = 2t * ( S * ( Row - 1 ) + Le )
Anv = 2t * ( S * ( Row - 1 ) + Le - dh * ( Row - .5 ) )
Ant = (2 * g1 - Dh ) * t
Four columns -- staggered
Agv = 2t * ( S * ( Row - 1.5 ) + Le )
Anv = 2t * ( S * ( Row - 1.5 ) + Le - dh * ( Row - 1.5 ) )
Ant = ( g1 + g2 - 1.5 * Dh ) * 2 * t
Four columns -- nonstaggered
Agv = 2t * ( S * ( Row - 1 ) + Le )
Anv = 2t * ( S * ( Row - 1 ) + Le - dh * ( Row - .5 ) )
Ant = ( g1 + g2 - 1.5 * Dh ) * 2 * t
Ubs = 1
For perpendicular brace connections also check minimum of:
'L' shaped failure pattern from Load Calc 11 and
Straight line tension rupture
(ASD) Axial load = Rn/OMEGA
(13) Net brace tension, angle brace to gusset connection.:
n = number of angles
S = longitudinal bolt spa.
U = shear lag factor, from Table D3.1
Wg = n*( Leg + Osl - Thickness )
Two columns -- Wn = Wg - 2 * Dh + n * S_g
Four columns -- Wn = Wg - 4 * Dh + n * S_g
Ant = Wn * t
Ae = Ant * U,
effective net area
Pn = Fu * Ae,
Sect. D2, Tensile rupture
(LRFD) Axial tension = PHI * Pn
(ASD) Axial tension = Pn/OMEGA
(14) Intersection gusset tension, angle brace to

gusset connection:
Non staggered bolt pattern
add = 0
Staggered bolt pattern - Single Angle or
double angle both sides of gusset
add = S_g
Staggered bolt pattern - Double Angle same side or
star angle vertical brace
Two columns -- add = S_g
Four columns -- add = 2 * S_g
Wn = (b - Column * Dh + add)
Ae = t * MIN[ Wn, .85 * b]
Ag = b * t
Rn from Sect J4.1, elements in tension, minimum
of yielding or rupture
(LRFD) Axial tension = PHI * Rn
(ASD) Axial tension = Rn/OMEGA
Page
17
(15) Connection gross shear:

Two side gusset PL, End PL or two side clip L:
Ag = NS_depth * NS_thick + FS_depth * FS_thick
Rn from J4.2, shear yielding; .6Fy*Ag
(ASD)
Load = Rn/OMEGA
(16) Connection net shear, bent pl, clip angle, splice pl:
Wn = Cn_depth - Dh * Row,
net width
Anv = 2 * Cn_thick * Wn
Rn from J4.2, shear rupture; .6Fu*Anv
(ASD)
Load = Rn/OMEGA
(17) Conn. gross shear; single Pl conn., one side gusset
or single clip angle:
Ag
= Cn_depth * Cn_thick
Rn from J4.2, shear yielding; .6Fy * Ag
(ASD)
Load = Rn/OMEGA
(18) OSL bending, one side clip angle:
Rn_g = Fy * / Sx_gross
Sect J4.1, gross flexure yield
Rn_n = Fu * Sx_net
Sect J4.1, net flexure rupture
(LRFD) Load = MIN[ PHI * Rn_g, PHI * R_n ] / La
(ASD) Load = MIN[ Rn_g/OMEGA, R_n/OMEGA ] / La
(19) Bending, net section of gusset/shear plate:
D = plate width, t = plate thickness, n = Row, b = Spacing
Sx_net = t*D^2/6-b^2*n(n^2-1)t(Dh)/6D
eb = bolt eccentricity, unstiffened element Qs from sect E7
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Fu * Qs * Sx_net / eb
(ASD)
Load = (Fu/OMEGA) * Qs * Sx_net / eb
Page 18
(20) Bearing on connection, eccentricity considered:
Rn calculated from sect J3-10 for edge and interior bolts
Rn_ave = average strength of edge and interior bolts
(LRFD) Load = PHI*Rn_ave*C*Shear
(ASD) Load = (Rn_ave/OMEGA)*C*Shear
(21) Connection net shear:
k=1 for shear tab, shear tee & thru pl
k = 2 for end plate, dbl clip angle.
Anv = Cn_thick*(Cn_depth-Dh*Row
Rn = k * .6 * Fu * Anv,
shear rupture Sect J4.2
(ASD) Load = Rn / OMEGA
(22) Weld, shear plate to support eccentricity not considered:
(For moment connection web plates to WF col webs, deduct
two .75 corner clips; Cn_depth = Pl depth - 1.5)
Aw = 2 * .707 * Weld_size * Cn_depth
Rn = 2 * Fn * Aw,
Sect J2.4
(23) Weld, two side clip angle to support:
(Volume II page 2-37)
La
= Osl, L = Cn_depth
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Rn = Fw * .707 * weld_size Spec J2.4
(LRFD) Fr = PHI * Rn
(ASD) Fr = Rn / OMEGA
K = (9*La/5/L/L)^2+(1/2/L)^2
Load = SQRT[Fr^2/K]
(24) Fillet weld stress, shear end Pl to beam web:
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Rn = Fw * .707 * weld_size
Spec J2.4
(LRFD) Min_web = PHI*Rn*Side/(PHI*.6Fy_web), (J4-3)
(ASD) Min_web = Rn/OMEGA*Side/(.6Fy_web/OMEGA), (J4-3)
Web_factor = MIN[Tw/Min_web,1]
Weld_len = Cn_depth-2*Weld_size
Load = 2*Fr*Weld_len*Web_factor
(25) Column web crippling Sect. J10.3:
lb = thick of flange or Pl connected to column
Load applied at a dist. >= d/2 from top of column,
Rn =.8Tw^2[1+3(lb/d)*(Tw/Tf)^1.5]SQRT[E*Fy*Tf/TS]
(J10-4)
Load applied at a dist. < d/2 from top of column,

lb/d <= .2
Rn =.40Tw^2[1+3(lb/d)*(Tw/Tf)^1.5]SQRT[E*Fy*Tf/TS] (J10-5a)
lb/d > .2
Rn =.40Tw^2[1+(4lb/d - .2)*(Tw/Tf)^1.5]SQRT[E*Fy*Tf/TS] (J10-5b)
(LRFD) Moment = PHI * Rn * .95 * D_beam
(ASD) Moment = (Rn/OMEGA) * .95 * D_beam
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * .95 * D_beam
where Ff = the maximum flange force.
Page
(26) Clip angle to beam web weld, ecc. considered
[ shaped weld:
Side = 1 or 2 (Connection on 1 or 2 sides of beam)
La = Face of connection to C.G. weld group
kl = angle leg - clip_stbk
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
(LRFD) Min_web = .PHI*Rn*Side/(PHI*.6Fy_web), (J4-3)
(ASD) Min_web = Rn/OMEGA*Side/(.6Fy_web/OMEGA), (J4-3)
Web_factor = MIN[Tw/Min_web,1]
N = Weld_size*16
Load = C*N*Side*Web_factor*Cn_depth
19
(27) Allowable load for bolts with applied axial tension:

For shear end plates and clip angles-- the bolt tension is
increased due to the effect of eccentricity from the bolt group
c.g. to the centerline of the beam, Vecc:
applied T / N + applied T * Vecc / bolt group sx
where N = the number of bolts.
(See J3.7, .8 & .9 for combined tension and shear)
Rn = F'nt * Ab
(J3-2)
Rn = Mu*Du*hf*Tb*Ns
slip critical (J3-4)
ksc from (J3-5a, 5b)
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Rn * ( Row_ns + Row_fs ) * Column / 2
(ASD) Load = (Rn/OMEGA) * ( Row_ns + Row_fs ) * Column / 2
See connection design notes for 'heavy' clip angles.)
(28) Unstiffened seat angle, OSL bending:
For seats with 3.5 <= OSL <= 4, & setback <= .5 the
AISC procedure is used, with an added check for OSL shear
yielding, AISC Engineering Journal vol 34, no 3, 1997, pg 90.
For other cases the following procedure applies.
Reaction is taken at the c/l of the required
minimum calculated bearing length.
t = angle thickness
Ef = .25 + Setback +.5*Min_brg
Eo = Ef-(t+3/8), Toe of fillet to C/L brg
Zx = l * t^2 / 4
Mn = Fy * Zx < 1.6My
Sect F11
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Mn / Eo
(ASD) Load = (Mn / OMEGA) / Eo
(29) Unstiffened seat angle, weld:
Reaction is taken at the c/l of the required
minimum calculated bearing length.
La = .25 + Setback + .5*Min_brg
L = Cn_depth
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Rn = Fw * .707 * eff_weld_size
Spec J2.4
K = (9La/4L^2)^2+(1/2L)^2
Load = SQRT[Fr^2/K]
(30) Plate or Tee seat weld:

(Reaction taken at .8 * the seat width
from the face of the column)
La = .8*Cn_width
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
K = (1/2.4/Cn_depth)^2+(La/.6/Cn_depth^2)^2
Load = SQRT[Fr^2/K]
(31) W Column web strength, Pl or Tee seat:
(Ellifritt & Sputo, AISC 'Engineering Journal)
fourth quarter 1999, page 160)
k = yield line factor
B = seat pl length, parallel to col web
L = stiffener length, W = stiffener width
B' = MAX[ W/2, 2 5/8]
e = B'/2 + .25, load eccentricity
F_star = Fy + 2/3 * (Fu - Fy)
m = Tw^2 * F_star / 4
Pn = k * L * m / e
Load = .9 Pn
(32) Tee or Plate seat stiffener b/t ratio:
Angle = ATN(Cn_width/Cn_depth)
b/t
= Cn_width*COS(Angle)/Cn_thick
Apb = Cn_width*Cn_thick
Rn = 1.8 * Fy * Apb
Section J7
(LRFD) Load = Qs*PHI*Rn
(ASD) Load = Qs*Rn/OMEGA
(33) Stiffened angle seat-to-support weld;
(Two vert. welds plus weld on heel of angle):
Ew = .8(Stiff width + L thick)
b = horiz. weld length
d = angle vert leg dimension
Sx = (2bd + d^2) / 3, na to heel of angle.
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
A = b + d + d, total weld length
K = (Ew/Sx)^2+(1/A)^2
Load = SQRT[Fr^2/K]
Page
20
Page
(34) Stiffened seat angle, stiffener-to-angle weld:
pl_w = stiff width; pl_len = stiff length
lw = pl_w - .5;
lh = pl_len - .5,
weld lengths
T = lw + lh
x_bar = (lw * (.5 * lw + .5) ) / T
y_bar = (lw * pl_len + lh * .5 * lh) / T
ix = lh^3/12 + lh(y_bar - .5*lh)^2 + lw(pl_len - y_bar)^2
iy = lh * x_bar^2 + lw^3 /12. + lw(.5*lw + .5 - x_bar)^2
ip = ix + iy
Ew = 2 * pl_w / 3
weld eccentricity
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
R_unit = 1.0,
unit load
point p1, bottom inside corner of stiffener
fv = R_unit / T + R_unit * (Ew - x_bar) * x_bar / ip
fh = R_unit * (Ew - x_bar) * y_bar / ip
fr1 = SQRT[ fv^2 + fh^2 ]
point p2, top outside corner of stiffener
fv = R_unit/T + R_unit*(Ew - x_bar) * (pl_w - x_bar)/ip
fh = R_unit*(Ew - x_bar) * (pl_len - y_bar)/ip
fr2 = SQRT[ fv^2 + fh^2 ]
Load = 2 * Fr / max( fr1, fr2)
(35) Stiffened seat angle, bearing on stiffener:
Apb = t( b - corner_clip )
Rn = 1.8 * Fy * Apb
J7 Bearing strength
(36) Shear on support, shear connection:
Conn. to a W or C web with a member opposite:
Ag = Cn_depth*T_sup
Other cases:
Ag = 2*Cn_depth*T_sup
(For moment connections to WF col webs, deduct
two .75 corner clips, Cn_depth = Cn_depth - 1.5)
Rn = .6 * Fy * Ag
Sect J4.2 shear yield
(37)
Not used
(38) Single Pl shear connection yield strength:

No axial load and dim A <= 3.5 inches:
Rn = .6 * Fy * Ag
Sect J4.2 shear yield
Axial load or dim A > 3.5 inches:
Refer to misc design note 33;
P = applied axial load, R = shear reaction
sigma = P / Ag_web + R * ecc / Zx
tau = R / Ag_web
See misc. design note 33
Load = maximum R to satisfy the yield criterion
21
(39)
Not used
Page
22
(40) Clip angle connection with axial tension,

bolt strength:
(LRFD) B = PHI * Fnt * Ab
(ASD) B = Ab * Fnt / OMEGA
Tf = Cn_thick
p = Cn_depth / Row
d'= Db + 1/16 (Db + 2 mm)
Delta = 1 - d' / p
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
T2 = (B * a' + M) / (a' + b')
T3 = B
N = Row_ns + Row_fs
Vecc = vertical dim. from bolt group c.g. to the beam c/l
Hecc = horizontal dim. from bolt group c.g. to the beam c/l
Sx = section modulus of bolt group about x-axis
Sy = section modulus of bolt group about y-axis
K = 1 / N + abs(Vecc) / Sx +/- Hecc / Sy
(K should be determined for the top bolts on NS and FS
if Vecc < 0 or the bottom bolts on NS and FS if Vecc > 0)
Tension = MIN[T2, T3] / maximum K
(See connection design notes for 'heavy' clip angles.)
(41) Coped beam strength:
('Coped beams' pages 9-6 thru 9-9)
Beam coped at top only, available buckling stress, fig 9-2:
ho = d - dct
c <= 2d, dct <= d/2
plate buckling coefficient:
k = 2.2(ho/c)^1.65, c/ho <= 1
k = 2.2(ho/c), c/ho > 1
adjustment factor:
f = 2(c/d), c/d <= 1
f = 1+(c/d), c/d > 1
Fcr = 26210 * (Tw/ho)^2 * f * k <= Fy
Mn = Fcr * Snet
(LRFD) Load = PHI*Fcr*Snet/e
(ASD) Load = Fcr/OMEGA * Snet/e
Beam coped at top and bottom, fig 9-3:
ho = d - dct - dcb
'e' is calculated using the top cope length
c <= 2d, dct <= .2d, Cheng procedure)
dc = top cope depth
If web holes line up with cope: Sn = Sn_net
fd = 3.5 - 7.5( dc / d )
Fcr = .62 * PI * E * Tw^2 * fd / ( c * ho ) <= Fy
For all other conditions
Q from formulas on page 9-9
Fcr = Fy*Q
(LRFD) Load = PHI*Fcr*Snet/e
(ASD) Load = Fcr/OMEGA * Snet/e
For axially loaded bms, the Load is adjusted by + or - fa.
Beam coped at bottom only:
ho = d - dcb
c <= d2
(LRFD) Load = PHI*Fy * Sn / e
(ASD) Load = Fy/OMEGA * Sn / e
(42) Stiffened beam web (transverse stiffener):

b = Stiff width, t = stiff thick, l = stiff length
Leff = Effective beam web length
= 25*Tw, interior stiffeners
= 12*Tw, near end of beam
Ag = 2b*t*Pair+Tw*Leff; (Gross effective area)
K = Tw+2b
One pair: Ix = t*K^3/12
(in plane of web)
Iy = Tw*Leff^3/12 ( perp to web)
Two pairs: Stif_spa=Spacing between stiff pairs
Ix = 2t*K^3/12
Iy = Tw*Leff^3/12+2K*t(.5Stif_spa)^2
Rx = SQRT[Ix/Ag];
Ry = SQRT[Iy/Ag]
Kl/r = .75(l)/MIN[Rx,Ry]
Pn = Fcr * Ag;
Fcr from (E7-2, -3)
Qs from (E7-4, -5, -6)
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Pn
(ASD) Load = Pn/OMEGA
Page
23
(43) Clip angle connection with axial tension,

angle failure mode:
Tf = Cn_thick
p = Cn_depth / Row
d'= Db + 1/16 (Db + 2 mm)
Delta = 1 - d' / p
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
T = (1 + Delta) * M / b'
N = Row_ns + Row_fs
Tension = T / maximum K
(See connection design notes for 'heavy' clip angles.)
(44) Moment connection to col web, flange plate weld:
Weld_f = Weld size to col flange
Weld_w = Weld size to col web
Flg_l = .5(Bf_col-Tw_col)-Fil_rad-1/2; flg weld length
Web_l = D_col-2*Kdist_col; web weld length
D_prime = D_beam - tf_beam for welded flg pl
D_prime = D_beam + Pl_thick for bolted flg pl
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
F_web = Fr_w * Web_l * 2
F_web is reduced by 50 percent and may be limited by
web bending strength if there is no opposing
if there is no opposing column stiffener.
F_flg = Fr_f * Flg_l * 4
Moment = D_prime*(F_web + F_flg)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*D_prime
Page
(45) Not used

(46) Moment connection, flange PL
Agt = Ag = b*t,
Rn = Fy
Ant = t*(b-2*Dh), Rn = Fu
<= .85*Agt
Rn = Fu
Pn = Fcr * Ag,
K = .65
(LRFD) ft1 =
(LRFD) ft2 =
(LRFD) fc1 =
tension & comp:

* Agt
J4-1
* Ant
J4-1
* Ant
J4-1
(E7-2, -3)
PHI * Rn; (ASD) ft1 = Rn/OMEGA

PHI * Rn; (ASD) ft2 = Rn/OMEGA
PHI * Pn; (ASD) fc1 = Pn/OMEGA
Moment = (D+t) * MIN[ft1,ft2,fc1]

For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(D+t)
(47) Not Used
(48) Bolt tension, four bolt extended End-Plate:
Interaction eqns apply to brg type bolts
(LRFD) Moment = 4 * PHI * Fn * Ab * (D-Tf)
(ASD) Moment = 4 * Fn * Ab * (D-Tf) / OMEGA
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * (D-Tf)
(49) Bolt shear, '4 and 8 - Bolt' extended End-Plate:
(Interaction equations apply to the tension
bolts in bearing-type connections)
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Fn * Ab * 2 * Row
(ASD ) Load = Fn * Ab * 2 * Row / OMEGA
(50) Plate strength, 4-bolt extended End-Plate:
tp = end plate thick
bs = MIN( plate width, Bf + 1.0 ), max eff width
db = bolt diameter
af = Tf * Bf
aw = ( depth - Tf - Tf ) * Tw
wt = max( weld_size, reinf_fil ) * .707
pe = pf - db / 4.0 - wt
af_aw = af / aw
cb = sqrt( Bf / bs )
pe_db = pe / db
alpha_m = ca * cb * pow( af_aw, .333 ) * pow( pe_db, .25 )
(LRFD) Fb = PHI * fy_pl
(ASD) Fb = fy_pl / OMEGA
Z = sqr(tp) * bs / 4.
ff = 4. * Fb * Z / ( alpha_m * pe )
Moment = ff * ( depth - Tf )
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * ( depth - Tf )
24
(51) Pl to Flange fillet weld, extended End-Plate:

(LRFD Vol II)
Flg_perimeter = 2(Bf+Tf)-Tw
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Fw = Fw * (1.0 + .5 Sin^1.5(Theta)) Formula (J2.5)
Theta = 90 degrees
Rn = Fw * .707 * Weld_size
Spec J2.4
Moment = Fr*Flg_perimeter*(D-Tf)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(D-Tf)
Page
(52) Pl to Web fillet weld shear strength, extended End-Plate:

Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
Load = 2 * Fr * Eff_weld_len
(53) W Section col. butt plate, AISC CASE III:
D = upper col depth
D_l=Lower col depth
Bf = Upper col flg width, Bf_l=Lower col flg width
Area = Upper column area
P = Load from upper column
Delta = .5(T of lower col - D_u)
Delta >= t, check shear and bend stress
Delta < t, check shear stress
Po = (P/Area)(D*Tw), direct brg.
fv = .25(P-Po)/B*t
A = D_l-2Tf_l, B = .5Bf_u
Q = (Load-Po)/Bf*D
fb = Beta*Q*B^2/t^2
('Formulas for Stress and Strain',
R.J.Roark 5th ed.Table 26; 7a)
Load = largest value of P to satisfy:
Bending and shear yield ---(LRFD) fb <= Fb = PHI * fy & fv <= PHI * .6Fy
(ASDD) fb <= Fb = fy/OMEGA & fv <= .6Fy/OMEGA
Bearing sect J7,
Rn = 1.8 * Fy * Area
Delta = 0., (LRFD) Load = PHI * Rn
Delta = 0., (ASD) Load = Rn/OMEGA * Rn
bearing J7
bearing J7
(54) Tube column butt plate:

Upper tube size <= lower tube size)
Ts_l Lower tube size, Ts_u Upper tube size
Tw_l Lower tube wall, Tw_u Upper tube wall
Delta = .5[(Ts_l-Tw_l)-Ts_u-Tw_u)]
Zx = t^2/4; per inch of plate
(LRFD):
Shear yield: Rs = PHI*Fy*t*(Upper tube perimeter)
Flexure: Rb = PHI*Fy*(Upper tube perimeter)*Zx/Delta
(ASD):
Shear yield: Rs = (Fy/OMEGA)*t*(Upper tube perimeter)
Flexure: Rb = (Fy/OMEGA)*(Upper tube perimeter)*Zx/Delta
Load = MIN[Rs, Rb]
25
Page 26
(55) Beam web block shear strength, axially loaded, welded clip L conn:
(J4.3)
Coped beam, tension yield:
Tension = (LRFD) PHI*Fy*Ag,
Ag =Tw*Cn_depth
= (ASD) Fy*Ag/OMEGA
Un-coped beam:
Av = (Cn_width-Clip_stbk)*Tw*2
At = Cn_depth*Tw
Ubs = 1.
Rn = Tension rupture + MIN( Shear yield, Shear rupture
(LRFD) Tension = PHI * Rn
(ASD) Tension = Rn / OMEGA
(56) Beam web block shear strength, axially loaded, bolted clip L conn:
(J4.3)
Sh = Horiz bolt spacing
One bolt columnAnv = 2*Tw*(Lh-.5*Dh)
Agv = 2*Tw*Lh
More than one bolt columnAnv = 2*Tw*[Lh-.5*Dh+(Column-1)*(Sh-Dh)]
Agv = 2*Tw *(Column-1)Sh
Ant = (Spa-Dh)*(Row-1)*Tw
Rn = Net rupture + MIN( Shear yield, Shear rupture)
(ASD) Tension = Rn / OMEGA
(57) Tension stress on axially loaded clip angle connection:
-the effect of vertical eccentricity is includedVecc = vertical dim. from conn c/l to the beam c/l
Bolted to beam:
Area = ( Length_ns - Dh * Row_ns ) * Thick_ns
+ ( Length_fs - Dh * Row_fs ) * Thick_fs
Sx = net section modulus
Welded to beam:
Area = Length_ns * Thick_ns + Length_fs * Thick_fs
Sx = gross section modulus
V = applied shear
Bolted connection, tension and shear rupture J4:
(LRFD) Ft = PHI*Rn,
Fv = PHI*Rn
(ASD) Ft = PHI/OMEGA, Fv = PHI*Rn/OMEGA
Welded connection, tension and shear yield J4:
(LRFD) Ft = PHI*Rn,
Fv = PHI*Rn
(ASD) Ft = Rn/OMEGA, Fv = PHI/OMEGA
Interaction equation: fv/Fv + ft/Ft <= 1
k = 1 / Area + abs(Vecc) / Sx
Axial tension load = (1 - V/(Fv * Area) ) * Ft / k )
Page
(58) Combined weld stress, end plate, with axial load:
Elastic method.
Lw = Cn_depth - 2 * Weld_size, (effective weld length)
Extended end Pl: Lw = Beam T distance
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
Fh = Applied axial tension / 2 / Lw
Load = 2 * Lw * SQRT[ Fr^2 - Fh^2 ]
(59) Beam flexural strength:
Mn = Mp = Fy * Zx
(F2-1)
(LRFD) Moment = PHI * Mp
(ASD) Moment = Mp / OMEGA
For axial load reduce moment using interaction equations
from Chapter F
(60) Plate strength, end PL with axial tension load:
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4.
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
Tf = Cn_thick
p = Cn_depth/Row
Delta = 1-d'/p
d'= Db+1/16
T = (1+Delta)*M/b'
b' = dim b - .5 * Db, a' = dim a + .5 * Db
Vecc = Dim from bolt group cg to beam centerline
Vecc = 0.
Tension = 2 T * bolt rows
Vecc > 0.
Tension = T/( 1/2*bolt rows + Vecc/bolt group Sx)
(61) Bolt strength, end PL with axial tension load:
Tf = pl thick
p = pl depth/Row
d'= Db+1/16 (Db+2 mm)
b' = dim b - .5 * Db, a' = dim a + .5 * Db
(LRFD) B = PHI * Ft * Ab;
M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) B = Ab * Ft/ OMEGA; M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (4 * OMEGA)
Delta = 1-d'/p
T2 = (B*a'+M)/(a'+ b') with prying action
T3 = B
without prying action
Vecc = Dim from bolt group cg to beam centerline
Tension = MIN[T2,T3]/( 1/2*row + Vecc/bolt group Sx)
(62) Column bearing, AISC CASE II:
Rn =1.8*Fy(Col_brg_Area+Fill_brg_area)
Sect J7
27
Page
(63) Coped beam web reinforced with bolted doubler PLs:
(doubler plate stress)
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * .6 * Fu, shear rupture
Fb = PHI*Fy,
bending
(ASD) Fv = .6Fu / OMEGA, shear rupture
Fb = Fy / OMEGA,
bending
Bm_load = unreinforced coped beam strength, see #(41)
Tp = Doubler thickness
Dp = Doubler depth
Snet = Shear*Tp*Dp^2/6-Spa^2*Row*(Row^2-1)*Tp*Dh/6*Dp
Anet = Tp*(Dp-Row*Dh)*Shear
Shear_load = Fv*Anet
Cope length is measured from the face of the conn.
Moment_load = Qs*Fb*Snet/MAX[Clt+2.5,Clb+2.5]
Load = MIN[Moment_load,Shear_load]+Bm_load
28

(doubler bolt shear)
Bm_load = Coped beam strength, see #(41)
First bolt is 2 1/2 in. (64 mm) past cope.
Cope length is measured from the face of the connection.
La = MAX[Clt,Clb]+2.5+(Dblr_col-1)*Col_spa*.5
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Rnv * Shear * C + Bm_load
(ASD) Load = ( Rnv/OMEGA) * Shear * C + Bm_load
(doubler bolt bearing)
(First bolt is 2 1/2 in. (64 mm) past cope)
Tp = Doubler thickness
Cope length is measured from the face of the connection.
La = MAX[Clt,Clb]+2.5+(Dblr_col-1)*Col_spa*.5
Rn is calculated using J3-10
(LRFD) Load = PHI*Rn*C * MIN[Tp*Shear,Tw] + Bm_load
(ASD) Load = (Rn/OMEGA) *C * MIN[Tp*Shear,Tw] + Bm_load
(66) Coped beam web reinforced with welded doubler PLs:
(doubler plate stress)
Cope length is measured from the face of the conn.
Tp = Doubler plate thickness
Dp = Doubler plate depth
Sx = Cn_side*Tp*Dp^2/6
Ag = Tp*Dp*Cn_side
Shear yielding: (LRFD) PHI*.6Fy*Agv
(ASD)
.6Fy/OMEGA * Agv
Flexural yielding: (LRFD)= PHI*Fy*Sx/MAX[Clt,Clb]
(ASD)= (Fy/OMEGA) *Sx/MAX[Clt,Clb]
Load = MIN[Shear yielding,Flexural yielding]+Bm_load
(67) Coped beam web reinforced with welded doubler PLs:
(doubler to web weld stress, ']' shaped weld)
Nws = INT[Weld_size/16], number off sixteenths in fillet weld size
Dp = Doubler plate depth
C = weld coefficient, table 8-8
Load = C * Dp * Nws * Cn_side + Bm_load
Page 29
(68) Bolted moment connection, flange bolt shear:
(LRFD) Rv = PHI*Rn*Shear, Rn from J3-6
(ASD)
Rv = Rn/OMEGA *Shear
(Rn for bearing type bolts is reduced to 83.3 percent when
bolt pattern length > 38 in.
Table J3.2)
Moment = Rv * 2 * Row * D
(For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*D
where Ff = the maximum flange force)
(69) Bolted moment connection, bolt bearing on flg. conn Pl:
Rn is calculated using J3.10)
(LRFD) Moment = PHI*(Rn_e*N_e + Rn_i*N_i) (D + Cn_thick)
(ASD) Moment = (Rn_e*N_e + Rn_i*N_i)/OMEGA * (D + Cn_thick)
( For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(D + Cn_thick)
where Ff = the flange force)
(70) Extended end pl shear yielding:
Bp = Eff pl width <= Bf + 1 )
Ag = Bp * t * 2.
Rn = .6 * Fy * Ag,
J3.2
(LRFD) Moment = PHI *Rn * (D - Tf)
(ASD) Moment = Rn/OMEGA * (D - Tf)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * (D - Tf)
(71) Wf brace bolt shear:
(LRFD) Rv = PHI * Rn * Shear,
Rn from J3.6
(ASD) Rv = Rn / OMEGA * Shear
At = total cross-sectional area
Aw = tw * (depth - 2 * tf)
Af = bf * tf
web_force = Rv * 2 * web_row
flg_force = Rv * 4 * flg_row
P_total,web = web_force * At / Aw
P_total,flg = flg_force * At / (2*Af)
Axial load = MIN[ P_total,web, P_total,flg ]
(72) Bolted moment connection, bearing on beam flange:
Rn is calculated using J3.10
(LRFD) Moment = PHI*(Rn_e*N_e + Rn_i*N_i)(.95D)
(ASD) Moment = (Rn_e*N_e + Rn_i*N_i)/OMEGA * (.95D)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*.95D
where Ff = the flange force.
Page
(73) Wf brace, bolt brg on brace:
Lc_edge = Le - .5Dh
Lc_int = Spacing - Dh
Rn_edge and Rn_int are calculated using formula (J3-6a)
with the appropriate clear distance for Lc (Lc_edge or
Lc_int) and thickness for t (tf or tw).
(LRFD) F = PHI * Rn_edge * N_e + PHI * Rn_int * N_i
(ASD) F = Rn_edge / OMEGA * N_e + Rn_int / OMEGA * N_i
F_web = capacity of web connection
= F evaluated with a thickness of tw
F_flg = capacity of flange connections
= F evaluated with a thickness of tf
Af = bf * tf
P_total,web = F_web * At / Aw
P_total,flg = F_flg * At / (2*Af)
(74) Wf brace block shear:
Web connection,
Rn from J4.3, '[' shaped failure pattern
(LRFD) F_web = PHI * Rn
(ASD) F_web = Rn/OMEGA
Flange connection,
Rn from J4.3, 'L' shaped failure pattern
(LRFD) F_flg = PHI * Rn
(ASD) F_flg = Rn / OMEGA
Af = bf * tf
Tension = MIN[ P_total,web, P_total,flg ]
30
(75) Combined beam web stress, end PL with axial load:

Ae_web = Tw*(Cn_depth-2*Weld_size), fillet welds
Ae_web = Tw*(Cn_depth-Tw),
CJP weld
Extended end Pl: Ae_web = Tw * Bm T distance
T = applied tension, R = shear reaction
sigma = T / Ae_web
tau = R / Ae_web
Page
(76) Moment, flange-angle connection,

bolt failure mode:
a = Osl - Osl_ga
b = Osl_ga - Cn_thick
Rn = Fnt * Ab
(LRFD) B = PHI * Rn
(ASD) B = Rn / OMEGA
p = .5 conn length
d = Db
d'= Db + 1/16 (Db + 2 mm)
Tf = Cn_thick
b'= b - .5 * D
a'= a + .5 * d
Delta = 1 - d' / P
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
T2 = (B * a' + M) / (a' + b');
T3 = B
Moment = Row * 2 * MIN[T2, T3] * (D + 2 * Osl_ga)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(D + 2 * Osl_ga)
(77) Moment flange angle conn., angle stress, tension
and compression:
a = Osl - Osl_ga
b = Osl_ga - Cn_thick
p =.5 * Cn_length
d = Db
d'= Db + 1/16 (Db + 2 mm)
f = Cn_thick
b'= b - .5 * d
a' = a + .5 * d
Delta = 1 - d' / p
Dm = bm depth + 2 * angle thickness
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
T1 = (1 + Delta) * M / b'
OSL bending -(LRFD)
M1 = T1*2*Dm
Angle net tension rupture-- J4.1:
M2 = PHI*Ant*Fu* Dm
Angle gross tension yield -- J4.1:
M3 = PHI*Agt*Fy* Dm
Angle gross compression -- J4.1 & E3:
M4 = PHI*Ag*(Pu or Fcr)* Dm
(ASD)
M1 = T1*2*Dm
Angle net tension rupture-- J4.1:
M2 = Ant*Fu/OMEGA * Dm
Angle gross tension yield -- J4.1:
M3 = Agt*Fy/OMEGA * Dm
Angle gross compression -- J4.1 & E3:
M4 = Ag*(Pu or Fcr)/OMEGA * Dm
Moment = MIN[M1, M2, M3, M4]
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*Dm
(78) & (79) Not used
31
Page
(80) Eight-bolt Stiffened extended End-Plate:
Bolt stress, Design guide 4 simplified approach, page 18.
Only A325 or F1852 bolts allowed
Interaction eqns apply to brg type bolts
Moment = 6*Ab*Ft*(D-Tf)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(D-Tf)
32
(81) Eight-bolt Stiffened extended End-Plate:

Plate strength, design guide 4 simplified approach, page 18.
Only A325 or F1852 bolts allowed
Bp = eff. end pl width <= Bf + 1.
Pf = distance from bolt to tension flange surface
(LRFD) Peff = SQRT[Gage^2+Pf^2]*Pf/4.17
Fb = PHI * Fy
(ASD) Peff = SQRT[Gage^2+Pf^2]*Pf/5.0
Fb = Fy / OMEGA
formulas combined and solved for Moment -Moment = 6 * Thick^2 * (D-Tf) * Fb * Bp / (4*Peff)
(82) Not used
(83) Unstiffened column moment strength:
(Beam flange or connection PL welded to col flange)
Column web yield, buckling, and flange flexure:
N = Beam flange or connection plate thickness
dtc = dist from top of bm to top of col
Rn1, Flange local bending,
Rn2, Web local yielding,
Rn3, Compression web buckling,
Rn = MIN[ Rn1,Rn2,Rn3]
D = .95 * bm depth, or c/l to
J10.1
J10.2
J10.5
(J10-1)
(J10-2)
(J10-8)
c/l of flg moment Pls
(LRFD) Moment = PHI*Rn * D

(ASD) Moment = Rn/OMEGA * D
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * D
(84) Not used
(85) Moment flange plate block shear:
Ga = Flg. gage; N = number of bolt rows
S = Bolt spa.; Ed = Pl end edge dist.
b = Pl width;
t = Pl thickness
agv = t((Row-1) * S + Ed)
anv = t((Row-1) * S + Ed - Dh(Row-.5))
[ shaped failure pattern,
Agv = 2 * agv, Anv = 2 * anv
Ant = t * (Ga - Dh )
Rn1 from formula (J4-5)
2 L shaped failure pattern,
Agv = 2 * agv, Anv = 2 * anv
Ant = b - (Ga - Dh )
L shaped failure pattern,
Agv = agv, Anv = anv
Ant = Ga + 0.5 * (b - Ga) - 1.5 * Dh )
Moment = MIN[Rn1, Rn2, Rn3]*(Depth + t)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(Depth+t)
Page 33
(86) Bearing on beam web, bolted clip angle conn. with axial load:
P_axial = Max. of applied tension or compression force
n = rows, m = columns, d = col spacing, b = vert spacing
V = shear
Ip = bolt group polar moment of inertia
mom = V * horiz ecc,
where horiz ecc = 0 for 1 column of bolts
= la_x for 2 columns of bolts
f1 = V / ( m * n ),
f2 = abs(mom) * .5 * d / Ip
f3 = P_axial / ( m * n ), f4 = abs(mom) * (n - 1) * b * .5 / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 + f4)^2 ]
(LRFD) Load = maximum V so that Rv <= PHI * Rn
(ASD) Load = maximum V so that Rv <= Rn/OMEGA
(87) Bearing on connection, bolted clip L conn. with axial load:
V = shear
c = distance from the c.g of the bolt group to the controlling bolt
(if clips are different lengths, must investigate the top
bolt and the bottom bolt)
f1 = V / ( m * n ),
f2 = mom * .5 * d / Ip
f3 = P_axial / ( m * n ), f4 = mom * c / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 +/- f4)^2 ]
(88) Weld stress, two-side clip angle conn. with axial load:
(Elastic method)
Vecc = vertical dim. from conn c/l to the beam c/l
(Vecc is positive if the conn c/l is above the beam c/l)
Fa = Axial load / 2
(Fa is positive for tension and negative for compression)
A = Cn_width, K = A - Clip_setback
L = Cn_depth, W = L + 2 * K (total weld length)
X = K^2/W, c.g. location from ver weld.
Ip = (2*K+L)^3/12 - K^2*(K+L)^2/W
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
Without vertical eccentricity:
C1 = 1 / W + ( A - X ) * X / Ip, C2 = ( A - X ) * .5 * L / Ip
A1 = C1^2 + C2^2,
B1 = 2 * T * C2 / W
C3 = ( abs(Fa) / W )^2 - Fr^2
D1 = SQRT[ B1^2 - 4 * A1 * C3 ]
Load = ( D1 - B1 ) / A1
With vertical eccentricity:
twisting = ( V * ( A - X ) - Fa * Vecc )
f1 = V / W,
if twisting < 0,
f2 = abs(twisting) * (K - X) / Ip
otherwise,
f2 = twisting * X / Ip
f3 = abs(Fa) / W,
f4 = abs(twisting) * .5 * L / Ip
fr = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 + f4)^2 ]
Load = 2 * V;
V is maximum for fr <= Fr
(89) Web bolt shear, combined load, clip L conn. with axial load:
V = shear
f1 = V / ( m * n ),
f2 = mom * .5 * d / Ip
f3 = P_axial / ( m * n ), f4 = mom * c / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 +/- f4)^2 ]
Rn = Fn * Ab, J6

(ASD) Load = maximum V so that Rv <= Rn / OMEGA
Page
(90) Angle brace, net area tension:
S = longitudinal bolt spacing
n = 1 for single angle brace, 2 for double angle brace
Wg = Leg+Osl-Thickness
Wn = Wg-Dh, for one bolt column
Wn = Wg-Column*Dh+S^2/4/g2, two bolt columns
Ant = Wn*t
Ae = Ant*U,
J3.3
Rn = Fu * Ae. tension rupture
(LRFD) Tension = PHI*Rn
(ASD) Tension = Rn/OMEGA
(91) Brace gusset tension:
S = longitudinal bolt spacing
Wn = (b-Dh), for one bolt column
Wn = (b-Column*Dh+S^2/4/g2), for two bolt columns
Ant = MIN[Wn, .85 * b] * t
Agt = b*t
Rn_net = Fu * Ant
Rn_gross = Fy * Agt
(LRFD) Tension = MIN[PHI*Rn_net, PHI*Rn_gross]
(ASD) Tension = MIN[Rn_net/OMEGA, Rn_gross/OMEGA]
(92) Angle brace block shear, (tension loaded brace):
t = brace thickness, S = bolt spacing
n = 1 for single angle, 2 for double angle
Anv = ((S-Dh)*(Row-1)+Le-.5*Dh)*t
Agv = (S*(Row-1)+Le)*t
One bolt column:
Ant = (Leg-ga-.5*Dh)*t
Two bolt columns:
Ant = (Leg-g1 - 1.5 * Dh + S^2/4/g2)*t
Rn = Block shear from J4.3
(ASD) Tension = Rn/OMEGA
(93) Angle brace gross area axial load:
n = 1 for single L brace, 2 for dbl L
Ag = (Leg+Osl-t)*t*n
Rn = Fy * Ag
(LRFD) Tension or Compression = PHI*Rn
(ASD) Tension or Compression = Rn/OMEGA
(94) Angle brace gusset block shear:
Brace connected to one member:
L shaped failure pattern
Rn = block shear strength,
J4.3
Brace connected to two members with 2 columns of bolts:

U shaped failure pattern
J4.3
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Rn
(ASD)
Axial load = Rn/OMEGA
(95) Not used
34
Page 35
(96) Wf brace gusset plate block shear:
Under claw angles -Lhd = dim. between bolt cols in claw Ls
Ant = t * ( Lhd - dh )
Anv = t * ( S * ( Row - 1 ) + edge_dist - ( Row - .5) * dh )
Agv = t * S * ( Row - 1 ) + edge_dist
Rn1 from J4.3
Under
Ant
Anv
Agv
K =
Rn2
web splice -= t * ( Col_spa - Dh )

= 2t * (S * ( Row - 1 ) + edge_dist - ( Row - .5) * Dh)
= 2t * (S * ( Row - 1 ) + edge_dist)
( Web_row + Flg_row )/ Web_row
from J4.3 * K
Rn = MIN[Rn1, Rn2]
(ASD) Tension = Rn /OMEGA
(97) Not used
(98) Beam web stress, axial & shear load:
Ag = depth * Tw
T = applied tension, R = shear reaction
sigma = T / Ag
tau = R / Ag
(99) Horiz. brace interactive gusset stress:
theta = included angle between brace and support
T = applied brace tension, formula evaluated at each bm
sigma = T * sin(theta) / Ag
tau = T * cos(theta) / Ag
Load = maximum T to satisfy the yield criterion
(100) Not used
(101) Angle brace intersection gusset compression:
L = dim. from bolt to brace intersection point
See misc note 36 for the effective length factor K
Ag = b * t
Pn = Fy * Ag
J4.4
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Pn
(ASD) Axial load = Pn / OMEGA
For Kl/r > 25, chapter E provisions apply
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Fcr
(ASD) Axial load = Fcr / OMEGA
Page 36
(102) 'K' brace connection interactive gusset stress:
See design note #21.
Pp = brace force component parallel to support
Pn = brace force component normal to support
Eo = ecc. from C/L gusset to normal component
Ag = Thickness*Length
Sx = Thickness*Length^2/6
fv = SUM[Pp]/Ag
ft = SUM[Pn]/Ag+SUM[Pn*Eo]/Sx
(LRFD) Fv = PHI *.6 Fy, Ft = PHI * Fy; shear and tension yield
(ASD) Fv = .6 Fy/OMEGA, Ft = Fy/OMEGA; shear and tension yield
Axial load = largest force to satisfy: fv/Fv+ft/Ft <= 1
(103) 'K' brace connection combined weld stress:
(LRFD) Fr = PHI * Fw * .707 * eff_weld_size
(LRFD) Fr = Fw * .707/OMEGA * eff_weld_size
L = gusset plate length, weld length
Tot_weld = 2*L
Sx = 2*L^2/6
f1 = SUM[Pp]/Tot_weld,
f2 = SUM[Pn]/Tot_weld
f3 = SUM[Pn*Eo]/Sx
Axial load = largest force to satisfy:
SQRT[f1^2+(f2+f3)^2] <= Fr*Pl_factor
(104) Gusset plate stress on 'Whitmore' section:
Tension yield strength
S2 = spacing between outside bolt cols
Ws = Spa*(Row-1)*2*TAN(30)+S2
Rn = Fy*t*Ws
(LRFD)Axial load = PHI*Rn
(105) Gusset buckling stress on 'Whitmore' section:
Ws = Spa*(Row-1)*2*TAN(30)+g2
For effective length factor K, see misc note 37
Kl/r = K*Lb/(t/SQRT[12]), for a 1 inch wide strip
Pn = Fy * Ag
J4.4,
Ag = t * Ws
For Kl/r > 25, chapter E provisions apply
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Fcr
(ASD) Axial load = Fcr / OMEGA
(106) Gusset plate interactive stress:
(One brace connected to gusset, and gusset is
attached to one supporting member)
ecc = eccentricity from the C/L of the weld
T = applied brace tension
sigma = T * sin(theta) / Ag + T * cos( theta ) * ecc / Sx
tau = T * cos(theta) / Ag
Load = maximum T to satisfy the yield criterion
Page
(107) Gusset plate weld, eccentrically loaded fillets:
(Elastic method)
L = weld length
P = brace axial load
Ecc = eccentricity measured from C/L of weld
theta = angle between the weld axis and line of force
Rn = Fw * .707 * Eff_weld / Richard_factor
(LRFD) Fr = PHI * Rn * / Richard_factor
(ASD) Fr = Rn/OMEGA / Richard_factor
(if the eccentricity < .5, Richard_factor = 1.25
otherwise Richard_factor = 1.0)
Sx = 2 * L^2 / 6
f1 = P * COS(theta) / 2 / L, parallel to weld axis
f2 = P * SIN(theta) / 2 / L, perp. to weld axis
f3 = P * SIN(theta) * Ecc / Sx, perp. to weld axis
Axial load = largest value of P to satisfy:
f1^2 + (f2 + f3)^2 <= Fr^2
(108) Beam web yielding and crippling
Rn_yield = min strength from
Rn_cripp = min strength from
Rn = MIN[ Rn_yield, Rn_cripp
strength:
formulas (J10-2, -3)
formulas (J10-4, -5a, -5b)
]
(109) Beam net section moment strength, F13.1:

Fu * Afn >= Yt * Fy * Afg
Mn = Fy * Zx
Fu * Afn < Yt * Fy * Afg
Mn = Fu * Afn * Sx / Afg
Yt = 1.0 for Fy/Fu
= .8 otherwise
(LRFD) Moment = PHI * Mn
(ASD) Moment = Mn / OMEGA
(110) Bearing strength at bolt holes, without eccentricity:
Lc = Le - .5Dh
Rn_e from section J3.10
Lc = Spacing - Dh
Rn_i from section J3.10
(LRFD) Load = PHI(Rn_e * N_e + Rn_i * N_i) * Shear
(ASD) Load = (Rn_e * N_e + Rn_i * N_i) / OMEGA * Shear
(111) 'One side' clip angle weld design, L shaped weld:
C = weld group coefficient Table 8-10
D = number of sixteenths of an inch in weld size
Minimum support thickness:
(LRFD) Min_t = .707* PHI*Fw * Weld_size /(PHI*.6*Fy)
(ASD) Min_t = .707* Fw/OMEGA * Weld_size /(.6*Fy/OMEGA)
Factor = Support thickness / Min_t <= 1.0
Load = C * D * Cn_depth * Factor
37
Page
(112) Shear tab weld strength:
C = coefficient from Table 8-4, k = 0
Weld size = fillet leg for perp fillets
= eff weld throat / .707, for skew fillets
D = number of sixteenths in weld size
Fillet weld --Load = C * Cn_depth * D
(113) Column moment strength, 4- or 8-tension-bolt
extended end plate moment connection:
(LRFD Vol II AISC Pages 10-36 to 10-39)
Tw_c = Column web thickness
Fy_c = Column yield strength
Tf_c = Column flange thickness
k = Column 'k' distance
Depth_b = Beam depth
Tf_b = Beam flange thickness
Fy_b = Beam yield strength
Pf = Distance from top of beam flange to 1st bolt
Tp = End plate thickness
Pb = Bolt spacing
(8-bolt end plate only)
Col web yielding opposite bm comp flg --Intermediate column locations,
Rn = (6k + N + 2Tp) Fy Tw
Column-end locations,
Rn1 = (3k + N + 2Tp) Fy Tw
Column web buckling --Intermediate column locations,
Rn = 4100 Tw^3 * SQRT[Fy] / Dc
Column-end locations,
Rn2 = 4100 Tw^3 * SQRT[Fy] / (2 Dc)
Column flange bending at beam tension flg --Four bolt,
Alpha_m = 1.36(Pe/Db)^.25
Bs = 2.5 (2 * Pf + Tf_b)
Eight bolt, Alpha_m = 1.13 *(Pe/Db)^.25
Bs = 2.5Pf + Tf_b + 3.5Pb
Rn3 = Bs/(Alpha_m * Pe) Tf_c^2*Fy_c
(LRFD) Rn = PHI * MIN[Rn1, Rn2, Rn3]
(ASD) Rn = MIN[Rn1, Rn2, Rn3] / OMEGA
Moment = Rn * (Depth_b - Tf_b)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * (Depth_b - Tf_b)
(114) Not used
(115) Angle brace and gusset bearing strength:
Lc = Le - .5Dh
Rn_e from section J3.10
Lc = Spacing - Dh
Rn_i from section J3.10
(ASD) Load = (Rn_e * N_e + Rn_i * N_i) / OMEGA * Shear
38
Page 39
(116)'L' Shaped weld connecting a gusset to a
column and a base or cap plate:
(Elastic method)
Wx = Horiz. weld length, Wy = vert. weld length
Lw = Wx + Wy, total weld length
theta = Angle between brace and vertical
C_h, C_v = Horiz. or vert. dist from the C.G. of weld group
to the point of weld being checked
Ecc = Perp dist. from C.G. of weld group to line of force
Ip = polar moment inertia of the weld group
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
(LRFD) Fr = PHI * 2 * Rn
(ASD) Fr = 2 * Rn / OMEGA
Top end of the vert weld:
f1 = P(COS(theta)/Lw + ECc*C_h/Ip)
f2 = P(SIN(theta)/Lw + Ecc*C_v/Ip)
P1 = largest P to satisfy f1^2 + f2^2 <= Fr^2
End of horiz weld farthest from wp:
f1 = P(COS(theta)/Lw + Ecc*C_h/Ip)
f2 = P(SIN(theta)/Lw + Ecc*C_v/Ip)
P2 = largest P to satisfy f1^2 + f2^2 <= Fr^2
Axial load = MIN[P1, P2]
(117 thru 119) Not used
(120) Block shear strength for plate, C web or W web:
Avn = (Le - .5 * Dh + (Row -1)*(Spa - Dh)) * 2 * t
Avg = (Le + (Row -1)*Spa) * 2 * t
Cl_spa = Spacing between center cols.; an even number of columns
One column:
Ant = 0
Odd number of columns:
Ant = (Column - 1) * (Col_spa - Dh) * t
Even number of columns:
Ant = ((Column - 2)*(Col_spa - Dh)+(Cl_spa - Dh)) * t
Rn = Block shear strength (J4-5)
(Shear rupture + min of shear yield, shear rupture)
(ASD) Axial load = Rn / OMEGA
(121) Tee brace flange block shear strength
Anv = (Le - .5 * Dh + (Row -1)*(Spa - Dh)) * 2 * Tf
Agv = 2 * Tf * (Le + (Row - 1) * Spacing
At = (Bf - Flg_ga - Dh) * Tf
Rn = Block shear strength (J4-5)
(Shear rupture + min of shear yield, shear rupture)
(122) Tee or
Pn =
(LRFD)
(ASD)
channel brace gross area axial stress:

Fy * Ag,
sect D2
Axial load = PHI * Pn
Axial load = Pn / OMEGA
Page
40
(123) Tee or channel brace net section axial tension:

Deduct = 2 * Tf * Dh
(Tee)
Deduct = Column * Tw * Dh
(Channel)
Ant = Agt - Deduct
Ae = Ant * U;
U from table D3.1
Pn = Fu * Ae
Section D2
(124) Connection plate tension strength:
Pn_n = Fu * An,
Pn_g = Fy * Ag,
D2
Wg = b
Wn = b - (Column * Dh) <= .85 * Gross width
Ag = Wg * t
An = Wn * t
Pn = MIN[Pn_n, Pn_g]
(125) Beam flange CJP weld to column flange:
Sw = Connecting flange plate or column flange width at weld
(LRFD) M = PHI * Mp
(ASD) M = Mp / OMEGA
Moment = M * (Sw / Bf);
(Sw / Bf <= 1.0)
(126) Shear end plate, CJP weld to web:
Eff length = MIN[ Depth - 2k_dist, pl depth -.5 ]
Tension yield (LRFD) Fa = PHI * Fy;
(ASD) Fa = Fy/OMEGA
Shear yield
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * .6Fy; (ASD) Fv = .6Fy/OMEGA
Interaction fa/Fa + fv/Fv <=1
Load = (Eff length * Tw - axial load /Fa) * Fv
(127) Bending and buckling on gross section of an element:
Zx = t * d^2 / 4
Qs from (E7-4, -5, -6)
(LRFD) Fb = Qs * PHI * Fy
(ASD) Fb = Qs * Fy/OMEGA
Load = Fb * Zx / La
(128) Weld stress on two 'C' shaped fillet welds,
[], elastic method:
l = Vertical weld segment length
kl = Horizontal weld segment length
al = Distance between vertical weld segments
Weld_len = 2 * l + 4 * kl,
total length of weld
Term1 = 1 / Weld_len + .5 * La * al / Ip
Term2 = .5 * La * l / Ip
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
Load = SQRT[ Fr^2 / (Term1^2 + Term2^2) ]
Page 41
(129) Skew fillet welds, end plate shear connection:
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Rn = Fw * eff_throat
Spec J2.4
Min_web = Fr * Eff_throat /( PHI*.6*Fy) LRFD shear yield
Min_web = Fr * Eff_throat /( .6*Fy/OMEGA) ASD shear yield
Web_factor = MIN[Tw / Min_web,1]
Weld_len = Cn_depth - 2 * Weld_size
Load = Fr * Weld_len * Web_factor
(130 thru 137) Not used
(138) Threaded round bar tension stress:
Rn = Fnt * Ab, Fnt = .75*Fu, from table J3.2
(139) Not used
(140) Not used
(141) Turnbuckle strength:
AISC Manual table 15-5
(142) Clevis strength:
AISC Manual table 15-4
(143) Not used
(144) Brace gusset weld to beam flange:
(brace gusset lap welded to a beam flange)
theta = angle between brace and beam
Ecc = eccentricity from weld C.G. to line of brace force
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Fv = (LRFD) PHI * .6Fy, (ASD) .6Fy/OMEGA, shear yield,J4.2
Min_t = Fw * .707 * Weld_size /Fv
Pl_factor = MIN[ t / Min_t, 1 ]
(LRFD) Fr = PHI * Rn * Pl_factor
(ASD) Fr = (Rn / OMEGA) * Pl_factor
Ecc = 0:
Axial load = 2. * Fr * Weld_len
Ecc > 0:
Ix = Weld_len * SQR[.5 * Weld_spa] * 2.
Iy = Weld_len^3 / 6.
Ip = Ix + Iy
k = COS(theta) / 2. / Weld_len + Ecc * .5 * weld_spa / Ip
m = Ecc * .5 * Weld_len / Ip + SIN(theta) / 2. / Weld_len
Axial load = Fr / SQRT[ SQR[k] + SQR[m] ]
(145) Not used
(146) Weld
load
C =
D =
Load
stress - two parallel fillet welds,

not in plane of weld group:
coefficient from Table 8-5, angle = 0,
number of sixteenths in weld size
= C * Cn_depth * D
k = 0;
Page 42
(147) Vert Brace gusset to beam weld strength:
(See connection design notes for interface forces)
Elastic method
s_weld = SQR[ weld_length] / 3
(LRFD) Fr = .707 * PHI * Fw * Weld_size
(ASD) Fr = .707 * Fw/OMEGA * Weld_size
Fr = Fr / 1.25, 'Richard factor' page 7-122
min_pl = Fr * 2 * weld size / Fv, (Fv = pl shear yield J4.2)
when t < min_pl,
Fr = Fr * t / min_pl
f1 = Hb / ( 2 * weld_length )
f2 = Vb / ( 2 * weld_length ) + Mb / s_weld
fr = SQRT[ f1^2 + f2^2 ]
Axial load = Maximum value of P to satisfy fr <= Fr
(148) VB Gusset shear & ten. near beam flange:
Sx_pl = t * SQR[ pl_length ] / 6
a_pl = t * pl_length
f1 = Vb / a_pl + Mb / Sx_pl
f2 = Hb / a_pl
Fv = shear yielding J4.2, Ft = tension yielding J4.1
Axial load = Maximum value of P to satisfy:
f1 / Ft + f2 / Fv <= 1
(149) VB Beam web yielding under gusset PL:
eff_length = pl_length + 2.5 * K_dist
Zx_web = Tw * eff_length^2 / 4
a_web = Tw * eff_length
f_allow = (LRFD) PHI * Fy
J10.2
= (ASD) Fy/OMEGA
J10.2
f_bw = Vb / a_web + Mb / Zx_web
Axial load = Maximum value of P to satisfy f_bw <= f_allow
(150) Vert brace Clip L bolt brg.:
Elastic method
c = .5 * S * (Row - 1 )
ecc = dim. from face of Ls to CG of bolt group
Ix = Column * Row * S^2 * ( Row^2 -1)/12
Two bolt cols -Iy = Row * (.5 * S)^2 * 2
One bolt col -- Iy = 0
Ip = Ix + Iy
f1 = Vc / Row
f2 = Hc / Row + ecc * Vc * c / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ f1^2 + f2^2 ]
(LRFD) Axial load = Maximum value of P to satisfy Rv <= PHI*Rn
(ASD) Axial load = Maximum value of P to satisfy Rv <= Rn/OMEGA
(151) Vert brace Gusset clip L net shear:
Fv = (LRFD) PHI * 0.6 * Fu,
J4.2
= (ASD) 0.6 * Fu / OMEGA
Ft = (LRFD) PHI * Fu,
J4.1
= (ASD) Fu / OMEGA
An = (Cn_depth - row * Dh) * (ns_t + fs_t)
(See connection design notes for interface forces for how to
calculate the variable r from the Uniform Force Method)
OSL bolted to column/welded to gusset -Axial load = An * r * Fv / beta_actual
Leg bolted to gusset -K = ec / An + beta_actual * gage / Sx_net
Axial load (tension) = r / ( beta_actual / (Fv*An) + K / Ft )
Page
(152) VB Gusset clip L OSL stress, with prying:
a = osl - osl_ga, b = osl_ga - Tf
p = Cn_depth / Row, d' = Db + 1/8 in
max a = 1.25 * b
b' = b - .5 * Db
a' = a + .5 * Db
delta = 1 - d' / p
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
t = (1 + delta) * m / b'
Axial load = Max value of P to satisfy Hc <= 2 * t * Row
(153) Vert brace Gusset clip L OSL bolt shear:
Rn from J3.6 or J3.8:
Vc_allow = PHI*Rn*Row*Column*Shear
Axial load = Maximum value of P so that Vc <= Vc_allow
(154) VB Gusset clip L OSL bolt shear & ten interaction:
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * Rn, Rn from J3.7 or J3.8
Ft = PHI * Rn, Rn = Fnt from table J3.2
(ASD) Fv = Rn/OMEGA
Ft = Rn/OMEGA2
J3.7 & J3.9 interaction formulas apply
ft = {(Hc / Row / Column) + Q} / Ab
fv = Vc / Row / Column / Ab
Axial load = max value of P so that ft <= Ft & fv <= Fv
(155) VB Gusset clip L to gusset bolt shear:
Elastic method
(LRFD) Rv_allow = PHI * Rn,
Rn from J3.8 or J3.8
(ASD) Rv_allow = Rn/OMEGA,
Ix = ( Row * Spa^2 * ( Row^2 - 1 ) / 12 ) * Column
Iy = ( Column * Col_spa^2 * ( Column^2 - 1 ) / 12 ) * Row
Ip = Ix + Iy
c = .5 * Spa * ( Row - 1 )
f1 = Vc / Row / Column
f2 = Vc * Ecc * Col_spa / ( 2 * Ip ), if Column > 1
f2 = 0,
if Column = 1
f3 = Hc / Row / Column + Vc * Ecc * c / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + f3^2 ]
Axial load = Max value of P to satisfy Rv <= Rv_allow
(156) VB Gusset clip L to gusset weld stress:
Elastic method
a = clip L leg, k = horiz weld length
l = clip L length
w = l + k + k,
total weld length
Ip = (2 * k + l)^3 / 12. - k^2 * (k + l)^2 / (2 * k + l)
x = k^2 / w, loc of cg from vert weld line
f1 = Vc / w
f2 = Vc * ( k - x ) * ( a - x ) / Ip
f3 = Vc * ( a - x ) * .5 * l / Ip
f4 = Hc / w
fr = SQRT[ ( f1 + f2 )^2 + ( f3 + f4 )^2 ]
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Rn = Fw * .707 * Eff_weld
Spec J2.4
Axial load = Max value of P so that fr <= Fr
43
(157) VB Gusset clip L OSL bolt bearing:

LRFD:
P_allow_top = PHI*Rn*Column
P_allow_lower = PHI*Rn*(Row - 1)Column
ASD:
P_allow_top = Rn/OMEGA * Column
P_allow_lower = Rn/OMEGA * (Row - 1)Column
Rn is calculated using J4-10
Pallow = P_allow_top + P_allow_lower
Axial load = Max value of P so that Vc <= Pallow
Page
44
(158) Not used

(159) Wf brace, bearing on connection:
Lc_edge = Le - .5Dh
Lc_int = Spacing - Dh
Lc_int) and the appropriate connection thickness.
(LRFD) F = PHI * Rn_edge * N_e + PHI * Rn_int * N_i
(ASD) F = Rn_edge / OMEGA * N_e + Rn_int / OMEGA * N_i
= F evaluated using the web connection thickness
= F evaluated using the flange connection thickness
At = cross-sectional area,
Aw = tw * depth - 2 * tf
Af = bf * tf
(160) Wf brace, tension on net conn. area:
(Web splice PLs and flg. claw Ls)
An_web = 2 * t * MIN[ b - 2. * Dh, .85 * b]
Rn = Fu * Ae,
tensile rupture
(LRFD) Web_allow = PHI * Rn * An_web
(ASD) Web_allow = Rn/OMEGA * An_web
Wg_flg = L_leg + L_osl - L_thick
Wn_flg = Wg_flg - Dh
An_flg = 4 * L_thick * Wn_flg
Ae_flg = U * An_flg
(LRFD) Flg_allow = PHI * Rn * Ae_flg
(ASD) Flg_allow = Rn/OMEGA * Ae_flg
Af = bf * tf
P_total,web = Web_allow * At / Aw
P_total,flg = Flg_allow * At / (2*Af)
Tension = MIN[ P_total,web, P_total,flg ]
Page 45
(161) Wf brace, bolt bearing strength at gusset:
Lc_e = Le - .5Dh
Lc_i = Spacing - Dh
Lc_int) and t equals the gusset thickness.
(LRFD) F = PHI * ( Rn_e * N_e + Rn_i * N_i )
(ASD) F = ( Rn_e * N_e + Rn_i * N_i ) / OMEGA
= F evaluated using the edge distance of the web bolts
= F evaluated using the edge distance of the flange bolts
Af = bf * tf
(162) Wf brace, tension on net brace area:
Flange connection: Flg_deduct = Dh * Tf * 4
Web connection:
Web_deduct = Dh * Tw * 2
U from Table D3.1
An = Ag - Flg_deduct - Web_deduct
(LRFD) Tension = PHI * U * An * Fu
(ASD) Tension = U * An * Fu / OMEGA
(163) Intersecting gusset gross area:
(WF brace, web horiz. both flgs bolted to gusset)
Ag = 2 * Width * Thick
Tension yield
Ru = Fy * Ag,
J4.1
(LRFD) Axial tension = PHI * Ru
(ASD) Axial tension = Ru/OMEGA
(164) Wf brace, tension on net conn. area:
(Web Channel, no flange connection)
An = Ag_c - ( Dh * Tw_c * Web_col )
Ae = U * An * 2
Pn = Fu * Ae
tension rupture (D2-2)
(LRFD) Tension = PHI * Pn
(ASD) Tension = Pn / OMEGA
Page 46
(165)'L' Shaped weld, brace gusset to a
column and base (or cap) Pl:
(Uniform force method, with both
interfaces equally stiff, Vol II pg 7-109)
Brace W.P. at bottom of base plate.
v = weld length to col, h = weld length to Pl
theta = angle between brace and col
ec = ecc. at col, eb = ecc. at base Pl
Alpha_bar = .5 * h,
Beta_bar = .5 * v
K = eb * TAN(theta) - ec
K_prime = Alpha_bar * ( TAN(theta) + Alpha_bar / beta_bar )
D = SQR[TAN(theta)] + SQR[Alpha_bar / Beta_bar ]
term1 = SQR[ Alpha_bar / Beta_bar ]
Alpha = ( K_prime * TAN(theta) + K * term1 ) / D
Beta = ( K_prime - K * TAN(theta) ) / D
delta_alpha = Alpha_bar - Alpha
delta_beta = beta_bar - Beta
r = SQRT[ ( Alpha + ec )^2 + ( Beta + eb )^2]
Hb = Alpha*P/r, Vb = eb*P/r, Mb = Vb*delta_alpha
Vc = Beta*P/r,
Hc = ec*P/r, Mc = Hc*delta_beta
top end of vert weld:
f1 = Vc / v
f2 = Hc / v + Mc / Sx_v
toe end of horiz weld:
f1 = Vb / h + Mb / Sx_h
f2 = Hb / h
fr = SQRT[ f1^2 + f2^2 ]
(LRFD) Fr = PHI*.707 * Fw * weld size
(ASD) Fr = .707 * Fw/OMEGA * weld size
Axial load = largest value of P so that fr <= Fr
(166) Gusset shear, horiz. brace gusset to two bms:
Rn = min of gross area shear yield/net area shear rupture J4.1
Shear resistance at beam1:
(LRFD) sr1 = PHI*Rn1
(ASD) sr1 = Rn1/OMEGA
Shear resistance at beam2:
(LRFD) sr2 = PHI*Rn2
(ASD) sr2 = Rn2/OMEGA
(theta = angle between the brace and beam2)
Axial load = MIN[ sr1/SIN(theta), sr2/COS(theta)]
(167) Gusset stress at cope, horiz. brace gusset
connecting to two beams:
theta = the angle between brace and bm 1
At beam 1:
tau = P * cos(theta) / (b * t ), Sx = t*b^2 / 6
sigma = P * cos(theta) * ecc / Sx
P1 = max P to satisfy the yield criterion
At beam 2:
tau = P* sin(theta) / (b * t ), Sx = t*b^2 / 6
sigma = P * sin(theta) * ecc / Sx
P2 = max P to satisfy the yield criterion
Axial load = MIN[ P1, P2]
(168) Bolt shear strength at beam connections, horizontal:

brace gusset connected to two beams:
See formula (3) for Rv
Page
47
Gusset PL to beam flange bolts -p1 = Rv * Row1,

at beam 1
p1 = Rv * Row2,
at beam 2
Gusset PL to
eccentricity
p1 = Rv *
p2 = Rv *
clip angle bolts -= dist from bolt line to face of bm web

C
at beam 1
C
at beam 2
theta = plane angle between the brace and beam 2

Axial load = MIN[ p2/cos(theta), p1/sin(theta)
(169) Interactive beam web strength, clip L with applied tension load:
Coped top and bottom, N = 0
Coped top or bottom, N = 1
Un-coped,
N = 2
Vertical load capacity:
If welded: Agt = Ant = N * tw * conn_width
Agv = Anv = tw * conn_depth
Ubs = 1.0
If bolted: Agt = N * tw * (end_dist + col_spa * (column - 1))
Ant = Agt - N * tw * (column - 0.5) * Dh
Agv = tw * (row - 1) * spacing
Anv = tw * (row - 1) * (spacing - Dh)
Ubs = 0.5 if column > 1
= 1.0 if column = 1
Calculate Rbs_v using (J4-5)
Horizontal load capacity:
If welded: Agt = Ant = tw * conn_depth
Agv = Anv = N * tw * conn_width
Ubs = 1.0
If bolted: Agt = tw * (row - 1) * spacing
Ant = tw * (row - 1) * (spacing - Dh)
Agv = N * tw * (end_dist + col_spa * (column - 1))
Anv = Agt - N * tw * (column - 0.5) * Dh
Ubs = 1.0
Calculate Rbs_h using (J4-5)
Elliptical interaction: (V/Rbs_v)^2 + (T/Rbs_h)^2 <= 1
where T = applied tension
Load = V
(170) Splice plate rupture thru net section:
D = Cn_depth,
n = Row,
b = Spa
Sx_net = t*D^2/6-b^2*n(n^2-1)t(Dh)/6D
AISC Pg 4-88
La
= Setback+Lh+.5*Spa(Column-1)
(LRFD) Fb = PHI * Rn,
tension rupture J4.1
(ASD) Fb = Rn/OMEGA,
Load = Fb*Sx_net/La
(171) Col/Bm web local yielding under brace gusset:
(LRFD) Fp = PHI*Rn,
J10.2
(ASD) Fp = Rn/OMEGA
theta = included angle between brace & support
eff_web = guss_length + 5. * K_dist
eff_web_area = tw * eff_web
Sx_web = Tw * SQR[ eff_web ] / 6.
ecc = load eccentricity from c/l of gusset
Axial load = Fp / ( ecc/Sx_web + 1/eff_web_area)/SIN[theta]
Page 48
(172) Tension loaded end pl or clip L OSL -- gross shear:
(LRFD) Fv_allow = PHI*Rn,
Rn = shear yielding from J4.2
(ASD) Fv_allow = Rn/OMEGA
Fv_allow^2 = fv_shear^2 + fv_tension^2 )
Ag = Conn_depth * t * 2
K = SQR[ Fv ] - SQR[ ten_load / Ag ]
Load = SQRT[ K ] * Ag
(173) Tension loaded end pl or clip L OSL -- net shear:
(LRFD) Fv_allow = PHI*Rn,
Rn = shear rupture from J4.2
(ASD) Fv_allow = Rn/OMEGA
Fv_allow^2 = fv_shear^2 + fv_tension^2 )
An = (Conn_depth - Row * Dh) * t * 2
K = SQR[ Fv ] - SQR[ ten_load / An ]
Load = SQRT[ K ] * An
(174) Col. web local bending stress (axially loaded end pl or clip L):
(Tw, Depth & K_dist are column dimensions)
Moment at point of loads and ends, Table 3-23, case 16
c = Distance between the top & bot bolts
l = c + 12 * Tw; effective web length
For a 1 inch wide strip of web, with fixed ends:
Zx = SQR[Tw] / 4
L = Depth - 2*K_dist, a = .5(L - Gage)
Mp from section F2, Flexure
(LRFD) P = PHI*Mp * /Zx * L / a(L-a)
(ASD) P = Mp/OMEGA * /Zx * L / a(L-a)
Axial load = 2 * P * l
(175) Col/Bm web local bending stress, single brace gusset
welded to web with no member framing opposite:
Design of Welded Structures - Blodgett, pg 6.6-7
d = gusset_length, e = 12tw, Zx = SQR[Tw]/4.
L = depth - 2 * k_dist
Mp from section F2, Flexure
(LRFD) K = 8*Mp/OMEGA * Zx (d+e)/[L(1 + 6Ecc/(d+2e)]
(ASD) K = 8*PHI*Mp * Zx (d+e)/[L(1 + 6Ecc/(d+2e)]
theta = angle between brace and member
Axial load = K / SIN[theta]
(176) Supporting bm web local stress (axially loaded end pl or clip L:
a = bottom conn hole to toe of fillet
b = dist between top & bot conn holes
c = top conn hole to toe of filler
L = a + b + c
l = conn gage + 12 * tw, effective web width
M = moment on a 1 in. wide strip of web, length L
fixed ends, with a uniform load located over b
w = load, kips per inch, on length b
Zx = l * Tw^2 / 6
Mp = Fy*Zx
Section F2, flexure
(LRFD) w = largest load to satisfy M/Zx <= PHI*Mn
(ASD) w = largest load to satisfy M/Zx <= Mn/OMEGA
Axial load = w * l * b
(177) Column flange bending stress, tension
loaded clip L or end pl connection:
(AISC page 9-10)
p = Spacing
d'= Db + 1/16 (Db + 2 mm)
Delta = 1 - d' / p
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
section F2 flexure
(ASD)
M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
T = (1 + Delta) * M / b'
Tension = 2 * Row * T
Page
(178) HSS brace to gusset weld:
(Brace notched to fit over gusset)
AISC Manual J2.4
Ww = fillet weld size, We = Ww - 1/16
Aw =4(.707) We * Lw
Rn = Fw*Aw, Fw = .6 * Fexx
t1 = 1.06 * Fexx*Ww / Fy_plate, HSS Manual pg 6-28
when gusset pl thick < t1: Rn = Rn *t/t1
(179) HSS brace net area tension:
An = Ag - 2Tw * (Guss_thick + 1/8)
Ae = An * U
U = 1 - x_bar / L
Round HSS, x_bar = D / PI
Rect. HSS, x_bar = (B^2 + 2BH)/4(B+H)
where: H = tube dim parallel to gusset
B = tube dim perp to gusset
Pn = Fu * Ae,
D3
(ASD) Axial load = Pn/OMEGA
(180) HSS brace gross area:
Pn = Fy * Ag,
D2
(ASD) Axial load = Pn/OMEGA
(181) HSS brace gusset block shear (brace welded to gusset):
Agv = 2. * weld length * t
Agt = brace width * t
Rn = block shear strength, J4.3
(ASD) Axial load = Rn/OMEA
(182) HSS brace tearout (brace welded to gusset):
Ag = 4 * weld_len * Tw
Shear yield Rn = .6 * Fy * Ag,
J4.2
(183) Perp. to bm. horiz. L brace gusset block shear:
One column:
J4.3
Two columns:
Minimum of
Rn = block
(LRFD) Axial
(ASD)
Axial
L shaped and [ shaped failure pattern

shear strength,
J4.3
load = PHI * Rn
load = Rn/OMEGA
49
(184) Perp. to bm. horiz. Tee brace gusset block shear:

Minimum of
Straight line net area
[ shaped failure pattern
J4.3
(ASD)
Axial load = Rn/OMEGA
Page
(185) Beam web local bending stress, single brace gusset:

welded to web with no member framing opposite:
d = gusset_length, e = 12 * tw, Zx = SQR[tw]/4
a = dim from edge of web to c/l of gusset
b = dim c/l of gusset to opposite edge of web
l = a + b,
beam 'T' dimension
theta = angle between brace and beam
K = 1/(d + e) * (1 + 6*ecc/( d + 2*e))
(LRFD) Fb = PHI * Fy * Zx,
F2
(LRFD) Fb = Fy * Zx / OMEGA,
F2
Moment at point of loads and ends, Table 3-23, case 16
p1 = l^3
p2 = l^2
p3 = l^2
Axial load
*
*
*
=
Fb * Zx / ( 2. * sqr(a) * sqr(b)) / K
Fb * Zx / (a * b^2) / K
Fb * Zx / (b * a^2) / K
MIN[p1,p2,p2]/SIN[theta]
(186) Clip L to gusset weld stress:

(See connection design notes for UFM interface forces)
ecc = dist from heel of angle to bolt line
f_pa = force parallel to angle's longitudinal axis
f_pr = force perpendicular to angle's longitudinal axis
len = weld length, b = clip length, d = clip leg - setback
Ip = polar moment of inertia of the weld
= 2 * [ len^3 / 12 - d^2 * (b + d)^2 / len ]
ybar = d^2 / len
ecc = clip leg - ybar
Brace connecting to a col & beam:
At beam: f_pa = Hb, f_pr = Vb, Mom = Mb
At column: f_pa = Vc, f_pr = Hc, Mom = Mc
total_m = Mom + f_pa*ecc
f1 = f_pa / (2 * len) + total_m * (d - ybar) / Ip
f2 = f_pr / (2 * len) + total_m * (.5 * b) / Ip
Rv = SQRT( f1^2 + f2^2 )
Rn of effective weld from Table J2.5
(LRFD) Axial load = maximum P to satisfy Rv <= PHI*Rn
(ASD) Axial load = maximum P to satisfy Rv <= Rn/OMEGA
(187) Clip L to gusset bolt shear:
nb = number of bolts
Ip = polar moment of inertia of bolt group
f1 = f_pa/nb + total_m * (column - 1)*col_spa * .5/Ip
f2 = f_pr/nb + total_m * (row - 1)*spacing * .5/ Ip
Rv = SQRT( f1^2 + f2^2 )
Rn from J3.8 and J3.8
50
Page
(188) Clip L to gusset bolt bearing:
nb = number of bolts
Ip = polar moment of inertia of bolt group
f1 = f_pa/nb + total_m * (column - 1)*col_spa * .5/Ip
f2 = f_pr/nb + total_m * (row - 1)*spacing * .5/ Ip
Rv = SQRT( f1^2 + f2^2 )
Rn from Spec J3.10)
51
(189) Clip L to gusset net shear

Calculate UFM forces assuming a unit load
An = (Conn depth - Row * Dh) * (thick_NS + thick_FS)
Clip leg bolted to gusset plate:
thick = thick_NS + thick_FS
Sx = thick * Conn depth^2 / 6
Sx_net = Sx - Spa^2 * Row * (Row^2 - 1) * thick * Dh / 6 / Conn depth
R = SQRT[ (calc_alpha + ec)^2 + (calc_beta + eb) ]
(LRFD) Ft = PHI * Fu, Fv = PHI * .6 * Fu
(ASD) Ft = Fu / OMEGA, Fv = .6 * Fu / OMEGA
At beam: k1 = calc_alpha / An
k2 = eb / An + calc_alpha * ecc / Sx_net
k3 = eb * abs(alpha_actual - calc_alpha) / Sx_net
At column: k1 = calc_beta / An
k2 = ec / An + calc_beta * ecc / Sx_net
k3 = ec * abs(beta_actual - calc_beta) / Sx_net
Axial load = R / (k1 / Fv + k2 / Ft + k3 / Ft)
Clip OSL bolted to support
(LRFD) Rv = PHI * 0.6 * Fu * An
(ASD) Rv = 0.6 * Fu * An / OMEGA
Axial load = maximum P to satisfy Vc <= Rv
Page 52
(190) Clip L to support bolt shear and tension:
(If there are 4 columns of bolts, only the 2 inside columns
are effective for tension.)
Q = prying force
Ab = bolt cross-sectional area
Ix = moment of inertia of the inside bolt columns
= (Row * Spa^2 * (Row^2 - 1) / 12) * 2
Sx = 2 * Ix / (Spa * (Row - 1))
ft = applied tensile stress
= (f_pr / Row / 2 + Q) / Ab + Mom / Sx / Ab
fv = applied shear stress
= f_pa / (Row * Column * Ab)
Calculate the allowable tensile stress, F'nt, given fv and
the allowable shear stress, F'nv, given ft using formula
(J3-3a) for LRFD or (J3-3b) for ASD.
Axial load = maximum P to satisfy ft <= F'nt and fv <= F'nv
(191) Clip L bending stress and prying
(If there are 4 columns of bolts, only the 2 inside columns
are effective for tension.)
Calculate the allowable tension on a bolt:
Ix = moment of inertia of the inside bolt columns
= Row * Spa^2 * (Row^2 - 1) * Column / 12
Sx = Ix / (Spa * (Row - 1))
a = osl - osl_ga,
b = osl_ga - .5 * angle thick
p = Conn_depth / Row,
d' = Db + 1/8 in
max a = 1.25 * b
b' = b - .5 * Db
a' = a + .5 * Db
delta = 1 - d' / p
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
t_allow = (1 + delta) * m / b'
Calculate the actual tension on a bolt for a given P:
At beam: f_pr = Vb, Mom = Mb
At column: f_pr = Hc, Mom = Mc
t_direct per bolt = f_pr / Row / Column
t_bending per bolt = Mom / Sx
t_total = t_direct + t_bending
Axial load = maximum P such that total_t <= t_allow
(192) Clip L to support bolt bearing
At beam: f_pa = Hb
At column: f_pa = Vc
Calculate Rn_e and Rn_i (for edge and interior bolts) using
section J3.10.
(LRFD) V_allow = PHI * (Rn_e + Rn_i * (Row - 1)) * Column * Shear
(ASD) V_allow = (Rn_e + Rn_i * (Row - 1)) * Column * Shear / OMEGA
Axial load = maximum P such that f_pa <= V_allow
(193) Wf brace net or gross area stress:

(Both flanges bolted to gusset)
Ag = Bf * Tf * 2 + (Depth - 2 Tf)*Tw
An = Ag - Tf * Dh * 2 * Column
Rn = Fu * U * An, tension rupture J4.1
Page
53
(194) Wf brace net brace block shear:

(Both flanges bolted to gusset)
Ant = 2Tf * (Bf - Gage - 2 * Sec_gage - Dh )
Anv = 4*Tf*(S(Row - 1) + End_edge - Dh(Row - .5))
Agv = 4*Tf*(S(Row-1) + End_edge)
(195) Guss plate block shear:
(WF brace, both flanges bolted to gusset)
Ant = (Gage + 2 * Sec_gage) - Dh * (Column -1)
Ant = t * Ant * 2
Anv = S * (Row - 1) + End_edge - Dh * (Row - .5)
Anv = Anv * t * 4
Agv = t * 4 *(Spacing*(Row-1) + End_edge)
(196) Intersecting gusset net area:
(WF brace, web horiz. both flgs bolted to gusset)
Ag = 2 * Width * Thick
An = 2(Width - Column * Dh) * Thick <= .85Ag
Tension rupture
Ru = Fu * An,
J4.1
(LRFD) Axial tension = PHI * Ru
(ASD) Axial tension = Ru/OMEGA
(197) Gusset clip L stress, leg to gusset:
(WF brace, both flgs bolted to gusset)
Sx = Angle_thick * SQR[Angle_length]/6
Area = Angle_length * Angle_thick
J4.1 shear and tension yield
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * .6Fy, shear yield; Ft = PHI * Fy, tension yield
(ASD) Fv = .6Fy/OMEGA, shear yield; Ft = Fy/OMEGA, tension yield
(fv/Fv + ft/Ft <= 1)
K = SIN(theta) / Area + Ecc * SIN(theta)/Sx
P = 1. / ( COS(Phi)/(Area * Fv) + K / Ft)
Axial load = 2P
(198) Gusset clip L stress, leg to bm/col flange:
Oh = dim from toe of sprtg. flng to heel of angle
A = Angle_length * Angle_thick
Sx = Angle_thick * SQR[Angle_length] / 6
(LRFD) Fb = PHI * Fy,
Fv = PHI* .6Fy
(ASD) Fb = Fy/OMEGA, Fv = .6Fy/OMEGA
T1 = Sx * Fb / ( SIN[theta] * Oh )
K = SQR[SIN(theta) / A] + SQR[COS(theta) / A])
T2 = SQRT[ SQR[ Fv] / K ]
Axial load = 2 * MIN[T1, T2]
(199) Gusset to clip L weld stress:

Tl = 2. * angle_length
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
k = SQR[ COS[theta] / Tl] + SQR[SIN[theta] / Tl]
p = SQRT[ SQR[Fr] / k ]
Axial load = 2 p
Page
(200) WF brace, web horiz, weld stress, angle

connection to supporting member:
theta = angle between brace and support
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
L = weld length, Sx = 2 * L^2 / 6
K = ecc * SIN(theta) / Sx + SIN(theta) / 2L
Axial load = 2SQRT[Fr^2 /(COS(Theta)/2L)^2 + K^2]
(201) Shear tee shop bolts, with eccentricity:
J3.7 & J3.9 interaction formulas apply
Applied tension = P * Ecc / Sx of bolt group
Ecc = Dist. from flg of tee to C.G. of bolt group in stem
ft = (Applied tension + Q) / Ab
fv = P / (Row*Column*Ab)
(LRFD) Fv = PHI*Rn;
(ASD) Fv = Rn/OMEGA;
Load = max value of P for ft <= PHI*Ft & fv <= Fv
(202) Bolt bearing, skew End PL, axial load:
theta = angle between beam axis and perp. to conn.
F = MAX[ Axial ten., Axial compr. ]
(LRFD) Rv = PHI*Rn,
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA
Rn_ is calculated using J3.10
K = SQRT [SQR[PHI*Rv_edge] - SQR[ F*SIN[theta] ]]
M = SQRT [SQR[PHI*Rv_int] - SQR[ F*SIN[theta] ]]
Load = (K + M * (Row-1)) * Column
(203) Net PL stress, axially loaded shr tab:
fv/Fv + ft/Ft <= 1
(LRFD) Shear rupture
Fv = PHI * Rn, J4.2
Tension rupture Ft = PHI * Rn, J4.1
(ASD) Shear rupture
Fv = Rn/OMEGA, J4.2
Tension rupture Ft = Rn/OMEGA, J4.1
k = 1. / (Fv * An ) + Eb / ( Ft * Sx_net)
Load = ( 1. - Axial load / (Ft * An) ) / k
54
(204) Bolt shear, shr tab with axial load:

Nb = number of bolts,
row * column
c = .5 * Spacing * (Row - 1)
P = vertical reaction
r1 = Axial load / Nb + P * eb * c / Ip bolt group
r2 = P / Nb + P * eb * .5 * col_spa / Ip bolt group
(LRFD) Rv_allow = PHI*Rn;
Rn from J3.6, J3.8
(ASD) Rv_allow = Rn/OMEGA; Rn from J3.6, J3.8
Load = largest P to satisfy:
SQRT[ SQR[r1] + SQR[r2] ] <= Rv_allow
Page
55
(205) Bolt bearing, shr tab with axial load:

Nb = number of bolts,
row * column
c = .5 * Spacing * (Row - 1)
P = vertical reaction
r1 = Axial load / Nb + P * eb * c / Ip bolt group
r2 = P / Nb + P * eb * .5 * col_spa / Ip bolt group
(LRFD) Rv = PHI*Rn,
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA
Load = largest P to satisfy:
SQRT[ SQR[r1] + SQR[r2] ] <= Rv
(206) Net area tension, shr tab with axial load:
Axial tension:
Ant = t*(Cn_depth - Row * Dh), net width <= .85*Cn_depth
Rn1 = Fy*Ag, tension yield
F4.1
Rn2 = Fu*Ae, tension rupture
F4.1
(LRFD) Rn = MIN[ PHI*Rn1, PHI*Rn2
(ASD) Rn = MIN[ Rn1/OMEGA, Rn2/OMEGA
Block shear rupture:
Ant = t *(spacing-dh)*(Row-1)
Agv = t * 2 * Lh
Anv = t * 2 * (Lh-.5Dh
Rbs = PHI*Rn,
block shear strength, J4.3
Rbs = Rn/OMEGA
Axial load = MIN[ Rn, Rbs ]
(207) W Column splice, flange Pl bolt shear:
N = number of bolts on one side of splice
(LRFD) Rv_allow = PHI*Rn,
Rn from J3.6, J3.8
(ASD) Rv_allow = PHI*Rn,
Rn from J3.6, J3.8
kmf = fraction of moment carried by flanges = 1 - I_web / Ix
Flange_mom = N * Rv_allow * Depth
For axial tension reduce moment by: Flg_ten * Depth
where Flg_ten = the flange portion of the tensile force
Moment = Flange_mom / kmf
(increase limited by web conn's gross moment capacity)
Page 56
(208) W Column splice, flange Pl net/gross area:
net_w = Pl_w - 2 * dh <= .85 * Pl_w
An = t * net_w, Ag = t * Pl_w
tension yielding Rn, J4.1;
tension rupture Rn J4.1
compression Pn
J4.4
LRFD:
F = MIN[ PHI*Rn_yield - Flg_ten,
PHI*Rn_rupture - Flg_ten,
PHI*Pn - Flg_comp ]
ASD:
F = MIN[ Rn_yield/OMEGA - Flg_ten,
Rn_rupture/OMEGA - Flg_ten,
Pn/OMEGA - Flg_comp ]
La = D_column + t
Flange_mom = F * La
(209) W Column splice, bolt brg on flange Pl:
N_e = number of edge bolts, one side of splice
N_i = number of interior bolts, one side of splice
La = D_column + t
Flange_mom = PHI * ( Rn_e*N_e + Rn_i*N_i ) * La
For axial tension reduce moment by: Flg_ten * La
(210) W Column splice bolt brg on flange:
N = number of bolts on one side of splice
La = D_column - Tf
Flange_mom = PHI * ( Rn_e*N_e + Rn_i*N_i ) * La
For axial tension reduce moment by: Flg_ten * La
(211) W net section allowable moment with axial tension:
Afg = Bf * Tf
Afn = (Bf - 2 * Dh) * Tf
Mn from F2 or F13.1
(LRFD) Moment = (PHI*Mn
(ASD) Moment = (Mn/OMEGA
Page
(212) Beam moment connection PL to column flange weld:
Fillet weld -Fw = .6Fexx(1.0 + .5 Sin^1.5(Theta))
(J2.5)
Theta = 90 degrees
Eff_weld = PHI*Fy * t/(.707 * 2 * PHI * Fw * Factor)
<= actual fillet size
Aw = .707 * weld leg * weld length
Rn = Fw * Aw
(LRFD) f = PHI * Rn
(ASD) f = Rn/OMEGA
CJP weld -Ag = t * flg width
Rn = Fy*Ag, tension yield, J4.1
(LRFD) f = PHI * Rn
(ASD) f = Rn/OMEGA
57
Moment = f * (D + t)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(D+t)
(213) Extended clip L, supported mbr web bolt shear:
Eccentricity considered --- Elastic method
AISC Manual, 8th ed, page 4-58
n = Row - 1, bolt is skipped on 1 row
C = vert dist from bolt group n/a to extreme bolt
t1 = SQR[ La_x * C / Ip ]
t2 = (1/(Column*n) + La*Col_spa/(2*Ip))^2
J3.6, J3.8
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA * Shear,
J3.6, J3.8
Load = SQRT[ SQR[Rv]/(t1 + t2)]
(214) Extended clip L, supported mbr web bolt bearing:
Eccentricity considered --- Elastic
method AISC Manual, 8th ed, page 4-58
n = Row - 1, bolt is skipped on 1 row
C = vert dist from bolt group n/a to extreme bolt
t1 = SQR[ La_x * C / Ip ]
t2 = 1/(Column*n) + La*Col_spa/(2*Ip)
t2 = SQR[ t2 ]
J3.10
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA * Shear,
J3.10
Load = SQRT[ SQR[Rv]/(t1 + t2)]
(215) HSS brace gusset Whitmore area yield stress:
delta = Weld_len * TAN(30)
Ws = H + 2*delta
Rn = Fy * Ag,
Ag = t * Ws, tension yield J4.1
(LRFD) Axial Load = PHI * Rn
(ASD) Axial Load = Rn/OMEGA
(216) HSS brace gusset plate buckling stress:
Brace field welded to gusset:
Ws = H + 2*delta
H = HSS dim parallel to the gusset
Fcr from E7, see misc note 36 for eff. length factor K
Ag = Ws * t
Pn = Fcr * Ag,
(E7-1)
(LRFD) Axial Load = PHI * Pn
(ASD) Axial Load = Pn/OMEGA
(217) HSS brace gusset gross area ten. stress:

Ws = H + 2*delta
Ag = t * Ws
Rn = Fy*Ag,
tension yhield, J4.1
Page
(218) HSS brace intersection gusset gross area compr. stress:

Ws = H + 2*delta <= gusset width
Ag = Ws * t
Fcr from E7, see misc note 36 for eff. length factor K
Pn = Fcr * Ag,
(E7-1)
(LRFD) Axial Load = PHI * Pn
(ASD) Axial Load = Pn/OMEGA
(219) Not used
(220) Not used
(221) Starred L brace gusset PL stress:
Ag = t * b
Net_width = b - Column * Dh + add <= .85 b
Two cols, add = 0.;
4 cols, add = 2 * S_g
Ae = t * Net_width
Rn1 = Fy * Ag,
tension yield,
J4.1
Rn2 = Fu * Ae,
tension rupture
(LRFD) Axial load = MIN[ PHI * Rn1, PHI * Rn2 ]
(ASD ) Axial load = MIN[ Rn1/OMEGA, Rn2/OMEGA ]
(222) Vert brace gusset clip angle leg gross stress:
ft/Ft + fv/Fv <= 1
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * Rn, shear yield J4.2
(LRFD) Ft = PHI * Rn, tension yield J4.1
(ASD)
Fv = Rn/OMEGA, shear yield J4.2
(ASD)
Ft = Rn/OMEGA, tension yield J4.1
k = ec / Ft + beta / Fv
Axial load = r * Ag / k
(223) Not used
(224) Wide flange vert. brace claw angle block shear:
Ant = 4*t(Angle leg - g - .5 * Dh)
(At checked for each angle leg)
Anv = 4*t(Spa * (Row - 1 ) + Le - (Row - .5) * Dh)
(At checked for each angle leg)
Agv = 4*t(Spa * (Row - 1 ) + Le
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Rn * A / Af
(ASD) Axial load = Rn/OMEGA * Rn * A / Af
(225) Wide flange vert. brace web lap plate block shear:
Ant = 2 * t MIN[ Col_spa - Dh, Wg - Col_spa - Dh ]
Anv = 4 * t(Spa(Row - 1 ) + Le - (Row - .5)Dh)
Agv = 4 * t(Spa(Row - 1 ) + Le )
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Rn * A / Aw
(ASD) Axial load = Rn/OMEGA * A / Aw
58
(226) Wide flange vert. brace web channel block shear:

Ant = (Col_spa - Dh) * Tw * 2
Anv = 4*Tw(Spa * (Row-1) + Le - (Row - .5) * Dh )
Agv = 4*Tw(Spa * (Row-1) + Le )
Page
(227) HSS brace, welded Pl Tee ftg., tee stem to cap Pl weld:
Fw = .6Fexx*(1 + .5 SIN(90)^1.5)
Eff throat = PHI * Fy * t / (2 * Fw)
<= .707 * Weld leg size
Rn = Fw * Eff weld throat
(ASD) Fr = Rn/OMEGA
Axial load = Fr * 2. * Stem Pl width
(228) HSS brace, welded Pl Tee ftg., tee stem block shear:
One column of bolts:
Ant = t(L_eh - .5 * Dh)
Anv = t(Le + S*(Row - 1) - (Row - .5)Dh)
Anv = t(Le + S*(Row - 1))
Odd number of columns of bolts greater than 1:
Ant = t(S_col - Dh) * (Column - 1)
Anv = 2t(Le + S*(Row - 1) - (Row - .5)Dh)
Anv = 2t(Le + S*(Row - 1))
Even number of column of bolts:
Ant = MIN[ t(S_col - Dh) * (Column - 1),
t((W - S_col) - (Column - 1)*Dh)]
Anv = 2t(Le + S*(Row - 1) - (Row - .5)Dh)
Anv = 2t(Le + S*(Row - 1))
Rn from J4.3
(229) HSS brace, welded Pl Tee ftg., cap PL to tube weld:
Fw = .6Fexx(1 + .5 SIN(90)^1.5)
Rn = Fw * Eff_throat * L
L = 2(5Tc + Ts + 2Ws)
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Fw
(ASD) Axial load = Fw/OMEGA
(230) HSS brace, welded Pl Tee ftg., guss. or tee stem buckling:
Fcr from E22
See misc note 36 for effective length factor K
Ecc = (T_gusset + Ts) /2
Ew = Stem pl width; (stem pl width + 1 for guss Pl)
Zx = Ew * SQR[t] / 4
Mn = Fy * Zx
Pn = Fcr * Ag
Mu = Pu * .5 * Ecc
Axial load = Largest value of Pu to satisfy
AISC equations (H1-1a) & (H1-1b)
(231) HSS brace, welded Pl Tee ftg., cap plate shear:
PHI = .75
U = Ts + 2Ws
(LRFD) Rn_1 = PHI * Rn,
shear rupture
J4.2
Rn_2 = PHI * Rn,
(ASD) Rn_1 = Rn/OMEGA,
shear rupture
J4.2
Rn_2 = Rn/OMEGA,
Axial Load = 2(Ws*Tc * Rn_1 + Tw_hss * U * Rn_2
(232) HSS brace, welded Pl tee ftg., tube wall strength:
Ws = stem to cap pl weld leg size
B = width of HSS wall loaded by the tee stem
Ae = 2Tw(5*Tc + Ts + 2Ws) <= 2*B*Tw
Rn = local yielding, from (K1-14a)
59
Page
(233) VB Gusset - column flange stress, with prying:
a = .5*(Col flg ga - tw), b = clip gage - clip thick
p = Cn_depth / Row, d' = Db + 1/8 in
max a = 1.25 * b
b' = b - .5 * Db
a' = a + .5 * Db
delta = 1 - d' / p
(LRFD) m = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4., section F flexure
(ASD) m = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
t = (1 + delta) * m / b'
Axial load = Max value of P to satisfy Hc <= 2 * t * Row
60
(234) Beam splice with axial load and moment, web bolt shear:
n = number of web bolts
t = web portion of axial load
m = web portion of moment load
p = vertical load at splice
f1 = p/n + ( m + p*Ecc ) * ( Column - 1 ) * Col_spa * .5 / Ip
f2 = T/n + ( m + p*Ecc ) * ( Row - 1 ) * S * .5 / Ip
Rn from J3.6, J3.8
(LRFD)
Rv = PHI * Rn * shear
(ASD)
Rv = Rn/OMEGA * shear
Load = max p for SQRT[f1^2 + f2^2] <= Rv
(235) Beam/column splice with axial load, web bolt bearing:
n = number of web bolts
T = web portion of axial load
p = vertical load at splice
M = web portion of moment
rv_x = p/n + (M+p*Ecc)*(Column-1)Col_spa *.5 / Ip
rv_y = T/n + (M+p*Ecc)*(Row-1)*S *.5 / Ip
Rn_x and Rn_y are calculated using J3.10
(LRFD) Load = max p for (rv_x/(PHI*Rn_x))^2 + (rv_y/(PHI*Rn_y))^2 <= 1.0
(ASD) Load = max p for (rv_x/Rn_x/OMEGA)^2 + (rv_y/Rn_y/OMEGA)^2 <= 1.0
(236) Beam splice with axial load, web plate gross area stress:
Shear, axial interaction: fv/Fv + fa/Fa <= 1
T = web portion of tension force
C = web portion of compression force
(LRFD) Fv = PHI*Rn shear yield J4.2
Ft = PHI*Rn tension yield J4.1
Fc = PHI_c*Fcr
(ASD) Fv = Rn/OMEGA shear yield J4.2
Ft = Rn/OMEGA tension yield J4.1
Fc = Fcr/OMEGA
K=.65, l=dist between inside bolt cols.
for Fcr calculation.
Tension load check -tmp = 1/(Ag*Fv) + Ecc/(Sx*Ft)
Ru_t = (1 - T/(Ag*Ft) ) / tmp
Compression load check-tmp = 1/(Ag*Fv) + Ecc/(Sx*Fc)
Ru_c = (1 - C/(Ag*Fc) ) / tmp
Load = MIN[Ru_t, Ru_c]
Page
(237) Beam splice with axial load, web plate net area stress:
Shear, axial interaction: fv/Fv + fa/Fa <= 1
T = web portion of tension force
C = web portion of compression force
(LRFD) Fv = PHI*Rn shear rupture J4.2
Ft = PHI*Rn tension rupture J4.1
Fc = PHI_c*Fcr
(ASD) Fv = Rn/OMEGA shear rupture J4.2
Ft = Rn/OMEGA tension rupture J4.1
Fc = Fcr/OMEGA
K=.65, l = dist between inside bolt cols.
for Fcr calculation.
Tension load check -tmp = 1/(An*Fv) + Ecc/(Sx_net*Ft)
Ru_t = (1 - T/(An*Ft) ) / tmp
Compression load check-tmp = 1/(An*Fv) + Ecc/(Sx_net*Fc)
Ru_c = (1 - C/(An*Fc) ) / tmp
Load = MIN[Ru_t, Ru_c]
61
(238) Through plate weld to HSS column:

H = HSS dim parallel to thru plate
Ww = fillet weld leg size
Aw = .707 * Ww * weld length * 2
Rn = Fw * Aw
(LRFD) Ru = PHI * Rn;
(ASD) Ru = Rn/OMEGA
t1 = .58917 * Fexx * Ww / Fy_col
For t1 > Tw_col, Ru = Ru * Tw_col/t1
Load = Ru( H + Ew ) / H
(239) HSS wall compression yielding under cap pl:
(AISC specification formula (K1-14) )
If (5 * tp + lb) >= B
Rn = A * Fy
If (5 * tp + lb) < B
Rn = (5 * tp + lb) * Fy * t
lb = 2*k dist, for unstiffened W beams
= 2*stiff width + tw, for stiffened W beams
= 2 in., for joists
t = HSS wall thickness, tp = cap pl thick
B = HSS dimension perp to beam
(240) HSS wall compression crippling under cap pl:
(AISC specification formula (K1-15) )
Rn = .8 * t^2 (1 + 3(lb/.5B)(t/tp)^1.5 )sqrt(E*Fy (tp/t))
t = HSS wall thickness, tp = cap pl thickness
lb = 2*k dist, for unstiffened W beams
= 2*stiff width + tw, for stiffened W beams
= 2 in., for joists
Fy = yield strength of HSS
E = modulus of elasticity of the HSS
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Rn,
J10
(ASD) Load = PHI * Rn,
J10
(241) HSS cap PL flexural strength, compressive reaction:
(AISC Manual page 14-18)
Rn = (B * t1^2 / 4(Nr/2 + a - H/2))Fy_pl
t1 = cap pl thickness
Nr = bearing length of attached member
a = dist from HSS centroid to end of beam
H = HSS dimension parallel to beam
Page 62
(242) W brace, web horiz, support flg local bending stress:
theta = acute angle between brace and support member
Ecc = .5 * Brace depth - support mbr k1 dist.
Eff flg length = guss length + 2Ecc*Tan(30)
Zx = Eff flange length * Tf^2 / 4
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI*Mn * 2. / (Ecc * SIN(theta) ),
F11/1
(ASD) Axial load = Mn/OMEGA * 2. / (Ecc * SIN(theta) ),
F11/1
(243) W brace, web horiz, to bm & col, beam flg local bending:
Ecc = .5 * Brace depth - bm k1 dist.
Eff flg length = guss length + Ecc*Tan(30)
Zx = Eff flg length * Tf_bm^2 / 4
Axial load = Max P so that
(LRFD)
.5 * Vb * Ecc <= Mn = PHI*Mp,
F11.1
(ASD)
.5 * Vb * Ecc <= Mn = Mp/OMEGA, F11.1
(244) W brace, web horiz, to bm & col, column flg local bending:
Ecc = .5 * Brace depth - col k1 dist.
Eff flg length = guss width + 2*Ecc*Tan(30)
Zx = Eff flg length * Tf_col^2 / 4
Axial load = Max P so that:
(LRFD)
.5 * Hc * Ecc <= Mn = PHI*Mp,
F11.1
(ASD)
.5 * Hc * Ecc <= Mn = Mp/OMEGA,
F11.1
(245) W brace, web horz, to bm & col, guss gross stress at bm:
Eff guss length = conn angle length
ft = Vb / Agt + Mb / Sx
fv = Hb / Agv
(LRFD) Axial load = Max P so that ft/PHI*Rn + fv/PHI*Rn <=1
(ASD) Axial load = Max P so that ft/(Rn/OMEGA) + fv/(Rn/OMEGA) <=1
(246) W brace, web horz, to bm & col, guss gross stress at col:
Eff guss length = conn angle/bar length
ft = Hc / Agt + Mc / Sx
fv = Vc / Agv
(247) W brace, web horz, to bm & col, guss net stress at bm:
Eff guss length = conn angle length
ft = Vb / Ant + Mb / Sx_net
fv = Hb / Anv
(248) W brace, web horz, to bm & col, guss net stress at col:
Eff guss length = conn angle/bar length
ft = Hc / Ant + Mc / Sx_net
fv = Vc / Anv
(ASD) Axial load = Max P so that ft/(PHI/OMEGA) + fv/(Rn/OMEGA) <=1
(249) W brace, web horz, to bm & col, guss L OSL stress:
T_allow from angle failure mode including prying
N = number of bolts in connection
Clip angles at
T_applied =
Clip angles at
T_applied =
column -Hc / N + tension from moment

beam -Vb / N + tension from moment
(250) W brace, web horz, to bm & col, col/bm flg bending:

T_allow from flange failure mode including prying
AISC manual page 9-10,analysis for prying action.
Column flange -T_applied = Hc / N + tension from moment
Beam flange -T_applied = Vb / N + tension from moment
Axial load = Max P so that T_applied <= T_allow
Page
(251) W brace, web horz, to bm & col, clip L bolts to beam

or column -- combined tension and shear:
T_m = bolt tension from moment, Mb or Mc
At col: ft = (Hc / N + T_m + Q) / Ab
fv = (Vc / N * Ab )
At bm: ft = (Vb / N + T_m + Q) / Ab
fv = (Hb / N * Ab )
(LRFD) Axial load = Max P to that fv <= PHI*Fn from J3
(ASD) Axial load = Max P to that fv <= Fn/OMEGA from J3
(252) Shear end PL connection block shear:
Rn from J4.3
(LRFD) Load = PHI* Rn
(253) Clip L connection block shear:
Rn from J4.3,Block shear
Rn_ns = min value for Web leg & Osl
Rn_fs = min value fromWeb leg & Osl
(LRFD) Load = PHI(Rn_ns + Rn_fs)
(ASD) Load = (Rn_ns + Rn_fs) / OMEGA
(254) HSS brace, erection pin bending:
(Principal stress method)
Pin material Fy = 36 ksi
P = axial force in brace
L = ctr to ctr of HSS wall
tau = .5 * P / Ab
sigma = P * L / (4 * Sx)
See misc design note 33.......
(LRFD) Y = .9 * Fy
(ASD)
Y = Fy/1.67
Load = max value of P to satisfy:
Y^2 = sigma^2 + 3 * tau^2
(255) HSS brace, erection pin bearing, J8:
Rn1 = 1.8 * Fy_hss * Bdia * Tw * 2
Rn2 = 1.8 * Fy_pl * Bdia * t_pl
(LRFD) Load = MIN[ PHI*Rn1, PHI*Rn2 ]
(ASD) Load = MIN[ Rn1/OMEGA, Rn2/OMEGA ]
63
(256) HSS column wall yield line, at stiffened

plate or tee seat:
L = stiff. depth, W = Stiff. width
B = HSS width
PHI = .9,
e = .8 * W
OMEGA = 1.67,
e = .8 * W
f = 1/(B - .2L), g = (1 + .661B/L)
h = SQRT[ (B-.4L)(7B + .4L)]
m = B(B -.4L)/(4L), n = 2L + 2.56B
k = f( gh + m + n )
Rn = k * t^2 * Fy_col * L / (4e)
Page
64
(257) & (258) Not used

(259) Beam bolted moment conn., flange block shear:
Ga = Flg. gage;
N = number of bolt rows
S = Bolt spacing; Ed = flg end edge dist.
L shaped failure pattern,
Agv = 2*Tf((Row-1) * S + Ed)
Anv = 2*Tf((Row-1) * S + Ed - Dh(Row-.5))
Ant = Bf - (Ga - Dh )
Block shear J4.3
Rn from formula (J4-5)
(LRFD) Rbs = PHI*Rn
(ASD) Rbs = Rn/OMEGA
Moment = Rbs*(Depth - Tf)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff*(Depth-Tf)
(260) Col/Bm local web crippling under vert. brace gusset:
N = gusset length, ecc = eccentricity from gusset c/l
theta = angle between the brace and support
A_web = N * Tw
Sx_web = Tw * N * N / 6
Load applied at a distance >= d/2 from top of column,
Rn = 135 * Tw^2 * [ 1 + 3 * (N/d) * (Tw/Tf)^1.5 ] * SQRT[ Fy * Tf / Tw ]
Load applied at a dist. < d/2 from top of column,
N/d <= .2
Rn = 68 * Tw^2 * [ 1 + 3 * (N/d) * (Tw/Tf)^1.5 ] * SQRT[ Fy * Tf / Tw ]
N/d > .2
Rn = 68 * Tw^2 * [ 1 + ( 4 * N/d - .2 ) *
K = 1
Rn' =
(LRFD)
(ASD)
/ A_web + ecc / Sx_web

( Rn / A_web / K )
Axial load = PHI * Rn' / sin(theta)
Axial load = Rn' / sin(theta) / OMEGA
(Tw/Tf)^1.5 ] * SQRT[ Fy * Tf / Tw ]
Page 65
(261) Beam local web crippling under vert. brace gusset:
(Brace gusset connecting to a col and beam.)
Refer to misc connection design notes for interface forces.
N = gusset length
A_web = Tw * N,
Sx_web = Tw * N * N / 6
For N/d <= .2
Rn = 68 * Tw^2 * [ 1 + 3 * (N/D) * (Tw/Tf)^1.5 ] * SQRT[ Fy *Tf / Tw ]
For N/d > .2
Rn = 68 * Tw^2 * [ 1 + ( 4 * N/D - .2 ) * (Tw/Tf)^1.5 ] * SQRT[ Fy * Tf / Tw ]
(LRFD) Fp = PHI * Rn / A_web
(ASD) Fp = Rn / A_web / OMEGA
fp = Vb / A_web + Mb / Zx_web
Axial load = maximum P to satisfy fp <= Fp
(262) Not used
(263) HSS gross shear:
H = overall height
t = design wall thickness
h = H - 3t
Aw = 2 * H * t
(i) h/t <= 2.45 * SQRT[ E / Fy ]
Fn = .6 * Fy
(ii) h/t <= 3.07 * SQRT[ E / Fy ]
Fn = .6 * Fy * ( 2.45 * SQRT[ E / Fy ] / (h/t)
(iii) h/t <= 260
Fn = .458 * PI^2 * E / SQR[h/t]
(LRFD) Load = PHI * Fn * Aw
(ASD) Load = Fn * Aw / OMEGA
Page
(264) Concentrated transverse force on an HSS face:

b1 = width of the loaded plate
t1 or N = thickness of the loaded plate
t = HSS design wall thickness
B = overall HSS width
k = HSS outside corner radius
h = flat side of HSS wall, B - 2k
66
Round HSS
D = HSS diameter
Rn = Qf * 5.5 * Fy * t^2 / ( 1 - .81 * b1 / D )
(LRFD) F1 = PHI * Rn;
PHI = .9
(ASD) F1 = Rn / OMEGA;
OMEGA = 1.67
Rectangular HSS
Rn = 10 * Fy * t * b1 / ( B / t )
PHI = .95
(ASD) F1 = Rn / Omega;
OMEGA = 1.58
When b1 >= B - 2 * corner_radius
Web yielding
Rn = 2 * Fy * t * ( 5 * k + lb ),
= 2 * Fy * t * ( 2.5 * k + lb );
PHI = 1
OMEGA = 1.5
or
at end of HSS
Web crippling
Rn = 1.6 * t^2 * [ 1 + 3 * lb / h ] * SQRT[ E * Fy ]
PHI = .75
OMEGA = 1.5
When .85 * B < b1 < B - 2t:
bep = 10 * b1 / ( B / t ) <= b1
Rn = .6 * Fy * t * ( 2 * t1 + 2 * bep )
PHI = .75
OMEGA = 2
Load = MIN[ F1, F2, F3, F4 ]
(265) Concentrated longitudinal force on an HSS face:

tp = loaded plate thickness
lb = length of the loaded plate
t = HSS design wall thickness
B = overall HSS width
D = round HSS outside diameter
Page
Round HSS
Rn = Qf * 5.5 * Fy * t^2 / ( 1 + .25 * lb / D )
PHI = .9
OMEGA = 1.67
Rectangular HSS
term1 = Fy * t^2 / ( 1 term2 = 2 * lb / B + 4 *
Rn = term1 * term2 * Qf
Shear strength:
Aw = 2 * lb * t
Rn = .6 * Fy * Aw
tp / B )
SQRT[ 1 - tp / B ]
PHI = 1
OMEGA = 1.5
PHI = .9
OMEGA = 1.67
Load = MIN[ F1, F2 ]

(266) Plate pull-through along bolt line:
For each line of bolts:
N = number of bolts
Ag = 2 * T * (end dist + (N-1) * spacing
An = Ag - 2( N- .5) * Dh
(LRFD) Axial load = PHI * Rn * number of bolt columns
(ASD) Axial load = Rn/OMEGA * number of bolt columns
(267) Claw angle net/gross area:
(W brace, web horiz, web claw L conn)
Gross width = Leg + Osl - t
Ag = Gross width * t
An = (Gross width - Dh) * t
(LRFD)
Rn_g = PHI * Rn, tension yleld
J4
Rn_n = PHI * Rn, tension rupture J4
(ASD)
Rn_g = Rn/OMEGA, tension yleld
J4
Rn_n = Rn/OMEGA, tension rupture J4
Axial load = 4 * MIN[Rn_g, Rn_n]
(268) Claw angle block shear:
Ant = (angle_toe_edge - .5Dh) * t
Anv = t* S * (Row - 1 ) + Le - (Row - .5) * dh
Agv = t * S * (Row - 1 ) + Le
(LRFD) Axial load = 4 * PHI * Rn
(ASD) Axial load = 4 * Rn/OMEGA
67
(269) W brace net area:

Ag = (D - 2Tf)Tw + 2Bf*Tf + Fillet Area
An = Ag - (Dh * Tw * 2)
Page
(LRFD)
Rn_n = PHI * Pn,
(Pn = Fu * Ae, tension rupture
(ASD)
Rn_n = PHI * Pn/OMEGA,
(Pn = Fu * Ae, tension rupture
Axial load = Rn_n
(270) V brace, guss shr tab weld to col:
(guss to col and beam)
ew = eccentricity of load
mom = vc * ecc
f1 = vc / weld_len
f2 = 0
f3 = mom * (weld_len / 2) / Ix
f4 = hc / weld_len
fr = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 + f4)^2 ]
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Rn = Fw * .707 * Eff_weld
Spec J2.4
Load = 2 * Fr / fr
(271) H brace guss to L bolt shr
(guss clip L to bm web conn)
ex = eccentricity in the x direction
ey = eccentricity in the y direction
(LRFD) Rv = PHI * Rn,
J3.6,8
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA,
num = Row * Column
dx = Spa * (Row - 1) / 2
dy = Col_spa * (Column - 1) / 2
px = P * cos(Phi)
py = P * sin(Phi)
mom = abs( px * ey - py * ex )
fx = px / num + mom * dy / Ip
fy = py / num + mom * dx / Ip
fv = SQRT( fx^2 + fy^2 )
Axial load = maximum P to satisfy fv <= Rv
68
(272) H brace guss to L bolt brg:

ex = eccentricity in the x direction
ey = eccentricity in the y direction
J3.10
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA
num = Row * Column
dx = Spa * (Row - 1) / 2
dy = Col_spa * (Column - 1) / 2
px = P * cos(Phi)
py = P * sin(Phi)
mom = abs( px * ey - py * ex )
rx = px / num + mom * dy / Ip
ry = py / num + mom * dx / Ip
rv = SQRT( rx^2 + ry^2 )
Axial load = maximum P to satisfy rv <= Rv
(273) H brace guss to L weld:
length = angle length
side = 1 for a one side clip
= 2 for a two sided clip
k = Leg - Setback
Weld_len = side * (length + 2 * k)
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Rn = Fw * .707 * MIN[Eff_weld,Weld_size]
Axial load = Fr * Weld_len
(274) H brace guss L, bolt brg on bm web:
coef = bolt group center of rotation
Bearing/tearout strength;
J3.10
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA
temp = Shear * coef * Row * Rv
side = 2 for a two sided clip
temp = 2 * Shear * Row * Rv
Axial load = temp / cos(Phi)
Page
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
69
(275) H brace guss to L weld:

x0 = angle leg + bm tw / 2
y0 = brace wp to centerline of angle
= 2 for a two sided clip
wx = Leg - Setback
wy = length
x bar = (wx)^2 / Weld_len
y bar = wy / 2
Ix = (wy)^3 / 12 + 2 * wx * (y bar)^2
Iy = (wx)^3/6 + 2*wx*(.5*wx-x bar)^2 + wy*(x bar)^2
Ip = Ix + Iy
m = ( 1/Weld_len + y0 * wy / (2 * Ip) )^2
k = ( 1/Weld_len + x0 * (wx - x bar)/(2 * Ip) )^2
denom = sin(phi)^2 * m + cos(phi)^2 * k
Rn = 0.707 * Fw * min(Eff_weld, Weld_size)
Fw = .6 * Fexx
(ASD) Fr = PHI * Rn
Axial load = side * SQRT( (Fr)^2 / denom )
(276) H brace guss gross area interactive stress:
Ag = length * Tf
Sx = Tf * (length)^2 / 6
tau = cos(Phi) / Ag
sigma = sin(Phi) / Ag+ cos(Phi) * x0 / Sx
Axial load = maximum to satisfy the yield criterion
(277) H brace guss net area interactive stress:
net length = length - (row - 1) * dh
An = net length * thick
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * Rn, shear yield
J4.2
Ft = PHI * Rn, tension yield
J4.1
(ASD) Fv = Rn/OMEGA, shear yield
J4.2
Ft = Rn/OMEGA, tension yield
J4.1
t1 = cos(Phi) / (An * Fv)
t2 = sin(Phi) / (An * Ft)
t3 = cos(Phi) * x0 / (Sx_net * Ft)
Axial load = shear / ( t1 + t2 + t3 )
Page
70
(278) H brace guss L to bm bolts, shr/ten:

num = Row * Column
b = gage - Tf
if Column = 2
fv = P * cos(Phi) / (num * Ab)
ft = tension per bolt with prying
if column = 1
f1 = P * cos(Phi) / Row
mom = P * cos(Phi) * gage
f2 = mom * .5 * Spa * (Row - 1)/Ip
Rv = SQRT( f1 * f1 + f2 * f2 )
fv = Rv / Ab
ft = tension per bolt with prying
(LRFD)
Fv = PHI * Rn,
shear J3
Ft = PHI * Rn,
tension J3
(ASD)
Fv = Rn/OMEGA,
shear J3
Ft = Rn/OMEGA,
tension J3
Axial load = max P to satisfy fv <= Fv & ft <= Ft
Page
71
(279) H brace guss L OSL bending with prying:

Tf = Cn_thick
p = Cn_depth / Row
d' = Db + 2 mm
Delta = 1 - d' / p
b' = b - .5 * Db
(LRFD) M = p * Tf^2 * PHI * Fu / 4
(ASD) M = p * Tf^2 * Fu / (OMEGA * 4)
T = ( 1 + Delta ) * M / b'
N = Row_ns + Row_fs
Tension = T / maximum K / sin(Phi)
(280) Bolted moment connection with HSS column:
(Flange plate Weld to Column)
Con_depth = Length of side projection - Corner Radius
Tpl = Thickness of the flange plate
(LRFD)
Fw = .6 * PHI * Fexx
Eff_weld_plate = PHI * .6 * Fy_pl * Tpl / ( Fw * .707 * 2 )
Eff_weld_column = PHI * .6 * Fy_col * Tw / ( Fw * .707 )
(ASD)
Fw = .6 * Fexx / OMEGA
Eff_weld_plate = .6 * Fy_pl * Tpl / OMEGA / ( Fw * .707 * 2 )
Eff_weld_column = .6 * Fy_col * Tw / OMEGA / ( Fw * .707 )
Eff_weld = MIN[ Eff_weld_plate, Eff_weld_column, weld ]
Fr = 2 * .707 * Eff_weld * Fw
Rv = 2 * Fr * Con_depth
Moment = Rv * ( D + Tpl )
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * ( D + Tpl )
Page
(281) Bolted moment connection with HSS column:
(Flange plate Tension / Compression)
Capacity at last bolt row:
Eff_width = MIN[ whitmore width, overall plate width ]
t = Thickness of the flange plate
Ag = t * Eff_width
An = t * ( Eff_width - 2 * Dh )
(LRFD) F1 = PHI * Ag * Fy (compression)
F2 = PHI * Ag * Fy (gross tension)
F3 = PHI * An * Fu (net tension)
(ASD) F1 = Ag * Fy / OMEGA (compression)
F2 = Ag * Fy / OMEGA (gross tension)
F3 = An * Fu / OMEGA (net tension)
Ff,bolt = MIN[ F1, F2, F3 ]
Capacity at notch:
Ag = 2 * t * w_s
(LRFD) F1 = PHI * Ag * Fy (compression)
F2 = PHI * Ag * Fy (gross tension)
(ASD) F1 = Ag * Fy / OMEGA (compression)
F2 = Ag * Fy / OMEGA (gross tension)
Ff,notch = MIN[ F1, F2 ]
72
Moment = MIN[ Ff,bolt, Ff,notch ] * ( D + t )

For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * (D + t)
(282) Axially load shear tab fillet welds:
ft1 = applied axial load / ( 2 * conn_depth)
ft2 = R * ew * .5 * conn_depth / Ix; twisting
fv = R / (2 * conn_depth )
fr = SQRT( fv^2 + (ft1 + ft2)^2 )
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Rn = Fw * .707 * Weld_size Spec J2.4
Load = largest R to satisfy fr <= Fr
(283) HSS col wall strength:
Rn = min from formulas (K1-7, -8, -9, -10)
(sidewall yielding, punching, local yielding, crippling
Allow flg force: (LRFD) Ff = PHI * Rn
(ASD) Ff = Rn / OMEGA
Moment = Ff * (Bm depth - tf)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * (Bm depth - tf)
(284) End pl strength, HSS beam with axial load:
(Based on AISC Manual page 9-10 thru 13,
but with modifications based on Packer and Henderson (1992) )
p = plate length tributary to each bolt
a = dim from bolt line to side face of HSS
b = plate horiz edge dist; t1 = pl thickness
n = number of bolts
rn = design tensile strength of one bolt
Dh = Bdia + 1/8
a' = a + .5 * Dh;
b' = b - .5 * Dh + t
delta = 1 - Dh / p
rut = applied tension / n; external tensile load on 1 bolt
(LRFD) K = 4*b'/(PHI * Fu_plate * p);
(ASD) K = 4*b'/(Fu_plate/OMEGA * p);
term1 = K * rn / t1^2 - 1
term2 = (a + .5 * Dh)/(delta(a + b + Tw ))
alpha = term1 * term2 >= 0.
Axial load = t1^2 * ( 1 + delta*alpha)n / K
(285) End pl weld strength, HSS beam with axial load:
(Based on AISC Manual page 9-10 thru 13,
but with modifications based on Packer and Henderson (1992) )
H = HSS section depth
fh = applied ten / ( 2.* H )
Fw = .6Fexx
When tension predominates, dsn shr/dsn ten <= .15:
Fw = .6Fexx( 1.+.5 SIN^1.5(theta)), theta = 90 deg
Spec J2.4
Load = 2 * H * SQRT( Fr^2 + fh^2 )
Page 73
(286) End plate bolt shear strength, HSS beam with axial load:
Tb = applied tension per bolt with prying from formula 284
Slip-critical bolts:
Fv = allowable shear load per bolt calculated using
interaction equation in Section J3.9
Bearing bolts:
Fv = allowable shear load per bolt calculated using
interaction equations in Section J3.7
Load = Fv * Ab * number of bolts
(287) Block shear rupture strength, with applied axial tension:
AISC specification section J4.3
t1 = thickness required for axial tension, J4.3
t2 = thickness required for shear,
J4.3
Elliptical interaction.....
Reqd T = SQRT( t1^2 + t2^2 )
Load = Applied shear * conn_thick / Reqd T
(288) Flush and Extended Moment End Plate connection strength:
Refer to AISC design guide 16, analysis flow chart, for PHI
factors, definitions and calculation of variables.
Plate yielding:
Mpl = PHIb * Fypl * tp^2 *
(LRFD) M1 = PHIb * Mpl;
(ASD) M1 = Mpl / OMEGAb;
Bolt rupture, no prying:
Mnp = 2Pt * SUM(dn)
(LRFD) M2 = PHIbr * Mnp;
(ASD) M2 = Mnp / OMEGAbr;
(LRFD) M3 = PHI * Mq;
(ASD) M3 = Mq / OMEGA;
Y
PHIb = .9
OMEGAb = 1.67
PHIbr = .75
OMEGAbr = 2
PHI = .75
OMEGA = 2
M2 < M1 / 1.11
Moment = MIN[ M2, M1 / gamma r ]
Thick PL behavior controlled by bolt rupture
M2 >= M1 / 1.11
M1 / gamma r < M3
Moment = M3; Thin PL behavior controlled by bolt rupture
M1 / gamma r > M3
Moment = M1 / gamma r; Thin PL behavior controlled by PL yielding
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * (Depth - Tf)
(289) Shear tee flange bolts, shear/tension interaction:
rigid support
n = number of bolts
n_prime = num of bolts above the NA
d_m = moment arm between the resultant ten and comp force
Pu = connection shear force
e = eccentricity of Vf from the tee flange
r_uv = applied shear load per bolt
= Pu / n
r_ut = applied tension load per bolt
= Pu * e / ( 2 * n_prime * d_m )
Load = maximum Pu so that the interaction equation of
Section J3.7 or J3.9 is satisfied
Page 74
(290) Shear tee flange strength, bending with prying:
rigid support
AISC manual page 7-12
n = number of bolts
n_prime = num of bolts above the NA
d_m = moment arm between the resultant ten and comp force
Pu = connection shear force
e = eccentricity of Pu from the tee flange
r_ut = Pu * e / ( 2 * n_prime * d_m )
p = conn length / number of bolt rows
b = 0.5 * ( gage - Tw_tee )
a = 0.5 * ( Bf_tee - gage )
b' = b - 0.5 * Db
a' = a + 0.5 * Db
d' = Db + 2 mm
delta = 1 - d' / p
rho = b' / a'
beta = ( 1 / rho ) * ( Tr / Pf - 1 )
if beta <= 1,
alpha' = MIN[ 1, ( 1 / delta ) * ( beta / ( 1 - beta ) ) ]
otherwise,
alpha' = 1
(LRFD)
t_req'd = SQRT( 4 * r_ut * b' / ( p * PHI * Fu * ( 1 + delta * alpha' ) ) )
(ASD)
t_req'd = SQRT( 4 * r_ut * b' / ( p * ( Fu / OMEGA ) * ( 1 + delta * alpha' ) ) )
Load = Maximum Pu so that t_req'd <= Tf
(291) Horizontal clip angle with axial load, web bolt shear:
eccentricity not considered
Rn from J.3.6 or J3.8
(LRFD)
Axial Load = PHI * Rn * Row * Column * Shear
(ASD)
Axial Load = Rn/OMEGA * Row * Column * Shear
(292) Horizontal clip angle with axial load, bolt bearing:
eccentricity not considered
Lc = Le - .5Dh
Rn_e = Rn, J3.10
Lc = Spacing - Dh
Rn_i = Rn, J3.10
(ASD) Load = (Rn_e * N_e + Rn_i * N_i)/OMEGA * Shear
(293) Col. web local bending stress (axially loaded hoiz. clip L):
Tw, Depth & K_dist are column dimensions
c = Distance between the top & bot bolts
l = c + 12 * Tw; effective web length
For a 1 inch wide strip of web, with fixed ends:
Sx = SQR[Tw] / 6
L = Depth - 2*K_dist,
length of 1 inch beam strip
d = spacing * ( row - 1 ),
length of distributed load
a = .5 * ( L - d )
(LRFD) P = 12 * ( PHI * Fy ) * Sx * L / ( L^2 + 2aL - 2a^2 )
(ASD) P = 12 * ( Fy / OMEGA ) * Sx * L / ( L^2 + 2al - 2a^2 )
Axial load = P * l
Page
(294) Horizontal beam web to clip L weld stress:
side = 2 for a two sided clip
Min_web = .707 * PHI * Fw * Weld_size * side / Fv_web
Web_factor = MIN[ Tw / Min_web, 1 ]
(LRFD) Fr = PHI * Rn,
J2
(ASD) Fr = Rn/OMEGA,
J2
L = conn_depth + 2 * ( conn_width - conn_stbk )
Axial Load = Fr * L * side * Web_factor
75
(295) Horizontal clip L to supporting web weld stress:

(if 2-sided, only the bottom angle carries load)
Spec J2.4
(LRFD) Fr = PHI * Rn,
J2
Min_web = .707 * PHI * Fw * Weld_size / Fv_web
(ASD) Fr = Rn / OMEGA, J2
Min_web = .707 * Fw/OMEGA * Weld_size / Fv_web
Web_factor = MIN[ Tw / Min_web, 1 ]
L = conn_depth + 2 * osl
Axial Load = Fr * L * Web_factor
(296) Interactive web strength, horizontal clip L with axial load:
Refer to misc design note 21.
Tension load --Welded angle:
(LRFD) Rv = PHI * 0.6 * Fy * ( A1 + A2 )
(ASD) Rv = 0.6 * Fy * ( A1 + A2 ) / OMEGA
Coped top AND bottom A1 = tw * conn_depth
A2 = 0
(LRFD) Rt = PHI * Fy * A1
(ASD) Rt = Fy * A1 / OMEGA
Coped top OR bottom A1 = tw * conn_depth
A2 = tw * ( conn_width - setback )
Rt = block shear capacity where Ant = Agt = A1 and Anv = Agv = A2
Uncoped A1 = tw * conn_depth
A2 = 2 * tw * ( conn_width - setback )
Rt = block shear capacity where Ant = Agt = A1 and Anv = Agv = A2
Page 76
(296) (cont'd)
Bolted angle:
(LRFD) Rv = PHI * 0.6 * Fy * ( A1 + A2 )
(ASD) Rv = 0.6 * Fy * ( A1 + A2 ) / OMEGA
A2 = 0
A3 = tw * ( row - 1 )( spacing - Dh )
A4 = 0
(LRFD) Rt = PHI * Fu * A3
(ASD) Rt = Fu * A3 / OMEGA
A2 = tw * ( conn_width - setback )
A4 = tw * [( Lh - 0.5 * Dh ) + ( column - 1 )( col_spa - Dh )]
(LRFD) Rt = PHI * Fu * A3 + PHI * 0.6 * Fu * A4
(ASD) Rt = Fu * A3 / OMEGA + 0.6 * Fu * A4 / OMEGA
A2 = 2 * tw * ( conn_width - setback )
A4 = 2 * tw * [( Lh - 0.5 * Dh ) + ( column - 1 )( col_spa - Dh )]
(LRFD) Rt = PHI * Fu * A3 + PHI * 0.6 * Fu * A4
(ASD) Rt = Fu * A3 / OMEGA + 0.6 * Fu * A4 / OMEGA
t_check = Rv * SQRT[ 1 - ( Ten load / Rt )^2 ]
Compression load ---(LRFD) Rv = PHI * 0.6 * Fy * ( A1 + A2 )
(ASD) Rv = 0.6 * Fy * ( A1 + A2 ) / OMEGA
A2 = 0
A2 = tw * ( conn_depth - setback )
A2 = 2 * tw * ( conn_depth - setback )
Welded angle:
A3 = tw * conn_depth
Bolted angle:
A3 = tw * ( row - 1 ) * spacing
(LRFD) Rc = PHI * Fy * A3
(ASD) Rc = Fy * A3 / OMEGA
c_check = Rv * SQRT[ 1 - ( Comp load / Rc )^2 ]
Load = MIN[ c_check, t_check ]
Page 77
(297) 3 point brace connection interactive gusset strength:
Ag = Thickness*Length
Sx = Thickness*Length^2/6
fv = SUM[Pp]/Ag
ft = SUM[Pn]/Ag+SUM[Pn*Eo]/Sx
(LRFD)
Fv = PHI * Rn, shear yield;
Ft = PHI * Rn, tension yield, J4
(ASD)
Fv = Rn/OMEGA,
Ft = Rn/OMEGA
(298) 3 point brace connection combined weld strength:
(LRFD) Fr = 0.6 * PHI * Fexx * 0.707 * weld_size
Min_pl = 2 * Fr / ( PHI * Fy )
(ASD) Fr = 0.6 * Fexx * 0.707 * weld_size / OMEGA
Min_pl = 2 * Fr / ( Fy / OMEGA )
Pl_factor = t / Min_pl,
( >0, <=1 )
L = gusset plate length, weld length
Tot_weld = 2 * L
Sx = 2 * L^2 / 6
f1 = SUM[Pp] / Tot_weld
f2 = SUM[Pn] / Tot_weld
f3 = SUM[Pn * Eo] / Sx
Axial load = largest force to satisfy:
SQRT[ f1^2 + ( f2 + f3 )^2 ] <= Fr * Pl_factor
(299) CJP Flange-to-plate weld strength, extended moment end plate:
AISC manual, design assumption #8, pg 12-9
base metal area = Tf * (Bf - 2 * k1_dist
weld metal area = (Tf - 1/4) * 2 * k1_dist
(LRFD)
f1 = PHI * Rn * base metal area, J2
f2 = PHI * Rn * weld metal area, J2
(ASD)
f1 = Rn/OMEGA * base metal area, J2
f2 = Rn/OMEGA * weld metal area, J2
Moment = (f1 + f2 ) * (depth - Tf)
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * (depth - Tf)
Page 78
(300) V Brace shared gusset pl strength, L's bolted to guss:
An = Thickness * ( Length - ( Row - 1 ) * Dh )
Sx_n = Thickness * Length^2 / 6
- Spa^2 * Row * ( Row^2 - 1 ) * Thick * Dh / 6 / Length
fv = SUM[ Pp ] / An
ft = SUM[ Pn ] / An + SUM[ Pn * Eo ] / Sx_n
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * .6 * Fu,
Ft = PHI * Fu
(ASD) Fv = .6 * Fu / OMEGA,
Ft = Fu / OMEGA
(301) V Brace shared gusset, shr/ten on bolts, L's bolted to guss:
fv = max bolt shear stress in bolt group, including
ecc. if the connection is a one-sided clip angle
ft = max bolt tension stress in bolt group, including
prying action
If slip-critical bolts,
Fv = allowable shear stress from (J3-5)
Ft = allowable tension stress from (J3-1)
If bearing-type bolts,
Fv = allowable shear stress from (J3-1)
Ft = allowable tension stress from (J3-2)
(302) V Brace shared gusset, gusset to clip bolt shear strength:
Mom = moment caused by components of the brace force
distx = .5 * ( Row - 1 ) * Spa
disty = .5 * ( Column - 1 ) * Col_spa
Ip = polar moment of inertia of the bolt group
Area = Row * Column * Ab
fx = SUM[ Pp ] / Area + SUM[ Mom ] * disty / Ip
fy = SUM[ Pn ] / Area + SUM[ Mom ] * distx / Ip
fv = SQRT[ fx^2 + fy^2 ]
Fv = allowable bolt stress from (J3-1) or (J3-4)
Axial load = largest force to satisfy: fv <= Fv
Page 79
(303) V Brace shared gusset, gusset to clip bolt bearing strength:
distx = .5 * ( Row - 1 ) * Spa
disty = .5 * ( Column - 1 ) * Col_spa
Ip = polar moment of inertia of the bolt group
Area = Row * Column * Db * thick
fx = SUM[ Pp ] / Area + SUM[ Mom ] * disty / Ip
fy = SUM[ Pn ] / Area + SUM[ Mom ] * distx / Ip
fb = SQRT[ fx^2 + fy^2 ]
Shear = 1 for gusset capacity or 1-sided clip angle connection
= 2 for 2-sided clip angle connection
(LRFD) Fb = PHI * 2.4 * Fu * Shear
(ASD) Fb = 2.4 * Fu * Shear / OMEGA
Axial load = largest force to satisfy: fb <= Fb
(304) V Brace shared gusset, clip L to bm web bolt brg strength:
Pp_other = component of other brace's force parallel to support
C = coefficient, for a 1-sided connection (eccentricity considered
= 2,
for a 2-sided connection (no eccentricity considered)
Rn is calculated using sect J3-10
(LRFD) P_allow_total = PHI * Rn * C * Row * Shear
(ASD) P_allow_total = ( Rn / OMEGA ) * C * Row * Shear
P_allow = P_allow_total - Pp_other
Axial load = P_allow / cos(angle)
(305) V Brace gusset clip L to gusset weld strength:
L_weld = total weld length,
L_clip = clip length
fx = SUM[ Pp ] / L_weld
fy = SUM[ Pn ] / L_weld + SUM[ Mom ] * .5 * L_clip / Ip
fw = SQRT[ fx^2 + fy^2 ]
(LRFD) Fw = PHI * .6 * Fexx * .707 * eff_weld_size
(ASD) Fw = .6 * Fexx * .707 * eff_weld_size / OMEGA
Axial load = largest force to satisfy: fw <= Fw
(306) V Brace gusset clip L to supporting weld strength:
L_weld = total weld length,
L_clip = clip length
fx = SUM[ Pp ] / L_weld
fy = SUM[ Pn ] / L_weld + SUM[ Mom ] * 0.5 * L_clip / Ip
fw = SQRT[ fx^2 + fy^2 ]
(LRFD) Fw = PHI * .6 * Fexx * .707 * eff_weld_size
(ASD) Fw = .6 * Fexx * .707 * eff_weld_size / OMEGA
Axial load = largest force to satisfy: fw <= Fw
Page 80
(307) V Brace shared gusset clip to support OSL bending strength:
T_allow = allowable tension on clip angle connection from formula 43
(If the connection is 1-sided, divide T_allow by 2.)
Axial load = largest force to satisfy: SUM[ Pn ] <= T_allow
(308) Gusset welded to an HSS member; HSS wall strength:
AISC specification Table K1.1 and K1.2
phi = angle between brace and supporting member
lb = plate length parallel to the HSS longitudinal axis
Rn = result from formula 265
for ecc > 0:
Axial load = lb * Rn / ( 6 * ecc * SIN(phi) )
for ecc = 0:
Axial load = Rn / SIN(phi)
(309) Axially loaded shear tab, welded to an HSS column:
Col wall strength, AISC specification Table K1.1 and K1.2
ecc = shear tab ew
lb = tab pl length parallel to the HSS longitudinal axis
Tn = applied axial load
Load = (Rn - Tn) * N / ( 6 * ecc )
(310) Web bolt shear, clip angle conn. with axial load:
V = shear, Fa = applied connection axial load
mom = V * horiz ecc - Fa * Vecc
f1 = V / ( m * n ),
f2 = mom * .5 * d / Ip
f3 = abs(Fa) / ( m * n ), f4 = mom * c / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 +/- f4)^2 ]
Rn = Fn * Ab,
J6
(LRFD) Load = maximum V so that Rv <= PHI*Rn
(311) Beam web bearing, bolted clip angle conn. with axial load:
f1 = V / ( m * n ),
f2 = abs(mom) * .5 * d / Ip
f3 = abs(Fa) / ( m * n ), f4 = abs(mom) * (n - 1) * b * .5 / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 + f4)^2 ]
Rn = Fp * Bdia * tw
Page 81
(312) Angle web leg Bearing, bolted clip L conn. with axial load:
f1 = V / ( m * n ),
f2 = mom * .5 * d / Ip
f3 = abs(Fa) / ( m * n ), f4 = mom * c / Ip
Rv = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 +/- f4)^2 ]
Rv allow = Fp * Bdia * t
(313) Not used
(314) Plate flexure, conventional shear tab:
Z_g = Pl_thick * Pl_depth^2 / 4
Rn = Zg * Fy / ecc
(315) Tee brace (with stem vertical) net section axial tension:
Deduct = column * Tw * Dh
Ant = Agt - Deduct
Ae = Ant * U
Rn = Fu * Ae
(316) Tee brace (with stem vertical), tension on net conn. area:
(Web splice PLs)
An_web = 2 * t * MIN[ b - column * Dh, .85 * b]
Rn = Fu * An_web
Page
(317) Tee brace (with stem vertical) web lap plate block shear:
If 1 column of bolts:
Agt = 0.5 * t * ( Wg )
Ant = 0.5 * t * ( Wg - Dh )
Agv = 2 * t(Spa(Row - 1 ) + Le )
If 2 columns of bolts:
Ant = 2 * t MIN[ Col_spa - Dh, Wg - Col_spa - Dh ]
Agv = 4 * t(Spa(Row - 1 ) + Le )
Rn from J4.3, block shear strength
82
(318) Weld strength, skew bm-to-column moment connection:

(connection to column, L shaped weld)
Elastic method
B = weld length to the col flange, x-axis direction
D = weld length parallel to the col web, y-axis direction
ecc = dist from the weld c.g. to beam line
rho = angle between the col web and beam line
x_bar = .5*B^2/(B+D)
y_bar = .5D^2/(B+D)
Ip = polar moment of inertia of the weld group
= {(B+D)^4 - 6B^2*D^2} / 12(B+D)
px = P*SIN(rho)
py = P*COS( rho)
At the
f1 =
f3 =
fr_b
tip of weld B:
px/(B+D)
f2 = P*ecc*y_bar/Ip,
py/(B+D)
f4 = P*ecc*(B-x_bar)/Ip,
= SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 + f4)^2 ]
At the
f1 =
f3 =
fr_d
tip of weld D:
px/(B+D),
f2 = P*ecc*(D -y_bar)/Ip
py/(B+D),
f4 = P*ecc*(x_bar)/Ip
= SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 + f4)^2 ]
x direction
y direction
Rn = Fw * .707 * fillet weld size

P = force on the weld at one flange
= largest force to satisfy MAX|fr_b, fr_d| <= Fr
Bolted flange plate:
Arm = Beam D + flg pl thick
Welded flange plate:
Arm = Beam D - tf
Moment = P * Arm
For axial load reduce moment by: Ff * Arm
Page 83
(319) Weld strength, skew bm-to-column moment connection:
(connection to column web)
Elastic method
[ shape weld, D = weld length to the col web, y direction
B = weld length to the col flg, x direction
ecc = dist from the weld c.g. to beam line
rho = angle between the col web and beam line
x_bar = B^2 / ( 2B + D )
Ip = polar moment of inertia of the weld group
= (2B+D)^3 / 12 - B^2(B+D)^2 / (2B+D)
Cx = B - x_bar
Cy = D/2
px = P*SIN(rho)
py = P*COS( rho)
f1 = px/(B+D)
f2 = P*ecc*Cy/Ip,
x direction
f3 = py/(B+D)
f4 = P*ecc*Cx/Ip,
y direction
At the tip of the weld leg B:
fr = SQRT[ (f1 + f2)^2 + (f3 + f4)^2 ]
Rn = Fw * .707 * fillet weld size
P = force on the weld at one flange
= largest force to satisfy fr <= Fr
Bolted flange plate:
Arm = Beam D + flg pl thick
Welded flange plate:
Arm = Beam D - tf
Moment = P * Arm
(320) - (322) Not used
(323) Col cap, flange mom moment pl conn to col web, weld strength
Len1 = 2 * ( .5 * ( Bf - Tf ) - Fillet_rad - .5 )
Len2 = Col_Depth - 2 * K_dist
N = 1, for single fillet
= 2, for double fillet
Arm = .95 * Bm_depth,
for welded moment
= Bm_depth + Pl_thick, for bolted moment
(LRFD) Fw = PHI * 0.6 * Fexx
(ASD) Fw = 0.6 * Fexx / OMEGA
Moment = N * Fw * .707 * ( Weld_size1 * Len1 + Weld_size2 * Len2 ) * arm
(324) Column splice connection, web connection gross shear:

kw = A_web / total_area, kmw = I_web / I_total
Web_mom = kmw * moment
Web_ten = kw * tension
Web_comp = kw * compression
Ag = 2. * Cn_thick * Cn_depth
Sx = 2. * Cn_thick * Cn_depth^2 / 6.
Cn = Fcr * Ag
Tn = Fy * Ag
Vn = .6 * Fy * Ag
Mn = Fy * Sx
Page
84
(LRFD)
Tn = PHI * Fy * Ag,
tension yield
Vn = PHI * .6Fy * Ag, shear yield
Mn = PHI * Fy * Sx_net
(ASD)
Tn = (Fy/OMEGA) * Ag,
tension yield
Vn = (.6Fy/OMEGA) * Ag, shear yield
Mn = (Fy/OMEGA) * Sx_net
w/ Compressive Load:
A = ( ecc / Mn)^2 + ( 1 / Vn )^2
B = 2 * Web_mom * ecc / Mn^2 + 2 * ecc * Web_comp / ( Mn * Cn )
C = ( Web_mom / Mn )^2 + 2 * Web_mom * Web_comp / ( Mn * Cn )
+ ( Web_comp / Cn ) - 1
Load_c = solution of the quadratic equation
w/ Tensile Load:
A = ( ecc / Mn )^2 + ( 1
B = 2 * Web_mom * ecc /
C = ( Web_mom / Mn )^2 +
+ ( Web_ten / Tn ) Load_t = solution of the
/ Vn )^2
Mn^2 + 2 * ecc * Web_ten / ( Mn * Tn )
2 * Web_mom * Web_ten / ( Mn * Tn )
1
quadratic equation
Load = min[ Load_c, Load_t ]
Page 85
(325) Supporting W section local web yield/buckling strength:
(Connection with a compression load framing to a flange)
lb = connection length or beam member depth for extended end pl
Local Web Yielding -Load applied at a distance from the end of the member
that is greater than the depth of the member,
Rn = (5*K_dist + lb)FyTw
(J10-2)
Load applied at or near the end of the member,
Rn = (2.5*K_dist + lb)FyTw
(J10-3)
(LRFD) c1 = PHI * Rn
(ASD) c1 = Rn/OMEGA
Web Crippling -d = depth of the member
Load applied at a distance not less than d/2 from the end
of the member,
Rn = .80*Tw^2 * (1 + 3(lb/d)*(Tw/Tf)^1.5)*SQRT[E*Fy*Tf/Tw]
(J10-4)
Load applied less than a distance d/2 from the end
of the member,
lb/d <= .2,
Rn= .40*Tw^2 *(1 + 3(lb/d)*(Tw/Tf)^1.5)*SQRT[E*Fy*Tf/Tw]
lb/d > .2
Rn = .40*Tw^2 *(1 + (4lb/d- .2))*(Tw/Tf)^1.5)*SQRT[E*Fy*Tf/Tw]
(J10-5a, J10-5b)
(LRFD) c2 = PHI * Rn
(ASD) c2 = Rn/OMEGA
Compression strength = MIN[ c1, c2 ]
(326) Not used
(327) Flange bolt shear, column splice:
Rn from J3.6 and .8
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA
P_allow = shear * column * row * Rv
kmw = fraction of moment carried by web = I_web / Ix
kf = fraction of axial load carried by flange = Af / A_total
P* = P_allow - ( 1 - kmw ) * Moment / depth
Load = P* / kf + bearing_force
(Add the bearing force between columns to the capacity
for a splice prepared for full contact.)
Page 86
(328) Column splice connection, bolt bearing on flg. filler Pl:
Rn_top and Rn_lower are calculated using J3.10
(LRFD) Rv = PHI * Rn;
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA
P_allow = Rv * shear * column * ( Rn_top + Rn_lower * ( row - 1 ) )
P* = P_allow - ( 1 - kmw ) * Moment / ( Depth + Cn_thick)
(329) Column splice connection, bolt bearing on column flange:
Rn_top and Rn_lower are calculated using J3.10
(LRFD) Rv = PHI * Rn;
(ASD) Rv = Rn/OMEGA
P_allow = Rv * column * ( Rn_top + Rn_lower * ( row - 1 ) )
P* = P_allow - ( 1 - kmw ) * Moment / ( Depth - Tf )
(330) - (334) Not used
(335) HSS Horiz brace gusset combined stress check:
(notched gusset plate connecting to two beams)
Considering the free-body diagram of the gusset pl.
At the least width section thru the notch parallel
to the brace work line--tau = shear stress due to brace load, V/A
sigma = tension stress due to brace load, Mc/I +- P/A
Axial load = maximum to satisfy the yield criterion
(336) Not used:
(337) Weld strength, L,T,C,HSS/Pipe end fitting to gusset:
Longitudinal weld; eff length = Ll, eff fillet size = Ls, THETA = 0.
Transverse weld;
eff length = Lt, eff fillet size = Ts, THETA = 90 deg.
eff length = actual length - fillet leg size
Nw = number of welds
Fw = .6Fexx(1.0 + .5 * SIN^-1 * THETA)
(LRFD) P_long = Nw * Ll * .707 * Ls * PHI*Fw
(LRFD) p_trans = Nw * Lt * .707 * Ts * PHI* Fw_trans
(ASD)
(ASD)
P_long = Nw * Ll * .707 * Ls * Fw/OMEGA

p_trans = Nw * Lt * .707 * Ts * Fw_trans/OMEGA
Axial load = P_long + P_trans
Page 87
(338) Weld strength, star angle member to gusset:
Transverse weld;
Fw = .6Fexx(1.0 + .5 * SIN^-1 * THETA)
(ASD)
(ASD)


(339) Weld strength, double L, C, T member to gusset:
Transverse weld;
Fw = .6Fexx(1.0 + .5 * SIN^-1 * THETA)
(ASD)
(ASD)


(340) Weld strength, W or S member, fitting to
Longitudinal weld; eff length = Ll, eff
Transverse weld;
eff length = Lt, eff
eff length = actual length - fillet
Fw = .6Fexx(1.0 + .5 * SIN^-1 * THETA)
gusset:
fillet size = Ls, THETA = 0.
fillet size = Ts, THETA = 90 deg.
leg size

(ASD)
(ASD)


(341) Plate block shear, with a welded attachment:
fitting length = dim parallel to the longitudinal force, shear length
fitting width = dim perp to the longintudinal force, tension length
Shear area, av = fitting_length * pl_thick * 2.0
Tension area, at = fitting_width * pl_thick
Block shear strength Rn, Section J4.3;
Rn = tension rupture + MIN(Shear yield, Shear rupture
(342) Column splice connection, web connection gross shear:

An = web splice plates net area
Sx_net = web splice plates net section modulus
l = unsupported vertical length between fasteners
Cn = fcr,
k = .65
(LRFD)
Tn = PHI * Fu * an, tension rupture
Vn = PHI * Fu * an, shear rupture
Mn = PHI * Fu * Sx_net
(ASD)
Tn = (Fu/OMEGA) * an, tension rupture
Vn = (Fu/OMEGA) * an, shear rupture
Mn = (Fu/OMEGA) * Sx_net
Page
88
Allowable Shear with compression:

A = sqr( ecc / Mn ) + sqr( 1. / Vn )
B = 2. * web_mom * ecc / sqr( Mn ) +
2. * ecc * web_comp / ( Mn * Cn )
C = sqr( web_mom / Mn ) + 2. * web_mom * web_comp / ( Mn * Cn )
+ sqr( web_comp / Cn ) - 1.
RS1 = ( -B + sqrt( B * B - 4. * A * C ) ) / ( 2. * A )
Allowable Shear with
B = 2. * web_mom *
C = sqr( web_mom /
+ sqr( web_ten
RS2 = ( -B + sqrt(
tension:
ecc / sqr( Mn ) + 2. * ecc * web_ten / ( Mn * Tn )
Mn ) + 2. * web_mom * web_ten / ( Mn * Tn )
/ Tn ) - 1.
B * B - 4. * A * C ) ) / ( 2. * A )
Shear strength = MIN[ RS1, RS2]

(343) V brace gusset to column and beam, HSS beam wall:
Refer to misc connection design notes for UFM interface forces.
Equivalent perp HSS face force due to a 1 kip force:
FF = Vb + 6 * Mb / N
N = gusset weld length
Rectangular section yielding:
t1 = gusset pl thickness, B = HSS face width
T1 = Fy * tw^2 / ( 1 - t1 / B )
T2 = 2 * N / B + 4 * SQRT[ 1 - t1 / B ]
Qf = 1
(LRFD) Yield = PHI * T1 * T2 * Qf;
PHI = 1
(ASD) Yield = T1 * T2 * Qf / OMEGA; OMEGA = 1.5
Round section yielding:
D = outer diameter, Qf = 1
T1 = Fy * tw^2 * ( 1 + .25 * N / D )
(LRFD) Yield = PHI * 5.5 * T1 * Qf,
PHI = .9
(ASD) Yield = 5.5 * T1 * Qf / OMEGA, OMEGA = 1.67
Shear:
Aw = 2 * Tw * N
(LRFD) Shear = PHI * .6 * Fy * Aw
(ASD) Shear = .6 * Fy * Aw / OMEGA
Brace axial load = MIN[ Yield, Shear ] * ( 1 kip / FF )
(344) HSS section plastic moment strength, Mp

(LRFD) Moment = PHI * Fy * Zx
(ASD) Moment = Fy * Zx / OMEGA
Page
89
(345) Shear tab, plate flexure strength

Extended Configuration, item 4. page 10-104
(Vr/Vc)^2 + (Mr/Mc)^2 <= 1.0
(LRFD) Vr = Vu
(ASD) Vr = Va
(LRFD) Vc = PHI * Vn
(ASD) Vc = Vn / OMEGA
Vn = 0.6 * Fy * Ag
Mr = Vr * e
(LRFD) Mc = PHI * Mn
(ASD) Mc = Mn / OMEGA
Mn = Fy * Zpl
Ag = gross cross-sectional area of the shear plate
Zpl = plastic section modulus of the shear plate
Load = maximum Vr to satisfy the yield criterion
(346) Shear tab, plate buckling strength
Extended Configuration, item 5. page 10-105
Figure 9-3
Ho = shear tab depth
e = bolt column to the edge of stability plate
Load = double cope strength, see formula 41
(347) Welded Connection: Pipe - Pipe Punching Shear
AWS 2.42.1.1
PHI = 0.95
Fy = Pipe-chord yield strength.
Db = Depth of pipe-branch.
t = Thickness of pipe-chord.
angle = Angle between branch and chord.
Punching Shear = ( PHI * PI * Db * t * 0.6 * Fy ) / sin(angle)
(348) Welded Connections: Pipe - Pipe Chord Plastification
AWS 2.40.1.1 Table 2.9
PHI = 0.8
t = Pipe-chord thickness.
g = Gap between two branches in K connection.
D = Depth of pipe-chord.
alpha = 1 + (0.7*g/Db) (for gapped-K connection)
alpha = 1.7 (for T and Y connection)
beta = Db/D
gamma = D / 2*t
Qq = ((1.7/alpha) + (0.18/beta)) * (qbeta)^(0.7*(alpha-1))
Pn = Compression in pipe-chord.
Mn = Moment in pipe-chord.
Ag = Pipe-chord area.
S = Pipe-chord elastic section modulus.
U = (Pn / Ag*Fy)^2 + (Mn / S*Fy)^2
Qf = 1.0 - (0.03 * gamma * U * U) (for compression chord)
Qf = 1.0 (for tension chord)
Plastification = ( PHI * Fy * t^2 * 6 * PI * beta * Qq * Qf / sin (angle) )
Page 90
(349) Cross Welded Connections: Pipe - Pipe Chord General Collapse
AWS 2.40.1.2 Table 2.9
PHI = 0.8
t = Pipe-chord thickness.
g = Gap between two branches in K connection.
D = Depth of pipe-chord.
alpha = 1 + (0.7*g/Db) (for gapped-K connection)
alpha = 1.7 (for T and Y connection)
beta = Db/D
gamma = D / 2*t
Qbeta = 1.0
(for Beta less than or equal to 0.6)
Qbeta = 0.3 / ( beta * ( 1 - ( 0.833 * beta )))
(for Beta greater than 0.6)
Pn = Compression in pipe-chord.
Mn = Moment in pipe-chord.
Ag = Pipe-chord area.
S = Pipe-chord elastic section modulus.
U = (Pn / Ag*Fy)^2 + (Mn / S*Fy)^2
Qf_t = 1.0 (for tension chord)
Qf_c = 1.0 - (0.03 * gamma * U * U) (for compression chord)
GC_tension = ( PHI * Fy * t^2 * ( 1.9 + (7.2*beta) ) * Qbeta * Qf_t / sin (angle) )
GC_tension = ( PHI * Fy * t^2 * ( 1.9 + (7.2*beta) ) * Qbeta * Qf_c / sin (angle) )
General Collapse = minimum of GC_tension and GC_compression.
(350) Not used
(351) Bracket or shear tee, flange bearing on supporting member:
Sx_bot = bottom section modulus of bracket.
Vol II Connections, pg 1-33, Case 1
Rn = 1.8 * Fy * Apb,
(J7-1)
(LRFD) Fp = PHI * Rn
(ASD)
Fp = Rn / OMEGA
Load = Fp * Sx_bot / ecc
(352) T, Y and K Welded Connections
Pipe-to-pipe intersection weld strength: AWS 2.39.3
Fw = .6Fexx(1.0 + .5 * SIN^-1 * angle)
tw = size of the weld.
tb = thickness of pipe-branch.
ka = (1+(1/sin(angle)))/2
area = Pipe-branch area.
rw = Mean radius of the pipe-branch.
depth = Depth of pipe-branch.
rm = depth/2 + tw/3
Weld Capacity = fw * (tw / tb) * (area * ka) * (rw / rm)
Page 91
(353) Welded Connections: Angle-to-WTee stem weld strength
(Elastic method)
st = Top arm of the weld
l = Vertical leg of C shaped weld
OR
l = Distance between parallel welds
sb = Bottom arm of the weld
weld length = st + l + sb (for C-shape weld)
weld length = st + sb (for parallel welds)
cg = Center of gravity of the weld
ip = Polar moment of inertia of the weld
eccentricity = Distance between angle neutral axis and CG of weld
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
twisting moment = axial load * eccentricity
faev = vert component of moment = twisting * cg_horz / ip
faa = horz component of axial load = axial load / weld length
faeh = horz component of moment = twisting * cg_vert / ip
weld capacity = SQRT ( faev^2 + (faeh+faa)^2 )
Weld capacity = Minimum capacity of weld out of four locations
(top edge, bottom edge, top corner, bottom corner of C weld)
(355) Shear tab connection to HSS column wall punching shear:
(Designing With Structural Tubing, Donald R. Sherman
(Engineering Journal, Third Quarter 1996, Volume 33
No. 3, page 101 - 109
Pf_actual = load * ecc * c * t1 / Ix
Pf_allow = 2 * PHI * 0.6 * Fu * t2
Pf_actual = actual punching force do to shear load
Pf_allow = allowable punching force in column wall
ecc = weld line eccentricity
Ix = t1 * (tab_length)^3 / 12
t1 = shear tab thickness
t2 = HSS column thickness
load = Maximum load to satisfy Pf_actual <= Pf_allow
(356) 2pt & 3pt Gusset clip L stress, leg to gusset:
Sx = Angle_thick * SQR[Angle_length]/6
(LRFD) Fv = PHI * .6Fy, shear yield; Ft = PHI * Fy, tension yield
(ASD) Fv = .6Fy/OMEGA, shear yield; Ft = Fy/OMEGA, tension yield
f1 = SUM[Pp]/Area,
f2 = SUM[Pn]/Area
f3 = SUM[Pn*Eo]/Sx
Axial load = 2 * largest force to satisfy:
SQRT[f1^2+(f2+f3)^2] <= Fr*Pl_factor
(357) 2pt & 3pt Gusset clip L stress, leg to bm/col flange:
Oh = dim from toe of sprtg. flng to heel of angle
Sx = Angle_length * SQR[Angle_thick] / 6
(LRFD) Fb = PHI * Fy,
Fv = PHI* .6Fy
(ASD) Fb = Fy/OMEGA, Fv = .6Fy/OMEGA
f1 = SUM[Pp]/Area,
f2 = SUM[Pn]/Area
f3 = SUM[Pn*Oh]/Sx
Axial load = 2 * MIN[Pp/Fv, Pn/Fb]
(358) WF brace, web horiz, weld stress, angle

connection to supporting member:
theta = angle between brace and support
Fw = .6 * Fexx
Table J2.5
Spec J2.4
L = weld length, Sx = 2 * L^2 / 6
f1 = SUM[Pp]/L,
f2 = SUM[Pn]/L
f3 = SUM[Pn]/Sx
Axial load = 2 * MIN[Pp/Fr, Pn/Fr]
Page
92
(360) Gusset welded to an HSS member; HSS wall strength

AISC specification section K1
N = plate length parallel to the HSS longitudinal axis
P = result from formula 265
Axial load = Pn/P
(361) Col/Bm local web crippling under vert. brace gusset:
N = gusset length, ecc = ecentricity from gusset c/l
A_web = N * Tw,
web area
Sx_web = Tw * N * N / 6
Formulas K1-4 and K1-5:
Load applied at a dist. >= d/2 from top of col, F = 67.5
Load applied at a dist. < d/2 from top of col, F = 34.0
R = F * Tw^2 [1 + 3 (N/D)(Tw/Tf)^1.5] * SQRT[Fy*Tf/Tw]
K = 1 / A_web + ecc / Sx_web
R' = ( R / A_web * 1 / K )
Axial load = Pn/R
(383) HSS wall strength in a gusset to column conn. with shear tab:
Hc = Axial force on column to gusset connection due to unit load
Punit = Unit load on brace
Axial load = Rn * Punit / Hc
End of formula printout
SDS/2 CONNECTION DESIGN NOTES (AISC, 14TH ED MANUAL)
Page
(1)Calculation information/warning messages:

Certain conditions will cause informational messages to be
displayed on the calculation strength printout. These
conditions have not caused a connection to fail but nevertheless
may have an impact on the design or function of the connection.
These messages are intended to call attention to local
conditions that may need to be evaluated by the engineer who is
in the best position to determine how the structure and
connections are intended to function and evaluate the effects
of the connection configuration on the structural system.
(2)Connection elements or geometry not meeting the applicable AISC
design criteria, require engineering evaluation as to their
suitability for the intended application.
(3)Connection strength printout:
Only the conditions listed will cause a connection to fail.
Other information may be shown for the convenience of the user.
(4)Bolts:
Strengths of connections using bearing type bolts are designed for
comparison with factored loads.
Strengths of connections using slip-critical type bolts are
designed for comparison with factored loads.
It is mandatory that SC joints also meet the strength
requirements to resist the factored load as a shear/bearing
bolt joint; Chapter J3.8.
(5)Connection ductility checks:
Double clip angle, shear end plate, shear tee
Reference: 2nd Ed LRFD Manual, Vol II pg 9-170
14th Ed Manual page 9-14
Conn. bolted to the supporting member --Min A325 or F1852 bolt diameter to preclude bolt fracture.
db_min = .163 * Tf * SQRT[ (Fy/b) * K ]
<= .69 * SQRT[ ts ]
b = dim from hole gage line to k dist
Tee/Clip L Welded to the supporting member --Min E70 weld size.
w_min = .0155 * Fy * SQR[Tf]/b * K
<= 75 * ts
b = dim. from k1 dist to toe of flg
L = connection depth
K = SQR[b] / SQR[L] + 2
ts = tee stem thickness
Tf = tee flg or angle OSL thickness
93
(6) Flanges and webs with concentrated forces:

Design strength PHI*Rn or Rn/OMEGA =
P1, P2, P3 from calculations 83, or 113.
P4 from calculation 25.
Page
P1 = Col web yielding at bm ten or comp flange, J10.2

P2 = Col compression web buckling, J10.5)
P3 = Col local tension flange bending, J10.1)
P4 = Col web crippling, J10.3
Available strength = MIN[ P1, P2, P3, P4 ]
When Available strength > concentrated flange force,
stiffeners are required.
Stiffener design:
Ast = (Concentrated flg force-Pn)/Fy_stiff
Fy_stiff = 36
Fy_col <= 36; Stiffener b/t <= 95/SQRT[Fy_stiff]
Fy_col > 36; Stiffener b/t <= 65/SQRT[Fy_stiff]
(7)Prying action for tension type connections:
(AISC manual page 9-10)
a = Edge distance of fitting <= 1.25*b
(For heavy clip angles with 2 cols of bolts, a is
1.5 inches from the inside bolt col.
in formulas 27, 40, and 43 )
b = Bolt C/L to face of fitting or web
= Bolt C/L to to C/L of leg for angles, Fig 9-4
T = Axial tension force/Row/Column, (applied tension/bolt)
B = Allow. tension per bolt, PHI*Rn or Rn/OMEGA, kips
a'= a+.5*db < 1.25b+db/2,
b'= b-.5*db
d'= db+1/16, rho = b'/a'
p = Cn_depth/Row <= conn gage,
Delta = 1-d'/p
(LRFD) tc = SQRT[4.44*B*b'/(p*Fu)]
(ASD) tc = SQRT[6.66*B*b'/(p*Fu)]
alpha = (1/delta)*[(T/B)/(t/tc)^2-1]; 0 <= alpha <=1.
alpha' = [1/(delta*(1+rho)]*[(tc/t)^2-1]
Design:
Q = B*delta*alpha*rho*(t/tc)^2
treqd = SQRT[(8*T*b')/(p*Fy*(1+delta*alpha'))]
Analysis:
1. alpha' > 1.,
T_allow = B*(t/tc)^2)*(1+delta)
2. 0 <= alpha' <= 1., T_allow = B*(t/tc)^2*(1+delta*alpha')
3. alpha' < 0,
T_allow = B
1 is plate failure mode, 2 is bolt failure mode
with prying, 3 is bolt failure mode without prying
Thickness to eliminate prying force:
(LRFD) treqd = SQRT[4.44*T*b'/(p*Fu)]
(ASD) treqd = SQRT[6.66*T*b'/(p*Fu)]
94
(8)Single-plate connections, Conventional and Extended

Configuration design methods, AISC Manual.
Page
The Conventional method is used when the dimensional limitations

on page 10-102,103 are met.
When the provisions of the Conventional method cannot be satisfied
and the limitations on page 10-104 are met, the Extended method
is used.
Refer to pages 10-102 thru 10-105, SINGLE-PLATE CONNECTIONS
Extended configuration:
The value of C' and 6Mmax/Fyd^2 is shown on the calculation
printout. It is the users responsibility to evaluate the
connection in accordance with criteria of design check,
item 2 on page 10-104.
Plate flexure/buckling strength on the calc printout is the
smaller of flexure and buckling, items 4 and 5, page 10-104, 105
SDS/2 limitations:
Shear reaction only
Perpendicular framing (90 degree dihedral angle)
Non-rotated bolt group
For connections not meeting either the Conventional or Extended
criteria, the appropriate AISC Vol II Connection Design, LRFD 3rd
edition or the Sherman Extended Design procedures apply. Refer to
misc. notes:
9 Single-plate connection
10 Bolt and Weld eccentricities
12 Sherman's extended plate procedure
21 Weld types
95
Page 96
(9)Single-plate shear connection:
(AISC Vol II Connections & LRFD 3rd Ed Manual)
See (12) for extended shear tab design procedures.
One or two bolt columns, 2 to 12 bolt rows
(Connections with the dimension to the bolt line > 3 inches
or two bolt columns should not be used with HSS columns)
Standard round or short slotted holes
3 in. standard bolt spacing
Support to hole spacing minimum 2 1/2, to a maximum of 5 1/4 inches
Minimum plate vertical and horizontal edge distance:
Lv = min from table J3.4, >= 1 1/2 in.
Lh = min from table J3.4, >= 1 1/2 in.
PL thickness <= .5 * Db + 1/16 in.
>= L*SQRT(Fy)/(234K)
K = PL buckling coefficient
>= 1/4 inch
Fy = 36 ksi for PL.
All grades of beam steel
Nominal weld metal tensile strength, Fexx = 70 ksi
Composite or non-composite beams, all loadings
Valid dihedral angle: 20 to 90 degrees.
A325, F1852, A490, or F2280 bolts only.
Perp. fillet welds: weld size >= 1.38 * t * Fy / (.95 * Fexx)
the above formula is from Astaneh's paper, 1989 AISC proceedings
>= .75t, for A36 pl material
Skew fillet welds: eff throat >= eff throat for perp fillets.
CJP weld:
eff throat = t
(For these conditions, the weld is not the critical
connection element since the plate yields before
the weld.)
For A > 3.5 in. the net plate section bending
stress is checked.
For an axial load, the net & gross pl area interactive
stress is checked.
Stabilizer bars: b/t <= 238/SQRT[Fy] and l/r <= 200
For a connection with more than one bolt column, or a
rotated bolt group, dimension 'a' is taken as the
distance from the weld line to the CG of the bolt group.
Design for more than one bolt column, non-standard spacing, or a
rotated bolt group is not included in the AISC design procedure.
For a supporting HSS column wall or beam web, the maximum

plate thickness to prevent punching shear failure is:
1.2 * PHI_v * Fu_HSS * tw_HSS / (PHI_t * Fy_pl) or
(1.2 * Fu_HSS * tw_HSS / OMEGA_v) / (Fy_pl / OMEGA_t)
HSS Manual, spec equation (9.3-3)
The supporting HSS column wall or W web, strength
requires evaluation for an axially loaded shear tab. The
design of this connection for axial load is not a part
of the AISC design procedure.
Page
97
A single-plate connection may be used when the rectangular

HSS column wall b/t <= 1.4( E / Fy)^.5 = 35.15 for Fy=46,
where b = wall dimension - 3*t, chapter B4.
t = .93 * nominal thickness
HSS nominal thickness
calculated max HSS wall dim
1/8 in. (3.2) mm
4.44
(113)
3/16
(4.8)
6.65
(169)
1/4
(6.4)
8.87
(225)
5/16
(7.9)
11.09
(281)
3/8
(9.5)
13.31
(338)
1/2
(12.7)
17.74
(451)
5/8
(15.9)
22.18
(563)
1
(25.4)
35.48
(901)
(10)Bolt and weld design eccentricities:
(Volume II Appendix C, pages C-1 & C-2; LRFD 3rd ed, pg 10-112
Flexible support & std holes:
eb = MAX[| Row - 1 - a |, a ]
Rigid support & std holes:
eb = |Row -1 - a |
Flexible support & short slots: eb = MAX[ | 2 * Row / 3 - a |, a ]
Rigid support & short slots:
eb = | 2 * Row / 3 - a |
(Rigid supports when a > 3.5; eb will be the
the max of eb and a, and ew = eb )
ew = eb + a; (a = dim. from weld line to bolt group)
(11)Definition of a Rigid support:
Beam stiffness = Ix / Span Length
HSS/Pipe col stiffness = I / 120; average 10-0 story ht
The distance between beam end points must be less than
or equal to 2.5 * Tw, the supporting member web, or 2 in. max.
1.Beam to a girder web with a beam framing opposite,
and beam opposite stiffness >= beam stiffness.*
2.Beam to W col flange, with Col Ix >= 2 * Beam Ix.
3.Beam to W col flange, with tw_col >= tw_beam and
and beam opposite stiffness >= beam stiffness.
4.Beam to W col web, with Col Iy >= 2 * Beam Ix
and col T dist / Tw <= 24 *
5.Beam to W col web, with a beam framing opposite
and beam opposite stiffness >= beam stiffness.
6.Beam to a HSS or Pipe column; column not a slender wall
section & col stiffness >= beam stiffness.
* Depth of opposite beam >= to beam depth
These definitions are not part of the AISC procedure which
states: 'The rigidity of the support is left up to
engineering judgement' - Vol II page 3-103.
Page 98
(12)Extended single-plate (shear tab) design:
Design of Extended Shear Tabs, AISC final report, Oct 2002
Two to 10 bolt rows, one bolt column
Bolt line >= 2.5, <= 3.5 in. from the toe of the supporting mbr flange
A325, F1852, A490, or F2280 bolts, STD or SSL holes.
Stability PLs at top and bottom of a tab to a col web
Shear tab extended & welded to the top flg of a supporting bm.
Fillet weld size >= .75 * plate thickness
Dim a = distance from bolt line to centroid of weld group.
Eccentricity:
For n <= 6; eb = n <= Dim a
For n > 6; eb = 3 + n/2 <= Dim a
ew = (Dim a - eb - x_bar_weld
(13)Extended end plate moment connection:
Web weld is sized to develop the the beam web bending stress.
Eff. web weld length = dist from inner row of tension bolts +
2 * Bdia to the inside face of the compression flg. or beam
C/L to inside face of compression flg, whichever is smaller.
Un-stiffened four-tension bolt type:
1. A325, F1852, A490, or F2280 bolts, 3/4 to 1 1/2 dia.
2. Interactive stress checked for tension bolts in
in bearing type connections.
3. Horizontal gage <= beam tension flg width.
Stiffened eight-tension bolt type:
1. End plate material must be A36, Fy = 36 ksi.
2. Beam section must be hot-rolled and included in the
AISC Allowable stress Design Selection Table.
3. Pf must not exceed 2 1/2 inches.
Vertical spacing of tension bolts >= 3 * Db,
except 3 in. may be used for Db < 1 in.
4. Horizontal gage 5 1/2 to 7 1/2 inches.
5. Triangular stiff. thickness >= Tw
6. A325 or F1852 bolts only, 3/4 to 1 1/2 diameter.
7. Interactive stress checked for tension bolts in
bearing type connections.
When this connection frames to a W column web, the supporting
web strength needs to be evaluated.
(14)Shear connection design notes:

(Clip angle, Bent plate, Single-plate, Thru-plate, Tee,
Web plate, and End plate)
1. The connection depth will be >= half the supported
beam 'T' distance.
2. Valid dihedral angle for bent plates:
Two side conn or plate on acute angle side
only, 56 to 90 degrees.
Plate on obtuse angle side only 18 to 90 degrees.
3. Valid dihedral angle for shear tabs:
20 to 90 degrees.
4. The weld for a shear tee is designed to develop Ro.
Page
99
5. Shear tee design, AISC Vol II page 3-102:

One bolt column, 2 to 7 bolt rows
Std holes or short slots only
Valid for A325, F1852, A490, or F2280 bolts only; 3 in. spacing.
(SDS/2 accepts 2 3/4 to 3 1/4 inclusive)
Field bolts: Flexible support: eb = La
Rigid support: eb = 0
Shop bolts: Flexible support eb = 0
Rigid support eb = la_x
Shop weld:
Flexible support: ew = 0, Rigid support: ew = La
Bf/2Tf >= 6.5,
Db/Tw >= 2.0
(Tw/Db) / (Tf/Tw ) approx. = .25
Weld metal nominal tensile str. >= 60 ksi
6. Connections designed for axial load:
a. Non-moment end pl, except a 'notched' safety connection.
b. Extended end pl moment conn.
c. Two side clip angle -- except angles welded
to the supporting member.
d. Single-plate shear connection
'Full depth' connections are designed.
e. bolted moment beam splice.
f. beam-to-column bolted or welded moment connection:
level W section beam, perpendicular to W column
shear plate or clip angle web connection.
OS/Slotted holes in shear tab or L require slip-critical bolts.
Since Rbs is checked using only the shear load the
combined beam web stress is limited by calculation 169.
Local supporting web stress calculated by formulas 174, 175
& 176 will not fail a connection, but the limiting axial
load is shown on the design calculation print-out.
7. One-side (eccentric) clip angle:
Design is valid for Workable Gages, Figure 10-14.
Designs for connections using larger gages require
engineering evaluation.
Design is valid only for standard holes in the leg of a
clip angle bolted to a supporting member.
8. Web dblr. dsgn. valid only for Clip Ls or Bt pls

on bms with perp end cuts and no axial load.
Page 100
9. Thru plate, pipe or tube column:

(Not an AISC procedure)
Maximum of 3 bolt columns.
Bolt eccentricity = La.
Seven or fewer rows, weld eccentricity = MAX[ La, row ]
More than 7 rows, weld eccentricity = La
(For connections with La <= 3, one bolt column,
7 or fewer bolts, and tp <= .5 * Db + 1/16, .
the maximum weld size = .75 * tp)
(15)Vertical brace gusset connection interface forces:
Uniform Force Method, AISC Manual pg 13-3
(Applies to formulas 147 thru 157)
eb = dim from brace WP to beam flange
ec = dim from brace WP to face of column
theta = angle between brace and column
alpha_ = horiz dim from face of clips to ctr of guss conn
beta_ = vert dim from beam flg to ctr of gusset conn
Gusset edge at beam (welded) is the more rigid connection:
alpha = eb * TAN(theta) - ec + beta * TAN(theta)
beta = dist from bm flange to ctr of clip conn
Both gusset edge connections (clip angles) are equally stiff:
alpha = {K'*TAN(theta)+K*SQR[alpha_/beta_]}/D
beta = (K' - K * TAN(theta))/D
K' = alpha_*(TAN(theta) + alpha_/beta_)
D = SQR[TAN(theta)] + SQR[alpha_/beta_]
K = eb * TAN(theta) - ec
H = horiz component, V = vert. component, of brace Axial force P
r = SQRT[(alpha + ec)^2 + (beta + eb)^2]
Hb = alpha * P / r,
Vb = eb * P / r
Mb = Vb * |alpha - alpha_|
= 0 when |alpha - alpha_| <= .5
Hc = ec * P / r,
Vc = beta * P / r
Mc = Hc * |beta - beta_ |
The uniform force method requires that Vb and Hc
be included in the beam-column connection design.
AISC special cases:
Special case 1
Connection to a col flange:
The couples Mb = Hb*eb and Mc = Vc*ec/2 are considered
to have been included in the column and beam design.
See Vol II Connections, pages 7-154 and 7-155 for discussion.
Connection to a col web:
The couple Mb = Hb*(.5*Db) is considered to
to have been included in the beam design.
See Vol II Connections, page 7-143 for discussion.
Page 101
Special case 2, minimizing shear in the beam-to-col conn.:
Vb is reduced by Delta_Vb
Guss to col interface: Vc + Delta_Vb
Mub = Delta_Vb * alpha
See LRFD Vol II page 11-22 for discussion.
(16)Bent plate connections:
Bending is checked for both legs of one-side connections.
Design is valid only for standard holes in the leg to
the supporting member of a one-side conn.
(17)Double L and C brace stitch plates:
Stitch plate spacing is calculated using the overall length of
the brace, in accordance with AISC sections D4 & E6.
(18)Notes for 'heavy' clip angles, two bolt columns in each leg:
The shear strength is reduced only for the inside bolt columns
nearest the beam web. Only these bolts are assumed effective
in resisting the beam's axial tension force.
Eccentricity is considered in the design of web bolt brg.
and shear stress, using the elastic method of analysis.
(19)Seated connections:
Beam to seat connection made using A325, F1852, A490, or F2280 bolts.
For stiffened seats, the stiffener is finished to
bear on the seat plate or angle leg.
Weld return length = .2 * stiffener depth for all
plate and tee seats.
Stiffened PL & Tee seat design procedure is valid for:
Seats on W col webs -1. 'Standard' column sections
2. Seat pls not welded to col flanges
(Welding seat pls to the col flanges may induce
moments into the column cross section.)
3. Beam to seat connection bolts located <=.
the maximum of .5*seat width or 2 5/8
inches from the face of the web.
(20)Definition of
1.
2.
3.
4.
a standard W column section:

T / tw <= 36.1
Nominal depth <= 14
d * tw^3 / ( bf * tf^3 ) <= .362
Wt per ft <= 730
(21)Welding:
Reference code: AWS D1.1-96 Structural Welding Code
Page 102
Maximum effective fillet weld sizes:

(LRFD) Fv = PHI * .6Fexx; shear yielding
(ASD) Fv = .6Fexx / OMEGA
t = appropriate supported or supporting member thickness
Vc = coefficient tabulated below
Eff_weld = (LRFD) PHI * .6Fy * t / (.707 * Fv * Vc)
= (ASD) .6Fy * t / OMEGA * t / (.707 * Fv * Vc)
Two side clip L, Bent pl, or End shear pl to a
supported beam web, Vc = 2
One side clip L or Bent pl to supported beam web, Vc = 1
Seats on opposite sides of a W col web,Vc = 2
Seats on a W col flg, or web without a member opposite
or Seats to a tube column, Vc = 1
Brace gusset pl to beam or col, Vc = 2
Effective throat for skew fillet welds:
theta1 = Acute dihedral angle
theta2 = 180 - Theta1
Weld1 = weld size on acute angle side
Weld2 = weld size on obtuse angle side
T1 = .5 * Weld1 / SIN(.5 * theta1) - Z loss reduction
Z loss = 1/4, Theta1 < 45; 1/8, 45 < Theta1 < 60 degrees
Alpha = Theta2 - 90,
theta = 90 - theta2 / 2
K = t * TAN(Alpha) * SIN(Theta)
T2 = .5 * Weld2 / SIN(.5 * thetai2) - K
Eff_throat = T1 + T2
(90 deg dihedral angle: Eff_throat = SIN(45) * Weld1 * 2)
Fillet weld strength, Table J2.5.
Rn = Fw * Aw
(J2-3)
Complete joint penetration welds:
CJP welds may be designed for a beam flange at
an extended moment end pl, flange plate moment connection to
a W column, column flange stiffener, shear tab or a skew end
plate. Matching weld metal must be used for these welds. See
AISC Table J2.5 & AWS D1.1, Table 3.1
Single-plate shear connection weld types:
Dihedral angle = 90 degrees: perpendicular fillets
90 > Dihedral angle >= 60 degrees:
Skew fillets with a Rn1 <= 3/16 in.
TCU-4b with a Rn1 exceeding 3/16 in.
(AWS D1.1, figure 3.11)
60 > Dihedral angle >= 45 degrees: TCU-4b
Prequalified
45 > Dihedral angle >= 20 degrees: TCU-4a
Not prequalified
20 degrees > Dihedral angle: not allowed.
(22)Transverse beam stiffeners:

Stiffeners are designed in accordance with sec. J10.8.
Stiffener welds are the AISC minimum size fillets and
the stiffener ends must be finished to bear on the
loaded flange.
Page 103
(23)Combined stress:
Where the maximum normal and shear stress occur at the same
time, a linear interaction equation may be used:
fv/Fv + fb/Fb <= 1, or fv/Fv + ft/Ft <= 1.
(There is a brief discussion of this in 'Engineering Journal'
third quarter, 1986)
For an alternate method see miscellaneous note 32.
(24)Extended clip angle connection:
An extended clip angle may be used on a beam without an axial load
and with a square end cut. The yield strength of the web pl
extension must match the yield strength of the beam, and
a CJP weld must be used at the junction of the pl and beam.
(25)Clip angles shop welded to a supporting HSS col:
When the toe of the leg attached to the column extends past the column
the flare-bevel-groove shop weld at the tube radius corner must provide
an effective throat dimension equal to the fillet weld size shown on
the detail and design calculation.
(26)HSS Design wall thickness:
The design wall thickness is taken as .93 times the nominal wall
thickness for HSS sections not manufactured by the submerged arc
welding process: see the Specification for the Design of Steel
Hollow Structural Sections, section 1.2.1 and commentary.
(27)Column web panel-zone shear, J10-9 and CJ10.6:
Total shear; (LRFD) Sigma Fu, (ASD) Sigma F
dc = column depth, Tw = total column web thickness
Rn = .6Fy * dc * Tw
(LRFD) Min Tw = Sigma Fu / (PHI * .6Fy * dc)
(ASD) Min Tw = Sigma F / (.6Fy * dc / OMEGA)
(28)Concentrated forces on HSS
Formulas 264 and 265 are from the Specification
for the Design of Steel Hollow Structural Sections,
Sections 8.1 and 8.2; 2005 Specification sections
K1.3 and K1.4. The resistance is based on the
connection element being centered on the supporting
member. Qf is calculated using the compression
load at the bottom of the supporting column.
Page 104
(29)W Beam or Column web stress under a K brace gusset PL:
Web stress is calculated using the input brace forces.
Theta = the angle between the brace and the member
Ecc = the eccentricity of the brace normal force
measured from the gusset C/L
Normal forces: Tn1, Tn2, Cn1, Cn2 = brace force * Sin( Theta )
Tn1, Cn1 -- ten and comp on the first brace
Tn2, Cn2 -- ten and comp on the second brace
Eff web length = gusset length + 5 * k_dist_bm
A = tw * eff web length, S = tw * (eff web len)^2 / 6
Fp = P/A +- M/S
Fp is the max resulting from combinations:
Tn1 & Tn2, Cn1 & Cn2, Tn1 & Cn2, and Cn1 & Tn2.
M = appropriate force, Tn or Cn * Ecc.
The results shown are the max Fp, tension and comp. stress.
(30)Extended shear end plate for axial loads:
For a tension loaded end plate connection to a column:
The flange-to-plate weld is designed for the flange's portion of
the axial load. The web-to-plate weld is designed for the web's
portion of the axial load plus the beam end reaction.
Prying action is based on the larger of: the distance from the face
of the web to the bolt, and the inside of the flange to the bolt.
The vertical eccentricity from the c.g. of the bolt group to the
beam's longitudinal axis is considered for the limit states
applying to the bolts, and plate: formulas 27, 60 & 61.
The user must verify that adequate connection rotation
capacity is provided for gravity loads.
(31)Safety seat angle:
The angle seat design is based on a load of one-half
the beam section weight, with a minimum of .7 kip.
The design limit states are: bolt shear, bolt bearing
on the angle, and OSL bending stress;
formula (1) for bolt shear and (28) for OSL bending.
(32)Whitmore effective width section:
The theoretical Whitmore section, at the end of
a connection, is determined by spreading the force out
at an angle of 30 degrees along both sides of the
connection length. The Whitmore section is limited by the
edges of the element and may not spread out past
these edges. See Fig 9-1 in the AISC manual.
Page 105
(33)Combined stress, Huber-von Mises yield criterion for plane stress:
tau = applied shear stress
sigma = applied tension stress
sigma1 = .5 * sigma + sqrt( .25 * sqr(sigma) + sqr(tau) )
sigma2 = .5 * sigma - sqrt( .25 * sqr(sigma) + sqr(tau) )
Salmon/Johnson, 'Steel Structures' 3rd edition, formula 2.6.2:
sqr(Y) = sqr(sigma1) - sigma1 * sigma2 + sqr(sigma2)
substituting:
sqr(Y) = sqr(sigma) + 3 * sqr(tau)
Y = Fy/1.67 for ASD;
.9Fy for LRFD
(34) Fully restrained (FR) moment connections.
Eccentricity is neglected in the design of the web shear conn.
Refer to AISC Manual of Steel Construction
part 12, page 12-2; discussion under FR MOMENT CONNECTIONS.
There is a similar discussion in VOLUME II, CONNECTIONS,
chapter 4, summary on page 4-8, item 6, and page 4-11 items
7 and 9, and also AISC 3rd Ed LRFD page 12-3.
Connection to a W column web:
For the case when there is a stiffener or matching moment
connection on the opposite side of the col web, the welds
connecting the beam's moment flange PL to the col web and flange
are fully effective for resisting the flange force.
For the case of an un-stiffened column web, no opposing stiffener
or moment connection, the strength of the flange Pl to column
web conn is based on a reduced weld strength and may be limited
by the column web local bending strength. See AWS Welding Handbook,
9th edition Vol 1, page 181, fig 5.19 for a discussion.
Page 106
(35)MBMA / AISC flush and extended moment end plate connections,
Steel Design Guide Series 16, Appendix B, Bolted end-plate
connection analysis flowchart.
Plate behavior/controlling condition is displayed on the
connection strength check printout.
The procedure is limited to tested sections outlined in the
design guide, welded-plate or hot-rolled sections meeting the
following parameters:
Flush end plate, figure 1-3, four configurations:
(a) two-bolt unstiffened
SDS/2 #1
(b) four-bolt unstiffened
SDS/2 #2
(c) four-bolt stiffened, web stiffener
between tension bolts
SDS/2 #3
(d) four-bolt stiffened, web stiffener
below tension bolts
SDS/2 #4
Section: Depth
8 to 24 in.
Bf
5 to 6 in.
Tf
3/16 to 3/8 in.
Connection gage:
2 1/4 to 3 3/4 in.
Extended end plate, figure 1-4, five configurations:
(a) four-bolt unstiffened
SDS/2 #5
(b) four-bolt stiffened
SDS/2 #6
(c) multiple row 1/2 unstiffened
SDS/2 #7
(d) multiple row 1/3 unstiffened
SDS/2 #8
(e) multiple row 1/3 stiffened
SDS/2 #9
Section:
Depth 15 3/4 to 62 in.
Bf
6 to 10 1/4 in.
Tf
3/8 to 1 in.
Connection gage: 2 3/4 to 7 in.
ASTM A325, F1852, A490, and F2280 bolts
Refer to the design guide for additional information.
(36)W section gages
The use of a 2 1/4 inch flange gage is allowed on W4 thru W12
sections with 4 inch wide flanges, provided bolt diameters less
than or equal to 3/4 in and non-oversize holes are used. Since
this may violate the edge distance and entry/tightening
clearance requirements, the user is responsible for verifying the
connection configuration. Refer to AISC LRFD 3rd ed Nomenclature
under 'Workable Gage.'
(37)Brace gusset compression buckling check K factors

Gusset PL types:
1
7
8
10
11
13
14
15
19 -
Page 107
Angle,Tee, single horiz brace to a beam web

Angle, Tee, C, vert brace to a column
Two hole group shared gusset for an
Angle, Tee horiz brace and Angle, Tee, C, vert brace
Angle, Tee horiz brace to a beam flange
Angle, Tee, C vert brace to a column and base/cap plate
Angle, Tee horiz brace perp to a beam flange or web
W, HSS brace to a column
two hole group shared gusset, W or HSS section
W, HSS brace to a column and base/cap plate
Angle, Tee, C vertical brace to a beam flange
W, HSS brace to a beam
Three hole group shared gusset, Angle, Tee horiz brace,
Angle, Tee, C vertical brace
Two hole group shared gusset, W, HSS brace
K = 1.2
2 -
Intersection gusset, Angle, Tee, C, HSS vert brace and

Angle, Tee, HSS horiz brace
K = .65
4 - Angle, Tee, C vertical brace to a beam and column

12 - W, HSS vertical brace to a beam and column
K = .5
5 9 -
Horiz brace to two beams with or without an interposed

column, notched gusset corner
Horiz brace to two beams with or without an interposed
column, diagonal corner cut
K = 1.0
HSS brace, welded tee fitting, stem plate

HSS brace, paddle plate
K = 1.2
Any other, default, gusset type
K = 1.0
(38)AUTO load calculations
Page 108
For vertical and horizontal braces:

The AUTO tension load is a percentage of the brace's gross
tension load capacity calculated in accordance with Section D2
The AUTO compression load is a percentage of the brace's
compression load capacity calculated in accordance with
Section E3.
For beams:
The AUTO shear load is either a percentage of the beam's uniform
allowable load OR a percentage of the beam's maximum web shear
capacity. The uniform allowable load is the distributed load
which causes a simply supported beam of the same length as the
member to yield in flexure at the beam's midspan. The maximum
web shear is calculated in accordance with Section G2.1.
The AUTO moment load is a percentage of the section's moment
capacity calculated in accordance with Section F2.1.
For columns:
The AUTO compression load is the column's capacity in compression
assuming it has an effective length of zero.
The AUTO moment is taken as 6 kips for ASD (10 kips for LRFD)
times the depth of the section.
The percentages for the AUTO loads are input on the
Design Criteria screen in Setup Job or Fabricator Options.
*** END OF COVER SHEET ***

Limit State Definitions of The Connection Design Calculations SDS2 V7331

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Limit State Definitions of The Connection Design Calculations SDS2 V7331

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CONNECTION CALCULATION COVER SHEET

Section gross area or

CHAPTER B DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Allowable strength = Pn/OMEGA (ASD)

Allowable strength = Pn/OMEGA (ASD)

CHAPTER E DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION

CHAPTER G DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR SHEAR

Allowable strength = Vn/OMEGA (ASD)

G2 -- Members with unstiffened or stiffened webs

Unsymmetric and other members subject to flexure

Members under torsion and combined torsion, flexure

I2.2b Compressive strength

Positive flexural strength

Negative flexural strength

Allowable strength Pn/OMEGA

J8 -- Column bases and bearing on concrete

Gross tension yielding

HSS & Box member Connections

CONNECTION STRENGTH CALCULATIONS, AISC 2010 SPECIFICATION

Load = Allowable connection shear reaction for

LRFD design strength / ASD allowable strength

(1) Bolt shear, eccentricity not considered:

Shear yielding Sect. J4.2

(3) Bolt shear, eccentricity considered:

(7) Coped beam resistance to block shear, welded clip:

(8) Beam web shear, welded end PL shear connection:

(14) Intersection gusset tension, angle brace to

(15) Connection gross shear:

Load applied at a dist. < d/2 from top of column,

(27) Allowable load for bolts with applied axial tension:

(30) Plate or Tee seat weld:

(38) Single Pl shear connection yield strength:

(40) Clip angle connection with axial tension,

(42) Stiffened beam web (transverse stiffener):

(43) Clip angle connection with axial tension,

(45) Not used

tension & comp:

PHI * Rn; (ASD) ft1 = Rn/OMEGA

Moment = (D+t) * MIN[ft1,ft2,fc1]

(51) Pl to Flange fillet weld, extended End-Plate:

(52) Pl to Web fillet weld shear strength, extended End-Plate:

(54) Tube column butt plate:

(64) Coped beam web reinforced with bolted doubler PLs:

(75) Combined beam web stress, end PL with axial load:

(76) Moment, flange-angle connection,

(81) Eight-bolt Stiffened extended End-Plate:

c/l of flg moment Pls

(LRFD) Moment = PHI*Rn * D

(LRFD) Load = maximum V so that Rv <= PHI * Rn

Brace connected to two members with 2 columns of bolts:

web splice -= t * ( Col_spa - Dh )

(109) Beam net section moment strength, F13.1:

channel brace gross area axial stress:

(123) Tee or channel brace net section axial tension:

stress - two parallel fillet welds,

(157) VB Gusset clip L OSL bolt bearing:

(158) Not used

(168) Bolt shear strength at beam connections, horizontal:

Gusset PL to beam flange bolts -p1 = Rv * Row1,

clip angle bolts -= dist from bolt line to face of bm web

theta = plane angle between the brace and beam 2

L shaped and [ shaped failure pattern

(LRFD) Moment = PHIRn D