Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 Matter and Measurement

    Uploaded by

    notyouravguplo876
    43 views1 page
    The document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry including the three states of matter, mixtures and their properties, elements, physical and chemical properties, and types of chemical and physical changes. It defines fundamental terms like density, temperature scales, and accuracy and precision in measurements. Key points covered include the particulate nature of matter, distinguishing homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, common physical properties, and writing chemical equations.

    Original Description:

    h

    Original Title

    apch01_bluffguide

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry including the three states of matter, mixtures and their properties, elements, physical and chemical properties, and types of chemical and physical changes. It defines fundamental terms like density, temperature scales, and accuracy and precision in measurements. Key points covered include the particulate nature of matter, distinguishing homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, common physical properties, and writing chemical equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    43 views1 page

    1 Matter and Measurement

    Uploaded by

    notyouravguplo876
    The document provides an overview of key concepts in chemistry including the three states of matter, mixtures and their properties, elements, physical and chemical properties, and types of chemical and physical changes. It defines fundamental terms like density, temperature scales, and accuracy and precision in measurements. Key points covered include the particulate nature of matter, distinguishing homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, common physical properties, and writing chemical equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 1

    South Pasadena AP Chemistry

    [Keep for Reference]

    1 Matter and Measurement


    BLUFFERS

    1. Matter
    Normally exists in 3 physical states:
    LiquidFixed volume, Fluid; Takes on the shape of
    lower part of container; well-defined surface
    Solid
    Rigid Shape; very little volume change as
    temperature and pressure change
    Gas
    Volume expands to fill the container; volume
    varies according to temperature and pressure
    Kinetic Molecular Theory
    The idea that matter consists of molecules or
    atoms that are in constant, random motion.
    Kinetic Energy = Energy of motion; higher
    temperature = more motion
    Macroscopic seen with the eyes.
    Microscopic seen with a microscope
    Particulate or Submicroscopic Structures
    at the atomic level (what we think about)
    Mixtures
    Heterogeneous Mixture A mixture where
    the properties of the mixture vary
    throughout. (Like an Oatmeal cookie, the
    different components are visible)
    Homogeneous Mixture Also called a
    solution, where the components mix at a
    molecular level; different properties of the
    mixtures are unnoticeable.
    Purification The separation of a mixture
    into its components. (techniques: distillation,
    filtration, & chromatography)

    2. Elements

    GUIDE

    3. Physical Properties
    Properties of a lone sample (ex. mass, volume,
    boiling temp, melting temp, conductivity, etc.)
    Density is the physical property that relates the
    mass of an object to its volume
    Mass
    Density =
    /Volume
    Extensive Property Properties, like mass and
    volume, that depend on the amount of substance
    Intensive Properties Properties like color and
    density; independent of the amount of substance
    Temperature -- how hot a substance is;
    physical properties (like density) vary with temp
    Celsius 0C for freezing point of water and
    100C for melting point of water.
    Kelvin same scale as Celsius; 0C = -273 K;
    0 K = no motion; Celsius o + 273 = Kelvin

    4. Chemical Properties
    How substance interacts with other substances.
    Ex. forms gas with acid; burns in air, etc.

    5. Physical and Chemical Change


    Physical Change where the identity of all the
    substances remain unchanged (melting, boiling,
    grinding, pounding into sheets, etc.)
    Chemical Change (Reaction) atoms
    rearrange to convert one substance into another
    Chemical Equation A representation of the
    chemical reaction taking place
    Example: P4 + 6Cl2 4PCl3

    6. Measurements/Calculations
    Accuracy how close to a true value;
    quantified by percent error.

    A substance that cannot be decomposed


    further by chemical means

    Precision how close measurements are to


    each other. Measured by significant figures or
    notation. [I assume you know metric system.]

    Names given by symbols: Example: Helium


    = He, Gold = Au, Aluminum = Al

    Dimensional Analysis use of a conversion


    factor to change units (ex: metric conversions,
    mass & volume, time units, etc.)

    You might also like