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Motion
IMPORTANT NOTES
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(ii) T
he displacement of body can be calculated
from the area under graph line.
(iii) T
he displacement of a body can be
calculated by finding area under the
velocity-time graph line.
22. If a body having initial velocity u is acted
upon an acceleration a for the time t such
that v is its final velocity and s is distance
covered then :
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(i) v = u + at
(ii) s = ut + at2
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(iii) v2 = u2 + 2as
23. Uniform circular motion : When a body moves
in a circular path with uniform motion.
(i) T
he body is moving with a variable
velocity, but uniform acceleration.
(ii) T
he uniform acceleration/deceleration
can be calculated by finding slope of
the graph. If the slope is positive then
it is positive acceleration. If slope is
negative then it is retardation.
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(1 Mark)
Time
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(2 marks)
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DISTANCE (M)
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(i) A - B
(ii) B - C
(iii) C - D
13. An athlete completes one round of a circular
track of diameter 49 m in 20 s. Calculate the
distance covered and displacement at the end of
30 s.
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7. A particle moves 3 m north, then 4 m east and 14. The graph given below is the distance - time
finally 6 m south. Calculate the displacement.
graph of an object.
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(i) Find the speed of the object during first four
8. A body can have zero average velocity but not
seconds of its journey
zero average speed. Justify.
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(ii) How long was it stationary?
9. A train 100 m long is moving with a velocity
(iii) Does it represents a real situation? Justify
of 60 kmh1. Find the time it takes to cross the
your answer.
bridge 1 km long.
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Distance
travelled by
object B in m.
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9.30 a.m
9.45 a.m
10.00 a.m
10.15 a.m
10.30 a.m
10.45 a.m
11.00 a.m
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Distance
travelled by
object A in m.
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Time
8.00 am
8.15 am
8.30 am
8.45 am
9.00 am
Distance
10 km
20 km
30 km
40 km
50 km
Time (s)
(b)
(d)
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(3 Marks)
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(i) acceleration
Speed (ms )
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(ii) Find the acceleration of the car.
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From the given data find the value of 'a' (i) from
A to B (ii) from B to C (iii) from C to D
10. Starting from a stationary position , Rehan
paddles his bicycle to attain a velocity of 6 m/s
in 30 s. Then he applies brakes such that the
velocity of the bicycle comes down to 4 m/s in
the next 5 s. Calculate the acceleration of the
bicycle in both the cases.
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Thread
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Time (s)
100
Time
100
Distance
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Displacement (m)
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Distance
Distance
Time
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(5 Marks)
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1.
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(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
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0 2
Displacement (m)
0 2
10 12 14 16
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Time (s)
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1. Objective
Materials Required
Procedure
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Velocity
Materials Required :
10 m of paper tape (1 cm wide), a ticker timer,
scissors, glue, pencil and scale.
Velocity
2. Objective
To prepare strip chart of : (i) Uniform velocity and
time (ii) Variable velocity and time
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Time
Time
B. Group Discussion
Procedure :
C. Classroom Quiz
1. Which of the two is either smaller or equal to
amongst distance and displacement for a moving
body.
2. A cockroach runs a distance of 4 m in 2 s
randomly. State whether speed of the cockroach
is 2 ms1 or the velocity of the cockroach is
2 ms1.
3. The distance of an object is 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and
15 centimetres from zero to 5 seconds.
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D. Experiments
1. To plot a distance-time (s t) graph for a body
moving with uniform speed from the data given
below and hence calculate the speed of the
object.
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Procedure :
1. Count the mm available on x-axis, starting from
origin on the lower left hand side of the graph.
You will observe that there are 170 mm.
2. Count the number of points of time to be plotted
on the x-axis. You will observe it is 12 s.
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1.
Value of
Value of dis- t t S S
Value of
Value of
S2 S1
2
1
2
1
distance for
Speed =
tance for
time for
time for
t 2 t1
first point t1 second point t2 first point S1 second point S2
S.no
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2.
3.
4.
5.
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Conclusions
1. Speed of body is 4 ms1.
2. The body is moving with a uniform speed.
3. The graph of (s t) is a straight line, if the
body is moving with a uniform speed.
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Applications
1. The slope of (s t) graphs is the measure of
speed of a moving object. Plot (s t) graphs
of different moving objects, the steepest slope
shall have the highest speed. Such graphs are
helpful in finding comparative speeds of different
objects.
2. From s t graph are we can find the speed of
the moving object at a time which is not plotted
on the graph, by extrapolating the graph.
Time in seconds
Velocity in ms1
Science Quiz
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S.no Value of
Value of
Value of veloc- t t v v
Value of
2
1
2
1
velocity
from
ity from second
time from
time from
point v2
first point t1 second point t2 first point v1
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Acceleration =
v2 v1
t2 t1
3. Calculation of distance
Tabulate t1, t2, v1 and v2 as above. Calculate distance covered by the formula s =
S.no
1.
1
(v + v2) (t2 t1).
2 1
t2 t1
Value of Value of veloc- Distance (s) =
Value of
Value of
velocity from ity from second 1
time from
time from
(v + v1) (t2 t1)
first point v1
first point t1 second point t2
point v2
2 2
2.
3.
4.
Conclusions :
1. Acceleration of the object is 2 ms2.
2. The body is moving with variable velocity, but
uniform acceleration.
3. The graph of (v t) is a straight line, when an
object moves with uniform acceleration.
4. The slope of (v t) graph gives the acceleration
of the body.
5. The area under the given points of (v t)
graph gives, the distance travelled in that time
interval.
5.
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Science Quiz :
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Applications :
1. If the (v t) graph is a straight line, then an
object moves with uniform acceleration and
variable velocity.
2. The slope of v t graph is the measure of
acceleration. More is the slope, higher is the
acceleration of the object.
3. The area under (v t) graph gives the measure
of distance covered by a body. Larger the area
under the (v t) graph line, more is the distance
covered.
4. By plotting two or more graphs of v t on
the same graph paper, one can compare the
acceleration and distances covered by two or
more bodies.
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