Law of Interaction

Newtons Laws of Motion

Reaction Forces
Normal Force
is a reaction force, perpendicular to the surface
(surface being a plane) of contact, of the contact
force exerted on an object by,
for example, the surface of a floor or wall, preventing
the object from penetrating the surface.

Frictional Force, friction

is a reaction force that is parallel to the surface contact
and is always opposite of motion

Cause of Friction
Friction Force vs. Weight

Cause of Friction: the

Ff

microscopic roughness between

surfaceslike two gears locking
together.

Friction due to the Surface

How does the corrugated surface change Friction?

Corrugations in the surfaces grind when things slide.
Lubricants fill in the gaps and let things slide more easily.

 Factors that affect Sliding Friction:

a. The normal Force acting on an object. FN (Fg

only equals FN in a

special circumstance, ie. lab)

b. The coefficient of Friction ( k < s, unitless) The texture of the surfaces. The
stickiness between surfaces.

Relation of Normal Force and Friction

=
=

=

Coefficient of Friction
Material on Material

s = static friction

k = kinetic friction

steel / steel

0.6

0.4

add grease to steel

0.1

0.05

metal / ice

0.022

0.02

brake lining / iron

0.4

0.3

tire / dry pavement

0.9

0.8

tire / wet pavement

0.8

0.7
7

Example 1

A 70 N Force was pulling10 kg box along a surface.

If = 0.8 = 0.7, What is the acceleration of
the box?
= + =
= + =
+ = (0 / 2 )
9.8
+ (10)( 2 ) = 0

98 = 0
= 98

Example 1
A 70 N Force was pulling10 kg box along a surface. If =
0.8 = 0.7, What is the acceleration of the box?
= = 0.8 98 = 78.4
Evaluate: if >
78.4 > 70
,

= + =
= + 70 =
= 70 + 70 = 0

Example 2

An 80 N Force was pulling10 kg box along a

surface. If = 0.8 = 0.7, What is the
acceleration of the box?
= + =
= + =
+ = (0 / 2 )
9.8
+ (10)( 2 ) = 0

98 = 0
= 98

Example 2
An 80 N Force was pulling10 kg box along a surface.
If = 0.8 = 0.7, What is the acceleration of the box?
= = 0.8 98 = 78.4
Evaluate: if <
,
,

= = 0.7 98 = 68.6
= + =
= + 80 =

= 68.6 + 80 = 11.4 = 11.4 = (10)

11.4 = 10 = 1.14 / 2

A father was playing with his daughter in

the snow. The father was exerting a 100 N
force at a 30 degree angle with respect to
the horizontal to drag the 60 kg mass of
both his daughter and the sled. Find the
acceleration of the sled if the coefficient of
friction between the snow and sled is 0.15
for static and 0.10 for kinetic

FN

FA

Ff

() = cos 30 =
100 30
= 86.6

FN
FA
FA(y)

Ff

() = sin(30) =
100 30
= 50

FA(x)
= () + =
W
= () + + =

FN

= () + =

FA
FA(y)

Ff
FA(x)

W
From Previous page
() = cos 30 =
100 30
= 86.6
() = sin(30) =
100 30
= 50

= () + + =

= 50 + + 60(9.8 2 ) =

50 + 588 = 60(0)
538 = 0
= 538

= = (538) = (0.15)(538)
= 80.7
() >
= = 0.10 538 = 53.8
= () + =
86.6 + 53.8 =
32.8 = 60( )
= 0.547/2

Calvin and Hobbes were moving at 10 m/s

when they encountered a patch of snow
such that they slowed down to stop 20 m
away. If the mass of Calvin, Hobbes and
their sled is 50 kg, find:

Normal Force present

Frictional Force present
Coefficient of friction ( )

2 2
S =

2
2 2 02 (10/)2
a=
=
2S
2(20)
= 2.5/ 2

FN
Ff

= = = 50(2.5 2 )

= 125

= + =

= + 50 9.8 2 = 0

490 = 0
= 490

= = 490
125
=
=
= 0.255
490

A hockey puck was sliding in a

layer of air in an air hockey table.

= =

It has a mass of 0.125 kg and

moving at 5 m/s when the
machine was turned off causing
the puck to slide in the table.
If the coefficient of friction is
0.65,
How much time will elapse
before the puck stops?

Ff

FN

= + =

= + 0.125 9.8 2 = 0

1.225 = 0
= 1.225
= = 0.65 1.225 = 0.79625

V = 5m/s

= =
0.79625 = 0.125

0.79625
=
= 6.37/ 2
0.125

A hockey puck was sliding in a

layer of air in an air hockey table. It
has a mass of 0.125 kg and moving
at 5 m/s when the machine was
turned off causing the puck to slide
in the table.
If the coefficient of friction is 0.65,
How much time will elapse before
the puck stops?

FN
Ff

V = 5m/s

From Kinematics:

=

0/ 5/
=
6.37/2
= 0.785