THE C.S.A.

SURVIVAL

MANUAL

Printed Spring, l9g2

INTRODU CT I

ON

"The Lord is exalted. He dwelleth on high. The

fear of the Lord is His treasure."
There are numerous survival books on the market
today but none such as this. They te11 you about
physical preparation and self-sufficiency and in so
doing serve a good and useful function. But... there
is more !
In telling you about financial collapse, nuclear
r^rar, famine, rioEs and a host of other calamities, they
do not reveal all the truth!
It is simple!
The planet earEh is about to become the battleground between the forces of God, led by Jesus Christ,
King of Kings, Lord of Lords and the serpent, father of
deceit, Satan and his seed, the satanic blood-line Jews
and those who have been deceived or bought off.
As survivalists, the odds are hopeless. But...
as Christians, WE HAVE READ THE BOOK! WE KNOW HOW IT
ENDS! Those who endure to the end shall be saved!
We at C.S.A. have been called to serve Jesus, to
be counted among His army, to help prepare His people.
hle are not in this for money or personal gain. We are
here to serve. A11 praise to our Lord Jesus Christ!
A11 blessings upon Him!
This manual is one of the ways that Jesus has ordained for us to raise His Standard among His people.
We urge you to turn your life over to Jesus, to praise
His name before all.
The
Christians are headed for the tribulation.
days ahead are a chance to truly show our love and faith
in God. Do not let rhe judgments Ehat are about to fa11
turn you against God. UndersEand that this is the cleansing process needed before the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus
Christ can be established. A11 the pain, suffering and
travail that is coming will vanish like dew in the noonday sun. It will vanish and be as nought in the glory
of our Lord.

-1I

This is a manual for now, in the period before

the collapse of the world as r,re know it. It will
help you to select the items that will help you survive.
It is also a manual for after the collapse. Providing useful information on a varieEy of important
topics.
We urge you to prePare now. Time is short and
no man can say when the last straw will break the
camelrs back. While the information within is important, seek the Lord and His guidance in all things
May this manual help you to Prepare, to endure,
to understand. Do not despair. Do noE be afraid.
The Lord Jesus Christ is with His people.

-2-

CITY

SURVIVAL?

As instructors at the C.S.A. Survival School, we

are often asked about survivat in the city. We have
yet to find one major city in the U.S. worth dying
in or living for. Two things are destined to happen
in the coming collapse of our nat.ion:
1) Internal Warfare---This consists of racial
riots, looting, and gang crime uprising. Does
this sound familiar? It should; it has happened in major U.S. cities before. you can
expect a 1ot more in the future.
2) Terrorism---This is the new warfare that the
USSR and other Communistic countries are already trained in. The idea behind terrorism
is to cause deterioration in military and civilian morale by the constant threat of bombings, kidnappings, murderings, rapes, etc.
Fear is ministered by burning or physical mutilation to live captives. The only people
in the U.S. that are even partly trained in
anti-terrorism tactics are police SWAT (Special Weapons arid Tactics) teams. On a large
scale terrorist attack, there wouldntt be a
fraction of needed personnel to fill SWAT pos itions .
Where are Ehese two types of revolution going to
take place most of the time? The communistic belief
is if you control the cities, your11 control the
country; note Afghanista'n, South Africa, poland, and
others, and terrorism is in the cities first.
Have you ever seen a bloody, grotesque half-rotten
animal or even a human body before? If not, it is
enough to make you sick if you get close to it.
Now,
imagine this on a large scale---1etrs say half the
people in your city get killed and their dead bodies
are tying in the streets unburied. Sounds like a
pretty bad environment to live in, doesntt it? No
one likes thinking about this, for it is not. a very
pleasant subject, nevertheless reality must be met
tace to face.

During the rioting and terrorism, things are gocome to a stand sti11. This means affer just
three days, there will be no food in the cities!
Now, hunger does strange things to a personts reasoning. If you have food and another man doesntt,
but he has a gun, what do you think will happen?
Thatrs pretty easy to answer!
Water will be a problem. There will noE be any
good water. This, combined wiEh starvation and living condit.ions, will cause disease. No one will be
immune to this in the cities !
Here's something else to consider. The prisons
and jails are going to open and the prisoners are
going to be freed! One third of all U.S. Military
arms are now missing. Naturally, some of these guns
are in the prisonerst hands now. No one will be safe

ing to

at all in the city. No building will

left standing when the dust clears.

anywhere

Much more

be

could be said about the coming Eimes,

all of it most unpleasant. What can be done? This

manual, in the following pages, will hopefully help
the reader to know what to do and how to survive.

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I
I

TABLE OF

CONTENTS

Chapter

Page

Int.roduction..

......1

City Survival?
Firearms, Weapons, Knives
:

and

Gear

....6

Food, Water, and

Personal

Home

Clothing

Defense..

....56
......81

Naturat Survival

First-Aid

and

Nuclear Survival
A Final

I
r

i
j

l^Iord.

....146
.

-5-

...

.169

Chapter One:
FIREARMS, WEAPONS, KNIVES,

AND

GEAR

FIREARMS

The liberals and communists have so far failed to

prohibit private ownership of firearms in this country.
While you can 1egal1y do so, v/e urge you to invest in
several firearms for the family. Firearrns fa1l under
two categories, defensive and hunting. Most firearms
can be used in both functions, often very effectively.
The following firearms are ones we recommend though
there are other fine firearms not listed here. They are
not the most expensive nor are they the least. The
performance of the weapons we recommend is outstanding
in all cases.
Shotgun

For close-up shooting, the shotgun should be one of

the first guns to consider for survival. Because of their
versatility they can fulfil1 most needs. With small
shot you can hunt any smal1 game and with buckshot or
slugs, most larger animals. Number 4 buck is best for
defense against people and Breneke slugs can stop a car
in its tracks.
Many good shotguns are produced in this country and
abroad. Several can be recommended here as top choice
for survival. Since its introduction in the early 1950's,
over three million Remington 870ts have been made. The
870 is a rugged, dependable American-made !/eapon. It
is a pump shotgun. It can be fitted with an extension
tube to allow up to 10 shells (shotgun ammo is referred
to as shells) at one time. Other accessories can be
added to make this a formidable combat \{eapon. These
include the pistol grip stock, sling, folding stock and
extension clamps. We recommend a 20 inch barrel with
an 8 shot extension. The very end of the barrel is
where the choke is. A 20 inch barrel with a modified
choke will shoot as good as a 26 inch barrel with modified choke, plus it is shorter.
The Ithaca Model 37 is also a very fine pump. It
has advantages as well as disadvantages when compared
to the Remington 870. The Ithaca can be fired without
letting off the trigger---Just pump it and hold on! A

-7-

and

Extra Barrel

Slug Barrel

Ext.ension

Regular Stock
With Barrel

With Assault
Pistol Grip,
New Forearm, &
Barrel Extension

Slug Barrel
Sling

Remington 870:

folding stock, however, will not fit on the Ithaca because of an operating rod that comes out the back.
Ithaca, incidentally, manufactures a riotgun that is
ready right out of the box, which has a seven shot extension.
Other shotguns, in the semi-automatic style, which
we prefer are the Remington 1100 and the Benelli, distributed by Heckler and Koch. By semi-automatic, it is
meant to fire repeatedly by simply pulling the trigger,
without individual pumping of shotgun. Each of these
weapons will fire until empty of shells with each depression of the trigger, Seven shots, seven trigger pu1ls.
Shotgun ammunition should be purchased in more than
one variety. You will want to acquire slugs for blg
game, number 7L shot for birds, number 4 buck for selfdefense, and possibly 00 buck for self-defense. Number
4 buck conEains 27 LethaL pellets and number 00 buck
contains 9. Remember, the sho-tgun is a close-shot weapon. After 40 yards, it begins to lose penetration power
and the pattern dispurses greatly.
The shotgun, particulary a short barreled one, is
ideal for heavy woodland, thick brush and defense of
home. It is an ideal weapon to add to a sma1l squad of
five or more men.
Don't aim a shotgun---you point shoot. Point shooting is developed by practice. Using this method you
point the spray of shot in the direction of the target
and 1et her rip. It takes practice. Most people have
a natural t.endency to shoot high.
Rifles
We urge you to choose from these two calibers rn
that they serve as our current military rounds ---.223
or .308.
The .308 is a more powerful and larger bullet. IE
is both an ideal combat and snipi.ng caliber. It will
also bring down most North American game animals easily.
Hits can easily be made by average shooters in the 250
yard range.
The .223, however, is our current military round
designed to fit M-16 rifles.
It is fast and sma1l.

-9-

The Ruger Mini-I4:

With Telescoping Stock and

With Regular Wood Stock
With Folding Stock
In Stainless Steel

30, 20, and 5

Pump

Bolt

Round Magazines shown

- 10-

at left.

IL will kill any animal up to a white-tail &er and

certainly a man. It is more easily defected by grass
or twigs than the .308 but is lighter and more anmo
can be carried. We advise you to use soft point ammo
for anti-personnel, while using military ball ammo for
anti-vehicle purposes or when more penetration is desired.

In .308, there are four weapons worthy of recommendation. The first is the German manufactured, H&K 91.
This is a very advanced r^reapon and yet retains a mechanical simplicity that al1ows for easy maintenance. The
drawback is both price and availability of parts. The
unquestioned reliability and ruggedness of this weapon
make it top choice for .308. It will also function in
adverse weather and when dirty. It will feed flawlessly on any conmon military or commerical ammunition and
also on quality reloads. These rifles come equipped
with one clip when purchased. Spares are expensivel but
try to locaEe the steel clips rather than the aluminum.
Also in .308, we recommend the M 1-A. This is the
semi-automatic civilian version of the U.S. Army M-14.
The M-14 was a truly superior battle weapon. Current
models lose their warranty if any type ammunition except
military ball is used. This weapon is extremety accurate. It runs near in price to the H&K 91 but surplus
M-14 magazines and parts are available at much more
reasonable rates.

The Remington 700 bolt action is a good :lection

for hunting and for sniper work. I^/ith a good scope
this rifle can be accurate up to 1000 yards. The scope
you purchase should be a name brand like Vleaver, Bushnel1, Redfield or one of similar quality. Stay away
from cheap scopes. The Remington 700 is the rifle our
Military uses for sniping purposes.
The Ruger M77 is also a very fine bolt-action weapon.
Again, with a quality scope, it can be very accurate.
Ruger also has an M77V which is a heavier barreled
rifle---very, very accurate!
The .223 weapons are 1 ighter and easier to carry
than the .308 ones. If you are a smaller person they

-1 1-

Heckler & Koch

91 (.308)

Armalire 180 (.223)

M1-A

( .308 )

-t2-

may be an excellent choice. The .223 rif.Les are also

more affordable with parts, magazines and accessories
readily availabl"e.
Top of the list in our opinion is the Ruger Mini-14.
This is essentially a cutdown version of the M-14. It
is a fine piece of American-manufacture and will function in adverse weather and when dirty through use, such
as it would experience in a firefight. An entire line
of accessories that make this a combat-ready weapon are
availabLe. The Ruger Mini-14 is easy to care for, breaks
down simply and is a rugged and durable weapon.
We

also

recommend

the Armalite AR-180. It is

more

expensive than the Ruger but it too is a strong, reliable vreapon. It is a very accurate rifle
The AR-15 (civiLian model of the M-16) can also be
a good choice. It can be bought in several different
styles. A CAR, which is a short carbine, is available.
There is also the standard model, plus one that is very
rare, a heavy-barreled AR-15, If kept clean Ehese weapons are extremely reliable and durable.
223 or .308 ?
There are several things to consider before choosing which caliber is more suitable for your use.
There has been a battle for quite some time now as to

which caliber ( .LZZ or .308 ) is best . Both r

are very good. More emphasis should be put

'i-

ibers
other

, al so .
or animal is killed by a good combination of
rifle, cartridge, and shooter. The most important,
of course, is the shooter. If the shooter cannot
comfortably handle his or her rif1e, then it becomes
f ac t.ors

Man

useless.
The weight and size and strength

of an individual
is a factor to consider. In a combat situation it often becomes necessary to carry extra anlmo. If you
weigh 120 pounds, carrying 200 rounds of .308 plus
rifle and other necessary gear, by the time you get to
your target you would be too lrorn out to wage war.

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G=EI

scoping Stock

with rele-

H-K 91 ( ..308)

(.308 Caliber)

M1-A1

Ml Girand
(30.06 Cal.)

When considering hunting purposes for a rif1e,

the .223 is fine for white tail deer, but if you
hunt mule deer, elk, or moose then the .308 would
you have Eo go
probably be better. Militarily,
in more detail of use. For instance the .223, being lightweight, is more effective in the offensive
mode, whereas the .308 is better for covering fire
and longer distance shooting. One argument against
the .223 is its speed and size at times will cause
it to simply go through a man or animal, wounding
them instead of killing them. The culprit, though
is not the caliber used, but the fact that the .223
was military-bal1.
If using the .223 caLiber against man or beast,
use soft point ammo. The only time you should use
military ball is when you want to achieve more penetration power, such as against a vehicle, a house
or against bunker positions.
The .308 will be more effective for penetration.
You can also find armor piercing projectiles for the
.308; you canrt for the .223. If shooting in an
area where there are lots of brush, trees, shrubs,
etc, the .308 will have better brush busting qualities.
The heavier bullet will not deflect as
easily. The .223, on the other hand, will deflect
fairly easily.
As mentioned earlier in this article, the .308
will shoot accurately farther. The effective range
of the.308, in a good rifle, wiEh a good shooter,
is about 1000 yards. The .223 under the same conditions will shoot accurately Eo 500 yards. But
both of these can vary \,rith different loads, wind
and weather conditions, rif1e, and shooter. The
last thing to consider before spending your money
Some of the
on a .223 or .308 is the ballistics.
because
the 2 calibers
ballistics are irrelevant,
as
and trajecsuch
velocity
have some similarities
biggest
differences
bullet
are
t.ory. The two
weights and energy. The following chart will show
the differences. The bul1et weights are measured
in grains and the energy is measured in foot pounds.
As will be seen the .308 has more knock down povrer
than the .223, and also retains more down range.

- 15-

CAL IBER

.223
.308

BULLET WEIGHT

55grns.
150grns.
Y|UZZLE ENERGY

100

200---50b-vds

;;;--;--;;;;;7,0".
60

1330 tt/#

Zt3o f.E/#

In conclusion, the

FOOT POUNDS

2200

.223 and

good calibers. Both have

advantages.

their

L7

1400fr/1bs.

the .308 are both

advantages and dis-

.22 CalTber Rifles

There are many qualities that make ownership of
a .22 caliber weapon a desirable idea. It is the
most common form of bullet manufactured in the entire world. If any ammunition at all will be available after the collapse, it r^Ii11 be the .22.
There is one .22 ca1-lber rifle we recommend,
which would serve in a pinch for self-defense and
remov;rI of predators or hunting of smal1 game.
lrle recommend the Ruger lO-22 very highly. It is
accurate, rugged and American-made. It uses a 10shot rotary magazine. Extra magazines should be
purchased. It can also be equipped with a 25-round
banana clip type magazine. It is relatively easy
to clean and care for. It is probably the most
popular .22 among survivalists.
Other advantages of the .22 is that it is light
and the weapons that fire it seldom weigh over six
pounds and some are as light as ZLa pounds.
An excellent technique for using the .22 rif1-e
for self-defense is for when your position is under
seige, srarn the enemy that yourve got a rifle and
- 16-

E}I

66

AR7

Edirion

Ruger 10-22 Sporter

Ruger 10-22 Carbine

Remington Nylon

.22'2

fire off a single .22 shoL. They will feel relatively bold against this underpowered weapon.
Then when they approach you, use the shotguns and
defensive semi-auto rifles.
Recently a new line of ammunition has entered
the market. It is the hyper-velocity hollowpoint .22. The fastest is known by the brand name
It is very
STINGER. MosE gun stores stock it.
powerful ammunition and up to half of your .22 volume should be of this type. It is not as good for
small game because it makes a large and damaging
hole. .22's do not have the knock-down, penetration
or accuracy of regular high velocity long rifles '
Ha.ndguns

When choosing a handgun you have two choices,

revolver (wheelgun) or semi-auro. The handgun is
a back-up weapon and should never be thought of as
a primary weapon. The Colt Government .45, our
first choice, is readily available and is an awesome manstopper. It has functioned as the U.S.
Service sidearm for over 70 years.
There are also copies of this .45 from Argentina and other put-togethers which with minor adjustments are of high quality. These are usually
a little cheaper in price.
There are also other handguns that we recommend.
Heckler and Koch makes many fine pistols. The only
problem is who can get extra parts. Browning and
Baretta both make fine 9mm pistols also. These
hold 14 (Browning) and 16 (BaretEa) shots' Both
are of the highest quality. If you decide to go
with 9mm, use hollow point ammunition. If you're
not going to use hollow points, You need to stick
with the .45 caliber. Any caliber smaller than the
9mm should be avoided, except the .22.
There are .22 caliber handguns that are ideal
for women or for backup pieces. These include the
Ruger Mark I and the Erma Excam RX 22. Both require magazines as purchased spares.

- 1B-

.45 or

9mm?

'After hearing the same o1d story about how .45ts

are so much better than 9mmrs, and visa versa, CSA
decided to do some tests of its own. We tried to
be as open-minded as possible, since we like both
calibers. To get an equal appraisal of each other,
first we must consider the use of the weapon. In
this case, it is as a defensive weapon, not as a
Earget pistol. Therefore, this article wontt concern itself with superior accuracy, but of effectiveness against flesh. We were able to best simulate flesh by taking magazines and soaking them in
water, making sure the water penetrated between all
of the pages. After awhile they fluffed up. We
ended up with about 14 inches of spongy, flesh-like
material. We used a 1911 Colt Military model .45
and one of equal quality, the Browning Hipower 9mm.
hle then tested 3 basic types of ammunition: lead
hollow point, and Military Ba11. Most pistol
fights occur between 5-25 feet, so the tests were
stepped off for 20 feet. Here is the result of the
tests:
Lead

.45

9mm

hreight

230 grains

115 gr.

Velocity

850 fps
370 pounds
7 inches

1155 fps

341 lbs.
10 inches

None

None

Energy

Penetration
Expans ion

Hollow PoinE
.45

9mm

Weight

185 gr.

115 gr.

Velocity

1000 fps

1165 fps

Energy

370 lbs.

349 lbs.

Penetration
Expans ion

6 3/4 in.

7\ in.

Very smal1

Very large

_ 19_

The Colt Government .45

Astra

9mm

_,)

n-

Mil.itary Ball
.4s

9.**

Penetration

230 gr.
850 fps
370 lbs.
62 inches

345 lbs.
8 inches

Expansion

None

None

Weight

Velocity
Energy

L23 gr.
1120 fps

Conclusions: As you can see in the lead bullet, neither caliber has an advantage over the o;
ther---the .45 has only 29 pounds more knock-down
power than the 9mm. The 9mm has 3 inches more penetration, however. In the Hollow Point, although
the .45 had more knock down, the 9mm mushroomed
very large (5/8"), making a very impressive wound
cavity. In the Military Ball category, neither caliber has much of an advantage.
Therefore although both calibers with the right
ammo can be very effective in combat situations,
the 9mm is very impressive in its tests. BoEh calibers have been in service for quite some time--the .45 since 1905 and the 9mm since 1902. Both
have been proven and proven again. The 9mm allows
you to carry more ammo in your magazine; the Hipower carries 14, the Baretta carries 16, and the
Heckler and Koch has one that holds an enormous 18
rounds. .45 ammo and brass seems a 1itt1e easier
to find. They both have their ups and downs, but
it is seen that the 9mm deserves its fair share of
credi t

Fu11y Au.tolnatics

Concerning fully automatic r{reapons, we discourage the use of them in the hands of an untrained
shooter. Because of ammunition loss due to ineffective firing and the fact that often times the use
of t'machine gunst' tends to make the inexperienced

-2t-

survivalist not learn how to shoot semi-automatic

(and thereby making each shot count), we advise
that only if you are willing to spend a lot of ammo
novr, in order to practice and therefore get acquainted with your r^reapon, should you even consider fully
automatics. Even then, in purchasing the weapon,
make sure that it has "selective firer" enabling you
to shoot ful1y-auto or semi-auto.
In certain situations the ful1y automatic can
come in very handy in the hands of one who is knowledgable. In other events, it is often over-dramatized on Ehe screen. If you do desire the selective-fire weapons, then contact a reputable gun
dealer concerning state and federal regulations
first, and purchase a v/eapon where parts are easily
accessible.

rifle,

recommend the M-16 and M-14 in the assault

and the MAC-10 Ingram or the Israeli UZI in

Ammuni

tion

I^Je

sub-machine gun classifications.

Purchase 1000-2000 rounds of ammunition for each

owned. Do not leave your clips or magazines
to your weapons loaded for more than two weeks, without some rest given to the magazine springs. The
solution to the loaded magazine problem is to own

weapon

spares. We recommend six to eight per weapon. Load

four and alternate every two weeks. The pump shotgun should be kept loaded but an extra magazine
spring should be rotated every two weeks.
Remember, the only way you will ever be proficient withyour\deapon is to practice. Therefore,
much ammunition is required.
When sEoring ammunition it is best kept in a
cool dry area and if in quantity use surplus G.I.
ammo boxes or other airtight containers. Do not
store gun oil or gun cleaning solvents in the same
area as your ammunition. Gun powder, primers and
loaded ammunition have a very long shelf life if
stored properly. Avoid high heat, high humidity and
direct exposure to sunlight for your ammo also.
-22-

that if possible you do not buy cheap

ammunition, except as practice shots. Budget ammo
is no bargain if it fails to shoot or it has less
power. I.Ie also urge you to investigate reloading.
We cannot cover this subject in the scope of this
article, buE many books are available on the subject.
We suggest

Cleaning Your

Gun

The most important thing about firearm care is

how often you care about your firearm. Many firearms have been scarred by rust, most usually to
someonets embarrasement, due to neglect. The following are a few things that might help you take
care of your guns.

First of all, just because you dontt use your

gun very often does not mean that you do not. have
to clean it very often. You should check on your
firearms at least once a week when not used, even
if you have it in a gun case. If you use your firearm you should give it a thorough cleaning after
each use plus one checkup a week. If your gun is
used excessively you should check it every day and
clean it when necessary. Itrs better to overdo it
than to find a piece of rust that used to be your
pistol or rifle.
If you live in a place where the
humidity is high you will have to clean your firearms more oft.en Ehan if you live in a dry climate.
Also certain seasons of the year are more humid
than others. If you live on the coast you will
have to clean your weapon more. When you come home
from hunting and you bring your rifle into a rdarm
house out of the co1d, it will sweat. Or when you
use it on foggy mornings it r^rill collect moisture.
Other things besides moisture can also be bad
for a firearm, such as dirt and sand. One mistake
most people always make is to over oil their gun.
If a little oil is good, then a lot is better.
Right? Wrong! Why? Because oil acts as a magnet
to attract gritty things like dirt. This can cause
more wear than you will gain from lubrication. Itrs
-23-

better to use it dry than over-oiled. Another

thing is if you use any old ammunition, it might
have corrosive primers. If so you must clean
your pistol or rifle with extra effort to make
sure you clean each part that comes in contact
with powder blast. If you don't your11 wind up
with pits in your metal.
Now that we've gone over things that can hurt
your firearms, let I s talk on some preventive measures. If storing a gun for a prolonged period of
time, use a heavy grade oil and store in plastic.
You can also geE moisture packs from gun dealers
Eo put in with guns. These absorb any moisEure in
the container. When you take the gun out, take the
oil off. When you clean your firearm brush the
bore with solvent.
Kerosene makes an excellent solvent and best of
all itts cheaper. Oil the gun and clean all contact areas real good (contact area is where metal
slides against metal). Take oi1 off with a re.g
(use the same rag over and over---this will a1low
If you 1ike, use a
a very slight film of oil).
little lube on contact area but not much.
Remember always, an ounce of prevention is worth
a pound of cure. Keep your gun clean.

Sight

Picture

-24-

RIFLEMANSHIP
Too often this essential ski1l is overlooked, taken for
granted, or deemed. unimportant. However, if this lesson
is learned first, a Christian warrior can be used effectively in defense of his people. By being taught correctly,
he can be an effective part of the defense team.
STOCK WELD---Cheek should be locked against stock of rrf1e.
rffiaesirab1ep1aceandconcentrateonputtingyour
cheek back in the same place every time.
TRIGGER SQUEEZE---Very importanE in accurate aiming. Squeeze
should be deliberate and uniform. Tip of index finger should
be used. This tends to isolate trigger motion from grip reaction and rifle moEion. Squeeze should be at a rate that as
the sights of the gun rest on target, the squeeze sEarts,
and if sights vary, squeeze should be held in that position
and continued when sights align.

be concentraLed on and practiced

co*es natural. As sights are placed on target you
""tIT-lJ
should take a medium deep breath, letEing it out normal1y.
Take another breath, this Eime normal, and let it out s1owly
about half way as you sEeady your sights. If you canrt get
your shot off before you get uncomfortable, Iet. breath ouE
and start over.
GRIP OF RIGHT IIAM---Right hand grasps the rifle stock directTrigger finger is placed on trigger so
@
that. finger does not touch side of receiver. Wrap remaining
fingers firmly around rifle stock. A firm rearward pressure
must be exerEed by right hand to keep butt of stock in its
proper position in the pocket of shoulder.
GRIP OF LEFT HAND---Rifle should rest in "V" formed by thumb
left hand, and lie across heel of hand. Grip
@
on handguard should be relaxed, but at the same time, slight
rearvrard pressure exerted. Left hand and wrisE should be relaxed with fingers curled naturally around upper handguard.
Left elbow should be directly under weapon receiver.
BREATH CONTROL---Should

CORRECT SIGHT ALIGNMENT---Must include rear sight, front

their proper relationship known
ffiin
as sight picEure. This is obtained when sighEs are perfectly
aligned and the Earget is in the correct relaEionship to
front sight post.
RIFLE BUTT POSITION---P1ace butt of sEock firmly into pockeE
placemenE lessens ef fect of recoil,
@Proper
helps steady rdeapon and prevents butt from riding up on

shoutder.

AE
- L)'

PRONE POSITION

Half face to the right of the target, then lie at an

angle of 45o to right of target. Left elbow should be
on the ground under rifle. Right elbow should be sloped
out more than the left. Let the forearm rest all the
way down in the palm. The sling loop should be tight.
Legs should be wide apart, close Eo the ground, feet
turned outward, inside of shoes on the ground.

KNEELING

POS

ITION

Face 45o to target, sit on right heel with body weight,

or you can sit on the side of your right foot. Left

knee should poinE toward target with left elbow resting
on or a little in front of the knee cap. Right elbow
should be parLllel to ground or as close as possible,
and sti11 be comfortable. Lean a litEle forward to get
a good balance.
s|

STANDING POSITION
Face 80o to target with feet
12-18" apart. Left elbow
should be directly under
sEock. Right elbow held

high or a little lower, if

it is steadier. Hold rifle
medium hard to shoulder
wirh right hand. Index finger of right hand should
not have any pressure on
it. rip of index finger
is used in trigger pull,
thus when squeezed it rvi11
not disturb aim.

ASSAULT POSITION

usually slung on long

sling. Hold down on front of
\,reapon to prevent muzzle rise
from rapid fire. This position is for close range fast
assault on1y. It takes practice to achieve effective

Weapon

accuracy.

-27-

SITTING POSITION
Sling, arms, hands,
and rifle are in
same relative position when shooting
prone. Half-face
target and sit down
45o to target. Rest
elbows on knees,
left elbow and knee
almost under rifle.

I,Iilitarv Fieldcraft
Propping up---The sturdier the foundation and
support of the weapon, the more accurate the shot'
Weapon supports and techniques are as varied as the
,..porr" themselves, National types and styles, terrain
types and conditions, and individual tastes' This
flttrte" several different ways---mechanical, non-mechanical, and impovised---to support a weaPon for different needs.

Right-side hand support with weapon

resting between first finger and
thumb, with fingers and palm on the
object used to support against.

Left-side hand support with \^Teapon

resting on fingers with thumb and
mai.n part of palm supported on the
tree . building, etc .
-28-

Improvised tripod
for shooting long
distances in high
gras s .

Shooting sticks can

be made and used for

shooting in a sitting
position.

fr

shooting from
a bench or shooting
table, you should
have both elbows on
the table wirh the
stock of the gun supported on sandbags,
blankets, etc.
When

SHOOTING THE PISTOL

The pistol should act as an extension of the

arm, or more exactly, the barrel, an extension of
the index finger.
Hold the pistol in your non-firing hand and
form a ttvtt with the thumb and forefinger of the
shooting hand.
Place the pistol in the "V" with the sights
in line with your firing arm. IJrap the lower three
fingers of your gun hand around the grip, putting
equal pressure with all three fingers straight to
the rear.
Place the thumb of the gun hand along side the
pistol without applying any pressure. Place the
second joint (or the first) of the index finger of
the non-firing hand on the front of the Erigger
guard and bring the remaining three fingers around
to cover the slits between the fingers of the firing
hand. Then pushing with Ehe firing arm and pulling
with the non-firing arm brings a good tight, stable

crip.

Grip---Right
Side View

Grip---Top
View

-30-

THE

STANCE

A good stance for the pistol is achieved by

placing your feet a comfortable distance apart
with the left one 4-5" slightly forward of the
right. Bend your knees slightly forward to keep
fromr getting off balanced from the recoiL of the
weaPon.

This grip can be used in a kneeling

prone position 419o. Remember! Always use
support if possibLe.

-3 1-

or
a

SHOOTING

AT ACUTE

ANGLES

When shooting at a target that is above or below

the shooter, the shooter must aim low to compensate
for the effect Ehat Ehe steep angle has on the bullet trajectory.
The acuteness of the angle doesnrt physically
affect the pqrformance of the bulleE nearly as much
as it affects the combination of the line of sight
(tos), tine of departure (l,oD), and the bulleE trajectory or bullet drop which is always measured by
a vertical line.
Figure one illustraEes what happens when a rifle
is fired at a target at a certain range on a flat
plane. Line of departure is the center line of the
bore of the rifle which is elevated to account for
the drop of the bullet for this given range. Bullet trajectory is the path the bullet takes as it
drops from the line of departure. Line of sight is
the view you have of the targeE thru the rifle's
sights. Now, when Ehe rifle is sighted in to impact the target at this given distance, the line of
departure was raised enough Eo cause the bullet
trajectory to cross the line of sight at the target point. The bullet has now dropped, from gravitational forces and wind drag, a certain amount.
For ease of explanation wetre going to measure the
actual distance involved in the drawings. The bullet has now dropped Ll4 of an inch.
Looking at figure 2, the rifle is aimed at a
target the same distance away but at a 45o angle
downhill. This means the line of departure is
srill the same because the sight setEing hasnr t
been changed. The bullet itself isn't affected
much so the trajectory hasn'E changed. What has
changed is the amounE of true bullet drop is always in a vertical 1ine, not necessarily a perpendicular one to the line of sight. So measuring
from the line of departure down vertically Ehe
same amount as'the bullet drop on the flat range
will give us the correct bullet trajectory which
will be well above Ehe line of sight. The bullet

-32-

will also be affected in the same manner at a target 45o above instead of below.
In figure 3 there is a table that contains approximate distances, measured in inches, that the
bullet will hit above the desired point of impact.
These are figured for the .223 and the .308 cartridges .

Fig

I
T

LOD
1

Lr

\luzzLe

Los

True Bul1et
Drop (Ver-

Bu11et

l,luzzle

ticle)

Trajectory

Target

_L-

Figure

LOD

Bu 11e

Traj ec to

True Bullet Drop

(Verticle)
Scale

Bul1et Shoots Hig

by This Much
(Figgre 3):
Dggreg .of Angle

200. yardg
.

+or-25o
450
600

?_23

400 yde

.223
3.59

. 308

.73 " .gg"

2.3"
3.9"

3.07
5

.25

4.57

Lr.2s t4z
79

Amounts shown is how high in inches each

will shoot above its aiming point.

-33-

.308

.2

24.3

caliber

The Knife---Selection and Use

There are basically three types of knives and
numerous styles within these three main catagories. We
will examine each, advise on selection and then discuss

the use of a knife.

Utility knives are usually single edged. They
may be used as a lreaPon also but are better able to
perform the function of a tool than a weapon. Blade
length of a knife is an important factor in selection'
While a combat blade might be desirable in a longer
length, a utility knife is more useful if the blade
tengttr is six inches or under. The attitude that bigger
is better is noE always true, especially in knives. A
three to five inch blade with a single edge is an ideal
skinning knife. One of the two most popular knives purchased by survival minded individuals is the USI'IC combat
knife by Cammilus Cutlery. OEher fine single edge
knives are the Benchmark ArgonauE, the Gerber X-400 drop
point hunting knife. In a pinch, a good piece of kitchen cutlery can be carried as a belt knife.
Self-defense of fighting knives are characterized by
one primary characteristic--the majority are double
edged. A double-edged knife is designed for kil1ing.
If you beli6ve you will use your knife as a weapon, we
suggest you select a double-edged blade. The most popular knife of this Eype is undoubtedly the Gerber l'lark II.
This knife is in the fifty dollar range and is an extremely fine piece of American cutlery.
Other double-edged knives thaE we can recommend are
the Gerber Mark I, the Gerber Guardian series, and the
various copies of Ehese knives. There are many varieties
of the double-edged knife. If you can afford the Gerber
go with it.
If you carry the double-edge blade, we suggest you
also purchase and carry a folding knife. The
folding knife will serve the utility function.
There are a large number of fine folders available
in both commercial and military models- The favorite
choice at C.S.A. is the Victorinox Trooper model.
To use a knife, You must know your target areas
and how to hold your weapon. Discount anything you have
seen in the movies.
-34-

l,

Fighting Grip for a Double-Edged Knife

o,

UJ

Holding GriP

Knife---

Single-Edged

Target areas are as follows: Attack the fingers

first.
Repeat, attack the fingers first!
They
are the most accessible. Remember this principle.
The shortest distance between tr^ro points is a straight
line. There are two basic methods to attack with a
knife---thrust or slash. A slash is circular, therefore the aim covers more distance to attack. Thrust
at the fingers.
Rernember these two principles if you must use your
knife as a r.reapon. Let your opponent make the first
mistake. When you cut himrattack andcontinue to attack until you win! Secondly, when a person sees
his own blood, he has a tendency to stop, even if
only for an instant. It is at that time you go tor
the lethal targets. These are stomach, throat, groin,
eyes, or chest. From the rear, thrust into the kidney
area or reaching over with nonvreapon bearing hand
clasp the thumb and index finger over the nostrils
while the palm covers the mouth. Reach over and slit
the throat while pulling the head back.
The previous photos show the correct grip for a
single-edge knife and the correct grip for holding a

double-edged b1ade.
To hold a folding knife, use the pictured grip.
The reason being this will insure that the knife
does not close on your fingers. The knife is held
at the side in an inconspicuous manner and then used
to slash.
A knife fighting stance can be achieved by standing
with the feet shoulder width and the knife extended
from the body. One foot is forward. The heel of the
front foot is approximately six inches forward of the
rear foot toes. The front knee is bent and the rear
knee is slightly bent.

-37-

-8e

)irBllv asr]drns
ro1 rrrearog aqt puTqag aJTu) Surplog Sutleacuo3

(,

\o

Fighting GriP

Folding Knife

Examples of Survival Knifes

That

Can

Be Used

-40-

Front View

From the
S ide

Stance for
Kni fe
!'i gh t ing

The Correct

llow to get killed in a knife fight (or, How not to

Fight rvi[tr a knife in a knife fight)

The position on rop would simply get you a stomach
wound. The position below would cause you to get
slashcd in the hand. Either way is wrong!

.72J
'G;'

'1

ilE

-er-

AUJNf,S

TNO CN])VJ

-rr-

EQUIPMENT

t'In the final choice a

soldierts
pack is not
so.heavy a burden as
a prisonerts chains."
Equipment usually consists of a rifle, a pistol and
holster, knife and sheath, pistol belt, suspenders,
magazine or ammo pouches (for rifle and pistol), canteen, fanny pack, field pack, sleeping bag, pouncho,
mess kit, rireapon cleaning gear.
Part of the reason for inctuding \^reapons of different
sorts is because you can never te1l what you'11 find
in vacant houses, old stores, or in the hands of the
enemy. If one has a basic idea of whatrs good, he
might bring back, for example, an HK91 instead of a
bolt action .22.

Canteen--

--Would prefer stainless steel

or aluminum. Plastic is for
Ehe jungle and cannot be
thawed on an open fire.

Shelter Half-----

Greens---

Camouflage--------

---A shelter half is half of a

button up or snap up puptent. Your tent buddy carries
the other half.
--This needs to be army greens
or fatigues, wittr button dowrr
or velcro closures on the
pockets. These can be purchased cheap at any Army surplus. If possible all clothing
should match those of your
brothers | .
--These can be purchased at any
Army Surplus. For winter, it
should be brown, green and
light brown. For sunrmer, it
should be green type or tiger

tripe .
--Any black army type high
boots. They should be high
enough to tuck in. Also, to
avoid torn pants and insects.
s

Boots---I

_45_

\Toator aDpeafance.

MILITARY DRESS AND EQUIPMENl

Pistol BelE-----

----G.I.

(fnis is a primary need)

Suspenders---------=--------Preferably nylon
carrying weight.

1ip Pouch--l-

Fanny Pack--

It aids in

------Should be suitable to the

clips or ammo of your weaPon.

-----This is oprional. It can carry

food, ammo, pouncho, blankets,
and miscellaneous gear.

Kni

'-------This should be a combat

type survival knife.

-46-

E)(AUPLE OF EABNEgS sEIUP

Suspcndere

Atrmo.
Pouoh

or oltp
\

o11p

P1stol-

Eolster\
theath

)/

Platol cl1p

Pletol Belt

Pouch

children of
Israel \4rent up
harnessed out of
the land of
Egypt. (Exodus

led

the
people about'

BuE God

through the

waY

of the wilderness of the Red

13:18)

Sea: and the

-47-

Head

Gear----

----Caps, Berets, Jungle

hats, etc. These

shoul,d be approprtate
to the rest of your
gear, terraln, and

reather.

Fleld Pack----

----Would prefer elther

Allce packr recon
packr or 1945 army
Pack'

-48-

INDIVIDUAL SURVIVAL KIT

This small kit is designed to be carried on your

person, either in a buEt pack or an accessory pouch.
Not all items listed need to be carried. Select what
you feel you will use most often. Aluminum foil is a
must. It has numerous uses, heat reflector, cooking
rrrap, can be fashioned into a dish or cup or bowl.
Molefoam for blisters is also of primary importance.
Individual Survival Kit
Waterproof Mat,ches
Magnesium

Firestarter

Compass

Small wire
Rope

Molefoam

Disposable Lighter
Tweezers

Jack Knife
Dental F10ss

lst Aid Cream

Emergency BLanket

Fishing Line & Hooks

Sinkers & Other Fishing Items
Safety Pins
Tape

Snake Bite
Band-Aids

Kit

Aspirins
Needle & Thread
Magnifying Gtass Lens
Candle

Iodine Crystals

& Dropper Jar (water purification)

Nylon String

-49-

The

Individual Survival Kit

-50-

CAR SURVIVAL KIT

We suggest that you carry this kit in the trunk

with the basic components, food, clothing, pistol and
some of the other items packaged in an alice pack
(military surplus) or a commercial pack. Wrap the pack
in a plastic garbage bag to keep it dust free. Do the
same with your other items.
There are several considerations to take into
accounr when preparing a kit for your car. They are
heat and cold. A car trunk can reach searing temperatures. The medicinal components of a FirsFAid Kit can
deteriorate or lose potency. Storage food will age
more rapidly. Candles, carried for their fire--starting
and light-giving qualities can melt and turn a survival
kit into a rrax coated mess. A trunk can get hot enough
to warp plastic.
Cold on the oEher hand can also destroy medicines.
[,Iater containers can burst. Do not fill them compleEely. Make sure your kit will provide you with warmth Eo
fit the season.
We suggest that you purchase a stainless steel
cant.een. It. can be heated up. Aluminum is a suspect
metal and anyEhing acid will be tarnished. Plastic
canteens cannot be heated. Stainless canteens can still
be found in some military surplus stores.
Changes from cold to warmth can cause moisture to
condense on metal. Metal will rust when wet, even stainless steel. This can prove fatal on a gun. If you keep
your kit in the trunk, preventive maintenance is a must.
A light coating of oil will be helpful buE don't swamp
your weaPon.

Car Survival Kit

Bible
Seasonal Clothing
Bush Hat

Boots/Extra Socks
7 Days of Food (freeze dried or dehydrated)
Portable Water Purifier
Blanket or Sleeping Bag
-5 1-

Rain Suit or Poncho

Spare Blanket
Work Gloves

First-Aid Kit
Cook Stove & Fuel

Insect Repellent
Spare Collapsible Water Container

Water Canteen & Pouch

Belt
Hatchet or Hudson Bay Axe
Fighting rnife/Folding Knife
Small Pry Bar
Tool Kit with uails
Tarp or Tent

Webb

Cooking

Kit

Toilet

Paper

Collapsible Army Shovel

.22 Callber Rifle or Larger Caliber

500 Rounds

of

Ammo

.45 Colt Pistol

200 Rounds Ammo

Road Maps & Topographical Maps

Tools to work on Vehicle

that the above do not necessarily have Eo be

kept in Ehe vehicle at all times. However, you need
to have them together in your carPort or gatage where
you could put them in the car or truck quickl-y in an
emergency. Always have a full tank of gas.
Note

-52-

TOOLS

A basic tool kit is an absolute necessity. In the

days to come you may have to provide your own maintenance
repair and construction. This prospect may not appeal
to many but with prayer, patience, the proper tools and
a general outline of the project at hand you will not.
only be surprised but pleased with what can be accomp-

lished.

Take care of your Eools, hang them up, do not leave

them exposed to the elemenEs. This is true wiEh all
your equipment. Once the collapse comes, replacements
will be much harder to obtain, if they are obtainable

at all. A light coating of oil is advisable bur if this

is done make sure that you wipe them before use to assure
sure grip and sure contact with working surface.
Obvious precautions to take when using tools include
safety glasses. Removing jewelri, women should wear hair
tied back. Another idea to consider is selection of
name brand tools. Bargain tools are not a bargain if
they break or destroy the project you are working on.
Power tools will not. be discussed in this section. It
is more than likely that there will be power outages or
complete breakdowns in the electrical grid according to
your local. In that case power tools will be useless.
Tool Check List
1. Steel Tape Ruler-- retractable with belt clip
2. Carpenterrs Level
3. Steel Square
4. Awl--starting ho1es, marking
5. CenEer Punch--indents metal to start screw holes
6. C-Clamps--2 sets large and small
7. Crosscut Saw--24 or 26 inches long.
8. Hacksaw--cuts metal
9. Utility Scissors
10. Glass Cutter
11. Tin Snipes
12. Retracrable Uriliry Knife
13. Wire Stripper
14. Cold Chisel
15. Flat Head Screwdrivers--several sizes and lengths
16. Phillips Screwdrivers--several sizes and lengt.hs
L7. Spiral Ratchet Screwdriver--multip1e tips
-5

3-

18. Curved Claw Hammer

19. Nail Set
20. Ball Peen Hammer
21. Tack Hammer
* 22. Adjustable Wrenches
23. Pipe Wrench
24. Hex Wrench Set
25. Socket & Ratchet Wrench Set
;, 26. Slip Joint Pliers
't 27 . Needle or Long Nose Pliers
28. Locking Grip Pliers
29. 14 in. Jack Plane
30. Rasp
'k 31. Round File
32. Half-Round File
33. File Card-cleans file
34. Sand Paper, various grits
?k 35. Pry Bar
'k 36. Putty Knife & Putty
37. Pointy Trowel
38. Oil Can & Medium Oil
39. Oil Can & Light Machine Oil
?k 40. Staple Gun & Extra Staples
'k 41. Jewelers Screwdriver
"n 42. Large Selection Various Screws
,k 43. Common Nails- 20D- 10D- 8D- 6D
Tacks, Brads, Large Assortment of Roofing Nails &
Finishing Nai1s.
,', 44. Hand Driven Drill and Bits
45. Shelving Brackets
The list above is fairly comprehensive. An asterisk
designates the highest priority items. A selection of
repair and maintenance books we reoornmend appears in the
bibliography. It is also an excellent idea to have some
wood for repair. Scrap wood can be found for free from
many sources. Good tools can often be found at garage
or estate sa1es. Keep nails and screws in waterproof
containers such as glass jars or coffee cans with plastic

?k

1ids.

*5/+-

- {\*n
The Crossbow: The Silent l,Ieapon. Shown here is the

viith a Barnett prod, 120/A pull. The

four bolts pictured here include the fiberglass and
cedar target practice bolts with plastic fletching,
and the target-tip and broadhead-tip long hunting
bolts with plastic fletching. Regular feathered
fletching will tear off on the more powerful crossbows. Shots should not be attempted with any accuracy over 50 yards.

Wham-O Crossbow

-5 5-

Chapter Two:
FOOD, WATER, AND CLOTHING

-55-

FOOD

IE took three rough years for the pilgrims to

self-sufficient.
In the event of a national
collapse this bodes tremendous i1l for our people.
The pilgrims came from an agrarian society, one in
which a high percentage of the population \^ras engaged
in farming. Today, the balance is way ouf of 1ine.
One American feeds ten in an overly sophisticated
system relying on petroleum-based chemicals and transportation.
The thinking Christian can no longer take his food
supply for granted.
There are some good reasons to store food. Mbst
of us are not able to grow our own food year round.
In the event of a national or regional emergency, a
supermarket can be a very lethal place to be. This
is a land where people will shoot one another while
standing in an hour long gasoline 1ine. Can you
envision the pandemonium during a food store riot?
It is likely food rationing will visir the United
States as the Satanic elite who seek to dominate the
world tightens the noose.
become

Food

-Stor.age

There are several ways to go about the process

of obtaining storage food for you and your family.
The easiest is to purchase a storage food unit from
one of several reliable companies. However, this
route is also the most expensive. The following
companies are good people to do business with and
are Christian companies. Write for their list.
Arrow Head Mi1ls Inc.
The Simpler Life
P.O. Box 866
Hereford, Tx. 79045
and/or
Neo-Life Company of America
25000 Industrial Blvd.
Hayward, Cal, 94545
-51

This is a fast way to get properly-packed longlife quality foods. They have both staples such as
beans, peas, grains, and also important items like
protein supplements. Also available are various
freeze dried items which will add variery.
Egergency or Escap.e Foods
Each member of the family should have a prepacked,
accessible survival kit. Read the survival kit section
for suggestion of contents. The crucial component of
any kit is water, then food. Nutrition is Ehe key to
survival. Using that principle, the ideal foods for
a survival kit are the ones that provide maximum nutrition, less bu1k, light-weight and easy preparation.
Items fitting this criteria are few and far between. ProEein supplements are one of the items. They
can provide all the nutrients your body needs to run
on in a complete, easy to carry, easy to measure, easy
to prepare package. They are exPensive but each member
of the family should have a pound of protein supplement
in Eheir kit. Protein supplement and water make a
complete meal. If a vitamin and mineral supplement
is added, an ideal emergency food source is found that
is easy to carry. The Neo-Life Company has a product
cal1ed Super-base that is exceptional.
A new product to fit this criteria is a health
food supplement known as Spirulina Plankton. It is
bland tasting, expensive and also just about the most
compact easily digestible source of protein known to
man. It can be found at various health food stores.
Eight ounces will sustain for a week. This is not to
say that you wouldntt shed a few pounds but you would
be able to work, to walk, and to fight.
Other foods rich in protein and concentrated
include tofu, soybeans (toasted) and soybean Puree.
Water packed can goods are the last thing you
want to lug around when you must move fast!
Supplement the above with bags of rice, lentils,

oatmeal and seasonings.

-58-

Home Food Storage

The ideal plan for home storage involves both

food on hand and long term storage of grains and
other staples.
In an emergency it is always expedient to consume
the foods in refrigerator and freezer first. In this
way perishables will not be wasted. Food in a freezer
will stay frozen for up to three days.
The following is a list of foods that have been
known as a sole food source for an extended period
of time in emergencies or as food that fueled various
armies: Lentils, dried peas and split peas, rice,
dried beans, corn and wheat. These are listed in
their order of nutritional vatue.
It is possible to combine differenL vegetable
products to produce a better quality protein. Examples
are beans and rice or corn and beans, split peas and
wheat.

Wheat, powdered milk, honey and salE were once

considered the onJ.y four requirements for a survival
storage plan but even combined they are lacking in
protein. However, wheaL and powdered milk may make up
the bulk of your food storage if supplemented with
other foods or protein concentrates.
Salt should be thought of as a condir;'ent only.
5 lbs. per person per year.
Honey also is important. It is safer than sugar
and also more concentrated as a shreetener. 50 lbs.
per person per year. Should stored honey crystaLize
it can be restored to liquid by placing the container
in a pan of warm rf,ater for a period of time.

It is advisable to

daEe

all

packages, cans or

other food containers. You should rotate your foods

so that the oldest are used first. This will insure
that food does not lraste and also enhance the nutrition
of your foodThe following chart provides an ideal list of
foods to be stored for a orr" y"", period:
-59-

o\

beans, peas, soy

beans, lentils, etc.

25

90

Variety of grains,
rice, oats, corn,
barley, millet, etc.

Variety of dried

25

30

Vegetable shortening
and salad oils

20

75

heck

30

65

200

Vitamin supplements

45

Sugar and/or honey

Salt

85

300

Male Fem.

ADULTS

Nonfat dried milk

Wheat

ITEM

FOOD STORAGE

20

55.

25

r0

45

20

20

65

20

for

25

r00

160

r00
r00

7-S

4-6

ith yot rr phys: ician

15

r00

70

l-3

CHILDREN

30

r00

220

Girl

26

85

30

25

90

30

30

100

200

Girl

35

r15

40

25

85

45

140

45

50

r00

335

Boy

16-20 yrs.

storage item

40

r00

280

Boy

l3-15 yrs

advice on th

30

100

2r0

lo-12

TEENAGERS

QUANTITY IN POUNDS REQUTRED }'OR EACH FAMILY MEMBER

(Rounded to nearest 5 lbs,)

AMOUNT
NEEDED
FOR FAMILY

T0TAL

PRIMARY PRIORITTBASIC FOOD STORAGE PLAN FOR ONE YEAR

o\

Water (emergency
use only)

canned meats

Variety of

powdered eggs, etc.

flakes, margarine,
butter,

chocolate, banana

Variety of gelatin,
jello, tapioca,

Variety of fruits
(fresh equivalent)

equivalentl

concentrates

Variety of canned
fruit juice

equivalent)

20

l5

100

t(.

50

35

Variety of vegetables
(fresh equivalent)

Potatoes (fresh

10

Peanut butter

t4

15

10

100

20

50

30

10

t4

50

l5

25

20

10

t4

l0

75

20

25

25

t5

l4

10

lo

75

20

50

25

15

t4

15

to

100

25

50

35

l5

t4

l5

to

100

25

50

35

l5

t4

20

15

1d0

35

75

45

15

t4

15

lo

100

25

75

35

15

t4

25

20

150

30

100

55

l5

One critical appliance that i.s an absolute must

for food storage in bulk is a grain grinder. The nonelectrical variety is what we recommend. Grinders

can be purchased from the following address.

R&R

Mi1l

45 lIest

Company

First

Inc.

North
smirhsfield, Utah 84335
An excellent r4ray to enhance your food storage
program is to set aside a certain amounE each week
to spend at the grocery s tore .

that history shows,

the
coin of the realm.
in times of crisis, food is
You should also consider

Sprouting

Sprouting of seeds increases the nutrition of

the seed or bean. You ingest living food and it is
powerful, healthful and can be done easily. No survival storage plan is cornplete without sProuts. They
can be eaten raw, added to souPs and sLews or used
as an ingredient to make gourmet sandwiches. Mung
beans and alfalfa seeds are easiest Eo sprout and
virtually all beans and peas can be sprouted.
The tools youtll need are as follows: one quart
jar, rubber band, scraPs of small and large nylon
netting and a water source.
Measure 2 tablespoons of alfalfa seeds or a
quarter cup of mung beans into the quart jar. Cover
it" 3". wich fine nylon net secured with the rubber

band.

the seeds overnight (eight to twelve hours)

in cool !,Iater, covering the seeds amp1y.
Drain the soaking water.
Flush thoroughly with cold water twice a day'
Separate entwined sprouts with fork. Better rinsing
makes for better sProuts.
Drain after washing and Iay jar propped or on
Soak

its side.

(eep the jar out of direct sunlight. Try for

65-70o temperature.

-62-

As the sprouts grow, change to a larger meshed

netLing to allow the seed hu1ls to flush out. Expose the sprouts to direct sun the last day or tlvo
to add ch1orophyll. Once again, sprouting is a must
for a solid, healthy food storage program.
Besides being nutritious, they are incredibly
economical and are t'living food.rt It has been claimed
that one could virtually live on sprouts alone. While
this could make for dul1 meals, the use of sprouts in
survival menu planning is important.
Almost any seed, grain, or legume can be successfully sprouted although most think that alfalfa, soybeans, mung beans, 1enti1s, peas and the cereal
grasses (wheat, oats, barley, and rye) provide best
results. Never eat potato sprouts, as they are poisonous

Sprouting causes incredible leaps in the vitamin

content of the seeds sprouted. Sprouted grains and
legumes supply all eight essential amino acids which
make up rrcomplete'r proteins. Sprouts are also fu11
of enzymes which are also necessary for a healthy
body.

From each pound of dry beans you sprout, four

to eight pounds of shoots can be harvested. Sprouting requires no cooking preparations, also.

The following charts are an excellent synopsis

of the sprout world:

-63-

o\
N

SERVING IDEAS

I\IUTRITIONAL
HIGHLIGHTS

SPROUTING TIPS

LENGTH

HARVEST

GROWING TIME*

AWAY

RINSE HULIS

SCREEN TOPS

SOAK TIII,IE

inches

Eat raw in sdads,

sandwiches, or as
Sprout Loaf

C,D,E,K

Tops list in content of

minera.ls, protein,
Vitamins A, B-omplex,

before hawest, to
develoo chloroohvll

Place in indirect
sunlight l-2 days

l-2

4-6 days

3rd or 4th day

Begin fne, chmge to

medium

days

in salads

Tastes like fresh peas

in a pod; delicious raw

Protein, minerals,
Vitamins A ild C

Use alone, or combine

with alfalfa for mle
slaw Sprout Loaf

Rich in minerals,
Vitamins A md C

A.llow time to develop

chlorophyll

inches

days

expansion during soak

time

7r-llt

46

3rd or 4th day

Begin fine, chmge to

medium

&12 hom

Allow ample rmm for

Yr-lr inch

3{

No hulls

Coarse screen

&12 hours

,l-6 hours

quart

I qun

1 quart

YIELD

CABBAGE

Y. cup

BLACK.EYED PEAS

1 cup

L\'-2 T,

ALFALFA

DRY SEED
MEASURE

SEED VARIETY

quart

cup

|t-1

inch

3-8 days

No hulls

Sweet enough for

desserts

Niacin, folic acid,

Vitamin A

is delicious

Experiment with all

varieties, sweet com

cMse

Medium, chage to

12-16 hours

CORN

quart

inch

salads

Nutty favor, good in

Complete protein,
numerous mirerds

Combine with Wheat

for nutritious mixtue

h-l

3-5 days

No hulls

Coarse screen

12-16 hours

Y. cup

GARBANZOS

quart

Delicious in soups,
salads, dressings, or
spreads

B vitarins

Complete proteirq

nutritious

longer, but less

Tasty and crispy if

grom

days

Yr-lt imh

&4

for seed skins

3rd or 4tI day

to come

Begin medium, chmge

&12 hous

Yr cup

LENTILS

LN

o\

Complete protein,
vitamins A, B-complex,

Best sprouted alone,

do not use soak water

14-l inch

3-5 days

No hulls

Base for cheese or

yogurt, in casseroles,
salads, or stem tlem

casseroles

desserts, salads,

Salads, meat loaf,

sandwiches, blend in
dips

minera.ls

Potassium, other

Develop chlorophyll,
snappy flavor

16-1% inches

3-5 days

3rd or 4th day

Coarse screen

Omelettes, Oriental
dishes, salads, soups

As a snack, or in

Begin fine, change to

coarse

quart

cup

12-16 hours

SOYBEANS

C,E

Excellent protein,
niacin, minerals

Use raw, shelled nuts

Vr inch

3-4 days

quart

&12 hours

% cup

RADISH

tron

Protein, Vitamins A,
C, calcium phosphorus,

wamer temperature

Grow in dak, at

}1-2 inches

3-5 days

3rd or 4th day

No hulls

Coarse screen

quart

cups

Begin medium, change

to coarse

*Growing time may vary due to temperature

and water conditions.

SERVING IDEAS

NUTRITIONAI
HIGHLIGHTS

SPROUTING TIPS

LENGTH

HARVEST

GROWING TIME-

RINSE HULLS
AWAY

SCREEN TOPS

}'

12-16 hours

PEANUTS

8-12 hous

1 quart

YIELD

SOAK TIME

Y. cup

MI]NG BEANS

DRY SEED
MEASURE

SEED VAIIIETY

quan

|l

inch

spreads

Delicious as is, satads,

with fruit, or in

Minerals, proteins,
unsaturated fatty acids,
Vitamins D md E

Sprout will get bitter

if allowed to develop
green leaves

Not more than

2-3 days

3rd day
for seed skins

to coarse

Begin medium, change

&12 hours

2 cups

SUNFLOWER

cups

quart

lt

casseroles
Long: dessert, breads,
or Juce

Short: salads, soups,

C, E, complete
nutrition

Vitamins B-complex,

Gmd protein,

Length grom depends

upon intended use

/r-1 inch

2-3 days
or 4-7 days

No hul.ls

Medium screen

8-12 hours

%-l

WHEAT

Sto.ring your

Food

The ideal storage area is dark and dry with a

40-600 temperature range. Do not set containers on
bare fIoor. Use pallets. Al1ow air space for circulation around containers. Label all containers.
Set in a store of mason jars for canning and tops.
If not used they will be an excellent barter item.
Air tight resealable metal or plastic containers,
in one to five gallon sizes, make excellent holders
for bulk storage foods.

55 gallon steel container drums with locking

ring covers are also suitable for storage of bulk
grains and other foodstuffs.
You can pack your own containers and save money
doing it. Once you have obtained the grains and the
containers, purchase quantities of dry ice. Take a
container and fill it t futt. Insert a layer of dry
ice and aIlow it to evaporate. Add another layer of
grain then dry ice on up to the top. This will give
you an inert atmosphere in your containers. The
breakdown of the food is slowed because it doesnrt
oxidize; also insect infestation is prohibited because they cannot breathe.
Bay leaves layered in the top of the conEainer
discourage weevils in grains or powdered milk. Make
sure lids are air tight.
Weevits thrive on soap residues in containers.
DetergenEs do not have the same attraction.
The following address is an excellent source of
containers and other storage items:

Surv-Con Inc.

P.O. Box

19130

Derroit, Mi.

48219-0130

-66-

Radiation & Food

Food that has been inadiated (sub-atomic particles
having passed through it) will not be radioactive.
Some of its food value may be destroyed but iE will
still be edible.
Food in cans or containers that shieid it from
fallout dust is alright if the dust is removed from
off the container.
Gardening

It is not within the scope of this book to pro.ride

gardening instruction, If you are considering gror^7ing part of your food and preplanning on a bountiful

harvest, remember this fact: It took the pilgrims

three years to become self-sufficient.
These people
lived in a agrarian age. They knew that food came
from the soi1, not the supermarket. please do not
think that you can just go out and throw a few seeds
out and then sit back waiting for the harvest. If
you can garden now, do so, especially if you have
never done it.
It is both an enjoyable experience
and a rewarding survival skil1. Try to grow more
than what you can eat within the year, and learn to
can or dry what is extra. This will aid your food
storage tremendously.
We recommend the following hand tools for working
your garden:
shovel
hard rake
long spade
hand spade
hoe
hand cultivator
leaf rake
compressed air sprayer
wheelbarrow or garden
cart
The following list of seeds will provide a garden
for a family of four for two years:

-61

Amount

AmounE

onions
peanuts

hot

pepPers

radishes
squash
*summer

:kwinter
Eomatoes
:ks

tandard

*pas t.e

sunflower
t.urnips and/or
rutabaga

broccoli
cabbage

*ear1y
*mid-season

a-"2.

cantalouPe
greens
*sPinach
:kco l1ard s
*mustard

4 lbs.
I oz.
2 oz.

',kka1e

2 oz.
2 oz.

Peas

s\deet PePPers
Potatoes
'kl Yrs . seed
swiss chard

I oz.
I oz.
I lb.

ts
carrots

bee

\ *.
I oz.

corn
cucumbers

leeks

I oz.
I oz.
1 oz.

lettuce

2 oz.

t ru.
t ru.
\t.
t ru.

2 1bs.
L oz.
100 lbs

t rt.

6 oz,
4 oz.
4 lbs.
L oz.

oz.

2 oz.

,4 Lb.
okra
*late fa11
The following two addresses can supply any of
Ehe seeds listed above:

Vermont Bean Seed ComPanY

Garden Lane
Bomoseen, Vt. 05732
W. Atlee BurPee CornPanY

Warminster, Pa. L8974

-68-

I,{ATE

JOHN I :37 -38

Water is the single most critical component in
physical survival preparations. The human body can
only go 6-8 days without water. This figure itself is
deceiving in that by day four, you will cease to
function coherently. Lethargy will have set in, along
with hallucination and madness.
While your body can store up food in the forrn of
fat and muscle, it cannot store up an excess of water.
You must secure a water source, a permanent source being
far superior to a storage program and a storage program
being superior to a reliance on outside systems.
Estimates vary to between 10 to 25 million people
per year die due to unclean r^rater supplies or unsanitary
conditions. The World Health Organization estimates
that 802 of all the sickness in the world is attributable
to inadequate \rater supply and sanitaLion. On their
ovrn, these statistics are distant from the reality of
the comforts and security of modern America. Letrs put
them in proportion.
The majority of Americans live in or around our
metropolitan areas. These areas, discussed in detail
elsewhere, are vulnerable to sabotage and natural catastrophe. Three things will happen when the taps go
dry. There will be a mad and dangerous assault on existing supplies. When the clean water is gone, thirsty
people will turn to impure sources. Impure water will
produce disease, rampant disease. Simultaneously, when
the water pressure is gone and the power is off, people
will be unable to put out the accidental fires. These
accidental fires will be numerous as people turn to
gasoline, kerosene, candles and wood for heat, light
and cooking. The cities will burn!
Our recommendations are as follows: Relocate in
an area with water that can be drawn by hand. Do not
rely on electrical pumps ! Even if you relocate in a
secure retreat area, store fifteen gallons of water
for each member of your family. This will provide you
a two week buffer. If you do nothing but store fifteen

-69-

gallons of water, you will have benefited from reading

this book and it costs you nothing.
To store \^rater you can use five gallon buckets
with sealable lids or glass jars (in essence, canning
the water). If the vrater is out of city taPs, it will
already have been treated, if your containers are clean
so will your water be.
If water has been stored for a period of time,
iL will develop a flat taste. This inconvenience can
be removed by aerating the water. To do this pour it
back and forth between two containers.
If the water to be stored has not been treated
chemically, you can easily do so. The following methods
can be used. We also suggest rotating stored water at
least once every year to insure purity. If water is
suspected and no chemical agent is available for purification, boiling can be used to ki11 bacteria.
To purify water by boiling, bring to rapid boil
and maintain for ten minutes. Boiled water will be
flat tasting; this can be removed by aerating.
Clorox bleach, which contains chlorine, and iodine
are Ewo agents that can be used Eo purify water. The
amounts are as follows:
BLEACH

Amount

of Water

Clear

2 drops

One quart
One ga1lon

Five gallons

B drops
'< tsp.

Clou.dJ

4 drops
16 drops
1 tsp.

lODINE

(*ifGTr)
Amount

of

One quart
One gallon

Water

Clear

Cl.oudJ

drops

8 drops

12 drops

24 drops

Commercial purification tablets are also available

from surplus, Sporting Goods or wilderness outfitters.
I,Ihen using a chemical purifying agent, a1low the water
to set for one half hour before drinking'

-70-

Another device that r^re recommend is a silver_

portable ones are avairable
charcoal hrater purifier.
by Lhe following brand names: I^Iater I^Iasher, Super
Straw or H-Z-OK. The large purifiers will do i,000
gallons of water. These devices will not ."rolr" water
soluble poisons but they will remove all particulate
matter (particles). This is significant in that rhey
remove fallout from water, or dirt particles.
The only foolproof method of water purification
is distillation.
Health food stores se11 nonelectrical
water purifiers that can be used on a wood stove or other
heat source. Depending on your resources, this could
be a very sound investment.
Emergency water may also be located in your house.
Water will be in your water heating tank, in your wet
packed canned goods. It will also be found in the
tank behind your toilet.
Besides drinking and personal use, water is crucial
for using dehydrated foods and sprouting. Take these
facts into account in \^/ater storage.
While there are numerous methods of obtaining
water, r{re can not deal with desert or survival in depth.
in this book. If you are planning on fleeing the cities
for the safety of the desert, the ski11s you will need
to survive there must be learned beforehand. Some
things you can learn from a book, and some things not.
One fine way to obt.ain water is the collection of
rain water. Eaves and rain barrels are one method. A
military poncho can be used. Water will pool in racks
andhard places. This water will be dangerous if fallout has contaminated the area. It is the fallout particles that are dangerous, not the water. Remove the
particles and the r^rater can safely be used.
Another method of obtaining water is to drag cloths,
towels or rags through grass or brush that is wet with
dew. The water is then squeezed out of the cloth. Such
waEer should always be filtered and boiled before drinking.
Another device for yielding water is the solar
still.
Dig a pit at least two feet deep and three feet
-1

l-

across. In the bottom of Ehe pit place a container.

A piece of surgical tubing will amplify the efficiency
of this method. Run it from the conEainer to outside
the pit. It will function as a stravr. Over the pit
a sheet of plastic is placed, weighted down by rocks or
dirt. A stone is placed in the center of the plastic
weighting it down to form an inverted cone. The stone
should rest over the container.
As the sun beats down on the surface of the plastic,
it will cause the moisture in the pit to condense on the
underside of the plastic. Being on a downward slope it
will run down to the inverted peak and drip into Ehe
container.
To increase the efficiency of a solar sEill, place
broad leafed plants or grass clippings in the pit surrounding the container. The moisture in the plants will
also condense on the plastic. Use the drinking tube
so thaE each time you wanE water, you will not have to
disturb the plastic covering. Theyield of still of these
dimensions will be between t to 3 pints per day.
Plug end

tubing

<--

Approximately

36"

---)
ate

ly

Rock

-1 2-

ol

LOTH ING

There are men & women in many of the large metropolitan and suburban areas of this country whose entire
life is a walk from house to car to office back to car
to supermarket to shopping mal1 to reEurn home. They
are the people of the cubicles (house, car, office, shopping mal1). Many people who live this lifestyle, even
those in harsh northern climates owrr no winter clothing,
no winter footwear, no thermals. While this is the ultimate
tribute to the artificial
support systems that maintain
the rrbeastr', it is suicidal. Over two hundred Americans
have died from causes directly related to the winter of
1981-82.

I^Ihile these deaths may be dismissed by many due to

the fact that they occur among the indignant and e1der1y,
it must be understood that this is a classic example of
the conditions that will prevail during a collapse. When
the electicity stops, the stores stand empty and fuel is
no longer available, many Americans witl succumb. Hel1
might be an inferno but the road there may well be full
of ice, snow, and art.ic winds.
If you have never been cold, really co1d, then
you're lucky. It is painful. Lack of food can multiply
Ehe bodyts perception of cold; needless to say lack of
shelter will do the same. I^Je aE C.S.A. urge you to secure
proper clothing for your area. Clothing that will allow
you to function in snow, rain or hot weather. The following suggestions will help you select clothing that aid
you to survive, stay \rarm, and when the time comes, fight
the enemies of God and America.
If you want a harsh lesson in the honors of cold
weather survival in time of war, read about Valley Forge
and the horrible winEer where the forces under Washington
almost gave in. Other examples are Napoleants retreat .
from Moscow or the German retreat from Russia in WW II.
Cold is an enemy if you are unprepared. It will be an
ally i f you are . (t'tat th ew 24: 20 ) .
We will discuss civilian clothing before we discuss
military. When it comes to quality, commercial clothIt is also far more
ing is far superior Eo military.
-7

3-

expensive. One way to go for winter wear is to use

the layering principle. This means rather than one
super tt,i"t-aorn (goose feathers) coat, you use
multiple layer of cloEhing. Start wiEh thermal
underwear or longjohns. Add T-shirt, wooL shirt,
pants, sweater or s\^Ieat shirt and then parka. When
using this method and exerting energy, iE is easy
to build up a slreat. By sirnply opening the parka,
you can cool off.
Wool is an excellent insulating material. It
can absorb moisEure and still retain much of its
heat reEaining properties. SweaEers, shirts or Pants
are an ideal method of keeping vlarm that are made
of wool. Woolen garments worn next to the skin are
more effective due to the stimulation of the skin
surface which increases blood circulation.
A commercial parka, such as the better sporting
goods and wilderness outfitters se1l, is an ideal
survival garment. They are wind resistant, many are
water repellant, and almost all have multiple pockets,
a useful feature. A new material called Gore-Tex

is the ideal material for a parka. It is available

in commercial camouflage patterns atso.
Work clothes or denim jeans are an asset. When
Ehe collapse comes, there will be a greaL deal of
physical 1abor. Extra clothing for yourself and
family is an excellent investment. Inlork clothing
can be purchased at Wards, Sears or other retail
stores and also cheaply at second-hand stores.
Winter
Socks are another item that are critical.

cross country over the knee socks are excellent for

cold weather. Many other types of outdoor socks are
also available. Tube socks are excellent for llarmer

weather wear.
Foot wear is perhaps the single most critical
iEem in your wardrobe. It is absolutely imperative
that any footwear designed with survival in mind
must be broken in before hand. A pair of hiking
boots that have never been worn will usually blister
the wearer if not gradually broken in.
-7

4-

The type of footwear you need depends on climate.

Cold weather boots that are insulated and water-proof
are a must. Pacs are boots with a rubber bottom and
a leather top that usually begins around the ankle.
Leather boots of cormnercial manufacture that are
insulated can be purchased at many sporting goods
stores. Since boots are the critical factor in your
survival wardrobe, this is money well spent.
Other footwear that will be of use are the Vietnam
style jungLe boots. These feature a t'panamat' sole
that sheds mud and a steel plate that stops sharp
objects from penetrating the soLe of the foot. There
are copies, usually of Korean origin; forget them.
The real ones are the best. They are durable and
excellent for warm weather.

boots also make exceLlent foot wear. They

in used condition economically from
surplus stores.
Commercial work boots are also a good way to go.
Pay the extra and buy good ones and youtll save money.
Theyrlt outlast 2 or 3 pairs of inferior quality boots.
Tennis shoes are the most comfortable shoes you
wiLl ever wear but they are inferior for use while
carrying loads such as a backpack because they offer
poor foot support. They should sti11 be found in
the wardrobe.
Military clothing can be found at surplus, sporting goods stores, and gun shows or from the numerous
mail order houses.
If you believe as rf,e do, that war is coming to
America, you will want to purchase military clothing.
Olive drab fatigues aLso make excelLent work clothes
and can be purchased at various surplus outlets. It
would not hurt to have several sets.
Combat

can be purchased

-7 5-

Camouflage clothing has become a status item. Just

as hippies were known by the length of the hair, survivilists have become tyPecast by their camoufl?ge

fatigues. There are di-fferent types of camoufLage,

ranging from commercial used by hunters, to solid

bfact iatigues for night operations. You should

choose a pattern that fits the area you live. in.
Leaf pattern is the most cofitrnon Pattern. It originated in the Viet Nam era. It is one of the patterns
we use at C.S.A. In the suntrner when the foilage is
thick and green, it works well. However, if the brush
is dried and browned, it is too dark. It was designed
to bl-end ldith thick, lush foilage be it forest or
jungle. It is excellent at night.
I,Ioodland is the new American pattern. It is a variation of leaf PatEern and is designed for use when
American soldiers are sent to fight in the woodtands of
Europe. It is atso good for lush, green areas. It
works well at night.
Tiger stripe is another Pattern. It is designed for
the deep jungles of Asia. It is everglade or bayou
camo with too much black for many areas. It functions
as good night camo.
Another new American Pattern is desert camo. There
are sandy and desert areas of the U.S. where this would
be a must. It is cormnonly available from many of the
same outlets as leaf Pattern.
Simple snor{ ctmo can be concocted by using a white
sheet. Snow camo will also add another layer of clothing. Any white pants will work well with sno\f, clmo toPs.
The military field jacket is an excetlent piece of
survival clothing. without liner it \ril1 provide warmeh
in moderate to fairly cold weaLher. With liner and
hood it will make an excellent cold weather coat. It
has four pockets, thro in the breast and two low at the
sides. A11 the pockeEs are designed to be accessible
with webb gear on. This is not true on many pieces of
commercial clothing. Field jackets are availabl'e in
olive drab and all camo Patterns.
-76-

American Camouflage

-77-

{@
Camouflage

Snow

Camouflage

Italian

Many other articles of military apparel are available at surplus outlets. A comprehensive list would
be too exhaustive for this manual. If you check around,
you may discover many useful items.

Headgear is another consideration. You must keep

your head covered in cold weather because it will allow,
if exposed, massive loss of body heat.
Navy watchcaps, ranger caps and cold weather helmet
liners will all function well as will the hood available
for the field jackets or the hood on a hooded sweatshirt.
This is a critical item.
A wide brimmed hat or a mesh type baseball hat are

excellent for shade in hot weather.

The hands must also be protected, both during cold
weather and during hard labor. Military gloves available with both shel1 and liner are accompanied by a

separate trigger finger. You cannot fire your \.eeapon

while wearingmittens. This is a critical consideration.
The principle of shel1 and liner will keep the hands
warmer than a single lined or unlined glove. The shell
and liner principle traps air. This is the secret of
warmth.

Work gloves are another item you will want to add

to the survival wardrobe. Leather or cloth gloves can
be purchased aE hardware stores or department stores.
The final items to consider are a belt such as the
G.I. belt and a bandana. The bandana can perforn so
many useful services from first-aid to wash cloth to
sweat band. It is commonly available in leaf print
camo cloth. It also will make an excellent camo face
mask.

There are several more points to discuss about clothMake shift insulation can be gained from sources
other than clothing. Hobos l'rill tell you about the
insulating capabilities of newspaper. They either wad
it or fold it and put it in their clothes. They also
rnake their houses in large cardboard boxes.
Plastic bread wrappers and plastic bags are anoEher
way t.o help the feet stay warm and dry. Plastic garbage

irrg.

-7

9-

bags with head and arm holes will also help you stay
the clothing. Beware though noE to cover
the entire body because it can suffocate your skin.
Plastic exercise or rrarm-up suits also lock body heat
in. The use of pLastic is only for extremely cold
weather as it will make you svreat profusely. It also
can be very noisy to wear.
One note of interest. Cattail down has been successfully used as an insulator in down jackeEs. It
can be found at marshes, swamps and drainage ditches
and costs nothing. Nothing but the Eime to gather.
warm under

The raingear siEuation is best handled by the use

The older, thick army surplus
models are both durable and available for a reasonable
price. They are large enough that they can be worn

of a waterproof poncho.

over equipment. Ponchos will also function as ground

cloths and makeshift shelter tarps. Each member of the
family should have one.
Round out your survival wardrobe with a sewing kit
including thread, buttons, needles and scissors. In
the future it is likely that many of us will be mending
before buying new.

-80-

Chapter Three:
PERSONAL HOME DEFENSE

-B

1-

PERSONAL HOME DEFENSE

There are two basic premises concerning survival.

The first is mobility as a means of survival and the
second is defense of a fixed position, such as home
or retreat..
To say that no situation exists where mobile
survival would be standard operating procedure is
untrue. However, Ehe rule of thumb for survival is
that a fixed position properly locaLed and equipped
will be a far superior oPt.ion for group, family or
individual. When cities collapse, mass evacuation
will ensue. America will become one massive traffic
jam; we mean this in a lireral sense. Vehicles will be
left where they sit. Anarchy, chaos, confusion and
mayhem will be abroad in the 1and, Now picture John
Q. Jones and family with their backpacks. Know the
nature of the enemy! Normal, moral Americans cannot
comprehend they are being betrayed by those in high
places nor can they comprehend what the savages, degenerates and mental defectives who will be loosed when
law and order deteriorate are capable of.
We will now discuss how to fortify your dwelling or
retreat. To even consider your site secure, it should
be at least 100 miles distance from the nearest city
of 100,000 population. We suggest a wooded, hilly siEe
with a well for a source of water, wood for firewood
and as few neighbors as possible. When selecting a
retreat, be discreet. There is no need to 1et your
neighbors know what you are uP to. A 1ow profile will
aid your security and safety.
We suggest either locating your dwelling on the f1at,
top surface of a hill or on the side of a hill between
L/3 or 7/4 of. the way from the top. There is a military principle that explains these choices for location---Elevation commands. If your position comes under
seige, it is better to have attackers slowIy trudging
upward towards you than speeding on level or downhill
slope.
You do not want your position to be silhouetted against the sky, so ideally your habitation should rest
amidsE surrounding trees, preferably concealing evergreens.

-82-

As an alternate source of water for now,

and perhaps as the primary source for
later, it is advisable to have a well
drilled, where you can use a well bucket
and rope. The bucket holds 2 gallons of
water.

-83-

lrr:

i:,

A wood cookstove (above) and a wood heat stove

(below) are mandatory items for any home that
wishes to survive after any kind of collapse'

1s

',r.{' .a

..'

.\'t
-84-

fr

Alternate sources of lighting for either before

or after the electricity goes off: the Coleman
Lantern, kerosene lamps, and candles. One ga1lon
of Coleman fuel will burn for 64 hours. One ga1lon of kerosene will light up 4 kerosene lamps an
average of one-two weeks. Most candles will burn
from one to four hours. The Coleman lantern will
put out more light than four kerosene 1amps. However, one gallon of Coleman fuel is approximately
twice that of kerosene in cost of fue1. Extra
parts should be bought no matter which \^ray you go
for lighting. If possible, store up on fuel, a1so.
An excellent storage program would be 55 gallons of
kerosene and 25 gallons of Coleman fuel, per fami1y. This quantity would last approximateLy 3-4
years. Note also that the Coleman lantern is a
little noisier than the kerosene lamps while
burning.

-85-

Once location is secured you need to begin fortification. If land is purchased with an existing structure,
If constructing a new dwelling these
it can be fortified.
principles can be incorporated into the building. It is
ideal Eo rock up your house at least to the leve1 of the
middle of your windows. Not only will this provide you
with bullet proof walls around your shooting ports but
it will benefit as insulation also. If you sEill feel
insecure at your windows, steel plates can be acquired
with slits cut out to provide rifle ports. A mants home
is his castle and he had best make it able to withstand
seige. Numerous books are available detailing Ehe rrhow
to do it" of rocking up walls. An area with natural deposits of rock, makes for one of the cheapest and quickest forms of fortification available.
If rock is not available, sandbags or improvised
materials can be used. Books, logs, boards, or sand-fi1led
55 gallon drums will all work. Let us again urge you to
of your house.
underEake the fortification
Next, you need to clear a trfield of fire". What this
term means is that you create emPty sPaces Ehat attackers
must cross to approach you. If t.here is no concealment
for the enemy, he will be a clear target. Good for you,
bad for him. If on the other hand, an enemy can sneak
up on you, and reach your house while you cannot get a
clear shot at him, you have a serious and possibly lethal
problem. When clearing the land, it is far superior to
cut wiEh a chainsaw than bull dozer. This will leave you
wiuh firewood. Piled firewood will rnake excellent
defensive barriers when placed next to your house. This
will aid in stopping any projectiles from penetrating
the house wa11s.
Ideally, a border of trees will surround your house
for up to fifty yards then leave a few trees every 25-

75 yards.

clearing your land for a field of fire, mark

trees for distances. One example is by nailing a white
board for 100 yards, two boards for 200 yards, e,tc. This
will aid your sighting in targets. Especially with weapons such as the H-K 91, which has a yardage meter on the
sights.
Upon

-86-

These two pictures were taken from the same spot,

to show the field of fire distant from the perimeter, and how the housing area should remain se-

cluded with

its tree protection.

-87

NexE, you should construct barriers to slow down any

approaching hostiles. An easy way to accornplis,h this aim
is by constructing fences. Ideally, three fences at
various dist.ances from your dwelling should be used.

The first would stretch around your dwelling 5 to 10

yards out from the wooded area surrounding your house.
Next, construct a fence barrier 50 - 100 yards Past that
one. The final fence should be 75 to 100 yards pasr the
second. The best wire to use would be heavy gauge woven
about 4 feet in height. This shouldbe topped with 2 or
3 strands of barbed wire, 6 to 12 inches apart. This wilL
stop anyone seeking to crawl under the fence and make it
difficult to climb over. Woven wire is also hard and
slow to cut.

;1;

|lr

(To make your house as defensable as possible,

rock it up.)

-88-

of wire fences to have as

perimeters are woven wire with strands of barbed
wired on top, or else many strands of barbed
wire. Each fence, for defense purposes, should
be at least 6-8 feet tall, with the strands of
barbed wire about 6 inches apart.
The two best kinds

-89-

Examples

of Perimeter

Fences Using Barbed Wire:

-90-

Improvised obstacles are atso effective in slowing

the progress of an approaching enemy. Pungy sticks,
sharpened pieces of wood, point up, are cheap to make
yet very effective. A 10 yard wide stretch of these
around your inunediate perimeter or any bunkers might
force attackers to pick another route or betEer yeE
another target.
Consideration must next be given to the avenues
of approach to your location. It would be senseless
to fortify your position while leaving Ehe roads open.
Once the collapse occurs, you can go out and fal1
trees across your roads. Rock barriers can be constructed. Wire can be strung across the road. Another device that can be produced if you have access
Eo a welder is a variation of the ancient barrier
and'obstacle, the hedgehog. They will stop cars or
trucks. They are easy to make and to place. Smaller
versions can be made from /116 conrnon nails and used
to stop those on foot.

Tanglefoot is also helpful in hindering intruders.

By layering out old woven wire or by nailing barbed
wire from stump to stump, the progress of those approaching can be impeded.
There are other obstacles that you can use also.
Boards with nails stickinB upr scattered ti',:s, firewood, rocks, etc. These are especially beneficial
to use in low or hard to see areas forcing the enemy
back into the open.

for the purpose of

booby-Erapped areas. This

Obstacles shouLd be placed

funneling the

enemy

into

will aid in conquering any intruders.

-9

I-

To further fortify your dwelling,

bunkers can arso
used. These take ,..t tri-,
pensive. Rememb.: .. ;;yio',"i'!rlll.griiI..lriilear prorecrors. Even
wirr ao,- u_ul-tiri'e
a combar shorgun or assault
"pii.u"i'i"
rifle
ir, .-"i.,iiriuo.
--rr,"'p"rpose
rs deafening, literaliy.
"0.".
of these
lngs can be conceatea io
-;;;; build_
*..t
it"i,
,r""1
all be locared witrrin
should
;;";l;,r:dr_are perimerer and
each should also
q,arer, food, blank_
ets, ammunition, l"."e"i;;"j"ri.n
toilet OlO"rr'"a". for any
emergency.
be

Your primarv location should

also have one or tr{o
lookout positions i" . toJ.I-.I
a.rr
rree. Foxholes
or trenches also aid in d"f;";;.

It is

imporran.r.

fire fighting
!ll. you provide
-8.". ^'r'.
in
bucker",
;ff:'ffi:iiriXltry"ishers ' """d
o,:1 ri"e-",p.ur"
I":"U::
TI;"r;::_
"i-"r.r,.
eans
fortifying and
also stocti,g ip on basics.

i;;i;,

-92-

Two types of pungy sEicks that can be used around

your perimeter: Make sure that the sticks are
close enough together that one could not step thru
them. Wire or sharpened nails can be used in each
one to add to their discomfort. As a perimet.er
deterrent: pungy sticks should be at least 10-20

feet wide.

-93-

DeterrenEs to turn the uninvited: Tanglefoot wire

with pungy boards and the very effective vehiclestopping hedgehogs.

4",

l:titf".:

\I!i.

tr

94-

The Bunker: Sandbags on top for out of bunker protection, with the bunker itself rocked up and built
into the ground. The bottom picEure shows the
tunnel leading into the bunker. The tunnel itself
can also be used to defend from. It is advisable
t.o have one or two bunkers around your ovrn house.

-9

5-

The Trench and the Foxhole: Two more means for

Personal Home Defense.

-96-

Impoltant Note
The best personal home defense, remember, is
Christ Jesus and abiding in Him. Lean upon the
Scriptures for faith, knowing that faith pleases
God.

Psalms 5:11---But 1et all those that put, their

trust in thee rejoice: let Ehem ever shout for

joy, because thou defendest them: 1et them
also that love thy name be joyful in thee.
Psalms 7:10---My defense is of God, which saveth
the upright in heart.
Psalms 59:1-5----Deliver me from mine enemies, O
my God: defend me from them that rise up against
me. Deliver me from the workers of iniquity,
and save me from bloody men. For, 1o, they lie
in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered
against me; not for my transgression, nor for my
sin, O Lord. They run and prepare themselves
without my fault: awake to help me, and behold.
Thou therefore, O Lord God of hosts, the God of
Israel, awake to vist all the heathen: be not
merciful to any wicked transgressors. Se1ah.
Psalms 91---He thaE dwelleth in the secret place of
the most High shal1 abide under the shadow of Lhe
Almighty. I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust.
Surely he sha1l deliver thee from the snare of the
fowler, and from the noisome pestilence. He shall
cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings
shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield
and buckler. Thou shalt not be afraid for the
terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by
day; Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at
noonsday. A thousand sha11 fa1l at thy side, and
ten thousand at thy right hand; but it sha11 not
come nigh thee. Only with thine eyes shalt thou
behold and see the reward of the wicked. Because
thou hast made the Lord, which is my refuge, even
the most High, thy habitation; There sha11 no
evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come
-97

nigh thy dwelling. For he shaIl give his angels

charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy !{ays.

They sha11 bear thee up in their hands, lest thou

dash thy foot againsL a stone. Thou shalt tread
upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the
dragon shalt thou trample under foot. Because he
hath set his love upon me, therefore will I del-iver
him: I will set him on high, because he hath known
my name. He shall calL upon me, and I will answer
him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver
him, and honour him. with long life will I satisfy
him, and show him my salvation.
Remember the word of the Lord in corunandment and
promise as recorded in Joshua, chapter 1, and take
it to heart:
rt..Nohr therefore arise, go over...unto the land
wtrich I do give to...the children of Israel. Every

place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon,

that have I given unto you...I wiLL noE fail thee,
nor forsake thee...Only be thou strong and very

that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant conunanded
thee: turn not from it to the right hand or to the
left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou
goest. This book of the 1aw sha1l not depart out
of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day
and night, that thou mayest observe to do according
to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt,
make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have
good success. Have not I commanded thee? Be
strong and of a good couragel be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the Lord thy God is with
courageous,

thee whithersoever thou goest.rl

-98-

Chapter Four:
NATUML SURVIVAL

-99-

NATURAL SURVIVAL

Shelter

of the first things to learn is how to construcL a shelter that is suitable to the immediate
climate. Construction of a survival shelter requires an above average amount of work for extreme
weather conditions, and advanced planning for the
selection of a campsite.
A campsiEe should h"r" . good amount of firewood, protection from wind and storms, close food
and,water sources, high enough ground above flash
flood level, away from dead or rotten trees and
possible rock slides, free from poisonous plants,
1evel enough for a bed and a fire place, and enough
materials to construct a shelter and bed.
There are basically two types of shelters, temporary and semi-permanent. Temporary meaning for
a night or two and made light and quick enough to
protect from the most probable weather conditions.
Usually a simple lean-to made from a poncho or a
more complicated one from available materials found
on hand is adequate. When building a shelter out
of available materials try to find anything that is
large and seriri to completely waterproof to thatch
the roof with. Leaves and branches will work for
a short time but will eventually seep. Always be
on lookout for trash materials such as plastic
bags, old roofing tin or shingles, rugs or carpets,
inner tubesrplywood, etc.
Semi-permanent shelters should be big enough to
contain plenty of sleeping room with enough area
left over to store gear, dry firewood and kindling
without being overly crowded. It should also be
as wind and waterproof as possible, sturdy and in
a real good location. The best type of semi-permanent shelter is probably Ehe wickiup. This shelter
is made by building a tripod on which a tight circle
of poles is stacked to form a large cone-shaped
frame or teepee. This frame is then covered with
a thatching of grass, leaves, reeds, bark, rotten
One

- 100-

The two
shel ters :
The lean-t.o
and the
wickiup.

- 101

The door can be

wood, pine boughs, and even dirt.
a
reflector fire
or
large to allow for morning sun
as possible.
breeze
or small to knock off as much

If twenty-foot poles are used, a floor area, I4t

across, can be made. The more thatching material
the better the waterproofing and insulation from
the coId.

seddigg

The inside of the shelter should be thoroughly

cleaned of all rocks and big sticks. Dry grass,
cedar boughs, pine boughs, dry leaves, etc. make
good bedding. A thicker pile of bedding will be
required during cold weather. In real cold weather
a shallow trough the length and width of your body
can be dug and lined with flat stones and a long
wide fire built over these sEones to heat them and
dry the ground around and under them. Once a good
bed of coals is accomplished, remove all coals and
ashes leaving the stones, cover with the dirt from
inside of the trough and Ehen with regular bedding
material s .

Fire
A good fire is almost a necessity in any survival
situation, and not being proficient in starting one
could cost you your 1ife. Remember, fire can work
for you or against you--consider when, where, and
how you are going to build your fire.
If any trip or outing of any kind is planned,
you should instinctively carry matches just as you
would your pocket knife or watch. This is real
important unless you have the time and ambition to
try and accomplish the bow and dril1 method of starting fires. Even if you do know how to start a fire
in this manner your life could stil]- depend on how
fast and easy you can get a fire started. It is
wise to carry some wooden itstrike anywherett matches
in a waterproof container plus book matches in a
couple of othet different places with your gear.
A1so, carry a magnifying glass to start fires when
there is sunlight present. To conserve on matches
-t02-

Above: The various sizes of

good fire going.
Below: The cooking fire.

wood

to use to get

wlr
ta

It-

$
daq

a"
' 'i-r "l
,t. *b'3:^
.Y'.- *
r '-.i8f,i3-i

;{..^

r':;*

)':!

,.r.-

+)t- t

q{
:

.^$.

-103-

in case of an emergency. Some compasses have a magnifying glass in them, or a lens out of a binocular,
rifle scope, or eye glasses maybe used if need be.
Always try to maintain an alternate way of starting
your fire instead of relying on one book of paper
matches only.
The first thing to do in order to start a fire
easily is to have all your materials on hand before
you start. The first thing you should set about
finding is tinder. Tinder can be paper, dry leaves
or grass, shredded bark off of cedar trees'or any
fine, dry combustible material.
Next you should gather a bunch of twigs and
sticks starting from about a quarter of the size of
a pencil to about the size of your thumb. Then you
should gather wood about half the size of your
wrist and larger. Always gather a lot more wood
than youtll think you need. It's not any fun looking for wood at one or t!'ro orclock in the morning.
Before you light your fire, you should have a
spot planned, and the type of fire yourre going to
need. When your fireplace is ready position your
tinder loosely in the middlel next put some of your
smallest size Ewigs on top of the tinder in a teepee fashion. Donrt put enough to smother your tinder though. Now light your tinder and protect it
from the wind. As the first twigs start catching
afire, continue to add twigs and sticks according
to size until the fire is going we1l.
A sma11 chunk of candle, about an inch long is
excellent for starting weE tinder and twigs, in
case you get caught out in the rain. If you donrt
have any candles with you, you can look under old
dead logs, or inside Ehem if they are ho11oi{, under rock Ledges, or in the middle of old windfalls
for dry fire materials such as rat or mouse nests,
etc

There are basically three different kinds of

fires: the cooking fire, the heating or lighting
fire, and the reflector fire.

- 104-

The cooking fire is usuafly made tong and narrow

enough to support a pan or other type of cooking
container. Two rows of flat .rocks or two green

logs positioned the right distance apart works rLal

Leave both ends open so air can draft thru
good and so you can add wood as needed. Flames
should be used for boiling and baking and coals for

good.

broiling

and

frying.

Watch what lzourre cooking

closely or yout1l have a well done supper!

The heating and lighting fire is usually made in
the middle of a circle of rocks. This holds coals
and ashes from spreading and reduces the chance of
your fire getting out. Use a mixture of hard and
soft woods to acquire a good bed of coals from the
hardwoods and a greater amount of light from the
softwoods. This fire should be positioned where

Ehere is good freedom of movement about Eo al1ow

easy access to as many people as are present. Before going to bed, all the coals should be heaped
to the middle of the fire and more wood added along with a 1og or two on top. This will burn your
logs in two for easier burning the next night and
also insure you of having hot coals to restart your
fire easily in the morning. This will allow yo,, to
have to use only one match while in a particular
campsite. CAUTION: Do not use rocks that have been
in a creek or bordering a creek for surrounding your
fire. They will explode and could cause a possible

injury.

The reflector fire is like the heating or light

fire except it is usually positioned in front of a
shelter at a safe distance and has a wal1 or a reflector built behind it to act as a windbreak, to
reflect all the light and heat into the shelter,
making it warmer.
If trying to stay concelaled fires should be built
in heavy brush at night and kept small to avoid being seen at any distance. Fires should also be
built with the driest wood to keep smoke to a minimum. Use care in building fires in the morning and
evening. The smoke will rise only so far and then
will travel horizontally. If it is real ca1m, the
smoke will stay in a long, thin column and point ex-

-105-

The Heating Fire

-106-

l.

J.

.,t
f

,r

The Reflector Fire

-t07

actly to your location. The best remedy for Ehis

is to build fires at midday when wind'will disperse the smoke. The intensity of noon light and
also heat mirages will help to conceal your fire.
If wanting to signal some oner use the opposite
of the above techniques. Also thick bunches of evergreen boughs can be thrown onto a fire to the
point of almost smothering it, causing a highly
visable amount of smoke.
If threatening weather is approaching, gather
your tinder and sma1l twigs ahead of time and put
them somewhere so they will stay dry. If you are
planning on moving to a different location you can
prepare your tinder by drying it by a fire and
carrying it with you in a water-resistant or water-

proof container.
You can transport a live fire over along distance by making a long bundle out of a core of
shredded bark, dry grass, and long, dry, thin,
sticks. Wrap this tightly with several layers of
bark, with the outside layer being semi-green.
Place a hot coal in one end and let it ignite the
core of the bundle. This will smolder for six to
twelve hours and can be carried in the hand or even
tucked under a belt or webbing where the hot. end
will be safe. Making two of these aE a time will
a1low stopping just long enough when one burns low
to build a small fire to acquire a large enough
coal to light the nexE bundle and move on.
Snares and Deadfalls
Snares and deadfalls are real effective in taking meat and at the same time make little or no
noise and are already mostly camouflaged. Snares
are usually more effective, efficient, and easier
to build than deadfalls. The reason for this being
deadfalls work by having a heavy object balanced on
a trigger mechanism, and this usually takes at
least two people to set the trap easily. Hanging
snares prevenE escaPes from the animal being able
-108-

The Spring
Snare

The Piute
Deadfal

irlc)

to

jump about on the ground and also makes it

harder for another animal to molest your catch before you get there. Following are a list of hints
and illustrations on building snares and deadfalls.
These should be tried and practiced before relying

oir them working in the fieLd. Hints:

1. Traps should be set. in good locations: creeks,
edges of fields, persimmon patches, blackberry
thickets, places where animals find food, water
and shelter.
2. Always leave set looking natural.
3. Always make snare or deadfall big enough for the
animal you intend to catch.
4. Rub hands, before making snare, with cedar
berries or leaves, or leaves from some other type
of evergreen to conceal human scent.
5. Try not to sweat on any of the materials.
6. Try to make sets in the morning, so as much scent
as possible will evaporate. Never make seEs in
the rain.
7. Do not blow your nose, sneeze or use the bathroom anywhere near your sets.
8. A well made set in a good location is better
than five sets that were made in a hurry.
pole snares have three or four
9. When using springttresttt
made so some can
while others are set.
10. Use springy wood for spring poles, such as oak,

hickory, or

e1m.

11. Approach where you intend to make set with the

wind blowing toward you, so wind will not blow
human scent over the set.
12. Never go nearer to the set than you have to to
check

it.

13. Never smoke; it leaves a scent that follows

around.
14. Den sets

you

usually always catch something. Baited

sets are also real good.

-110-

SNARES AND DEADFALLS

t\on5n1 s\qse

Bot\eA

$on5\"5 Snatg

RoeK Deetd

Fo\

B'g\\oft

coc'
-111-

c,.

Rs\ Tsogs

\ Ts'rt1""

ir\a bocrA oa
sgr:r\ \o5

Jirst\e
Teop

$r"Xp"
ho\c-'rn sftieK

W
\ I Uc.t s\icx\s t".".A'..rro
Kr.ot ,^roii
\/ X.t" so t\q\
\| &t'*>.ti

*i

.\

.ti"i-rs i*".4.1\,/
v

R"t

D.oA{"\\ T.,$Sec

nSte'. Boirt s\icK\s bre\d \n.p\aee- bgbere.S

gus\ed o5rirrst deqd\q\\ soe-R.

-114-

Edible

PlanEs

The following are a few edible plants that grow

over most regions of North America.
BERRIES AND FRUIT

Blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries: These

berry bushes have prickly stems and saw-toothed
leaves that grow in groups of three. The berries
(except strawberries) are composed of small round
sections (red, purple, or black), each containing
a single seed. Peeled young shoots are good emergency fruits. The leaves can also be used for tea.
Choke cherrv: Small Lrees, usualLy having a reddishgray bark. The leaves are oval and pointed with
small, sa\{-toothed edges and are a shiny green co1or. Eat the red berries but not the pit. They
are best cooked with sugar or other fruitl otherwise, they are sour.
Elderberry: Usually a 5 to 12 foot shrub, but sometimes grows to treelike heights. Small shrubs have
a greenish bark. The leaves are oblong and pointed
with srna1l, saw-toothed edges and grow opposite of
each other. The berries are round and grow in purple, black, red or blue clusEers. The white, starshaped flower also may be eaten boil-ed or fried. DO
NOT EAT ANY OTHER PART OF THE PLANT.

Grape: A woody, clinging vine wirh large leaves and

The
smooth-skinned purple, red, or green fruit.
leaves may also be steamed as greens or used to
wrap other foods.
Hackberry: A sma1l to large tree with hard, rough
bark. The alternating leaves are tear-shaped with
saw-toothed edges. Fruits are round, about t inctr
wide, and vary in color from purple to orangebrown.
Honeysuckle: A slender vine with leaves growing
opposite each other and fragrant white or yellow
ftowers. The dark purpl.e berries grow in clusters
of two. Both berries and flowers are edible.
-115-

Huckleberries and Blueberries: Grow on stout shrubs.

aves are sma1l and
pointed
obtong or oval with
tips. The berries are
round and colored b1ue, black, purple, or red, depending on the variety.
Persimmon: A straight tree with dark, hard, deeplyffil-bart.
The leaves are oval, going into a
point. The unripe fruit is green; when ripe, it is
orange and about L to LLz inches in diameter. Do
not eat the unripe fruit; it witl cause dryness in

mouth. The best Eime to eat this is after

Ehe

tteeze.

SErawberry: Grolvs along the ground in paEches.

leaves are sawltoothed and in groups of three.

first

The

ROOTS AND LEAVES

Burdock: Large eLephant-ear-shaped leaves. The

leaves may be boiled and the stalks peeled and
either eaten raw or boiled. The roots may also be
peeled, cooked and eaten like corn.
Cattails: This is the familiar straight-stemmed
;ffit growing in marshes and ponds. It has straplike leaves and a 5-8 inch cylindrical head composed of minute flowers that resemble seeds. They
are green when young and brown when mature. The
young, green seed head can be roast.ed and eaten
like corn on the cob. The young shoots may be
peeled and eaten raw or cooked. The rootstocks
may be either roasted, boiled, or dried and ground
into mea1. If it seems therers not much sEarch in
the root, peel and mash it while fresh and soak it

in a little water, stirring occasionally. Let it

settle overnight, then pour off the lvater and use
the remains as a batter for cooking.
Clover: A sma1l flower growing about 12 inches
tr'Gt ,ritf, leaves in groups of three. The round,
tightly-packed flowers gro!,/ at the end of the stem,
the color varying from w,hite, yellow, or red. Any
tender part of the plant may be boiled togeEher in
a stew or by itself.
The roots are also edible
after smoking them over the fire.
-116-

H
H
!

ELDERBE

ACORN
Oak trees

PENSIMMON

T&ll, straight tree

F]

R.RIES

CATTAIL
Found in

BURDOCK

Tsll reed - gft.

CLOVER

SEall florer

Dandelion: This ho11ow-stemmed ye1low flower with

6-15 inches high is the exception to not
"te*-irfi plants \,riEh milky sap. The leaves which
eating
are variously cut.ted and pointy-toothed can be
eaten raw or steamed. They have a bitLer taste,
so you may want to change the water a couple of
times. The roots may be cooked like carrots.
Dock: This plant has curly, broad leaves with poinThe tip of the
EEE-ends coming to a snubbed tip.
dark
sma1l,
with
is
covered
stalk
tall center
in the
brown
dark
also
turns
the
stalk
seeds;
brown
green
may
stalk
young,
the
and
leaves
The
suflrmer.
be eaten as boiled greens. The seeds may be rubbed
between your palms to remove some chaff, then
ground into flour or boiled as cereal.
Ferns: A sma11, "prehistoric-looking" plant with
To"g, pencil-thin leaves that fan out into a "palm"
shape. The rootstock is edible either roasted or
boiled. Dried, it can be ground into a meal for
cakes.

Grasses: These are all plants resembling wheat,

barley, etc. They have long, thin
6Z[ry",
stalks with numerous sma11 seeds at Ehe head. The
seeds, which are edible parts, can be gathered by
either beaEing or stripping the stalk. ANY seeds
with purple fungus SHOULDBE AVOIDED. Wash the
seed, then parch it with heat, It can then be
either ground into flour, eaten whole, or boiled
as cereal.
Lambts Quarters: The leaves of this plant are
-s,ffiith irregular edges and a white pow"pear-lEE
der underneath. Little clusters of smal1, green
flowers later turn inEo dark brown seeds. Leaves
and stems may be eaten raw or cooked, and the
seeds used for flour or cereal.
Plantain: These leaves have ridged para11el veins.
Th. fofi leaves grow directly from the root and,
depending on the species, can be broad or narro\^/.
both species have a central stalk Eipped by minute,
green flowers that later turn to seeds. You can
eat the leaves rals or cooked.
-118-

Purslane: A spreading, ground-clinging plant with

sma11, f 1eshly, thj-ek, alternat,ing leaves. The
stem is reddish. The whole plant (except the root)
may be eaten raw or cooked like spinach---be sure

to

wash

it first.

Sassa'fo,3s: The leaves of this small tree of three

aIiE?6-n-E shapes: oval and poinred, rwo-lobed and
three-lobed. The two-lobed leaves are the most
distingu'ishable with a mitten shape; all three form
on the same tree. The whole tree has a spicy odor.
The roots can be dug up and used for tea. Also,
the leaves, nuts, and bulbs of the tree may be eaten
ralg.

Sunflowers: A three to six foot high stalk tipped

by a four to seven inch wide oval, yellow flower
with an oval, brown center
seeds. The
"ont.ini.rg
seeds may be eaten whole, with
or without the she1l.
The roots may be eaten raw or cooked.
Thistle: A prickly plant with spiny, lobed leaves
which have thorn-1ike projections. The plant is
usually tipped by a couple of prickly, greenish
bulbs from which a purplish, fragfant flower gror,rs.
The roots and the peeled stems are edible either
raw

or

cooked.

Wild Onion: The leaves are long, narro\^r, and nearly

ffi;Tar, ;bout ten ro rwenry iicte" high with a

central stem ending in a cluster of rose-colored or
white beIl-shaped flowers. There is a definite
onion odor permeating the whole plant.

NUTS AND TREES

Maple: The leaves have three to five irregular,

toothed lobes. The seeds are edible and are about
an inch and a half long with t,wings." The inner
bark may be ground for flour and the sweet sap can
be boiled down into sugar or syrup. Fifteen quarts
of sap will boil into eleven pounds of sugar. Between February and April bore a hole into the tree,
then drive a metal or wooden spike in and hang a
buc'ket from it.
When sap drips into the bucket,
then boil it down on a fire. Six pounds of sugar

pgr tree is average.

-1 19-

N)

SASSAFRAS

NETTLE
Stinging reed

Spicy-smelling tre

Groud-slirging virE

PURIILANE

Purple trlowred wed

MAPLE
aize tree

Mediu

PLANTAIN
Broad-leaved wed

Oak: The leaves are oval-shaped with five to nine

oblopg lobes and are attached to the stalk at the
narrow end. They bear acorns as fruit.
Wash the
nut meats and taste them; if theyrre sweet they
can be eaten raw, but if theyrre bitter then roast
them or soak them overnight. They can aLso be
ground into a course meal for bread.
Pine: The ilChristmas tree". Many varieties of pine

G"

contain edible nuts within their cones. at"o

inner bark which is edible when mashed
into a pulp. The resinous sap of a few varieties
is sugary and comes forth when the tree is injured
or bored through. A11 green pine needles are high
in Vitamin C which you need to prevent scurvy; eaE
Lhem raw or boil them into a tea.
Walnut-: Fifteen to seventeen alternate leaves will
grow from a single stem, each leaf three to five
inches long, sharp-pointed, with saw-toothed edges.
Shel1 and eaE the rather large nuts.
some have an

The following are some basic facts about food in

the wilderness:

--Don't be fussy about strange foods.

--Don't eat dead shellfish.
--Evergreen needles. make a tea that is high in
Vitamin C. Break needles to 1et sap out.
--A11 fur-bearing animals are edible and beEter for
you than plants a1one.
--A11 types of seaweed are edible.
--If you have only a little water, restrict your
food intake to plants.
--Unless you are an expert you should not eat
mushrooms. They contain little food value to
merit the risk of eating what could be fatal.
--Snails are edible. Cook rhem by boiling. In
some countries snails are considered a delicacy.
--Do not eat any plant that has a super-bitter or
extremely bad taste.
--tr'rogs are good to eat but you need to skin them
firs t .
--Larvae and grubs may be eaten raw. Grasshoppers
need to have wings, legs, and head removed before cooking. Same with crickets. Never eat
-121-

hairy caterpillars.
--You can eat all birds; just remove their feathers
are edible too.
and entrails. A11 birds'
"gg"
Cut off t*reir
edible.
are
lizards
and
--Snakes
heads and remove their entrails, then skin and
cook.

--The inner bark of mosE trees may be eaten either

dried or cooked.
--Rabbits do not have any fat on them, and if they
are eaten without any carbohydrates (sugar or
starch, which is found in all plants, as well as

animal fat), it will result in severe diarrhea,

and evenEual death. So if rabbits are 3!L yo,
have to eat, you would do better not to eat any-

thing at all.

-t22-

Weather

Always be aware of the weather condit.ions

wherever you are at. The present and futurts weather in a survival situation will determine what
you vrill have to do to survive and it will also
determine if what you did was right or not. Never take for granted what the weather is nor,, or
what it may do later. If you take care to watch
the weather you should have enough rime to find or
build suitable shelter, most of the time.
Take time at home to waEch the weather report on
television if you have one. You can study how cold
and warm fronts move and how they are associated
wittr trigtr and 1ow pressure areas. Different seasons have different weather patterns so keep track
of how thig affects your area. Following are some
tips and illustrations concerning weather.
1. Almost all wint.er storms in the northern hemisphere are proceeded by a south wind.
2. Cirrus clouds will usually proceed sLorm fronts.
Expect a change in weather within two or three
days.
3o Big black, fast moving clouds are indications
of changing weather.
4. Thunder storms run from April to October in the
south and from June until September in the

north.
5. Direction and distance of thunder storms can be
determined by counting the number of seconds
from a flash of lightning until you hear the
thunder. (S seconds per mile).
6. During a thunderstorm, stay off of hil1s, ridges,
and away from tall trees, wire fences, railroad
tracks, metal pipes and out of water.
7. Donrt go to real low ground because of the danger of flash floods.
8. To avoid tornadoes, which mostly occur during
April, May and June, stay in the valleys if you
are in hilly region. If on flat ground, find a
ditch, culvert or some kind of a depression.
Move at right angles to the approach of the tornado while looking for shelter.
-t23-

9. Cloud types:

Stratus--Low hanging, 1ong, stretched-out clouds

that usually mean bad weather is coming soon.

Cumulus---Fluffy white clouds means fair weather

for a short time, but often mean bad weather within

z-

Cirrus---High "wispy" clouds that indicate fair

weather.

Nimbus---Low, dark, thunderstorm clouds Ehat

heavy rain or snow.

-l2l+-

bring

on

N)
\,

20

15

10

10

10

20

25

30

35

40

Additional Effect

Winds Above
40 Have Little

25

30

35

40

15

10

Calm

I{i nd Speed

AND

WIND
CHILL
CHART

30

Little

Danger

15
10

-30
-30
-35

-25
-25
-30

Within

t"tay

Freeze
1 Minute

0-5 -10
-t5 -20 -25
-2 -30 -40
-30 -35 -45
-35 -45 -50
-40 -50 -55
-40 -50 -60
-45 -55 -60

Increasing Danger
(F1esh

-35

-25

-15

-30

-20

-10

-10

10

Equivalent Chi1l Temperature

20

20 15
105
0-5
0 -10
-10 -15
-10 -20
-10 -20
-15 -20

25

Temperature

-70

-65

-85

-80

-80

-75

-65

-25
-45
-60

-95

-90

-85

-80

-75

-65

-50

-30

Temp.tt

within 30

Seconds)

Great Danger
Flesh May Freeze

-75

-75

-70

-65

-60
-65

-60

-50

-40

-20

-15

-50

-45

-30

-15

-10

Cooling Power of Wind as Expressed as ttEquival-ent Chil1

30 25
20 15
15 10
105
100
50
5-5
0-5

35

TEI.lPERATURE

10. l.Iays to sometimes tell the weather-a. Leaves of deciduous trees turning bot.tom
side up, usually happens 12-24 hours before
a storm.
b. Watch for rain, when ants start building
mounds or tiny dikes around their entrance
tunnel. A11 activity will stop at least an
hour before weather happens.
c. Still mornings with lots of dew or frost
usually means a clear day.

clothigg
Your clothing should be carefully chosen to suiE
the time of year at hand. Also you should have
spare clothing in your survival gear such as extra
socks, underwear, a pair of pants and a shirt if
possible. Always carry exEra socks if you dontt
carry anyEhing e1se. Clean, dry socks will relieve
fatigue on your feet, prevent blisters and generally raise your morale in almost any situation. You
should also try to keep your extra clothes in a
plastic bag to prevent them from getting weE.
(ttot Weather)
A hat is a must to keep direct heat and sunlight.
off the head. The hat should be a wide brim to
protect the neck also.
If any kind of hard work or extended travelling
is t.o be done keep your clothes on. At first it
may be hot, but as you begin to perspire and your
clothes get wet, they will dissipate heat away
from you longer than if you had removed your shirt
or if you v/ere wearing shorts. Cotton clothes are
best suited for hot weather because they are comfortable against the skin, plus they retain moist.ure longer, thereby making the most use of your
body fluids in the cooling process. Wash or change
your clothes often to prevent bacterial growth that
could be harmful to the body or could rot your
clothes prematurely.
Shoes and socks should be kepE as clean and dry
as possible. This will prevent blisters, athleters
-t26-

foot, etc. If in wetter than normal terrain, a

boot such as the U.S. Army tropical boot should be
used. This boot has large drains on the sides of
the boot plus has canvas uppers which dry out faster
than the normal leather boots do.
(Cota Weather)
Cold weather is a more hazardous time of the
year and more precaution should be taken concerning
the type and amount of clothing one should lrear.
Head gear should be woolen if possible and should
have provisions for covering the ears and the neck.
A11 clothing should be able to breathe but should
be as wind resistant as possible.
To get the most warmth out of your clothes, keep
them dry. If you can stand it your underwear should
be wool or 50/50 wool and cotton. It should be worn
directly next to the skin. This stimulates the skin
surface and causes the capillaries to carry more
blood which in turn helps keep you warmer. Wool
shirt and pants should be worn on top of this and
then other layers of clothing added according to
the temperature and wind present. Wool clothes will
let your body moisture escape from your body but
will hold your body heat in. Wearing your clothes
in layers will permit you to remove or add clothing
according to how much work you are doing to prevent
too much sweating which could cause hypothermia if
care is not taken.
A heavy duty poncho or some other kind of rain
gear should be carried in case of cold rain or a

wet

,
i
i
I

snow.

Boot.s should fit loose enough to get two pair of

socks on. The ones next to your feet should be
woo1. They will convey persperation away from the
skin which will help them to stay warmer. Most usually leather boots will be rvarmer than a rubber

boot wi1l, unless it is heavily insulated. This is

caused by moisture not being able to escape avray
from the skin.
-t27 -

Heavy Duty
Necessary Equipment for Survivalists:
Military Poncho and Military Field Boots
t$ks *qqll**a

-"

g$N$kxr**

_L28-

If your socks or any other clothes get hret,

wring them out and put them next Eo your skin.
This will keep them from freezing and will dry
there also.
Keep some kind of boot dressing available and
keep boots well treated. If in the field and no
commercial dressing is available, you can use animal fat rendered down or any thing that has an oily
base that will shed water.
Map and Compass Reading

A map is a reduced representation of a portion

of the surface of the earth. There are several
different kinds of maps such as: Road maps, county
maps, and topographical maps. The topographical
One
map is the most useful to the survivalist.
should buy maps that cover the area he is in and
if he plans to leave, maps covering the route to
the area he intends to go to, plus maps covering
adjacent areas around where he intends to stay.
Topographic maps are available in different
scales, the larger the fraction of the scale, the
larger and clearer the details shown on it, but the
smaller the territory covered by the same size map
sheet. A scale size of about L:24,000 is probably
a good choice to begin with. The fracEion, 1:
24,000 or L/ 241000 means that one inch on the map
equals 24,000 inches on the ground (or 2000 feet).
A topographic map will give you a description, detai1s, directions, distances, and designations of
the t.errain that the map covers.
Contour lines make up the biggest part of the
topographic map. Contour lines show the terrain of
the land by either being real close to one another
for steep areas or by spreading out for flat areas.
Contour lines measure distance in elevation, and
the distance between one contour line and Ehe one
next to it is ca11ed the contour intervat. On
most maps the contour int.erval is usually stated
on the map and is expressed in feet.

-t29-

Compas ses

The Silva Exptorer 3---

Great all-purpose

com-

pass. FeaEures liquid

fil1ed Eransparent
housing. Base has a
magnifying glass. Comes
with inch and rnillimeter
scale. Luminous point.s
for night use. Comes
with lanyard. 2 1/8" x
4".

These are the two main compasses that Lre recommend.

Compasses should be

of excellent quality

and guaranteed by manufacturer.

G.I. Lensatic Compass--Induction.damped. Durable. Has

both degree and Military scale.s.
Phosphorescent markings, st.raight
edge calibrated in meters, 1ensatic optical system;1ess than
2 degree error. Non-magnetic case
in Olive Drab. 1.95r' x 2.16" x 1.06".
!,Iith lanyard. Read up to 8 degret s t i1r.

-i30-

Compas s

st'am-Age

Oiraqt'ra.

Govtl Arra.r

Bosrddr
fr\ogretic flcedle
TOPOGMPHICAL MAP

N
\

l0
I

1.50
20 FEEI'
DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL

CONTOUR INTERVAL

- 131-

When looking at a maP the top is aLways north,

meaning that the bottom is south, the right is
east, and Lhe left is west. On the bottom of the
map you will find the scale, the contour interval,
and the declination diagram.
The declination diagram tel1s you how many degrees magnetic north is off of grid or maP north
in an easterly or westerly direction. Magnetic
north is the direction that your comPass always
points to and grid north is the map direction toward the geographic North Pole.

Orienting Your Map

To use your map in the field you must align it
with the land. To do this you musE have a comPass,
preferably one with a straight edge. Place the
compass on one of the bottom corners with the
straight edge lined up with the margin of the map.
Now turn the map (wittr compass still on it) until
the colored needle (usually red) points to N on
your compass. Now Eurn your maP however many degrees east or lrest your declination diagram calls
for and your map is oriented with the land Ehat iE
corresponds to.
Determining an Azimuth
After studying the map and providing you know
your present location on the map, the next tl'ring to
do is to decide where you want Eo go. When youtve
decided this, lift the compass and ptace the end of
the straight edge that has the direction of travet
arrow on your objective. Now place the edge of the
other end on your present location. Do this without moving the map. Now turn the compass housing
until N lines up with the north end of the compass
needle again. Do not move the baseplate. When
compass needle and N mark are aligned read the number of degrees the direction of traveL arrow is on.
This will be your bearing or azimuth. If your
azimuth was 1350, for exampler You would be going
in a south-easterly direction. To return the same

-t32-

direction that you came from simply add or subtract 1800 from your original azimuth, depending
on if you rrere going in an easterly or westerly
direction. This is called a back azimuth. The
back azimuth of a 1350 azimuth would be 1350 plus
1800, which would equal 3150, or a back azimuth of
3150 wouLd be 3150 - 18Oo = 1350.
Following an Azimuth
After determining your azimuth you must follow
it across country. First study the map to see
what type of terrain lies between you and your objective atong your azimuth. This will heLp to find
yourself on the map again if you need to later.
Now lift the compass from the map. Re-align the
magnetic needle and N mark again. Now looking down
the direction of travel arror{, find an easily distinguishable landmark that is on the same line that
the arrow is. Now walk to Ehat landmark. Keep repeating this process and you wilL arrive at your
objective. If you come to an obstacle in your path
you must find a landmark on the other side still
on your azimuth and then you must go around the obstacle then back to your landmark. Otherwise you
will have altered your course.
When studying your map you should be able to
tell whether it would be easier to go in a straight
line across country or to follow a ridge or valley
or a road. Sometimes this is usually faster and
easier and you can stitl keep track of your position on Ehe map if a different course is desired,
If you do not have a map, a compass wil-l- only
help you go in a straight line. Using the same
method of aiming at, an object and going to it, you
can travel towards distant sounds, houses, or other
landmarks.

If you donrt have a compass, you can still travel in a straight l,ine, if it is a clear day or
night. During the day you can use a sun compass.
This is a simpte way of telling which direction
north is and only takes about 10 to 15 minutes.
-133-

To find direction, mark the tip of the shadow

cast from a 3-foot stick stuck in Ehe ground. The
stick may be inclined to obtain a more convenient

shadow length. Mark tip again after ten minutes.

A straight line through the two marks is an eastwest 1ine, from which any desired direction of travel can be found by adding the other compass points
to the line. To find the time of day, proceed as
for direction, then draw a noon line at right angles Eo east-west line at any point. Move the
stick to where these lines intersect, and set it
vertically. The shadow is now an hour hand on
your t'shadow clock.rr 6am is wesE and 6pm is east.
In the example beLow the time is 9:30am.

'on^

i30ct"'

-r34-

At night time, in the northern hemisphere, the

star Polaris shows where north is. To locate Polaris, find the Big Dipper (Ursa t"tajor). The two
stars in the dipper farthest from the dipperrs
handle point to Polaris. It will be about five
times the distance, between the two poinEer stars,
away.

Polon\s
(rmth sloc)

.D
,".Q,

,,';30t"

,"ib9

Bto

,,i,oe

Dip Peo

a'?

/f/

,
F*'z
Y

- 135-

Knots
When in a survival situation, there wi1-1- always
be a need for some rope or string. To save time
and maybe your life, practice tying these basic
knots that may be needed some day.

Bowline---Used

for

making

a loop in the end of a

line or for tying onto
or around an object that
will put a lot of strain
on the rope. Unties
easily.

Clove Hitch---Used for

tying onto poles or
slippery objects. Unties

easily.

Can be secured

wirh a half-hirch.

Half-Hitch---Used after
another knot to secure
it or can be doubled to

hold an object.
hard to untie.

Somerimes

Square Knot---Used
two ends of a rope

together.

-136-

to tie

Prussik Knot---Used for rope

climbing or for providing a
loop for securing a Load by
means of a snap-link.

Butterfly Knot---Used for

shortening a rope or for
providing a loop to hook
into.

&A

Double Carrick-Bend---Used
to tie two rope ends together. This knot is the

strongest, having 7L7. ot

the ropers strength.

Double SheeE-Bend---Used
for tying two ropes of
differenE sizes together.

-137-

Rappelling
Rappelliirg is the term used to describe the act
of descending down an obstacle by the means of a
rope and a snaplink or a snaplink and a figure-8
ring. These obstacles are usually tal1 buildings
or cliffs. There are various ways of rappel-ling
such as all the different body rappells. Here, we
are only going to cover two different methods: with
a snaplink, and with a snaplink and a figure-8

ring.

Illustrated are two different ways of tying your

seat using a rope or string. Either one is good
so use the one Ehat is most comfortable for you.

hooK snoD-\inK
Gcoufia \\rese lcopes

tre ends '\r\ q

Stuose Knot

te

et &s\n o

S\uote Kno\

snop\inK
thesi3 eo?e

hooK

qaound

-138-

When snaplink is hooked into seat-rope, the

bar, or solid part of the snap-link should be on
the side that your brake-hand is going to be. The
gate, or the opening end of the snap-link should
be on bottom, pointing towards your feet. When
this is accomplished rotate snap-link 180o. Then
loop the rappelling line thru the gate t\,so times,
and rotate snapl-ink 1800 again. The gate should

be back on the bottom.

SrnpLrnk

no'pdti^g
t(oPG

I\
I

il
t1

Gde

'.t

.i-

This is the hook-up for rappelling with just the

snap-1ink.

-139-

For rappelling with the snap-link/figure-8

riB, attach the snap-link to the seat rope in the
same manner as before. Then take a bight in the
rappelling rope and pass it through the large hol-e
in the figure-eight ring. Then let the bight sett1e around the sma11 hole and the stem of the
figure-eight ring.

*rGgge\\ing

ro?e.

tiguce,- e\1ht

t\nl ----?
ste-m
bcqY.e.

\ine-

Sd"

Seot f oPes

-r

After this is done, hook snap-link into smal1

hole and rotate till gate is on the bottom.
Your rappelling rope should be a good quality
nylon rope, that is in good shape. It could be
any size from 3/8 of an inch in diameter to 7lL6
of an inch in diameter. Certain care should be
taken in the treatment of this rope:

-140-

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

Keep it cleanl never walk on your rope.

Keep it dry. If it gets wet hang it out to
where it \,rilL dry quickly.
Protect it from riding on sharp edges while
under a load. Provide a pad of some sort where
it goes over the edge of a cliff or building.
Inspect periodically for frays and either mend

by melting the fray back to the rope or if more

serious, discard the rope.
To store, coil neatly and keep it in a cool

place, out of the sunlight.

Before going over the edge you should find a

solid object to tie off to. Be extremely careful
noE to pick something that cannoE stand the strain.
If possible tie your rope off higher than the edge
you will be going over. This will help make it

less

going over the edge.

Hook rappel-ling line into snap-link as explained beforehand. Now, the end of the rope that
passes out of your snap-link and goes to the bottom is called the brake line. This should be
grasped with one hand or the other and with the
thumb and index finger side of the fist pointing
forward in the same direction as your body is faci.,9. Now hold the brake 1ine, without turning
your fist, in the small of your back. You should
also have a glove on your brake-line hand. By
pulling backward and tightening your grasp on the
brake f.ine you will stop your descent. Loosening
your grasp and the downward tension on the line
will a1low you to descend.
Before attempting to learn how to do this there
should be a man below you with a good hold on the
end of the rope (or brake line). This man is
called a belay man. By pulling downward and tightening up on the rope the belay man can stop your
descent. If you should slip or panic, the belay
man can stop you and Iet you down easy. You can
also let down unconcious people or gear in this
fashion.
cumbersome

-141-

Above: The rappelling rope in position around the

crotch and waist. ReadY to go over'
Below: The rappeller at this point is on his way
down the building. Note that his left hand is
not gripping the rope;his right hand behind him

is.

.'l

t;

.1'
,,>

The rappeller in position

half-way down the tower.

Note that his jumps out

from the building are
about three feet.

-t43-

To go over the edge you have tension on the

rappelling line (the part of the rope that is in
front of you) and back up to the edge. Loosen your
grip on the brake line and a11ow yourself to lean
backwards over the edge. Keeping your legs straight

continue Eo lean backwards until you reach about a

45o ang1e. Keep teaning backwards but start walking backwards down the face below the edge. This
will be the hardest part, and the belay man shouldbe ready in case of a slip. After a few t.imes,
this wilL become easy and you will be able to go
over Ehe edge without any problems.
After you have descended far enough to al1ow the
rappelling line to touch the protective pad on the
edge, all of your weight will be supported from directly above you. You can now jump out from the
building, loosen the tension on the brake line and
you will drop until you tighten back up on the
brake line. Do this in small amounts at first unEil you get accustomed to the feel of it.
Your rope when tied to its anchor point and hanging freely over the edge should be about a foot off
of the ground. Also you should always check for
obstructions on the face or knots in the rope before descending. Never rappell alone unless you
have to. If going down a cliff or other obstacle
always let the most experienced man go first so
that he can bglay the rest of the party.
Most ropes come in 130-150 feet lengths. This
means you can only go down 65-75 feet and stil1
get your rope back when you get to the bottom, This
is done by running your rope around the anchor
point and letting both ends hang equally down to

the bottom. This will require running both ropes

through your snap-link or figure-8 ring. And it
will only require one loop in the snap-link due to
the increased friction. This should only be done
after you are experienced at rappelling. NOTE:
Seat rope should be 7/ 16 inch in diameter nylon
rope. Also reppelling with just a snap-link builds
up heat fast and care should be taken not to melt
-L44-

through your seat

running method.

rope.

The

-t45-

g-ring is a cooler

Chapter Five:
FIRST-AID
AND

NUCLEAR SURVIVAL

-r46-

FIRST-AID

Prevention

In a survival situation, cleanliness, proper nutrition, and proper clothing will prevent much of the problems for which first-aid treatment is the remedy.
Cleanliness means bathing, if only wiping down
with a wet cloth. Important areas to keep clean are
the face, hands, underarms, crotch and feet. Soap
can be concocted by mixing ash with animal fat. It
is important to keep eating utensils clean and be
sure of Ehe purity of your water source.
Before applying first-aidr pray.
B1

is ters

If you cantt walk and you have to, you may die.
The simple blister can cause inconceivable pain, and
lead to infection. The best time to deal with a blister
is before it forms. At the first indiration of discomfort., stop and examine. Molefoam or mole skin is
crucial to your survival kit. They can be purchased
in the foot care center of your drugstore. Buy extra.

Bleeding
Attempt to

raise the wounded area above the level'

of the heart, if practical.
Apply pressure to the wound with gauze, ctean cloth
or sphagum moss.
If bleeding persisEs, try to pinch together the
edges of the wound, unless a physical obstruction bars
this (wood, bullet, etc.). If this fails to stop the
bleeding apply pressure to the pulse centers between
the wound and heart. Pressure applied below the groin
on the front inner half of the thigh will diminish
bleeding in the 1eg beyond the pressure point. Pressure on the inner half of the arm midway between elbow
and armpit, diminishes bleeding in the lower arm beyond
the pressure point. Cayenne Pepper stops bleeding al-

most immediately.

-L47-

If the above methods are unsuccessful, a tournl-quet must be applied. Tourniquets are dangerous.
They will prohibit the flow of blood beyond the poinE
of application. If teft on, they will cause gangrene
as the treated area will receive no flow of blood.
Use only in extreme cases !
Once the flow of blood is stopped, the wound should
be cleaned. A mild disinfectant should be used.
Cleaning is important.
Breathing Dif ficulties
Seconds count! First, with a quick wipe of your
finger, renove throat obstructions such as tongue,
mucous, debris or dentures. If victim is breathing
erratically, turn him on his stomach and tilt his head
to one side so blood or secretions wonrt flow into air
passages. If he is not breathing, 1ay him flat on his
back and tilt his head backward to t'sword-swallower"
position (important). Pinch nostrils shut, take a
deep breath, place your mouth over the victimts and
exhale deeply into his mouth. Watch for chest to rise,
then take your mouth away. Watch to see chest fa11
and listen for a return rush of air. If there is none,
tilt his head further and try again ti11 you get an
air exchange. Do the first 6 inflations quickly, then
decrease to 12 a minute for an adult and 20 for a
chi1d. As the victim revives, adjust your breathing
to his. If his mouth is injured, use mouth-to-nose
method by placing your hand over this mouth and following the above procedure.
Burns

The patient is first treated for pain, then shock,

then for infection and then loss of bodily fluid.
This is a potent.ial common injury if a nuclear war
were waged. It is also very difficult in severe cases
for non-specialized medical personnel to treat.
Burns heal more quickly if exposed to air but this
also increases the danger of infection. Serious burns
should have no ointment on them. They may be dressed
with CLEAN Teflon dressings. Keeping the dressings
moist will add confort and aid in healing. No gauze
for 2nd & 3rd degree burns should be left very long
on the burn---it will grow into the scab.
- 148-

intake of liquids for burn victims should

increased. Mild burns have often been treated

The
be

wi Eh honey as an unguent.
Concus

ions

Symptoms: Skull fracture or other head injuries

are accompanied by emission of vJatery blood from nose
and ears, convulsion, and eyes failing to respond to
light (pupils not dilating properly). Vomiring and
headache will usually accompany these symptoms.

Treatment: Not much can really be done. I^Iatch and

Keep victim warm and dry. Try not to 1et him
go Eo sIeep. If he does, Ery waking him up every 15
to 30 minutes. Keep victim coherent and talking if
pos s ible .

pray.

Fractures
'When medical help is not available, simple fractures should be set. Compound fractures, however,
require medical knowledge. Before splinting the

fracture, treat other injuries in the vicinity of the

break. Apply the splint only if you must move the
patient. A broken bone can cause additional damage
to skin and blood vessels if the injured area is
moved, causing the broken pieces of bone to s1ip.
After splinting or if foregoing the use of a splinE,
apply cold Eo reduce swelling.

The
broken
meta1,
limbs.
Fro

principle of the splint is to immobilize the

bone. Splints can be fashioned from pieces of
sticks, tight rol1s of clothing and even other

tbi te

Areas most susceptible to frostbite include face,

feet, hands, ears and nose. Symptoms begin with a
discoloration of the skin, to the point that the skin
has grey, waxy or chalking white spots. Blood vessels
in bitten areas usually suffer permanenE damage. To
treat, immerse frostbitten area in lukewarm vrater. Do
not rub affected area or apply kerosene or rub with
snow or ice or force off frozen shoes or mittens, nor
exercise or flex frozen areas. Could cause tissue
damage'
-,,g-

Hypothermia

This condition is the loss of body heat. It can

be caused by exposure to co1d, wind or r^rater. It does
not have Eo be betow freezing for hypothermia to set
in. Remember that water carries away heat faster
than air does. Wool clothing helps prevent hypothermia.
Symptoms of hypothermia are uncontrolled shiver-

irg,

of

drunkenness, and slurred speech.

Since seventy percent of your body heat can escape from your head, head wear in cold weather is cru-

cial.

appearance

fluids are excellent for heating the body.

hot liquids to those suffering from this
condition as they have difficulty distinguishing temperatures and may scald themselves while swallowing.
Warm

Never give

Heat-Related Medical Problems

Exhaustion---Typical signs are headaehe, dizziness,
confusion, drowsiness and weakness. Treat for shock
and replace body salt and \,iraEer.
Heat Stroke---Sudden collapse due to overheating of
the body. Head covering is a help to light-complected
individuals. Treat by immersing the body in water,
fanning bare skin or wiping the body with a wet, cold
rag, and then treating for shock. Cover with shade.
Insects and Snake Bites
Much misery can be spared by prevention. Watch where
you place hands and feet. Blouse your pants legs inside
your boots. Stroke out sleeping gear and shoes before
you get into them. Do noE make violent or threatening
motions around any insect or snake. Bees, wasps and
snakes do not r^rant to bite, neither do they want to be
scared or stepped upon.
To treat a beesting, remove the stinger with a sterilirzed needle or knifeblade tip. Disinfect, then apply
cotd t.o reduce swelling.
To remove a tick, touch it with a hot match, gasoline,
alcohol or insect repellant, as this will urge the tick
to back out. If the head has been teft in the bite, minor surgery is required to remove it. Infection can often result from improper-treated tick bites.
-150-

Mosquitoes do not like A or B complex vitamins.

Consumption of the same is an effective means of
lowering Ehe incidence or eliminating the bites of
these obnoxious pests. Sulphur tablets repel insects
also.'Snake
bite: The grestest danger of snake bite
is improper treatment. While a snake bite is likely
to make you sick, it is unlikely ir will kill you.
If cut.ting the wound open, the cuts should be no
deeper than llg to 1/4 inch deep. Doctors say the
worst things they see are deep jagged wounds from a
misguided attempt to dig out poison.

Suction out the area of the bite. The best

of this is the Cutter Snake Bite Kit which
provides all components for treatment. Do not use
a tourniquet thaE is too tight. It can cause total
loss of circulation leading to problems far worse
than the snake bite itself. Chi1l bite area if possible.

method

Shock

Symptoms: Paleness, trembling, sweating and

thirst. These symptoms are present to

i" gl! first aid situations.

some degree

TreatmenLz Lay the victum down. Unless he has

a head injury or breathing difficulty, raise his
feet above his head. If he is unconscious, keep
him on his be1ly to prevent choking. In all cases,
keep him resting, warm (but not overheated or perspiring), and sheltered, and give him warm drinks.
Spra.ins

Symptoms: Swelling and bruised area around

joint.

Treatment: Rest and elevate the sprained limb,

it immobilized. Apply wet cloths or cold
applications for the first 24 hours, then apply heat.
If wrist or ankle has to be used, be sure to splint

keeping

it first.

- 151-

Pressure Points---These are the

ofrfyZ pofnfin the body of practical use when applying pressure
t.o stop the blood f1ow. Of course
they are on both sides of the dody.
Bleeding in leg---Pressure applied
below groin on the front, inner
half of thigh diminishes bleeding
in leg beyond the pressure point.
Bleeding in lower arm---Pressure

ffi--midwaybe-

tween elbow and grmpit---diminishes

bleeding in lower arm beyond pressure point.

Blisters---If you feel a blister

?oi'ffi*6n or find you already have
one, herers what to do: Surround
the swollen area or the already
pierced and dressed bllster with
adhesive straps as shown. Make sure
that blister does not rub on boot.
If you sprain your ankle and you are
take your
shoe off if you need to wa1k. Place
banda.ge under shoe just in front of
heel. Bring bandage from instep
and acfoss the ends of the hee1.
Then cross the ends over the ankle
and loop each end through itself.
Pull the ends out and toward you to
achieve Ehe desired tension. Cross
the ends around front and tie knot.
But be careful---Do not get too
tight. Note: trf shoe is hightopped, loosen the laces to a1low
for swelling.
Mouth to Mouth Respiration---Head
tilted back so chin jutts out. Pinch
nostrils. On a baby place your
mouth over both their nose and mouth.
-152-

Pressure Banjlage---Apply pressure

at once. I'{ay have to use bare hand

&

be brought to use. Use fingers to

pinch wound together. After bleeding has been controlled, apply more
cloth and bandage snugly. Do not
remove dressing; if bleeding continues, apply more cloth and tighten

ffi

larbone Broken---Triangular
is needed. Narrow
ffi
band placed over injured arm and
around chest and tied in back.
Upper Arm---Splint should be
slightly longer than distance from
shoulder to elbow. Hold arm
against body with narrow band tied
behind back. Narrow sling tied
behind neck.

ffi

at first until effective cloth

can

bandage.
Co1

Forearm or I^Irist---Splint reaches

ffig".tip..
Be sure
thumb is up. After splint is on,
rest arm on a support and tie narrow sling behind neck. Raise arm
till hand is a couple of inches

higher than the elbow.

Tourniquet---Wrap 2" wide band twice
around 1imb. Tie halfknot. Apply
tourniquet ONLY if bleeding cannot
be stopped by some other way. Twist
stick til1 bleeding sEops. Tie
stick to limb to keep tourniquet
frOrn slipping. Loosen every 15 minutes to see if bleeding has stopped.
Limb might be savsd that way.
Thigh---Use 2 splints; one outside
from heel to armpit, oue inside from
heel to crotch. Tie 4 binders around
1eg and 3 around outside splint and
the upper body.
-153-

(Object Embedded in Flesh)

Cut awayanyclothing. Donrt touch the wound
with your fingers. Sterilize the tip of a knife
or a needle with fire before picking out the foreign
object (buIlet, wood, etc.) wittr Ehe point. Don't
pour iodine into the wound. Wash the area around
ffiff,'e
lhe wound with soap and water, taking
Let the wound
gg3g from the wound, EE toward it. ".re
dry in the air, then apply as sterile a dressing as

I^lounds

possible---but not too tight. Be careful to avoid

veins and arteries.
In the case of a sucking chest wound, the critical
matter is to close the wound. This type of wound
exposes the lungs to the outer atmosphere. Since the
vacuum principle exists in the lungs, they collapse,
halting breathing. The wound must be closed even
if it means stuffing a rag into the wound.
Childbirth & Delivery
Atways stay calm, as the mother may reflect
any nervousness on your part. Any tension or straining will work against her invotuntary muscles and
cause unnecessary pain. She should not try to hurry
the delivery along.
Let the moEher sleep as long as she can, as
it is noE good for her to lie awake and grow anxious.
If she cannot sleep, let, her waLk around until the
contractions get too intense, and then lay her down
on a firm mattress. She does not have to lie f1at,
but will probably prefer to lie in a more upright
position with something to support her back. Her
legs should be spread and bent, supported by a
pillow or rolled towe1, etc., so that her legs will
be relaxed.

-154-

The mother can help herself a great deal by

focusing her attention on controlling a slow chest
breathing, making it more rapid and shallow as the
contractions become stronger. She should resisC the
urge to push by blowing out conrinuousry tfrffiEffi
the length of the contraction. While in hard labor,
she may forget to breathe, in which case, the midwife or helper should remind her with a strongr ocouraging command to I'blow". It is important for her
to stay relaxed and al1ow her body to do the work on
its own. She should also be reminded to take in oxygen
to prevent hyperventilation. To help muscles re1ax,
apply hot towels Lo the vaginal area between contracLions until the baby's head begins to show---then discontinue using them.
Be sure that everything is as sterile as possible,
keeping the area under the mother as clean as you can.
A1so, if it is certain that there will be no help from
a doctor or hospital, you should go ahead and prepare
all of the supplies needed for the birth. In a small,
covered basin, boil either scissors or knife, and shoe
strings or crochet thread for about five minutes.
After draining the water off, keep them covered while
cooling. Keep your hands clean!
The baby's head is usually born first, after
several possible I'bobbings" with the body following
easiLy during the next contraction. Once the head is
out, do not get upset or overanxious. It should be
lightly supported with your hand, making surc there
is a sterile pad underneath to prevent. the babyt s head
from lying in the fluid. If necessary, you can begin
suctioning the mouth and nose with a syringe to
remove excess mucous. You shouLd not push or pu1I Ehe
babyrs body; rather, just support it as it forces itself
free.

Placenta
Spine

-155-

Rect.um

Lift the baby by his feet, resting his shoulders

in your other hand as a precaution against dropping
him. This is to drain some of the fluid and mucous
out of his lungs and passageways. If he still does
nof cry and start breathing, suck the fluid out of
his mouth and nose with an infant syringe if one is
available. If one is not available, use your mouth
to draw it out and open the channels. If these efforts
do not produce breathing, use artificial
respiration.
Do not bother the cord. Gently place the baby
on motherrs abdomen with his head lowered, facing
away from mother to allow fluids to continue draining.
Keep baby warm by covering with a sterile Eowel,
blanket, c1oth, etc.

not \^rorry about the cord; there is no hurry.

ALL. At this time, the baby
will receive 200 cc's of blood through the cord. After
abouE five minutes, when the pulse in the cord has stopped and the cord is blue and co1d, prepare to cut the
cord. Remember---use sterilized equipment ! ! Use
something sErong (shoestring, crochet thread, etc.)
to tie the cord about 1" from the babyrs navel, making
a strong knot, so that it doesntt slip. Then make a
second tie about 12" from the first tie, or 24,, from
the baby, and cut between the two ties.
Do

DO NOT PULL THE CORD AT

-156-

Now baby may be removed from off the motherts

abdomen. Place a sterile dressing over the cord stump,
and tie a wide piece of cloth around his st.omach to
hold Ehe dressing in place. Keep the baby warm!
The mother may push with any contractions following the birth of the baby, to help expel the placenta
(or afterbirth).
It is usually out within 5-30 minutes, and then the mother may get cleaned up. DO NOT
PULL THE CORD---the afterbireh will come out by itself!
The abdomen can be massaged aftel the placenta is expelled to help the uterus to contracL.

We remind you that these instructions are only the

very basic steps for emergency situations.
It would
be wise to check into further information, just to be
familiar with ways to handle complications.

-t57-

Preferential Treatment of Injured

In the case of a serious national or local
emergency, the pocential for injured and dying is
staggering. Terrible choices may have tobe made. The
injuries which are certain to produce a fatality should
be left unattended so that treatment may be first
administered to those to whom immediate attention
will offer a certainty of recovery. The nexE to be
Ereated will be the minor injuries.
You may think
there is nothing fair about this order. There is
nothing else to do.
A Final Note
Jesus Christ is the divine healer. Put your
mind on Him whether you are the one injured or the
one administering aid.
Healing Scriptures
"Have mercy upon me, O Lord; for I am weak; O Lord,
heal me; for my bones are vexed.t' Psalms 6:2
"Bless theLord, O my soul, and forget not all his
benefits; tlho forgiveth all thine iniquitiesl who
healeth all thy diseases." Psalms 103: 2,3
"But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was
bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our
peace was upon him; and with his sEripes r,re are

healed." Isaiah 53:5

"Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed; save me, and
I shall be saved: for thou art my praise."
Jeremiah 17:14

"But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye
shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.r'
Malachi 4:2

-158-

ttAnd Jesus went about

all Galilee, teaching in their

synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom,

and healing all manner of sickness and all manner
of disease among the peop1e." Matthew 4:23

"And Jesus went about all the cities and vi11ages,

teaching in their synagogues, and preaching Ehe gospel
of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every
disease among the people. But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them, because
they fainted, and were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd." Matthew 9:35,36
"Be1oved, I wish above all things that thou mayest
prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth.rl
III John 1:2

-1 59-

NUCLEAR SURVIVAL

If nuclear war were not survivable, this section

would not be included. The 'ron the beach" syndrome is

a lie. However it is not within the scope of this

book to discuss the reasons but a selection of detailed
sources will provide further reading.
There are five effects from a nuclear detonation
that concern us. These are blast shock wave, thermal
pulse, initial radiation, residual radiation and EMP.
Each of these factors is variable in intensity due
to blast size, point of detonation, geographical
features of the area, your distance from the blast,
weather and your amount of knowledge and preparations.
There are no set rules for nuclear survival t.hat
apply to each location as there are too many variables
and componenEs. We urge you Eo undertake fo11ow up
study on this subject to insure your safety.
Thermal Pulse
Thermal pulse is the first effect of a nuclear
detonation. It is the heat energy released in the
explosion and also the blinding light.
It is possible for this heat energy to cause fires
as far as forty miles from the point of detonation.
Whatever you po, DO NOT look towards the blast! If
nuclear war breaks
you will have enough problems
I^rithout permanent or""t,temporary blindness.
A megaton yield bomb releases its thermal pulse
over a period from five to twenty seconds. Although
seemingly but a short period, this is ample time to
reach expedienE shelter. Cover in this case could be
a ditch,'the unexposed side of a house, diving behind
a desk. Use the principle of expedient cover. If no

other option is available, hit the dirt.

Thermal pulse can create fire storms. A fire
st.orm is the result of numerous sma11 fires joining
into one. A firestorm feeds on the oxygen in the air
and in effect creates a massive blast furnace. It is
possible to die in a secure shelter if too near the
-160-

detonation as the oxygen will be removed and noxious

fumes created,

I^lithout trying to sound redundant, r^re again urge

you to flee the cities.
In Hiroshima, only three of
forty-five hospitals survived the blast and ensuing
fire storm. The survivors of a devastated city will
know the meaning of "He1l on Earth.r'
Over one hundred thousand men, women and children
died in the firestorm created by the incendiary bombing of Dresden, Germany in Ehe second World War, a

holocaus E seldom mentioned.

Since white is a heat reftectant co1or, note that

white painted houses are far less 1ike1y to burst into
flames Ehan darker colors which absorb heat. Thermal
pulse is also capable of creating forest fires, another
reason to clear land around your shetter or retreat of
brush and flamable materials.

Blast (Shock)

hlave

An awesome effect of the detonation will be the

blast wave, which is capable of crushing buildings and
hurtling huge amounts of debris before it. This debris
which will include many jagged objects such as glass
and metal shards is a real danger.
It is crucial that you do not remain standing in
the face of this wind. Seek cover. Lie prone. Conceal
yourself behind or under bulky furniture. If you were
gazing out the window when the blast wave hit, rhe
window, being blown inward, could literal ly cut you to

ribbons.

This shock wave can move faster than the speed of

sound. Within 8.5 miles of a one megaton blast, window
glass can gain sufficient force to penetraEe the body.
Initial

Radiation
According to Dr. Bruce Clayton, writing in Li fe
AfEer Doomsdav, there is no need to worry about rhl;
effect. If you are close enough to be killed by initial
radiation, thermal pulse and blast wave will get you
anyways. Very little of the bomb's radiation wi1 1be

released in this

manner.

- 161-

Residual Radiation (Fallout)

There are several things we will discuss here about
fallout. More facts will be related in the next section
on protection.
Shoutrd nuclear detonations occur in the air, far
less fallout will come down. Fallout is the name given
to pieces of dirt that are sucked up into the radioactive cloud. If a bomb is air detonated far less
particles of dirt and debris are swept into the cloud.
In a sense air detonated nuclear weapons are preferable to ground blasts, aE least to the survivors.

Shielding & Shelter

Shielding is crucial if you \.rant to be a survivor.
It is the method of protecEion from the effects of
nuclear detonations. There are three tyPes of shielding.
First, we will discuss geometric shielding. WhaE
this involves is the distance between you and the
radioactivity. To take advantage of this type of shieldirg, it is crucial to remove yourself from nearness to

target areas.

in his classic work, Better

the following list of
potenEEf targets. They include any city over 50'000
in population, missle silos, military command centers,
bases or installationsr atrY military supply depots,
military airfields, sPace centers, miliEary communication cenEers, satellites, civilian industrial centers
used for the production of military weaPonry, radar
stations, all large civilian airports where military
aircraft could 1and, naval submarine ports, ports of
nuclear armed aircrafE ships, dams, satellite ground
stationsr any geographic defensive stonghold, underground bunkers, all large major industrial plants, large
fuel storage facilities, large loading docks' Polver
plants. Neimanrs book also contains detailed maps of
high risk areas in the U.S.
Time shielding takes into account the short shelf
life of most fallout. However, it is now impossible
to pin point how much radiation will land or where it
will concentrate. Variables include blast size, wind
Author Thomas F. Neiman
Read than Dead, has provided

-t62-

direction and speed, weather conditions, number of

explosions, point of det.onation. It is crucial that
you are able to find shelLer for a safe period. In
certain places it may only require a few days before
you can venture out, even if only for a brief period.
In others it may take weeks.
To even consider venturing ouEside, it would be
necessary Eo have two things, protective clothing and
monitoring devices for radiation. A protective suit
can be fashioned from plastic bags over underclothing.
Cover shoes also. A respirator (air mask) must be
able to filter out particles and dangerous gases. If
military surplus gas masks are used, extra filters
should be purchased. I^Ihile most masks will protect
against tear gas or riot control agent.s, there are
special filrers required to stop many chemical or nerve
agents.

Density shielding is the use of materials as a

buffer or barricade between you and the radiation. In
a preplanned shelter, the best items you could use as
a buffer against radiation are steel and concrete.
Earth can also be an effective buffer. An ideal shelter
could use as much as thirty inches of earth, or twenty
inches of concrete or seven inches of steel-.
If a shelter is constructed of dense and heavy
material, it should be braced securely.
To provide air, a ventilation system rnust be
established. Long Survival ?ublications can supply plans
for an effective filtering system.
An expedient shelter can be built in the basement of a house. In the room overhead, pile furniture,
books, boxes of earth or spread the dirt directly on
t.he floor. In the basement, build a makeshift cubicle
out of furniture, boards, under a study work table, tool
table or other stable object. While this will noE be
as efficient, as a preplanned shelt,er, it could save
your life. Newspapers or canned goods will also prove
useful as shielding material. The idea is to form a
nat.ural cave--place plastic or canvas over it.
If trapped outside, away from an existing shelt.er,
as likely many shal1 be, you must either find or construct one. It will Eake some time after the explosion,
at least fifteen minuEes, before it begins to fallout.
-163-

The ideal thing to do is to find an abandoned building

and occupy. Since you have tools and a survival kit
in your trunk, if you have followed our advice, You
will not have to waste time. A crowbar would be a very
useful tool to entry a building. You should have some
sort of shovel. A hubcap from a car could work as an
improvised entrenching too1.
Dig a trench and cover with boards and dirt. Use
plastic, tarp, vinyl to cover so that rain will not
wash your dirE away. A car could also be driven over
Lhe trench, then the inside fi11ed with it and also dirt
piled around it.
In a cityr you could seek shelter in the sewer
system or flee the city in this manner. Sewers can be
tlangerous due to poison gases and vermin.
The crucial thing is that you act. You will be
far better off, if you plan and prePare beforehand.
Prep{re an inhome shelter and sEock it. If caught unawareq, act decisively. Hesitation can only result in
danger and/or death. Seek Ehe Lord and ask for his
protectlcn and guidance all the while going about your
business.
the f,ollowing four books are recommended for
follow-up r:eading on the subject of nuclear survival.
Better Read Than Dead---T.L. Nieman
Life After Doomsday---Dr. Bruce Clayton
Both available from Paladin Press, P.O. Box
1307, Boulder, Co1' 80306.
Nuclear WAr Survival---Duncan Long
Long Survival Publications, Box 163
Wamego,

Ks.

66547

Surviving Doomsday---De1ta Press, P.O, Box 777,

Mt. Ida, Ark.

-L64-

7L057

RELATIVE PROTECTION
OF VARIOUS MATERIALS
PERCENI OF OUISIDE
RADIATION AD,TAIIIED

Glass

Wood

997"+

Sheathing

662

Brick Veneer Wall

18 Inches

of

25 Inches

of Earth

-165-

50%

Concrete

L%

l%

lncrcor thickness of thclfcr

Improvising fallout protction

basement, using a workbench,

i-n a

%TJ3

PermaDent block ehelter in prime

basemont location. Possible
improvemeDta erlo notd.

mll focing cxposcd bosmcnt

mll by four incher

Plec cntmccmy

on

side or cnd rct foc ing

expo*d bosenent woll

-166-

IMPROVISED FALLOUT SHELTER

PRE-NUCLEAR WAR CHECKLIST

1)

2)

3)
4)

Flammable brush; grass, weeds, etc., moved

away from your house.
A11 tanks, tubs, bowls and containers fiLled

with water.

electricity (except any which may go to

your shelter), and water supply to house turned
off.
If weather may be freezing, all water drained

Gas,

from pipes.

s)
6)
7)

8)

If fallout shelter is in the house and time

permits, place dirt in rooms over the fallout
shelter and around foundation of the house.
Doors, windows and storage containers in the
house are sealed with tape if blast damage to
the house is not expected to be too greaE.
Door to shelter and air vents are sealed airtight if ground zero is expected to be close or
if a fire has broken out outside the shelter.
Everyone is in the shelter, seated, and away
from the walls (until after the nuclear explosions are over).
DECONTAI"IINATION PROCEDURE

Fallout will tend to collect on flat surfaces

like snow. It will be washed by
rain so that higher concentrations may be deposited in
lower stretches of ground.
1) Wash contaminated area if r^rater is available.
DeEergent will aid removal.
2) Remove top layer of earth or cover with a layer
of uncontaminated earth (half-value layer figures
for earth can be used in computations). Moving
contaminated earth from area will reduce radiation through geometric shielding.
3) Bury contaminated rugs, clothing, curtains, etc.,
in an area downhill and well away from water
and may blow and drift

4)

supply.
Laundering, vacuum cleaning, etc. rnight work along
with time to deconEaminate many items and areas
but careful checking and rechecking must be done

with radiation detection equipment.

-167 -

DECONTAI'IINATION OF EXCURSION GROUP

RE-ENTERING SHELTER

1)

2)
3)

4)

s)

6)
7)

WHEN

Brush loose dust and particles from clothing

and shoes outside Ehe shelter.
Enter outside shelEer area again, brushing off
clothes.
Remove tape around wrists and ankles, remove
coveratts, outerclothing, hat, boots and place
in waiting area; check later for contamination.
Remove dust mask, then gloves, holding breath
during the process. Leave mask and gloves in
waiting area and check later for contamination.
Wash hands in cold water. Clean fingernails
careful 1y .
Take a cold shower. Use soap or detergent on
skin.
Have someone with radiation meEer check those
ent.ering for contamination.

EMP---(Electron I'Iagnetic Pulse )

EMP would be the result of an air detonation at
high altitude. Its effect is to create a high energy
pulse that will destroy electrical equipment. This
includes such items as airplane panels, car electrical
systems, telephone systems.
The Red Pigs will no doubt throw this against us
as lre will against them seeking to destroy each oEhersl
communications networks, creating chaos and disorder at
least among the general populace.
Damage to equipment can be lessened or avoided by
simply unplugging the quipment.
EMP can cause a current of electicity
to flow on
any large metal object. EMP travels at the speed of
light and high altitude detonation over the Central U.S.
with a single large bomb could wipeout major communication networks in the entire country!

-168-

Chapter Six:

FINAL

-t69-

Opening the Prison

into the fut,ure. The

just
Communist rule or
come
under
country has
government is roundThe
new
Law.
Martial
under
patriots,
youth,
and Christians and
ing up all
placing them in prison and work camPs, accusing
them of being the red radicals of the revolution.
You or some other innocent member of your family
Letrs project a little

has come under suspicion.

To stay free you must survey your circumstances
and come up with a plan to: 1) Avoid capture; 2)
Meet your water, food and shelter requirements;
3) Decide whether you want to try to reach other
friends or hide out in the wilds til1 the worst

part of the trouble

passes.

Think seriousty before you ever decide to give

yourself up to the enemy. Jesus l{imself fled
several times when His enemies were looking for him
and He told us as His disciples, ttWhen they persecute you in one city, flee ye into another.tt
doenrt necessarily mean
you are a hero or a coward, but it can be avoided
most of the time if you will do everything you
can to evade the capture.
here are some
A" r@,
general rules to abide by:
1. Avoid well traveled roads and populated areas--past experience has shown that most evaders were
captured because they chose the easiest or the
shortest route.
2. The fact that you reach your objective is what
you should base your success on and not speed.
3. Always use the concealment afforded by night,
Remember, imprisonment

woods, or terrain.
4. Avoid seeking refuge in abandoned houses, farms,
barns, etc., as these will surely be subject to
search, especially if they think you are in the
vicinity.
5. Dontt be conspicuousl adopt the aEtire accePtable to Lhe area you are in.
_I70_

6.

7.

8.

If you are going to use a ruse, there

musE

be

one hundred percent effort on your part. You

may have the perfect disguise but one wrong look

or a too hasty step is all i.t takes to give it

all away.
Never mark your maps; if captured, this could
jeopardize the people at the LocaEions marked.
If interrogated by the police: Be polite; be silent. The less you talk the better off you will
be. Do not be drawn into conversat,ion. Whatever you say can hurt you and any companions.
Interrogators often do not care for the truth.
Your words can be twisted and used to frame you
if distorted or taken out of context. Be silent.

Plan of Action Inunediately After Capture:

1. The best time to escape is inunediately after the
capture. At this point you will usually be in
transit and not inside a securely locked, well
guarded prison.
2. Watch out at all times for any possible escape
situation, as each one may be your last! It is
much easier to jump out of a slow moving truck
or Erain than over a 20 foot prison wall.
3. You must not only plan your escape, but also
your means of evasion after escape.
Confinement

Rules to fo11ow in your personal life are:

1. Donrt feel sorry for yourself.
2. Exercise leadership by helping those weaker than
yourself, keeping morale, and improving Eheir
living conditions.
3. DonrE yield to your fears or tell them to others.

4. Keep your sense of humor.

5. If someLhing is edible, Ehen eat it.
6. Be a good example; even a vioLent prison guard
might be won by a good example.

7. If there are other Christian brothers imprisoned

with you, esEablish a strong chain of conunand
that provides leadership, discipline, and unity
of effort
-17r-

8. Health, seLf-discipLine, and Prayer should be

maintained at a high level to survive, resist
brainwashing, and to plan an escaPe.

-L72-

.)

(,)

Ait

o/ liis greal 97"pu6/i" or lAe consideralion o/

"o//aros.
sooereignly 6y ou" du/y e/ec/ed gooernmen/al ofi'cia/s /o an

/Ae eoenl o/ lAe

our signalure ond our ai//ing

"/,

su.rnrder o/ orr
inlerna/ or exlerno/ por.., ue /Ae undersigned, acling in /Ae spiril o/ orr
9"."/"tAnn ond /Aese grea/ doru^"n/s - /Ae Dnc/aralion o/ 9rJep"rdnn.n or{
lAe Consli/u/io" o/ lAese (UnileJ 8/r/nt - r"/rse ony orJ o1/ tu.A /rea/y, pacl or
declara/io"
u.rnndn..

9"

"o--i/

grd

urren{n,

,6rorng /Aa/ ue sland in lAe pre.sence ,/

9,Cor-d

Son, J"sus GArisl, do

opprroo/ /o /Ais Jocumen/.

a/migA/y ond

U ", /Ae undersignn{

g Dn"/orolion t/

s,

H
\,

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6e

Jl.

(a

ofl.-oJ in /Ae name o/ Joru, CArisl or/ in /Ae spiri/ o/ our

p.op/n o/ Zo.npAo/A-J{ore6 A C.3.g.

Zo.n/o/An.t.

Aumanism, ma/erialir-, socia/ism

on/ .o--unism. Un o".np/ /Ae princtp/e /Aa/

il is 6e//er lo s/anJ, "rJ ,/ nn.J 6. /"/1/"r /Ae cause o/ CAris/ anJ Coun/ry /Aan
/o su6mi/ /o /Ae coming a//empl o/ sa/anic anJ socia/it/i" ,o./J or{nr.

U" o"dnorlnJge /Aa/ /Aere can exisl no compromise ielaeen /Ae princtple
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