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Higher 2
(Syllabus 9740)
CONTENTS
Page
AIMS
LIST OF FORMULAE
CONTENT OUTLINE
ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE
12
MATHEMATICAL NOTATION
14
AIMS
The syllabus prepares students adequately for university courses including mathematics, physics and
engineering, where more mathematics content is required. The syllabus aims to develop mathematical
thinking and problem solving skills in students. Topics covered include Functions and Graphs, Sequences
and Series, Vectors, Complex Numbers, Calculus, Permutations, Combinations and Probability, Binomial,
Poisson and Normal Distributions, Sampling and Hypothesis Testing, and Correlation and Regression.
Students will learn to analyse, formulate and solve different types of problems. They will also learn to work
with data and perform statistical analyses.
The general aims of the syllabus are to enable students to:
acquire the necessary mathematical concepts and skills for everyday life, and for continuous learning in
mathematics and related disciplines
develop the necessary process skills for the acquisition and application of mathematical concepts and
skills
develop the mathematical thinking and problem solving skills and apply these skills to formulate and
solve problems
recognise and use connections among mathematical ideas, and between mathematics and other
disciplines
make effective use of a variety of mathematical tools (including information and communication
technology tools) in the learning and application of mathematics
develop the abilities to reason logically, to communicate mathematically, and to learn cooperatively and
independently
LIST OF FORMULAE
Candidates will be provided in the examination with a list of formulae.
CONTENT OUTLINE
Knowledge of the content of the O Level Mathematics syllabus and of some of the content of the
O Level Additional Mathematics syllabus are assumed in the syllabus below and will not be tested directly,
but it may be required indirectly in response to questions on other topics. The assumed knowledge for O
Level Additional Mathematics is appended after this section.
Topic/Sub-topics
Content
PURE MATHEMATICS
1
1.1
Include:
f 1( x ) , fg( x ) and f 2 ( x )
finding inverse functions and composite functions
conditions for the existence of inverse functions and
composite functions
domain restriction to obtain an inverse function
relationship between a function and its inverse as
reflection in the line y = x
Graphing techniques
Include:
=1
a2 b2
ax + b
y=
cx + d
ax 2 + bx + c
dx + e
characteristics of graphs such as symmetry,
intersections with the axes, turning points and
asymptotes
determining the equations of asymptotes, axes of
symmetry, and restrictions on the possible values of x
and/or y
effect of transformations on the graph of y = f(x ) as
represented by y = a f(x ) , y = f( x ) + a , y = f( x + a )
and y = f(ax ) , and combinations of these
transformations
1
relating the graphs of y = f ( x ) , y = f ( x ) , y =
f( x )
y =
Topic/Sub-topics
1.3
Content
Include:
solving inequalities of the form
2
2.1
Include:
2.2
3
3.1
f(x)
> 0 where
g( x )
use of notation
summation of series by the method of differences
convergence of a series and the sum to infinity
binomial expansion of (1 + x) n for any rational n
condition for convergence of a binomial series
proof by the method of mathematical induction
Include:
Vectors
Vectors in two and three dimensions
Include:
AB , a
position vectors and displacement vectors
magnitude of a vector
unit vectors
distance between two points
angle between a vector and the x-, y- or
z-axis
use of the ratio theorem in geometrical applications
Topic/Sub-topics
3.2
Content
Include:
3.3
Three-dimensional geometry
Include:
relationships between
two lines (coplanar or skew)
a line and a plane
two planes
three planes
4
4.1
Complex numbers
Complex numbers expressed in
cartesian form
Include:
Topic/Sub-topics
4.2
Content
Include:
arg( z a ) =
use of de Moivres theorem to find the powers and n th
roots of a complex number
Exclude:
5
5.1
arg( z a ) arg( z b ) =
properties and geometrical representation of the n th
roots of unity
use of de Moivres theorem to derive trigonometric
identities
Calculus
Differentiation
Include:
graphical interpretation of
f ( x ) > 0 , f ( x ) = 0 and f ( x ) < 0
f ( x ) > 0 and f ( x ) < 0
Exclude:
Topic/Sub-topics
5.2
Maclaurins series
Content
Include:
5.3
Integration techniques
Include:
integration of
f ( x )
f(x)
sin 2 x, cos 2 x, tan 2 x
1
2
a +x
1
2
a x
a x
integration by a given substitution
integration by parts
2
and
1
2
x a2
Definite integrals
Include:
Topic/Sub-topics
5.5
Differential equations
Content
Include:
STATISTICS
6
6.1
Include:
6.2
Probability
( n Cr )
arrangements of objects in a line or in a circle
cases involving repetition and restriction
Include:
use of:
P( A) = 1 P( A)
P( A B ) = P( A) + P(B ) P( A B )
P( A B ) =
7
7.1
P( A B )
P(B )
Include:
Topic/Sub-topics
7.2
Normal distribution
Content
Include:
concept of a normal distribution and its mean and
variance; use of N( , 2 ) as a probability model
Exclude:
8.1
Sampling
Include:
8.2
Hypothesis testing
Include:
use of t-test
Exclude testing the difference between two population
means
10
Topic/Sub-topics
9
9.1
Content
Include:
derivation of formulae
hypothesis tests
11
ASSUMED KNOWLEDGE
Content from O Level Additional Mathematics
A
ALGEBRA
Polynomials
multiplication and division of polynomials
use of remainder and factor theorems
laws of logarithms
equivalence of y = a x and x = loga y
Partial fractions
Include cases where the denominator is of the form
(ax + b )(cx + d )
(ax + b )(cx + d )2
(ax + b )( x 2 + c 2 )
12
y 2 = kx
coordinate geometry of the circle with the equation in the form
2
( x a ) 2 + ( y b ) 2 = r 2 or x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Trigonometry
six trigonometric functions, and principal values of the inverses of sine, cosine and tangent
trigonometric equations and identities (see List of Formulae)
expression of a cos + b sin in the forms R sin( ) and R cos( )
CALCULUS
13
MATHEMATICAL NOTATION
The list which follows summarises the notation used in Cambridges Mathematics examinations. Although
primarily directed towards A Level, the list also applies, where relevant, to examinations at all other levels.
1. Set Notation
is an element of
is not an element of
{x 1 , x 2 , }
{x: }
n(A)
universal set
+
0
+
0
`=
is a subset of
is a proper subset of
is not a subset of
union
intersection
[a, b]
[a, b)
the interval { x :
a x < b}
(a, b]
the interval { x :
a < x b}
(a, b)
a < x < b}
14
2. Miscellaneous Symbols
=
is equal to
is not equal to
is identical to or is congruent to
is approximately equal to
is proportional to
<
is less than
Y;
>
is greater than
[;
infinity
3. Operations
a+b
a plus b
ab
a minus b
a b, ab, a.b
a multiplied by b
a b,
a:b
a
b
, a/b
a divided by b
the ratio of a to b
a
i =1
a
a
a 1 + a 2 + ... + a n
the positive square root of the real number a
the modulus of the real number a
n!
n
r
n!
, for n , r + U {0}, 0 Y r Y n
r! (n r )!
n(n 1)...(n r + 1)
, for n , r + U {0}
r!
15
4. Functions
function f
f(x)
f: A B
f: x y
f 1
g o f, gf
lim f(x)
x ; x
an increment of x
x a
dy
dx
dn y
dx n
ydx
ydx
x& , &x& ,
e , exp x
log a x
exponential function of x
ln x
natural logarithm of x
lg x
logarithm of x to base 10
16
7. Complex Numbers
square root of 1
a complex number ,
z = x + iy
= r(cos + i sin ), r 0
+
= re i , r 0
Re z
Im z
z
arg z
z*
8. Matrices
a matrix M
M 1
M
det M
9. Vectors
the vector a
AB
the vector represented in magnitude and direction by the directed line segment AB
i, j, k
a
AB
a.b
aPb
A, B, C, etc.
AB
events
AB
P(A)
A'
P(A | B)
X, Y, R, etc .
random variables
x, y, r, etc .
x1 , x 2 ,
f1 , f 2 ,
observations
frequencies with which the observations,
17
x 1 , x 2 occur
p(x)
p1 , p 2
the value of the probability function P(X = x) of the discrete random variable X
probabilities of the values
f(x), g(x)
the value of the probability density function of the continuous random variable X
F(x), G(x)
E(X)
E[g(X)]
expectation of g(X)
Var(X)
B(n, p)
Po()
N(, 2 )
population mean
population variance
x
s2
sample mean
unbiased estimate of population variance from a sample ,
s2 =
1
(x x )2
n 1
N (0, 1)
18