MWMT Year 3 Problems

The problems from the third run of MSTangs Weekly Math Tournament!

Problem I.1

I.1. (4 points) Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle. Sides AD and BC

are extended to meet at point P, and the bisector of AP B intersects segment
CD at X. If AD = 8DP, BC = 3CP, DC = 18, and DX = m/n for relatively
prime positive integers m, n, find m + n.

Problem I.2

I.2. (6 points) How many pairs of positive integers m, n are there so that (1)
m, n 100, (2) m and n are both composite numbers, (3) mn/(m + 3) is a
prime number?

Problem I.3

I.3. (13 points) Let

S=

2015
X
k=0


2015
.
k

Find the remainder when S is divided by 1000.

Problem II.1

II.1. (4 points) Given a square ABCD with side length 3, let point X lie on
diagonal AC. Points P and Q lie on sides BC and CD respectively, such that
AXP = AXQ = 120 . Suppose that segments AX, P X, and QX trisect
the area of the square (that is, the three regions formed by those segments have

equal area). Then P Q2 can be expressed in the form a b c, where a, b, c are

positive integers and c is not divisible by the square of any prime. Compute
a + b + c.

Problem II.2

II.2. (8 points) Call a real number a realistic if, for all real numbers t, the
polynomial x3 + (a + t)x2 + (a t)x (2a + 1) has all real roots for x. The
m
largest possible realistic number a can be expressed as for relatively prime
n
positive integers m, n. Find m + n.

Problem II.3

II.3. (14 points) A particle starts at 0 on the number line. Each second, it
moves three units in the negative direction with probability 16 , one unit in the
negative direction with probability 21 , and three units in the positive direction
with probability 31 . After 100 seconds, let d be the distance between the particle
and the point 1. Compute the expected value of d2 .

Prob III.1

III.1. (3 points) Suppose that the quadratic x2 nx + 1729 has two roots, one
of which is the square of the other. Compute n, the greatest integer less than
or equal to n.

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MWMT Year 3 Problems

Prob III.2

III.2. (9 points) Let S be the set of all positive rational numbers r, so that
when r is written as a simplest-terms fraction a/b, we have b < 50. The sum of
all r S so that r(1 r) = x2 for some rational number x can be expressed in
the form m/n, for relatively prime positive integers m, n. Compute m + n.

Prob III.3

III.3. (14 points) Let H and O be the orthocenter and circumcenter of ABC,
respectively. Supoose that quadrilateral BHOC is cyclic. Let D be the point
closest to A on the circumcircle of quadrilateral BHOC that satisfies AD
OH. Furthermore, let the line through D parallel to AH intersect BC at E.
Given that AB = 10 and AC = 16, find DE 2 .

Problem IV.1

IV.1. (3 pts) The kingdom of MWMTown consists of ten cities arranged at the
vertices of a regular decagon, with roads between cities on adjacent vertices.
During a war, Nathan the evil wizard destroys three randomly chosen roads.
We say that a city was isolated if both roads connected to it were destroyed.
The probability that at least one city was isolated by Nathan the evil wizard is
m
n , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. Compute m + n.

Problem IV.2

IV.2. (8 pts) The sequence {ak }nk=1 satisfies a1 =




1 

ak+1 = 1  .
ak

201
5 ,

and for k = 1, 2, . . . , n1,

Given that a1 , a2 , . . . , an1 6= 0 and an = 0, if the product a1 a2 . . . an1 =

for relatively prime positive integers x, y, find x + y.

x
y

Problem IV.3

IV.3. (12 pts) Find the area of the set S of points (x, y) in the coordinate plane
that satisfy

jyk 
1
x+
= 36.
x
2

Problem V.I

V.1. (5 pts) In triangle ABC, BAC = 120 , AB = 5, and AC = 12. Let point
D lie on segment BC so that AD bisects BAC. If AD = m/n for relatively
prime positive integers m, n, then find m + n.

Problem V.2

V.2. (8 pts) Let a and b be randomly and independently chosen integers between
1 and 9, inclusive. The probability that the function f (x) = sin(ax) + cos(bx)
has a maximum value of 2 is m/n, for relatively prime positive integers m and
n. Compute m + n.

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MWMT Year 3 Problems

Problem V.3

V.3. (11 pts) Let N be the number of positive integers n in decimal representation with at least two digits, so that no digit of n is zero, and every pair
of consecutive digits of n is in strictly increasing order (from left to right),
except for at most one pair (whose digits could be equal). Note in particular that all two-digit numbers with nonzero digits are possible values of n.
Compute the remainder when N is divided by 1000.

Brownie \#1

(V.V).1. (3 brownie pts) Notice that the point values for Week 5, (5, 8, 11),
form an arithmetic progression. Under the current rules for the tournament
(problems are 1-15 points; there are three problems, one 1-5 pointer, one 6-10
pointer, and one 11-15 pointer), how many possible point value triplets form
an arithmetic sequence?
(Proposed by MSTang.)

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Contributors: MSTang, mssmath, DrMath, FlakeLCR