Running Head: ASSIGNMENT

Tourism Management
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of the Institution]

Tourism Management

Background
Today, the economic importance of tourism cannot be ignored as more than before;
nations have become increasingly more involved in most tourism activities. Government invests
huge capital for development and it has also been identified as a tool for rural emancipation from
poverty, sickness and lack of ignorance. In view of these, the economic importance of tourism on
development of a nation cannot be overemphasized and its benefits to individual and societal
growth are numerous. These could also take the form of environmental, social, political and
economic benefits. Tourism can also be regarded as an industry which provides services to
people and these include transportation services such as airline, cruise ship and taxis, hospitality

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services such as hotel, resort and entertainment such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping
malls, music and theatre (Shaw et.al, 2011, pp.207).
In the context of the tourism sector in general, hospitality which is a major component
has a place in its own right. It therefore can be referred to as the reception and entertainment of
visitor or stranger liberally and with goodwill. It is a several billion industry which depends on
the availability of leisure, time and disposable income and consist of units such an
accommodation, catering and even restaurant (Waligo et.al, 2013, pp.342). Accommodation
connotes lodging or shelter while away from home for travel that involves overnight stay. It is
very important because the quality of accommodation in a tourist destination will imitate and
effect the choice of visitor to a place and this is why accommodation is inseparable from tourism.
It is in fact the essential component of tourism with the primary purpose of meeting tourist need
for security and comfort. Some accommodations are provided in units which are designed
specifically for the purpose of serving the needs of tourism and whose primary role is the
provision of lodging and catering services. These units include hotels, guesthouses, holiday inn
and so on (Coghlan, 2012, pp.767).
Inns are the most noteworthy and obvious sub-segment within the hospitality industry
providing the greatest total employment rate in global terms and account for the highest level of
receipt of a country earnings. It is a foundation that gives paid hotel offices and in addition
nourishment and drink administration to visitors normally on fleeting premise (Deery et.al, 2012,
pp.64). The procurement of essential convenience in times past, comprise just of a room with a
bed, an organizer, little table and a washstand which has been supplanted by rooms with present
day offices, including en-suite bathrooms and ventilating or atmosphere control. Extra normal
elements found in inn rooms are a phone, a wake up timer, a TV set, Internet network, nibble
nourishments and beverages which may be supplied in a smaller than usual bar, and offices for

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making hot beverages. Bigger inns likewise give various extra visitor offices, for example,
eatery, swimming pool, gathering and social capacity administrations (Kozak et.al, 2012,
pp.188).
Literature Review
In research term, tourism is a subject of numerous different train additionally the subject
of multi-disciplinary and between disciplinary researches. There have been definitional issues in
connection to tourism and these thusly have prompted measured challenges as diverse creators
have taken distinctive methodologies in proposing definitions. Travel and tourism does not as a
matter of course include voyaging abroad however tourism happens inside of individuals' nation
of origin, on visits to attractions, city breaks, excursions to conferences, sports occasions or
shows, and visits to companions and relatives. Tourism is a solitary industry, as well as an
accumulation of administration base exercises spread over a wide number of commercial
ventures. It gives uncommon chances to showcase national society, untamed life and one of a
kind characteristic elements (Lee, 2013, pp.37).
Tourism implies the matter of giving data, transportation, convenience and different
administrations to voyagers. Researchers further characterized tourism as an action that happens
when individuals move to some other spot for relaxation or for business and stay for no less than
24 hours (Camison et.al, 2012, pp.776). Correspondingly, characterizes tourism as exercises
including venturing out starting with one place then onto the next, for amusement, touring or for
all other individual achievements. Tourism is everything and anything that has the characteristic
limit or potential that stir individuals' advantage and move individuals, from spot to put. Tourism
can be alluded to as "all travel that outcomes in one or more evenings being spent far from home.
Tourism is the exercises of persons setting out to and staying in spots outside their surroundings

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for not more than one successive year for recreation, business and other reason (Kim et.al, 2013,
pp.527).
Tourism is a multidimensional, multifaceted activity which touches many lives and
different economic activities. It means different things to different people based on the fact that
some see it as an activity while others regard it as an industry. Tourism is an aggregate of all
businesses that facilitate pleasure and leisure activities away from home environment.
Researchers also said that tourism can be regarded as an industry with a homogeneous product,
that is, a composite industry beginning with primary inputs, which can further be transformed
into immediate inputs, with a final consumption by the tourists and a final output which in most
cases is the experience. Tourism can also be seen as a concept which has been given new
meaning and it is primarily a term in Economics referring to an industry (Liu et.al, 2012,
pp.413).
The hospitality industry is among the quickest developing divisions of the economy
furthermore one of the most established organizations ever. The industry has extended to
incorporate ranges, for example, tourism and meeting and tradition arranging, additionally the
substance of the workforce in considerable positions has extended to incorporate all races and
hues. The development in the hospitality industry requests exceedingly qualified individuals
prepared in hospitality administration to fill quickly opening positions. In spite of the fact that
African Americans have had an abundance of involvement in hospitality yet it has not generally
been sure (Schwartz et.al, 2012, pp.500).
The present hospitality industry is remarkably sound and suitable and thus offers open
doors for African Americans in each of the sections; eatery administration, lodging
administration, recreational administration, travel and tourism, meeting and tradition arranging
and institutional administration. This some portion of hospitality industry is developing at an
emotional rate in light of the fact that more individuals are expending dinners out of their homes

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however the industry is significantly more than just sustenance and administration. In spite of the
fact that serving awesome nourishment and conveying extraordinary administration is imperative
however sustenance administration is more about making an excellent eating knowledge for the
visitor: incredible sustenance, their discussion and giggling and the clanging of dishes and
flatware (Shaw et.al, 2011, pp.207).
Lately, the term hospitality has turned out to be progressively prominent and translated in
various ways whether it is business or mechanical and open administrations. Hospitality may be
said to have qualities which must have a relationship between people who play the parts of host
or visitor however this relationship may be business or private (social). The keys to fruitful
hospitality in both the business and private administration incorporate learning of what might
bring out joy in the visitor and as a procedure that incorporates entry giving solace and
satisfaction of visitor's wishes, and takeoff. Tourism commercial enterprises are not same as the
other industry on the grounds that it gives the administrations to the client other than a
percentage of alternate businesses which give the substantial item. Therefore, hospitality and
tourism can't be isolated on the grounds that it is the key accomplishment to the tourism industry
(Waligo et.al, 2013, pp.342).
The significance of hospitality is to empower the reiteration of visitor or client as in the
tourism industry, individuals are not simply taking a gander at the offices or cost offered
additionally taking a gander at the administrations gave. In the event that they are fulfilled by
their past experience utilizing the administration, they may return again to elevate the
administrations to others (Coghlan, 2012, pp.767).
The hospitality industry alone is a multi-billion dollar and developing venture. It is
sufficiently assorted for individuals to work in diverse zones of interest and still be utilized inside
of the hospitality industry. It can be exactly partitioned into two sections: diversion zones like
clubs and bars, and settlement. Convenience takes the type of open houses, resorts, motel,

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campgrounds, hotels, lodgings, adjusted condo, and motels. The clubs and bars classification
incorporate eateries, quick nourishments, and dance club (Deery et.al, 2012, pp.64).
In specialized term, there has been a need to particular tourism from different types of go
for statistical purposes as tourism can be considered a movement which comprises of a base and
greatest length of sit tight. The tourism industry comprises of 3 essential component which
incorporate the tourist themselves, the geological component (travelers creating district and
tourist course area) and the tourism industry of which incorporate those business and association
include in the conveyance of tourism item. The tourism industry as one which comprises of those
organizations, association and offices expected to serve the particular needs and needs of tourist
(Kozak et.al, 2012, pp.188).
Correspondingly, the tourism industry exists as a wide system of business and nonbusiness association connected together by the normal targets of overhauling the needs of
travelers and tourists. According to the US Senate Committee in Commerce, Science &
Transportation, tourism can be seen as both an industry and a response to a social need where the
amalgamation of business, organization, labor and government agencies combine to produce
goods and services to create the tourism consumers experiences (Lee, 2013, pp.37).
Analyzing Methods
Hotel development needs to be systematically planned and carefully managed to control
its negative impacts. This coupled with the fact that development of hotel in any area is
inevitable. For the beneficial effects, the researcher after careful consideration of the problems of
development as regards tourist inflow, recommended the following practice to be put in place:
For improved development in New York hotels, the management should organize seminars,
workshops and other programs to educate its staff on the benefits of tourism activities (Camison
et.al, 2012, pp.776). Although the problem of insecurity and safety issues is not a recent
phenomenon in the hotel, but tourism activities such as culture devaluation, commoditization and

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prostitution in some ways, contribute to this problem. The increase in crime rate can lead to
reduction in the inflow of tourists, and gradually make hotel less attractive to visitors. The hotel
should attempt to introduce more strict security measures especially during peak seasons (that is,
festive periods) so as to secure tourists and the safety of their properties (Kim et.al, 2013,
pp.527).
To enhance growth and proper coordination through planning, a documented guideline
consisting of code and conducts, norms and regulations should be given to the tourists, especially
foreign tourists, this is necessary to sustain the good image of the hotel. There is thus a
requirement for hotels that are at the heart of the tourism industry to be more aware of natural
issues and to consider the earth of their convenience decision (Liu et.al, 2012, pp.413). Without
cutting on visitor' solace, numerous endeavors has been made by the hotel administration
industry through the utilization of best accessible practices and mechanical developments which
will give a decent premise to incorporated ecological administration frameworks. Since the hotel
industry is at the heart of visitor action, it is critical to assess and evaluate its ecological effect.
For instance, focused on and effective water administration in hotels fundamentally lessens the
harm to nature while at the same time and significantly decreasing expenses (Schwartz et.al,
2012, pp.500).
Research Methodology
The tourism industry is relatively a new field of study, thus, research study in tourism can
be classified as a descriptive research. This methodology deals with the procedure and method
utilized in carrying out the study on economic impact of tourism on hotel development (Lee,
2013, pp.37). The chapter has been sectionalized into the following:

Data required
Procedures for data collection
Methods of data analysis
Research hypotheses

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Data Required
In achieving the proposed aim through the outlined objectives of this study, the data
which will be used in the study will be acquired from both primary and secondary sources.
Primary Source
This refers to data gathered by the researcher which began with a reconnaissance survey
to make the researcher familiar with the study area. For the purpose of this study, the primary
data will be obtained through questionnaire distribution as the main data collection instrument,
oral interview, and field observation while taking note of cogent points (Deery et.al, 2012,
pp.64). In all, a total of 50 questionnaires were distributed and this constituted the main
instrument for data collection. The questionnaires distributed are as follows: 100 to visitors/guest
visiting the hotel. Out of 100 copies distributed to the guest, 94 copies were retrieved with the
assistance of the staff of the hotel.
The questionnaire distributed to the visitors contained 18 questions in all, to address
issues relating to the respondents bio-data, personal information and responses to situation. The
respondents were all guest to the hotel both foreigners and locals, relating to their views on the
impact of tourism on the development of hotels.

Secondary Source
The secondary source of data refers to data obtained through extractions from tourism
literature, Economics and development related literature such as textbooks, encyclopedia,
journals, long essays/ thesis, magazines, Wikipedia other form of publications.
Procedures for Data Collection
In line with the aim and objectives of this research work, the study area was specifically
surveyed, with the assistance of the public relations manager of the hotel.

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The exercise was accomplished within the space of one week, but the researcher had to
go to the study area on some occasions to carry out personal observation.100 questionnaires were
distributed among the visitors of the hotel. In all, 94 out of the 100 questionnaire administered
were retrieved.
Sampling Technique
Stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the administration of the
questionnaire within the study area to ensure that each element in the sample population has an
equal chance in the survey (Camison et.al, 2012, pp.776).
Instrument for Data Collection
The questionnaire on economic impact of tourism on hotel development was designed in
order to help achieve its aim and objective (Liu et.al, 2012, pp.413). The questionnaire was
divided into two parts.
The first part focused its findings on the guests perception on economic impact of
tourism as regards the hotel industry. The second part focused its findings on the management of
the hotel indicating the economic benefit derived from tourism. Another important instrument
used in this research work is the oral interview method of data collection, which complemented
the various responses gathered from the questionnaire.
Major Questions
SECTION A
1.
2.
3.
4.

Gender: (a) Male (b) Female

Age: (a) 20-30yrs (b) 31-40yrs (c) 41-50yrs (d) 50yrs and above
Marital status: (a) Single (b) Married (c) Separated (d) Widowed
Educational background: (a) HND/BSC (b) Professional certificate (IATA, ICAN, ACA)

(c) OND, NCE, TRG11 (d) Postgraduate (M.sc/PhD) (e) others; please specify
5. Employment status: (a) self-employed (b) part time employed (c) fully employed (d)
employer (e) unemployed
6. Nationality: Foreigner

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7. Income: (a) 10,000-100,000 (b) 100,000-200,000 (c) 200,000-300,000 (d) 300,000400,000 (e) 400,000 and above
SECTION B
1. Do you visit New York hotels always? (A) Yes (b) No
2. What is your purpose of visit to New York Hotels? a) Business (b) Special occasion (c)
Meetings/conferences (d) Others, please specify
3. How often do you visit New York hotels? a) Weekly (b) monthly (c) annually (d) only
during special occasion
4. Do you think the facilities in New York hotels support your purpose of being here? a) Yes
b) no
5. How can you rate the level of services to New York hotels? a) High (b) Very high (c) Low
(d) Very low
6. Do you think tourism has in any way contributed to the development of New York
Hotels? a) Yes (b) No
7. If yes, please indicate the ways of contribution
8. Please suggest area of improvement towards the development of New York hotel
industry.
9. With the influx of tourist/guest, do you think tourism has a negative effect on the
development of New York hotels? a) Yes (b) No
10. If yes, please state the problem being faced in New York hotels.
11. Please suggest ways on how these problems can be solved to enhance the growth and
sustenance of the industry.

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End Notes

Camison, Csar, and Vicente M. Monfort-Mir. "Measuring innovation in tourism from the
Schumpeterian and the dynamic-capabilities perspectives." Tourism Management 33.4
(2012): 776-789.
Coghlan, Alexandra. "Facilitating reef tourism management through an innovative importanceperformance analysis method." Tourism Management33.4 (2012): 767-775.
Deery, Margaret, Leo Jago, and Liz Fredline. "Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A
new research agenda." Tourism Management 33.1 (2012): 64-73.
Kim, Kyungmi, Muzaffer Uysal, and M. Joseph Sirgy. "How does tourism in a community
impact the quality of life of community residents?." Tourism Management 36 (2013):
527-540.
Kozak, Metin, and Drew Martin. "Tourism life cycle and sustainability analysis: Profit-focused
strategies for mature destinations." Tourism Management 33.1 (2012): 188-194.
Lee, Sang-Hyun, et al. "Evaluating spatial centrality for integrated tourism management in rural
areas using GIS and network analysis." Tourism Management 34 (2013): 14-24.
Lee, Tsung Hung. "Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism
development." Tourism Management 34 (2013): 37-46.
Liu, Chui-Hua, Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng, and Ming-Huei Lee. "Improving tourism policy
implementationThe use of hybrid MCDM models." Tourism Management 33.2 (2012):
413-426.
Page, Stephen J. Tourism management. Routledge, 2014.
Schwartz, Zvi, William Stewart, and Erik A. Backlund. "Visitation at capacity-constrained
tourism destinations: Exploring revenue management at a national park." Tourism
Management 33.3 (2012): 500-508.
Shaw, Gareth, Adrian Bailey, and Allan Williams. "Aspects of service-dominant logic and its
implications for tourism management: Examples from the hotel industry." Tourism
Management 32.2 (2011): 207-214.

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Waligo, Victoria M., Jackie Clarke, and Rebecca Hawkins. "Implementing sustainable tourism: A
multi-stakeholder involvement management framework."Tourism Management 36
(2013): 342-353.