THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(A Government Aided ISO 9001-22008 Certified Autonomous Institution Affiliated To Anna

University)
MADURAI-15 , TAMILNADU.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT
SUBJECT: ENGINEERING DESIGN
THEME: SMART CITY
TOPIC: Smart Bus

By
C. Kamesh Subramanian
K.Karthik
M.Balasubramanian

CONTENTS:
Introduction
Features
Automated Vehicle Location System (AVL)
Smart Card System
Safety and Security
Constrains
Literature Survey
References

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
In order to make Madurai a

smart city, its required to bring new technologies to the

transport system. One such idea is the smart bus system.
Although this project can be completed only in long run,
the necessity of the project has risen. We use public
transport system mainly in our daily life, from going to
college/work in morning to returning home in the night.
So we thought why not changes the public road transport
system into a standard one as in many foreign cities like
Edmonton Wisconsin and London
SMART BUS:
A smart bus is a bus equipped with a combination of
modern electronics that allows the bus to send, receive and
broadcast digital information. In addition of enhanced
information and communication technology, information can
be provided to customers in real-time.

FEATURES:
Automated Vehicle Location System (AVL)
Smart Card Technology
Safety and Security
Automated Stop Announcements (ASA)

Automated Vehicle Location System (AVL):

Instead of referring to GPSenabled location information, we can use more generally
available and energy efficient sensing resources, including cell
tower signals, movement statuses, audio recordings, etc.,
This prototype system has been tested with
different types of Android-based mobile phones and
comprehensively experiment with the NTU campus shuttle
buses as well as Singapore public buses over a 7-week period.

The evaluation results suggest that the

proposed system achieves outstanding prediction accuracy
compared with those bus operator initiated and GPS supported
solutions. At the same time, the proposed solution is more
generally available and energy friendly.

Block diagram:

HARDWARE USED:
1. ZigBee module.
2. Computer with rs232.
3. Power supply.
4. GPS module.
5. PIC16F877A.
6. RFID reader.

In this project PIC16F877A microcontroller is used for

interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design
is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a
moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand.
For doing so a PIC16F877A microcontroller is interfaced serially
to a ZigBee Modem and GPS Receiver. A ZigBee modem is used
to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle
from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously give
the data i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position
of the vehicle. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the
output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and
displayed on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at
the other end from where the position of the vehicle is
demanded. An EEPROM is used to store the mobile number.
The hardware interfaces to microcontroller are
LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. The design uses
RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the
modems and the microcontroller.
A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL
voltage 12 levels to RS-232 voltage levels. When the request by
user is sent to the number at the modem, the system
automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the
position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude.

Smart Card System:

Cashless Travel on Public Transport Cashless
travel in India is still limited to Metro System and Organized
Taxi Service. Cashless travel on public transport is popular in
developed countries and gaining some momentum in
developing countries. Cashless transaction not only provides
easy method to collect revenue but also produces large
quantities of data for better planning and monitoring. In India,
Metro Systems and Taxi Companies are using these options
more for better accountability and smoother transaction.
Sadly, the bus-based
public transport system still lags behind in this area, which is
available in more cities and carries more passengers. Most of
STUs are still using paper tickets for fare collection and
following conventional system. There is a need to modernize
fare collection mechanism to accommodate cashless travel.

Smart Card for Transport E-Ticketing

Magnetic Stripe Card. Transport e-ticketing is expanded after
the use of smart cards technology. There are two categories of
smart cards that can be used for public transport e-ticketing:
A single purpose transit pass An electronic purse (epurse)
card Mainly use for public transport system and information
are stored in a microchip and transmits data using radio
frequency identification (RFID)
Chances of implementation in MADURAI:
About The city

Public Transport
Fare Collection

Area: 242.977sqkm
Population: 1.5 crores
Vehicles:33 million
Metro: None
Buses:4500
Handheld Fare Collection
Ticket Issuing System

The citys methods of collecting bus fares are outdated. Thanks

to the implementation of adhaar card we can use that
information and give smart cards to the people. This project is
very useful is completely feasible. Big cities like Delhi Mumbai
Bangalore have successfully implemented smart card system
for metro trains and sub urban trains.

Safety and Security:

Red Emergency Buttons are located on the buses adjacent

to the accessible door button. These buttons are
accessible to patrons using wheelchairs or other mobility
aids and fulfill the same function as the yellow touch strips
and red alarm handles.
Transit Peace Officers are highly trained, skilled
professionals. They are on patrol, in uniform, throughout
our system 24/7/365, actively promoting order
maintenance and disorder prevention.
Closed Circuit Televisions (surveillance cameras) are
installed in all terminals, major transit centers, and some
city pedways. Security personnel continuously monitor the
cameras to help ensure the safety and security of the
customers.

Constrains
The first important thing is population. With rising
population it is difficult to implement this project
immediately.
The cost of implementing this project is also high.
Naturally this may lead to increase in bus fares. The cost of
a bus with these features will come around 20 million that
is more than twice the cost of present day bus. This may
lead to increase in fares.
While using smart cards there is a possibility of identity
theft and it can get lost easily.

Conclusion:
The Smart Bus solution can be viewed as
mature or proven technology. Similar technology has been in
use in several centers for five or more years. For Example
Edmonton Transits Disabled Adult Transit Service (DATS) began
using this technology in 2005. DATS has improved its efficiency
and effectiveness using MDTs, automated scheduling and
computer-aided dispatch. So smart bus system is an important
technology for transforming our MADURAI city into a smart
one.

Literature Survey
http://www.kpit.com/engineering/automotive/smartcities
http://www.buses.tatamotors.com/products/City-Bus/lpo-1624-bs4-non-ac.aspx
http://www.torontosun.com/2012/09/04/smart-bus-program-tops-35-millionfor-edmonton-city-council-learns
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_transport_in_Singapore
http://www.ezlink.com.sg.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_bus
http://www.t.gov.uk/
http://madurai.nic.in/profile.html
https://docs.zoho.com/sheet/published.do?rid=mr77803337ba8f40a426e805252
6ede9e449b&mode=html
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 9, September 2013 www.ijsr.net Vehicle Tracking System Using
GPS
"ETS Statistics". City of Edmonton. Retrieved November 15, 2012.