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In order to calculate the number of heat exchangers and utilities required in this
distillation column design, the following parameters were required (as shown in
the table below):
molar heat flow capacities of each stream, starting
temperature of each stream, target temperature of each stream, change in
temperature and absolute values of heat required by the system.
CP was obtained, as mentioned previously using the equation
CP=mC
p
where
is the molar flow rate of the specific stream. The starting and target
temperatures of the six streams are the initial temperatures which are then
required to be heated or cooled to their respective temperatures, which also
determines whether or not a stream is hot or cool. Streams 1o and 1b
denoted this way to represent 1 octane and 1 benzene are the cool streams in
this case and the remaining streams are therefore hot. Delta T is calculated by
subtracting the starting temperatures from the target temperatures. However,
the Ts value for both of the cold streams is the cold pinch temperatures
previously calculated.
The first step in approaching this task is to identify the criteria in place for above
the pinch, which is given as:
CP h CP c
This denotes that the hot pinch molar flow heat capacity must be greater than or
equal to the molar flow heat capacity of the cold pinch.
Stream
1b
9b
6b
1o
9o
6o
CP
[kW/C]
5.3520152
79
3.1566322
25
2.1615117
66
7.8034643
88
3.5858662
74
4.1618423
17
maximum heat transfer was the pairing that was eventually chosen. The Q value
for each stream in a pairing was compared against one another and the smallest
absolute value from the two was the amount of heat transferred across.
Stream
1b
9b
6b
1o
9o
6o
Q [kW]
38.53451001
0
-69.1683765
-542.340775
279.1596894
207.0100368
Qlargest
[kW]
0
38.534510
01
38.534510
01
38.534510
01
0
69.168376
5
279.15968
94
207.01003
68
Stream
1b
9b
6b
1o
9o
6o
Q (abs)
[kW]
38.53451
001
0
69.16837
65
542.3407
75
279.1596
894
207.0100
368
HEX1 [kW]
38.53451001
0
69.1683765
263.1810856
0
207.0100368
Figure ??: absolute values of heat transferred and energy needed by the first
heat exchanger
For the second heat exchanger, the pairings are then reviewed once again to
obtain the next highest value for heat transferred. In this case, it is streams 6
octane and 1 octane, where the amount of heat transferred is 207 kW. A new
column labelled HEX2 was then created where all the streams once again
remained the same apart from 1 octane and 6 octane for which the HEX1 values
were subtracted from the Q absolute values as shown in the table below.
Stream
1b
9b
6b
1o
9o
6o
Q (abs)
[kW]
38.53451
001
0
69.16837
65
542.3407
75
279.1596
894
207.0100
368
263.1810856
HEX2
[kW]
38.534
51
0
69.168
38
56.171
05
207.0100368
HEX1 [kW]
38.53451001
0
69.1683765
Q (abs)
38.53451
001
0
HEX1
38.53451001
0
HEX2
38.534
51
0
HEX3
H1
0
0
0
0
69.16837
65
542.3407
75
279.1596
894
207.0100
368
6b
1o
9o
6o
263.1810856
69.168
38
56.171
05
30.6338664
9
56.1710487
4
207.0100368
69.1683765
0
0
CP h CP c
Minimum number of heat exchangers required
To calculate the minimum number of heat exchangers required in this design, the
following equation for simple networks can be implemented:
Z min =N ' 1
Where Zmin is he minimum number of exchangers including heaters and coolers
needed;
N is the number of streams including the utilities.
N in this case is 7 therefore Zmin is effectively 6.