LOGIC AND REASONING PRACTICE PAPER

1. Let

r : It is raining ,

n : It is night ,

c : It is cloudy , w :The ground is wet .

Translate each of the following English statements into formal logical

statements using symbols.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

It is raining whenever the ground is wet.

It is not true that it is raining or the ground is wet.
The ground is wet if it is raining and it is cloudy.
It only rains at night.
If its not the case that the ground is wet and it is raining, then it is not
cloudy.

p,q,r

2.

are the propositions

p : you get a Grade I in Mathematics

q : you do all logic questions
r : you revise your work regularly
i)

p,q

Using

and

and logical connectives, state the converse,

contrapositive and the inverse of the proposition

ii)

Express

p q r

3. Four propositions

p q r

as an English sentence.

w,x,y

and

which relate to entries in a contest, are

defined below.
w:
x:
y:
z:

entry
entry
entry
entry

includes
includes
includes
includes

the
the
the
the

contestants
contestants
contestants
contestants

work telephone number

address
home telephone number
name

Express the following statements in terms w, x, y and z and the logical

connectives

and

a) Entry includes the contestants name and address

b) Entry does not include the contestants home and work telephone
numbers
c) Entry includes at least one of the contestants address and home
telephone number.
4. Let

p represent the proposition You have your cake, which may be

considered equivalent to You do not eat your cake in this question.

LOGIC AND REASONING PRACTICE PAPER

i)

Express the proposition You have your cake and eat it in symbolic
form.
Hence, with the aid of a truth table explain why the proposition You
have your cake and eat it is a contradiction.

ii)

5. State whether each of the following is the converse, inverse or contrapositive

m n .

of the proposition
a.

n m

b.

n m

c.

m n

6. Write
a.
b.
c.

the converse, inverse and contrapositive of the following sentences.

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I go to beach whenever it is a sunny summer day.
It rains if it is a weekend day

7. By using the laws of algebra of propositions, show that each of the following
are logically equivalent.
a)

q p

and

p q

b)

( p q ) ( p q)

and

c)

[( p q) p]q

and

d)

( p q ) ( p q ) ( p q ) and

p q

8. Decide whether each of the following is a tautology, contradiction or a

contingency, using truth tables. [Include a statement at the end of each,
explaining your answer.]
a)

( x y ) (x y )

b)

[a ( a b ) ] b

c)

( a b ) [ ( b c ) ( a c ) ]

9. Use a truth table to show that

p ( q r ) q ( p r ) .