Management

Information
System

A Report On:

Management Information System

Prepared For:

Sir Zain ul Abdien

Prepared By:

Abdul Latif (12014101)

Syed Tufail Haider (12014177)
Muhammad Waseem (12014136)
Muhammad Wasif Azeem (120141

DATED:

12th, November, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENT

TOPICS

S.NO

PAGE
NO

THE CITY SCHOOL OVERVIEW

THE CITY SCHOOL FACILITIES

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

THE SOURCE OF MIS DATA

OBJECTIVES OF MIS

TYPES OF MIS

Transaction Processing Systems

Decision Support Systems
School Information Management Systems
Human Resource Management
Executive Information Systems
Office Automation Systems

5-7

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

REFERENCES

10

THE CITY SCHOOL OV

Established in Karachi in 1978, The City School is today one of the largest
private school networks in Pakistan with branches in all the major cities
across the country. It currently has 195 schools in 54 cities with over
60,000 students and 8000 employees. The City School continues to
expand its reach to meet the demands for quality education. The
knowledge and skills-based curriculum derived from the UK national
curriculum guides students from Nursery to Cambridge International
Examinations (for the 16 and 18 year age group), qualifying them for the
IGCSE, and O and A Level examinations. The uniform implementation of
the curriculum gives parents, students, and teachers the advantage of a
smooth and efficient transfer from one school to another within the
system.

THE CITY SCHOOL FACILITIES

Purpose-built Campuses
All purpose-built campuses provide the essential academic and recreational
facilities.

Laboratories
Science laboratories are equipped with modern scientific equipment to
facilitate practical work necessary for senior examinations.

Computer Labs
State-of-the-art computer labs provide access to advanced interactive
technology throughout our schools at all stages. Students are acquainted with
Information and Communications Technology at grass-roots level. The latest
software as per the requirements of IGCSE curriculum is also available for
students.

Libraries
Our well stocked libraries support the curriculum and the reading
programmers in our schools while encouraging students to carry out research
at home.

Music
Music is offered as a subject at various levels and is an important component
of our Early Years Programmers

Art
Art is the medium of instruction at primary level and is also thoroughly
enjoyed by students at the middle school level.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

A

Management Information System (MIS) is a systematic organization and

presentation of information that is generally required by the management of an

organization for taking better decisions for the organization. The MIS data may
be derived from various units of the organization or from other sources. However
it is very difficult to say the exact structure of MIS as the structure and goals of
different types of organizations are different. Hence both the data and structure
of MIS is dependent on the type of organization and often customized to
the specific requirement of the management.
The meaning of MIS is well represented by consists. Management the
information system is built for management and not for the operational staff.
Information System- an information system that takes care of sourcing,
organizing and managing the required data and presenting in the desired
formats that may be useful in a context and for a purpose.

THE SOURCE OF MIS DATA

MIS data is generally summarized from the day-to-day operational data of the
organization. Most part of the MIS database is collected from different
subsystems of the organization. The subsystems may be Human Resource
System, Production Management System, Finance System, Sales Management
System, Project Management System etc.

The above illustration shows how the critical management information flows from
every unit of organization to a centralized management information system. It
will be interesting to note that there can be some management information
from the

information management unit to the management information

system too Some

types

of

MIS

data

are

also

collected

from

sources

external to the organization, such as competitors data, which may be

obtained from different websites in the Internet.

OBJECTIVES OF MIS
The goals of an MIS are to implement the organizational structure and dynamics
of the enterprise for the purpose of managing the organization in a better way
and capturing the potential of the information system for competitive advantage.
Following are the basic objectives of an MIS:

Capturing Data: Capturing contextual data, or operational information that

will contribute in decision making from various internal and external sources
of organization.

Processing Data: The captured data is processed into information needed

for planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling functionalities
at strategic, tactical and operational level. Processing data means making
calculations with the data, sorting data, classifying data and summarizing
data

Information Storage: Information or processed data need to be stored for

future use.

Information Retrieval: The system should be able to retrieve this

information from the storage as and when required by various users.

Information Propagation: Information or the finished product of the MIS

should be circulated to its users periodically using the organizational
network.

TYPES OF MIS
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS :( TPS)
These systems process a large volume of routine, recurring transactions.
Transaction processing systems (TPS) deal with computerization of any type of
transactions such as financial transactions (receipts, payments etc.), sales
transactions (purchases, sales etc.). The purpose of TPS is to track the routine
activities and automate the day-to-day operations of specific activities of an
organization such as sales, production, payroll etc.
To computerize day-to-day transactions like sales etc., print sales vouchers,
prepare daily reports, summary reports etc. This system intends to reduce
manual work and speed up operations by using computers. At the operational
level the tasks and goals are predefined and the processes are highly structured.
There are specific rules on how

a pay slip is to be calculated and

specific

format on how a pay slip is to be printed. Hence, in most cases, readymade

software packages are available for transaction processing systems.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: (DSS)

These systems help mangers with the necessary information to make intelligent
decisions. Decision support systems are meant for assisting the decision makers
(human beings) in taking non-standard and complex decisions. Decision support
systems use intelligence like human beings to decide what if this happens
Decision support systems are intelligent systems and similar to expert systems.
Decision Support Systems use data from both TPS and MIS. They
information

input

from

other

sources

such

as

competitors

also take
reports,

information from websites. Decision support systems use various scientific

methods and statistical calculations to arrive at better decisions on a given
condition.
DSS do not necessarily follow conventional rules. For example, a conventional
system can compute the price of a product based on the cost of production, but
it cannot compute the price of product to be less than the cost of production. But
sometimes a decision may be taken to sell the product at a price lower than
the manufacturing cost (thereby incurring loss) because of competitors price.
The decision support systems are based on highly unstructured data. As the
problem

environment

is

frequently

changing

there

is

no

ready-made

decision support software. There are various software tools for advanced
7

statistical calculations and presentations. The decision maker may use some of
these tools to fine-tune his decisions.

SCHOOL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (SIMS):

Cover school administration, and often including teaching and learning materials.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM).

A

human

resources

information

management

system

supports

the daily

management and tracking of employees and recruiting. These systems track

some financial elements of human resources that overlap the accounting and
finance system such as payroll, benefits and retirement, but the human resource
system is much more than that. It can streamline communication between
employees and HR by providing an electronic hub for HR policies, legal
compliance notices and mandatory training events. It can automate employee
timekeeping, track work attendance, calculate available and used leave and let
employees request vacation or sick leave, all without a manager's physical
involvement. The recruiting function is also automated through the human
resources management system through resume collection and analysis for
identifying

qualified

potential

hires.

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS (EIS)

Executive Information Systems are strategic-level information systems that are
found at the top of the Pyramid. They help executives and senior managers
analyze the environment in which the organization operates, to identify longterm trends, and to plan appropriate courses of action. The information in such
systems is often weakly structured and comes from both internal and external
sources. Executive Information System are designed to be operated directly by
executives without the need for intermediaries and easily tailored to the
preferences of the individual using them.
Executive Support Systems are intended to provide necessary information to
Executives and senior management to take non-routine and strategic decisions.
ESS may get input from TPS of an organization and from other sources
and present the information in formats that may be useful to the senior
management to take effective decisions. Thus as we saw above all these
systems including MIS, DSS, ESS etc. are used by the senior management to

take effective decisions. But there are certain differences between them so far
as their field of application is concerned.

OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)

Office automation systems use computerized systems to automate any workflow
of the organization. For example, a manual payroll system may be computerized
for an automatic calculation of salaries and other payments.

Standard

acknowledgements may be automatically sent by emails. The replies to queries

may be standardized and to some extent automated.
There are many office automation systems such as MSOffice Suite, Star
Office (from Sun Microsystems), IBM Lotus symphony, Open Office etc. Office
automation systems have nothing to do with MIS. But they are used for all types
of purposes at every level.

Hence

sometimes

office automation

useful for compiling and presenting MIS reports.

tools

are

ADVANTAGES
The following are some of the benefits that can be attained using MIS

1. Companies are able to identify their strengths and weaknesses due to

the presence of revenue reports, employees' performance record etc.
Identifying these aspects can help a company improve its business
processes and operations.
2. Giving an overall picture of the company.
3. Acting as a communication and planning tool.
4. The availability of customer data and feedback can help the company
to align its business processes according to the needs of its customers.
The effective management of customer data can help the company to
perform direct marketing and promotion activities.
5. MISs can help a company gain a competitive advantage. Competitive
advantage is a firms ability to do something better, faster, cheaper, or
uniquely, when compared with rival firms in the market.

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DISADVANTAGES

EXPENSIVE
Installing a management information system can be expensive for a company.
Information technologywhile cheaper today than previous yearscan represent
a significant expense, especially for larger organizations. These systems may
also require ongoing support or upgrade fees, which can represent future fixed
cash outflows. Companies must create a budget to pay for these items to ensure
the information system stays current with business technology. Attempting to
integrate these systems with technology currently in use can also increase
expenses.

MAINTENANCE
Companies may need to hire maintenance individuals to help keep an electronic
information system running smoothly. These individuals often need experience in
computer science functions and other business topics. Not only does this
increase labor costs, but it also requires additional training and ongoing
education for these individuals. Business technology can change frequently,
creating an environment where companies must have trained individuals who
can properly maintain computers, websites, servers and other equipment in use
by the management information system.

UNEMPLOYMENT
While information technology may have streamlined the business process it has
also created job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This means that a lot
of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing more people to
become
unemployed.

PRIVACY
Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier
and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone
signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once
private
information
becoming
public
knowledge.

LACK OF JOB SECURITY

Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as
since technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to
be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.

REFERENCES
11

The City Schoolhttp://thecityschool.edu.pk/

Stephen Harsh, Management Information Systems
Laudon and Laudon, Management Information Systems,
Gorden Davis, Management Information Systems

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