FRICTIONLESS COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY

SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted by
VISHNU VIJAYAN
Reg No: 12428066
to
The University of Kerala
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
B.Tech Degree in Mechanical Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
RAJADHANI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
OCTOBER 2015
Mechanical Engineering- RIET

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ATTINGAL
CERTIFICATE
Certified
that
this
report
entitled
FRICTIONLESS
COMPRESSOR
TECHNOLOGY is the report of seminar presented by VISHNU VIJAYAN Roll
No: 12428066 during 2015-2016 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering of
the University of Kerala.
Mr. HARISANKAR.U.S
Seminar Guide
Mechanical Department
RIET, Attingal
Mr. SREE MAHESH M.P
Prof. S. SIVAKUMAR
Staff coordinator
Mechanical Department
RIET, Attingal.
Head of Department
Mechanical Department
RIET, Attingal
Mechanical Engineering- RIET

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere
thanks to all who helped me to complete the project successfully.
I am deeply indebted to my guide, Mr. HARISANKAR U S, Department of
Mechanical Engineering for his excellent guidance, positive criticism and valuab
le
comments. I am greatly thankful to Prof S SIVAKUMAR, Head of Mechanical
Engineering Department for his support and cooperation.
I am also indebted to all the teaching and non- teaching staff of the
department of mechanical engineering for their cooperation and suggestions,
which is the spirit behind this report.
Finally I thank my parents and friends near and dear ones who directly and
indirectly contributed to the successful completion of my seminar.
ATTINGAL
VISHNU VIJAYAN
Mechanical Engineering- RIET

ABSTRACT
Traditional centrifugal compressors use roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearing
s,
both of which consume power and require oil and lubrication system. This can be
overcome by
the introduction of new compressor technology called frictionless compressor tec
hnology. The
frictionless compressor technology is compressor with the application of magneti
c bearings and
permanent magnet synchronous motor. In frictionless compressor instead of roller
bearings
and hydrodynamic bearings, magnetic bearings are used. Magnetic bearings consume
less
power and there is no need for oil and lubrication systems. Permanent magnet bru
shless
synchronous motor has permanent magnet instead of copper windings.
After 10 years of development, magnetic bearing compressors offer economic, ener
gy,
and environmental benefits. Chief among them are increased energy efficiency, th
e elimination
of oil and oil management and considerable less weight, noise, and vibration. Th
is is initial midrange package offers centrifugal compression efficiencies previ
ously reserved for large tonnage
systems only. This compressor has high reliability, efficiency, less maintenance
cost and staff.
With the help of digital control system the controlling and monitoring of work i
s very easy. The
frictionless compressor technology makes new revolutions in the field of air con
ditioning,
refrigeration etc
Mechanical Engineering- RIET

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................
..................................................... 1
2. GAS COMPRESSOR ..............................................................
................................................... 2
2.1 Types of Compressors .......................................................
.................................................................. 2
2.1.1 Centrifugal compressors ..................................................
............................................................ 3
2.1.2 Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors .......................................
................................................... 3
2.1.3 Axial-flow compressors ...................................................
............................................................. 3
2.1.4 Reciprocating compressors ................................................
.......................................................... 4
2.1.5 Rotary screw compressors .................................................
.......................................................... 5
2.1.6 Rotary vane compressors...................................................
.......................................................... 5
2.1.7 Scroll compressors .......................................................
................................................................ 6
2.1.8 Diaphragm compressors ....................................................
.......................................................... 6
3. THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR ...........................
................. 7
4. FRICTIONLESS COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY ..........................................
................................ 8
4.1 Problems with Traditional Technology........................................
........................................................ 9
4.2 Solutions with Frictionless Compressor .....................................
......................................................... 9
5. MAIN COMPONENTS .............................................................
.............................................. 10
5.1 MECHANICAL COMPONENTS ......................................................
......................................................... 10
5.2 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS.......................................................
........................................................... 12
6. THE BEARINGS ................................................................
..................................................... 15
7. SHUTDOWNS AND POWER FAILURES ................................................
.................................. 16
8. OIL-FREE DESIGN .............................................................
.................................................... 16
9. THE MOTOR ...................................................................
...................................................... 17
10. CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY ....................................................
............................................ 18
11. SOUND AND VIBRATION ........................................................
............................................ 18
12. ADVANTAGES..................................................................
................................................... 19
13. APPLICATIONS................................................................
.................................................... 20
14. CONCLUSION .................................................................
.................................................... 21
15. REFERENCES..................................................................
..................................................... 22

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1. INTRODUCTION
A new compressor technology introduced during the 2008 International AirConditio
ning Heating Refrigerating Exposition (AHR Expo), held last January in Chicago,
may
have a significant effect on the future of mid-range chillers and rooftop applic
ations in watercooled, evaporative cooled, and air-cooled chilled water and dire
ct-expansion (DX) systems.
Designed and optimized to take full advantage of magnetic-bearing technology, th
e compressor
was awarded the first AHR Expo Innovation Award in the energy category, as well
as Canadas
Energy Efficiency Award for its potential to reduce utility-generated greenhouse
-gas emissions.
The compressor is key to a new water cooled centrifugal-chiller design, with Air
Conditioning
and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) tests indicating integrated part-load values (
IPLVs) not normally
seen with conventional chillers in this tonnage range.
Frictionless Compressor Technology is one of the fast growing Technology in the
mechanical engineering field. In the case of Traditional centrifugal compressors
, we use roller
bearings & hydrodynamic bearings, both of them consume power & require oil & lub
rication
system. This can be overcome by introduction of the new compressor technology wh
ich is
called as frictionless compressor technology
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2. GAS COMPRESSOR
A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by
reducing
its volume. Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fl
uid and both
can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compresso
r also reduces
the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible, so the main action o
f a pump is to
transport liquids.
Types of Compressors
The main types of gas compressors are illustrated and discussed below:
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Centrifugal compressors
Centrifugal compressors use a rotating disk or impeller in a shaped housing to f
orce the
gas to the rim of the impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. A diffuser (
divergent duct)
section converts the velocity energy to pressure energy. They are primarily used
for continuous,
stationary service in industries such as oil refineries, chemical and petrochemi
cal plants and
natural gas processing plants. Their application can be from 100 hp (75 kW) to t
housands of
horsepower. With multiple staging, they can achieve extremely high output pressu
res greater
than 10,000 psi (69 MPa).
Many large snow-making operations (like ski resorts) use this type of compressor
. They
are also used in internal combustion engines as superchargers and turbochargers.
Centrifugal
compressors are used in small gas turbine engines or as the final compression st
age of medium
sized gas turbines.
Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors
Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors are similar to centrifugal compressors, but h
ave a
radial and axial velocity component at the exit from the rotor. The diffuser is
often used to turn
diagonal flow to the axial direction. The diagonal compressor has a lower diamet
er diffuser
than the equivalent centrifugal compressor.
Axial-flow compressors
Axial-flow compressors are dynamic rotating compressors that use arrays of fan-l
ike
aero foil to progressively compress the working fluid. They are used where there
is a
requirement for a high flows or a compact design.
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The arrays of aero foil are set in rows, usually as pairs: one rotating and one
stationary. The
rotating aero foils, also known as blades or rotors decelerate and pressurize the
fluid.
The stationary aero foil is, also known as a stators or vanes, turn and decelera
te the fluid;
preparing and redirecting the flow for the rotor blades of the next stage. Axial
compressors are
almost always multi-staged, with the cross-sectional area of the gas passage dim
inishing along
the compressor to maintain an optimum axial Mach number. Beyond about 5 stages o
r a 4:1
design pressure ratio, variable geometry is normally used to improve operation.
Axial compressors can have high efficiencies; around 90% polytrophic at their de
sign
conditions. However, they are relatively expensive, requiring a large number of
components,
tight tolerances and high quality materials. Axial-flow compressors can be found
in medium to
large gas turbine engines, in natural gas pumping stations, and within certain c
hemical plants.
Reciprocating compressors
Reciprocating compressors use pistons driven by a crankshaft. They can be either
stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and can be driven by elec
tric motors or
internal combustion engines. Small reciprocating compressors from 5 to 30 horsep
ower (hp)
are commonly seen in automotive applications and are typically for intermittent
duty. Larger
reciprocating compressors up to 1000 hp are still commonly found in large indust
rial
applications, but their numbers are declining as they are replaced by various ot
her types of
compressors. Discharge pressures can range from low pressure to very high pressu
re (>5000 psi
or 35 MPa). In certain applications, such as air compression, multi-stage double
-acting
compressors are said to be the most efficient compressors available, and are typ
ically larger,
noisier, and more costly than comparable rotary units.
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Rotary screw compressors
Rotary screw compressors use two meshed rotating positive-displacement helical
screws to force the gas into a smaller space. These are usually used for continu
ous operation in
commercial and industrial applications and may be either stationary or portable.
Their
application can be from 3 hp (2.24 kW) to over 500 hp (375 kW) and from low pres
sure to very
high pressure (>1200 psi or 8.3 MPa). They are commonly seen with roadside repai
r crews
powering air-tools. This type is also used for many automobile engine supercharg
ers because it
is easily matched to the induction capacity of a piston Engine
Rotary vane compressors
Rotary vane compressors consist of a rotor with a number of blades inserted in r
adial
slots in the rotor. The rotor is mounted offset in a larger housing which can be
circular or a
more complex shape. As the rotor turns, blades slide in and out of the slots kee
ping contact
with the outer wall of the housing.[1] Thus, a series of decreasing volumes is c
reated by the
rotating blades. Rotary Vane compressors are, with piston compressors one of the
oldest of
compressor technologies.
With suitable port connections, the devices may be either a compressor or a vacu
um pump.
They can be either stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and ca
n be driven by
electric motors or internal combustion engines. Dry vane machines are used at re
latively low
pressures (e.g., 2 bars) for bulk material movement whilst oil-injected machines
have the
necessary volumetric efficiency to achieve pressures up to about 13 bars in a si
ngle stage. A
rotary vane compressor is well suited to electric motor drive and is significant
ly quieter in
operation than the equivalent piston compressor.
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Scroll compressors
A scroll compressor, also known as scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump, uses two
interleaved
spiral-like vanes to pump or compress fluids such as liquids and gases. The vane
geometry may
be involutes, Archimedean spiral, or hybrid curves. They operate more smoothly,
quietly, and
reliably than other types of compressors in the lower volume range.
Often, one of the scrolls is fixed, while the other orbits eccentrically without
rotating, thereby
trapping and pumping or compressing pockets of fluid or gas between the scrolls.
Diaphragm compressors
A diaphragm compressor (also known as a membrane compressor) is a variant of the
conventional reciprocating compressor. The compression of gas occurs by the move
ment of a
flexible membrane, instead of an intake element. The back and forth movement of
the
membrane is driven by a rod and a crankshaft mechanism. Only the membrane and th
e
compressor box come in touch with the gas being compressed.
Diaphragm compressors are used for hydrogen and compressed natural gas (CNG) as
well as in a number of other applications.
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3. THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSOR
The Frictionless compressor is the worlds first totally Oil-Free compressor speci
fically
designed for the Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR
) industry. The
convergence of aerospace and industrially proven magnetic bearings, variable-spe
ed centrifugal
compression and digital electronic technologies enables the frictionless compres
sors (nominal
60-150 ton capacity range) to achieve the highest compressor efficiencies, cost
effectively, for
middle-market, water-cooled, evaporative-cooled and air-cooled HVACR application
s.
The well-proven energy performance advantages of variable-speed centrifugal
Compressors are now brought to mainstream middle-market applications through the
use of
High-speed, two-stage centrifugal compression with integral variable-speed drive
. Compressor
speed is reduced as the condensing temperature and/or heat load reduces,
Optimizing energy performance through the entire operating range from 100% to 20
% or
Below of rated capacity. Operations to near zero loads are achievable via an opt
ional, digitally
controlled, load balancing valve.
Centrifugal compressors tend to be more efficient than screw or scroll compresso
rs,
and take advantage of speed control more effectively, but they are usually only
available in
larger sizes. By using the smaller shaft, they are able to take advantage of the
centrifugal
compressor technology in a smaller size than is normally available.
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4. FRICTIONLESS COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY
Frictionless Compressor Technology is one of the fast growing Technology in the
mechanical engineering field. In the case of Traditional centrifugal compressors
, we use roller
bearings & hydrodynamic bearings, both of them consume power & require oil & lub
rication
system. This can be overcome by introduction of the new compressor technology wh
ich is
called as FRICTIONLESS COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY. The frictionless compressor techno
logy is
the compressor with which the application of the magnetic bearings & permanent m
agnet
synchronous motor. In the frictionless compressor instead of the roller bearings
&
hydrodynamic bearings, magnetic bearings will be use. Magnetic bearings consume
less power
& there is no need for the oil and lubrication systems. Permanent magnet brushle
ss
synchronous motor has the permanent magnet instead of the copper windings. This
compressor has the high efficiency, reliability, less maintenance cost & the sta
ff. With help of
the digital control system, controlling & monitoring of the work is very easy. T
he frictionless
compressor technology makes new revolutions in the field of air conditioning, re
frigeration etc.
. They Are Different because
1. Magnetic bearings.
2. Oil-free design.
3. VFD control.
4. Smaller and lighter than conventional compressors.
5. Less noise
.
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Problems with Traditional Technology
1.
2.
3.
4.

Oil-lubricated equivalent wastes more on friction and irreversible loss.

Oil fouling costs more due to higher T.
On / off control costs more.
Part-load inefficiency costs more for traditional chillers.

Solutions with Frictionless Compressor

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Frictionless oil-free using magnetic bearings.

Soft start and Ramp up.
Power Management.
No COP deterioration with time.
Low noise and smooth Operation.
Low maintenance costs as there are no wearing parts.

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5. MAIN COMPONENTS
The components in Frictionless Compressor can be mainly classified into two cate
gories as
Mechanical components and Electrical components
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
FIG 1
1. Magnetic bearings and bearing sensors
Composed of both permanent and electromagnets
Enables precisely controlled frictionless compressor shaft
rotation on a levitated magnetic cushion
Bearing sensors, located at each magnetic bearing, feedback
rotor orbit and thrust/axial information in real time.
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2. Permanent-magnet synchronous motor
Powered by PWM (pulse width modulated) voltage supply
High-speed variable frequency operation affords high
efficiency, compactness and soft start capability
3. Touchdown bearings
Carbon-lined radially and axially located bearings support the rotor when the
compressor is not energized
Prevents contact between the rotor and other metallic surfaces
4. Shaft and impellers
Only one major moving compressor component
Acts as rotor for permanent-magnet synchronous motor
Impellers are keyed directly to the motor rotor
5. Compressor cooling
Liquid refrigerant flow is controlled electronically, cooling electronic, mechan
ical and
electromechanical compressor components to assure maximum efficiency and safe
operation
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6. Inlet guide vane assembly
Trims compressor capacity and is digitally integrated
With the variable-speed control, to
optimize energy
Efficiency and compressor performance
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
FIG 2
1. Soft start module
Significantly reduces high in-rush current at startup
The startup inrush current is only 2 amps vs. typically up to 500-600 amps
Experienced by traditional screw compressors in this tonnage range truly redefin
ing
soft starts
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2. Variable frequency drive
IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) is an inverter that converts a DC volta
ge into an
adjustable three-phase AC voltage
Signals from the motor/bearing controller determine the inverter output frequenc
y,
voltage and phase, thereby regulating the motor speed converts mechanical energy
back into electrical energy.
In case of power failure, this patented control scheme allows for a normal deLev
itation and shutdown
3. Three-phase terminal block
Connection point for primary power supply
4. Rectifier
Converts AC line power into a high-voltage DC power source for motor, bearings a
nd
control operations
5. Capacitors
Energy storage and filter for smooth DC voltage
Provide power to the magnetic bearings, along with motor
rotation, to ensure rotor shaft levitation through
compressor coast down in the event of an external power
loss
6. DC-DC converters
Supplies and electrically isolates the high and low DC voltages required for the
control
circuits
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7. Controls connection
Network connection for external control and monitoring
8. Bearing sensor feed through
Hermetically sealed connections enabling the transfer of
power to the electromagnetic bearings and shaft position
and rotation signals to the control modules
9. Driver Board/EXV Control
10. Compressor and bearing controller
Central processor of the compressor system
Continuously updated with critical data from the motor/bearing and external sens
ors
that indicate the compressor and chiller/rooftop package Operating status
Software enabled, it responds to changing conditions and requirements to ensure
optimum system performance
Computes the required shaft position signals that control the magnetic bearings
Processes motor current information to control motor speed
11. PWM amplifier
Supplies power to the electromagnetic bearings
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6. THE BEARINGS
Traditional centrifugal compressors use roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearing
s,
both of which consume power and require oil and a lubrication system. Recently,
ceramic roller
bearings, which avoid issues related to oil and reduce power consumption, were i
ntroduced to
the HVAC industry. The lubrication of these bearings is provided by the refriger
ant itself.
Magnetic-bearing technology is significantly different. A digitally controlled m
agneticbearing system, consisting of both permanent magnets and electromagnets,
replaces
conventional lubricated bearings. The frictionless compressor shaft is the compr
essors only
moving component. It rotates on a levitated magnetic cushion. Magnetic bearingstw
o radial
and one axial hold the shaft in position
FIG 3
When the magnetic bearings are energized, the motor and impellers, which are key
ed
directly to the magnetic shaft, levitate. Permanent-magnetic bearings do the pri
mary work,
while digitally controlled electromagnets provide the fine positioning. Four pos
itioning signals
per bearing hold the levitated assembly to a tolerance of 0.00002 in. As the lev
itated assembly
moves from the center point, the electromagnets intensity is adjusted to correct
the position.
These adjustments occur 6 million times a minute. The software has been designed
to
automatically compensate for any out-of-balance condition in the levitated assem
bly
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7. SHUTDOWNS AND POWER FAILURES
When the compressor is not running, the shaft assembly rests on graphite-lined,
radially
located touchdown bearings. The magnetic bearings normally position the rotor in
the proper
location, preventing contact between the rotor and other metallic surfaces. If t
he magnetic
bearings fail, the touchdown bearings (also known as backup bearings) are used t
o prevent a
compressor failure. The compressor uses capacitors to smooth ripples in the DC l
ink in the
motor drive. Instantaneously after a power failure, the motor becomes a generator
, using its
angular momentum to create electricity (sometimes known as back EMF) and keeping
the
capacitors charged during the brief coast down period. The capacitors, in turn,
provide enough
power to maintain levitation during coast down, allowing the motor rotor to stop
and
delimitate. This feature allows the compressor to see a power outage as a normal
shutdown
8. OIL-FREE DESIGN
Oil management, particularly as it pertains to the lubrication of compressor bea
rings, is a
critical issue in refrigeration system design. But with magnetic bearings, this
issue is avoided.
Only a very small amount of oil is required to lubricate other system components
, such as seals
and valves; often, however, experience shows that even this small amount of oil
is not needed.
Avoiding oil-management systems means avoiding the capital cost of oil pumps, su
mps,
heaters, coolers, and oil separators, as well as the labor and time required to
perform oil
related services. Reports indicate that for many installations, compressor-maint
enance costs
have been cut by more than 50 percent..
Magnetic bearings eliminate the need for these systems and oil management in gen
eral.
In fact, the only required regular maintenance of the compressor is the quarterl
y tightening of
the terminal screws, the annual blowing off of dust and cleaning of the boards,
and the
changing of the capacitors every five years. Complete service agreements and ext
ended
maintenance contracts can be provided by the manufacturer.
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9. THE MOTOR
Most hermetic compressors use induction motors cooled by either liquid or suctio
n-gas
refrigerant. Induction motors have copper windings that, when alternating curren
t is run
through them, create the magnetic fields that cause the motor to turn. These cop
per windings
are bulky, adding size and weight to the compressor. Two-pole, 60-Hz induction m
otors operate at
approximately 3,600 rpm. A higher number of revolutions per minute can be obtain
ed by
increasing the frequency. Compressors that require higher shaft speeds tend to u
se gears. While
gears are a proven technology, they create noise and vibration, consume power, a
nd require
lubrication. The magnet-bearing compressor features a synchronous permanent-magn
et brushless
DC motor with a completely integrated variable-frequency drive (VFD). The stator
windings
found conventional induction motors are replaced with a permanent-magnet rotor.
Alternating current from the inverter energizes the armature windings. The stato
r (excitation) and
rotor (armature) change places. The motor and key electronic components are inte
rnally refrigerant
cooled, so no special cooling is required for the VFD or the motor.
The use of permanent magnets instead of rotor windings makes the motor smaller a
nd
lighter than induction motors. Using magnetic-bearing technology, a 75-ton compr
essor weighs
265 lbabout one-fifth the weight of a conventional compressor. A variable-speed d
rive (VSD) is
required for the motor to operate.
The VSD varies the frequency between 300 and 800 Hz, which provides a compressor
-speed
range from 18,000 to 48,000 rpm. This avoids a gear set. The VSD is integrated i
nto the
compressor housing, avoiding long leads and allowing key electronic components t
o be
refrigerant-cooled. The VSD also acts as a soft starter; as a result, the compre
ssor has an
extremely low startup in-rush current: less than 2 amps, compared with 500 to 60
0 amps for a
traditional 75-ton, 460-v screw compressor with a cross-the-line starter. With t
he integration of
the motor, VSD, and magnetic-bearing system, the capacitors required for the mot
or and
drive can be used as a backup power source for the bearings in the event of a po
wer outage
or emergency shutdown
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10. CAPACITY AND EFFICIENCY
Among the key parameters affecting performance are capacity (tons) and efficienc
y (kilowatts
per ton). The compressors capacity ranges from 60 to 90 tons, depending on the op
erating
conditions. Plans call for that range to be extended to 150 tons water-cooled an
d 115 tons aircooled by the end of 2004 with the use of R-134a refrigerant. An R
-22 version is planned for retrofit
applications.
Efficiency improvements stem from a combination of the centrifugal compressor,
permanent magnet motor, and magnetic bearings. Within the compressor, efficiency
is
affected by the Compressor isentropic efficiency (the efficiency of the wheels),
the motor,
and the bearings. Traditional induction motors of this size typically are in the
92-percent efficiency
range. This compressors permanent-magnet motor has an efficiency of 96 to 97 perc
ent. Efficiency
is further enhanced with the use of magnetic bearings, which avoid the friction
of rubbing parts
associated with traditional oiled bearings. Conventional bearings can use as muc
h as 10,000 w,
while magnetic bearings re- quire only 180 w. That amounts to 500 times less fri
ction loss.
Current development projects are expanding the range and duty of the compressor
wheels
and promise to offer even greater efficiency for water-cooled and air-cooled dut
ies and different
capacities.
11. SOUND AND VIBRATION
Because the rotating assembly levitates, there essentially is no structure-borne
vibration. The
magnetic bearings create an air buffer that prevents the only major moving part
the motor rotor
from transmitting vibration to the structure. Similarly, sound levels are extrem
ely low, primarily
because of refrigerant-gas movement through the compressor and the rest of the r
efrigeration
system. There are no tonal issues, such as those found with some screw compresso
rs, and the
noise occurs in the higher octave bands, where it is easier to attenuate. When t
wo magneticbearing compressors were integrated into a chiller, the sound pressur
e was 77 dBA at 3.3 ft under
ARI Standard 575-94, Method of Measuring Machinery Sound within an Equipment Spa
ce.
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12. ADVANTAGES
Easy to work with
It features the same standard suction, discharge and economizer ports as convent
ional
compressors. It mounts in the standard way. It can use the same power wiring wit
h a single control and
monitoring connection.
Easy on product cost
This frictionless magnetic bearing design needs no oil management system. And be
cause theres
no oil to coat the heat transfer surfaces, the units high efficiency can be maint
ained over the lifetime of
the product. The outstanding efficiency of the compressor gives equipment manufa
cturers the option
to offer the highest efficiency/lowest emissions, cost effective performance in
its tonnage range.
Easy on the ears
A sound level less than 70 dB, with virtually no structure-borne vibration, elim
inates the
need for expensive attenuation accessories.
Easy to handle
265 pounds (120 kg) is less than 20% of the weight of competitive compressors wi
th an
approximate 50% smaller footprint.
Easy refrigerant choice
Since the compressors are optimized for HFC -134a, a well-known, environmentally
responsible, refrigerant.
Easy to control
Onboard digital electronics make the compressor the compressor with a brain. Insid
e,
the compressor is totally self-correcting and incorporates a system of sophistic
ated selfdiagnostics, monitoring and control. Outside, you can tap into this int
elligence by using control
outputs in various for including web-enabled monitoring and control.
Easy on energy
The compressor enables chiller and rooftop manufacturers to achieve the necessar
y product
efficiency levels to meet and exceed ASHRAE 90.1 and the California Title 24 req
uirements for energy
efficiency.
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13. APPLICATIONS
1 Water-cooled chiller applications
2 Rooftop and packaged system applications
3 Air-cooled chiller applications
4 Multiple compressor applications
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14. CONCLUSION
Frictionless Compressor Technology is one of the fast growing Technology in the
mechanical engineering field. In the case of Traditional centrifugal compressors
, we use roller
bearings & hydrodynamic bearings, both of them consume power & require oil & lub
rication
system. This can be overcome by frictionless compressor technology And it offer
economic,
energy and environmental benefits. Chief among them are energy efficiency, elimi
nating oil and
control oil and much less weight, noise and vibration. This is the initial inter
mediate package
offers the efficiency of centrifugal compression previously intended only for la
rge systems. This
compressor has a high reliability, efficiency, lower maintenance costs and staff
. Using digital
control and monitoring management system of operation is very simple. Frictionle
ss
compressors make new revolutions in air-conditioning, refrigeration and so Frict
ionless
Compressor technology is one of the fastest growing technologies in the field of
engineering.
The design of these compressors is clearly innovative, elegant, and efficient, a
nd all indications
are that it is a quality product. The idea of using magnetic bearings is provoca
tive, but it turns
out that this feature in itself is rarely enough to justify considering the 50-7
0% price premium
you are likely to pay for a frictionless compressor. However, with associated be
nefits, it may be
well worth considering.
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15. REFERENCES
1. Hugh Crowther, PE and Eugene Smithart, PE (2004 JANUARY) Frictionless Compres
sor
Technology
2. Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W. (Editors) (2007). Perry s Chemical Engineers Han
dbook, 8th
Edition, McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-142294-3.
3. Dixon S.L. (1978). Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, Third E
dition,
Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-022722-8.
4. Aungier, Ronald H. (2000). Centrifugal Compressors A Strategy for Aerodynamic
design
and Analysis. ASME Press. ISBN 0-7918-0093-8.
5. Bloch, H.P. and Hoefner, J.J. (1996). Reciprocating Compressors, Operation an
d
Maintenance. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 0-88415-525-0.
6. Reciprocating Compressor Basics Adam Davis, Noria Corporation, Machinery Lubr
ication,
July 2005
7. Introduction to Industrial Compressed Air Systems
8. Screw Compressor Describes how screw compressors work and include photographs
.
9. Technical Centre Discusses oil-flooded screw compressors including a complete
system
flow diagram
10. Tischer, J., Utter, R: Scroll Machine Using Discharge Pressure For Axial Seal
ing, U.S.
Patent 4522575, 1985.
11. Caillat, J., Weatherston, R., Bush, J: Scroll-Type Machine with Axially Compl
iant
Mounting, U.S. Patent 4767293, 1988.
12. Richardson, Jr., Hubert: Scroll Compressor With Orbiting Scroll Member Biased
By Oil
Pressure, U.S. Patent 4875838, 1989.
13. http://www.turbocor.com/literature/pdfs/articles/frictionless.pdf
14. http://www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/61300853
15. http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-frictionless-compressor-technology
16. http://www.mechengg.net/2015/09/seminar-on-frictionless-compressor.html
Mechanical Engineering- RIET