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APCBEE Procedia 5 (2013) 279 282

ICESD 2013: January 19-20, Dubai, UAE

Removal of Reactive Dyes from Textile Dyeing Industrial

Effluent by Ozonation Process
Suphitcha Wijannaronga , Sayam Aroonsrimorakota, Patana Thavipokea,
Acharaporn Kumsopaa and Suntree Sangjanb
a

Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University,Salaya campus, Nakhonpathom 73170 Thailand
Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhonpathom 73140 Thailand

Abstract
The wastewater contained reactive dyes was ozonated in a batch reactor. In the experiment, the tank reactor which
controls the temperature was 35 oC. and water samples were collected at 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90,120, 150, 180, 240, 300
and 360 minutes, respectively. Results of decolorization showed that the color of wastewater is reduced when the reaction
times increased. At reaction times 5 and 120 minutes, the decolorization efficiency is 32.83 % and 56.82 %, respectively.
However, the wastewater after primary experimental still have color although the intensity of color will be soft.The
ozonation can reduce color in the wastewater more than 90% at reaction times 6 hours.

2013
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ElsevierbyB.V.
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Authors.by
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Elsevier
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Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society
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Environmental
Engineering
Society
Keywords: Reactive dyes; Ozonation; Reaction times; Decolorization

1. Introduction
Effluents from textile industry is a major cause of water pollution. In general, textile wastewater contain
high concentrations of organic compounds, heavy metals, high temperature, high COD, high pH and strong
color[3]. Textile wastewater is once a source of pollution, which could have effects on the ecology and
environmental [1]. The color of wastewater are affects the aesthetic of water resource, stop the reoxygenation

Corresponding author. Tel.: +66-2441-5000 Ext.2304; fax: +66 2441 9509-10.

E-mail address: booka_bokakub@hotmail.com

2212-6708 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society
doi:10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.048

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capacity of the receiving water by obstruct sun-light [6] and interfering with aquatic biological processes that
changes to the balance of the ecosystem.
Reactive dyes are one of the important commercial synthetic dyes and used in the basic fabric exports in
the textile industry. Because they are retain color under exposure to sunlight, high solubility in water but the
price will be the highest. However,when dyes contaminated in the wastewater ,they are very difficult to treat
with the physical or biodegradation. The chemical oxidation using oxidizing agents such as ozone, chlorine,
hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate etc[5], which is commonly used in alternative treatments.
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent so that have been developed for treatment of drinking water and
pollution[2]. In general, the dye molecules will have chromophore group which is an organic compound is a
ring (cyclic compound), double bond or single bond. The ozonation will oxidize double bonds at the chemical
bonds of dye molecules chromophore group by ozone.
In this paper, study the efficiency decolorization of reactive dyes solutions of Nova cron super black G
and Terasil red ww 3BS, including wastewater from dyeing process using ozone as an oxidant at various
conditions. Effects of pH and reaction time on the decolorization efficiency were examined.
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Materials
The textile wastewater was obtained from the textile dyeing factory of Nakhonpathom, Thailand. The
wastewater was collected in polyethylene bottles which were stored in the refrigerator before experiments
and treatments. The characteristics of this textile wastewater are shown in Table 1.
Two types of dyes tested were Nova cron super black G and Terasil red ww 3BS. They were purchased
from Cascada (Thailand) Co.Ltd in Bangkok.
Ozone was generated using ozone generator from Department of physics, Faculty of Liberal Arts and
Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhonpathom. Ozone generator generated from
dry air and using water as the cooling medium. The reactor made from pyrex and 2 liter capacity. Fig 1 shown
the experimental system in this decolorization study.
Table 1 Characteristics of this textile wastewater

Parameter
pH
Temperature (oC)
COD (mg L-1)
BOD (mg L-1)

Range
8.6-9.3
30-45
160-332
59-129

Average
9.0
35
220
72.7

2.2. Analytical procedures

The test water was prepared from reactive dyes of Nova cron super black G and Terasil red ww 3BS with
a concentration equal to the wastewater. For every experiment the reactor was filled with 500 mL. of
wastewater and dye solution. The test water (wastewater, Nova cron super black G and Terasil red ww 3BS
solution) was treated with ozone and control the temperature was 35 C throughout the experiment.The dye
concentration data during decolorization was detected by spectrophotometry. Oxidation of test water with
ozone was examined in this study. The efficiency of color removal (or decolorization) were defined by the
following expressions:

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Suphitcha Wijannarong et al. / APCBEE Procedia 5 (2013) 279 282

Decolorization (%) =

A0 - At

x 100

(1)

A0
When A0 are initial absorbance and At are absorbance at time t

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing the experimental system.

3. Results and discussions

Wastewater samples were collected from the dyeing factory which be diluted to scan the absorbance with a
UV/Visible spectrophotometer to measured the maximum
max). For dye solutions, prepared by
diluting the dyes (Nova cron super black G and Terasil red ww 3BS) is equal to the concentration of
wastewater. Then bring to dilute for scan the maximum
max) of each color and made standard
curve of dyes. When the solution of dyes measured absorbance at the maximum wavelength ( max) with
UV/Visible spectrophotometer showed that a solutions dyes of Nova cron super black G, Terasil red ww 3BS
and the wastewater with max at 596, 393 and 396 nm , respectively.
Fig. 2 shows the decolorization of wastewater containing reactive dyes by ozonation in a batch reactor. By
preparing a volume of 500 ml of wastewater is put into the tank reactor which controls the temperature was 35
o
C. Then began treatment with ozone and water samples were collected at 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150,
180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes, respectively.The color of wastewater was analyzed using a Jasco V-630
spectrophotometer at wavelength 396 nm. Fig. 2 shows that color of wastewater is reduced when the reaction
times increased.
At 1 hour, the decolorization efficiency is 48.51 %. When the reaction times was increased, the
decolorization efficiency was increased 78.29 % and 92.20 % at reaction times 4 and 6 hours, respectively.

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a)

b)

Fig. 2. Effect of reaction times on wastewater decolorization efficiency. a) Wastewater before ozone treatment. b) Wastewater after ozone
treatment for 2 hours.

When ozone gas is transfered into water, the dissolved ozone reacts with the organic and inorganic
compound, including any pathogens.The initial reaction of ozone with chromophores group of dyes in
wastewater, ozone can react with organic compounds at double bond of carbon, nitrogen (C = C, N = N) and
aromatic rings. The cause is a product of destroy of the bonds. The begining of the first two hour reaction, the
decolorization was potentially less and the color was still remained because the complexity of the
intermediate molecules occurred of various types. At the result, the ozone generator could not produce enough
ozone to react with the polluted water.
Ozone can decompose to oxygen by split to radical such as hydroxyl radical (OH ), OH3, OH4 and super
oxide (O2 -). The radical that occurs is very strong oxidant to react with various substances. From past
research, the researchers demonstrated that the rate of decomposition of ozone is correlated with temperature,
pH and concentration of organic and inorganic compound [4]. The next step of this study will study the
factors that affect on the capability of ozone for treatment of wastewater and two types of reactive dyes tested
(Nova cron super black G and Terasil red ww 3BS). The factors studied were pH and the COD removal
efficiency of the decolrization.
References
[1] Chen, T.Y., Kao, C.M. Hong, A., Lin,C.E. and Liang,S.H. Application of ozone on the decolorization of reactive dyes -orange13 and blue-19; 2009.
[2] Diaper, E.W.J. Tertiary treatment by microstraining. Water and sewage works; 1969:116,6, p.202.
[3] Environmental Engineering Association of Thailand. The treatments of wastewater from textile and dyeing factories; 2001.
[4] Hoign J. and H. Bader. Role of hydroxyl radical reactions in ozonation processes in aqueous solutions; 1976: Water
res.10,p.377.
[5] Konsowa, A.H. Decolorization of wastewater containing direct dye by ozonation in a batch bubble column reactor; 2003:
desalination 158, p.233-240.
[6] Xu, X.R.,Li, H.B., Wang, W.H. and Gu, J.D. Decolorization of dyes and textile wastewater by potassium permanganate;
2005:Chemosphere 59, p.893-898.