REPORT ON EXPERIMENT 1

METALS AND METAL IONS

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements

Reactivity of te elements
Reaction 1 Observations
Reaction 2 Observations
Reaction 3 Observations
Question to answere:
Would you expect elements below lithium in group 1 of the Periodic Table to be more or less
reactive?
write an equation for the reaction of lithium with water.
Why does Magnesium react differently in the two tests above?
Detection of the ions
Identifiying ions
SODIUM my observations:
POTASSIUM my observations:
MAGNESIUM my observations:
CALCIUM my observations:
Questions
1. what is the likely precipitate formed when magnesium ion is mixed with ammonia solution?
(ammonium hydroxide)?
2. Write an ionic equation for the reaction happening between calcium ion and sodium sulfate
solution.
identifiying Unknown Ions in a Mixture (Record your Unknown Number!)
Answer: The ions present in unknown
are
and
how i arrived at the above result (by method):
Developing a Test for an Ions
My method for testing for Barium ion in the presence of Calcium and Strontiom ions:
Removal of Alkali Metal Ions from Solution
Stage 1 observations (testing your solution for Potassium ion)
Stage 2 observations (precipitating Potassium)
Stage 3 observations (retesting the filtrate for above for potassium)

Aqua Cations and their Hydrolysis

The pH value of the solutions determined are:
0.001 M Fe (NO3)3 solution = .............................
0.01 M Cr(NO3)3 solution = ................................
0.1 M Al(NO3)3 solution = ...................................
1.0 M Zn(NO3)2 solution = ..................................

Calculating Percentage Hydrolysis

From pH = - log[H+], we can determine proton concentration via [H+] = 10 pH Use the letter
expression to determine acid concentration in each metal ion solution.
The [H+] values of the solutions determined are:
0.001 M Fe (NO3)3 solution = .............................
0.01 M Cr(NO3)3 solution = ................................
0.1 M Al(NO3)3 solution = ...................................
1.0 M Zn(NO3)2 solution = ..................................
For the equilibrium
[M(OH2)6]n+ = [M(OH2)5(OH)](n-1)+ + H+
The concentration of [M(OH2)5(OH)(n-1)+] = [H+], and so the above [H+] values also represent the
concentration of the hydrolysed metal ion(X).
So the percent of hydrolysis = (x/[M]) x 100%
(where [M] = the initial concentration of the metal salt ions is)
% the percent hydrolysis calculated for the various ions is:
Fe(NO3)3 solution = .................................%
Cr(NO3)3 solution = .................................%
Al(NO3)3 solution = .................................%
Zn(NO3)2 solution = .................................%
Hydroxy Complex Ions
The results of my tests are

Metal ion
Zn2+
Fe3+
Pb2+
Cr3+
Al2+
Mg2+

Observations When : .................

Solution just alkaline

Excess hydroxide added

Question
What do the complekx ions look like? Based on your current chemical knowledge, draw a
possible shape for the complex ion [Zn (OH) ] -.
4

[Hint: One idea is to use methane, CH 4, as a model.]

Question
What is the name given to metal hydroxyde (or oxide), insoluble in near neural solution, that is
soluble in bith strongly acidic and strongly basic solution? See Kotz & Treichel, Ed 4, p.829 -.
830, 5 Ed. p.722.
Question
Hydroxyde ion forms from removal of one proton from a water molecule. Write the equilibrium for
futher deprotonation of the hydroxyde ion (which generates the oxide or oxo ion).
Question
What is the likely product of dehydration of (that is, water loss from) Cu (OH) ?
2

Transition Metal Complexes

Observation on Reactions:

Reaction 1: Complex of ammonia

Reaction 2: Complex of chloride ion

Reaction 3: Complex of Acetate

Reaction 4: Complex of Thiocyanate

Reaction 5: Complex of Dipyridine

SIGNED OUT BY DEMONSTRATOR ...........................................
MARK ......................................