SHORT QUESTIONS

Q1. What is synapse? Mention its role.

Q2. Write two applications of optical fibres.
Q3. List any two air-borne and any two food-borne diseases of humans.
Q4. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable energy resources.
Q5. Write about any two technological achievements of Bronze Age.
Q6. In a food chain explain why the number of trophic levels are seldom more
than four and five.
Q7. List the four types of resource maps.
Q8. Which two factors determine the energy requirement of a person in a day?
Q9. Classify the following as infectious or non-infectious diseases: Leprosy,
Haemophilia, Mumps,
and Arthritis
Q10. What is the difference between a red giant and a neutron star?
Q11. What factors decide the broad areas of scientific activity?
Q12. What are fossils? Where have the first human fossils been found?
Q13. Briefly mention any two popular means of mass communications in India.
Q14. State two examples where bio-technology was helped Indian agricultural
produce.
Q15. What is ergonomics? Give one example.
Q16. Briefly mention the development of implements and tools during the Stone
Age.
Q17. Briefly discuss the advances in the areas of Chemistry and Botany during
Iron Age.
Q18. What is the theory of Spontaneous Generation?
Q19. Describe the theory of chemical evolution that explains the origin of life on
Earth.
Q20. Briefly describe any five technical innovations of Medieval India.
Q21. Write any five features of the planet Saturn.
Q22. What are Vitamins? List the functions and sources of any four Vitamins.
Q23. What is nuclear fission? Discuss the risk associated with it.
Q24. What do you understand by the terms Saline and Alkaline Soils? How can
they be reclaimed?
Q25. Briefly comment on the works of Aryabhatta and Varahamihira in the field
of astronomy.

Q26. Describe the theory of chemical evolution that explains the origin of life on
Earth.
Q27. What features in Indian society led to the decline of Science in the postGupta period?
Q28. List five major scientific and technical developments during the
renaissance.
Q29. What is aging? Discuss the different symptoms of aging.
Q30. Describe the notable contributions in Science during Freedom Movement.
Q31. Discuss the aspects of management of water resources.
Q32. What has been the impact of population increase on environment?
Q33. What is AIDS? Discuss the different modes of HIV Transmission.
Q34. What observations led to the discovery of Neptune and Pluto? Why is the
search of Planet X still on?
Q35. State the reasons why there were such few developments in Science in
British India.
Q36. Explain the term Artificial Intelligence.
Q37. Explain the terms producers, consumers and decomposers by giving
appropriate examples.
Q38. What are the important environmental considerations that should be taken
into account while implementing technology policy?
Q39. Name two types of waste products that can be reused after recycling.
Describe the process of recycling for any one of the products mentioned by you.
Q40. Explain about Arid Zones and Hilly Regions.
Q41. What is meant by lead times of scientific discovery? Explain giving two
examples.
Q42. Explain how vaccination helps to resist diseases.
Q43. What is the ideal way of pest management?
Q44. Discuss the factors that affect the psychological stability of an astronaut in
space.
Q45. What is carbon dating? How is the age of fossils determined?
Q46. Oceans are known as the largest and thickest ecosystems. Justify this
statement.
Q47. Briefly explain the impacts of Millers experiment on the classical theories
of origin of life.
Q48. Explain the water cycle with help of a diagram only.
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Very Short Questions:

1) What is meant by essential amino acids?
2) What is artificial satellite?
3) Photochemical Smog
4) Bio-technology
5) Big-Bang Theory
6) Hormones
7) Non-renewable source of energy
8) Displaced aggression
9) Protein Calorie Malnutrition
10) Semi-conductors
11) Comets
12) Genetic Engineering

Q49. Why was the Roman phase of Iron Age marked by stagnation of Science?
Q50. What is meant by the term Cybernetics?
Q51. What is Solar Wind?
Q52. Name in a sequence the four main stages of human evolution. Which
showed bipedal structure for the first time.
Q53.Differentiate between chemical evolution and biological evolution.
Q54. How does feedback mechanism check water loss from Kidney?
Q56. How did the ozone layer get depleted?
Q57. What did Ivan Pavlov conclude from his experiments with the dog?
Q58.What is a Systematic approach in the use of Science and Tech for the
welfare of society.
Q59. Name any two scientists of the colonial era and also their contributions.
Q60. Write two applications of LASER.
Q61. List two factors that could have led to the end of Stone Age.
Q62. In what ways did television affected human society?
Q63. Explain the concept of cosmic distance. List four features that distinguish a
radio telescope from the optical telescope.
Q64. Describe Pasteurs experiment that discovered the theory of spontaneous
generation.
Q65. What is cognitive learning? Explain the various aspects of cognitive
learning.

Q66. The cost of raw materials and labour in the country are cheaper as
compared to other countries, yet the cost of finished product is much higher.
Justify the statement.
Q67. Do you think stability leads to social stagnation and eventually to
stagnation in Science? Justify your answer with suitable examples.
Q68. How does the stimulus and response methodology help in learning process?
Give examples.
Q69. What developments took place in the field of chemistry and astronomy in
medieval India?
Q70. What is meant by nutritional deficiency diseases? Give the cause and
symptoms of two such diseases.
Q71. Differentiate- Food-Chain and Food-Web
Q72. Differentiate- Galaxy and Solar Systems
Q73. What is semi-conductor? Write any four applications of devices?
Q74.Is technology essential for our industries? With the help of two examples,
explain what would happen if we continue to use age-old methods.
Q75. Differentiate between quasars and pulsars.
Q76. Give two applications of optical fibres in medicine and telecommunication
Q77. Name two areas where we do not depend on imported technology
Q78. What are the salient features of mixed, and relay-cropping systems?
Q79. The theories of Science are influenced by the general intellectual
atmosphere and ideas prevailing in the society. Justify the statement with the
help of suitable examples.
Q80. What factors were responsible for the breakdown of feudal economy?
Q81. Why is social forestry important for a farmer?
Q82. Mention salient problems associated with modern agriculture.
Q83. Describe two evidences that support the evolution of homo-sapiens.
Q84. Explain the principle of remote sensing method for exploring natural
resources.
Q85. Describe Keplers Law of Planetary motion.
Q86. Explain the carbon cycle with help of a labelled diagram.
Q87. Describe in brief the structural components of Central Nervous System.
Q88. Who, in the society, should decide about the purpose and scope of Science?
Q89.What is algal boom? Who is Lucy?
Q90. Some psychologists consider aggression as natural instinct while others
call it learned response. State one argument in favour of each.

Q91. State the difference between Inductive Logic and Deductive Logic.
Q92. Why is mars called Red Planet and in what ways is it similar to Earth.
Q93. Name one disease each spread by air, water, food and contact.
Q94. How do forests regulate precipitation?
Q95. What is adolescence? Write briefly the changes that occur during
adolescence.
Q96. State the differences between palaeontology and archaeology.
Q97. Explain Darwins theory of Natural Selection. Why was it not acceptable to
most people of that time?
LONG QUESTIONS

Q1. Socio-economic needs of growing cities and trade between the cities in
Bronze Age give rise to many broad areas of quantitative science. Elaborate the
statement.
Q2. What is technology forecasting? Why is it an important area of study today?
Q3. Discuss the features of social organization in the Gupta Empire that greatly
improved Science and Technology.
Q4. Taking pond as an ecosystem, write five of its biotic components and classify
them as producers, consumers and decomposers.
Q5. With the help of neat labelled diagram describe the feedback mechanism
which checks the loss of water from kidneys in the human body. What is it
technically known as?
Q6. Describe the various ways by which the human battles against germs. How
does vaccination protect us from disease?
Q6. Use examples to explain the roles of memory, reasoning, analysis and
synthesis in learning process.
Q7. What do you understand by recycling? How recycling of wastes improves
resource utilization?
Q8. Describe the developments in Science and Technology in India, from the
fourth Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D.
Q9. What are endocrine glands? List major types of endocrine glands. Give
functions of any five of them.
Q10. In your opinion what are our social objectives? How can Science and
technology help in achieving these objectives?
Q11. Would you agree with the statement that Prevention is better than cure?
What preventive measures are suggested for public health?

Q12. Till the mid-sixteenth century, Science in India was more or less at par with
that in Europe. State in detail the reasons which retarded the growth of Science
in India thereafter.
Q13. What is biotechnology? Describe its main techniques. List two applications
each in the field of medicine and agriculture.
Q14. Science influences social edifice, an in turn society influences scientific
developments.
Q15. What is hypothesis? Giving suitable examples, describe inductive and
deductive logic to frame a hypothesis.
Q16. With the help of suitable examples, discuss the social function of Science.
Q17. What do you mean by alternate food resources? Briefly discuss the
advancements our country has made in their production.