Sine and Cosine Rule (SL)

1.

The following diagram shows triangle ABC.

diagram not to scale

AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and ABC = 120.

(a)

Find AC.
(3)

(b)

Find BAC .
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

2.

There is a vertical tower TA of height 36 m at the base A of a hill. A straight path goes up the
hill from A to a point U. This information is represented by the following diagram.

The path makes a 4 angle with the horizontal.

The point U on the path is 25 m away from the base of the tower.
The top of the tower is fixed to U by a wire of length x m.

(a)

Complete the diagram, showing clearly all the information above.

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(3)

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(b)

Find x.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)

3.

The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD with obtuse angles ABC and ADC .

diagram not to scale

AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 4 cm, BAC = 30, ABC = x, ADC = y.

(a)

Use the cosine rule to show that AC =

41 40 cos x .
(1)

(b)

Use the sine rule in triangle ABC to find another expression for AC.
(2)

(c)

(i)

Hence, find x, giving your answer to two decimal places.

(ii)

Find AC.
(6)

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(d)

(i)

Find y.

(ii)

Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ACD.

(5)
(Total 14 marks)

4.

The diagram below shows a circle with centre O and radius 8 cm.

diagram not to scale

The points A, B, C, D, E and F are on the circle, and [AF] is a diameter. The length of arc ABC
is 6 cm.

(a)

Find the size of angle AOC.

(2)

(b)

Hence find the area of the shaded region.

(6)

The area of sector OCDE is 45 cm .

(c)

Find the size of angle COE.

(2)

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(d)

Find EF.
(5)
(Total 15 marks)

5.

The following diagram shows the triangle ABC.

diagram not to scale

2

The angle at C is obtuse, AC = 5 cm, BC = 13.6 cm and the area is 20 cm .

(a)

Find ACB .
(4)

(b)

Find AB.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

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6.

The circle shown has centre O and radius 3.9 cm.

diagram not to scale

Points A and B lie on the circle and angle AOB is 1.8 radians.

(a)

Find AB.
(3)

(b)

Find the area of the shaded region.

(4)
(Total 7 marks)

7.

The diagram below shows a triangle ABD with AB = 13 cm and AD = 6.5 cm.
Let C be a point on the line BD such that BC = AC = 7 cm.

diagram not to scale

(a)

Find the size of angle ACB.

(3)

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(b)

Find the size of angle CAD.

(5)
(Total 8 marks)

8.

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.

diagram not to scale

The points A, B and C lie on the circle. The point D is outside the circle, on (OC).
Angle ADC = 0.3 radians and angle AOC = 0.8 radians.

(a)

Find AD.
(3)

(b)

Find OD.
(4)

(c)

Find the area of sector OABC.

(2)

(d)

Find the area of region ABCD.

(4)
(Total 13 marks)

9.

The diagram below shows triangle PQR. The length of [PQ] is 7 cm, the length of [PR] is

10 cm, and PQR is 75.

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(a)

Find PQR.
(3)

(b)

Find the area of triangle PQR.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

10.

A ship leaves port A on a bearing of 030. It sails a distance of 25 km to point B.

At B, the ship changes direction to a bearing of 100. It sails a distance of 40 km to reach point
C. This information is shown in the diagram below.

diagram not to scale

A second ship leaves port A and sails directly to C.

(a)

Find the distance the second ship will travel.

(4)

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(b)

Find the bearing of the course taken by the second ship.

(3)
(Total 7 marks)

11.

A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. One side of the triangle, [AC], is 104 m, a second side,
[AB], is 65 m and the angle between these two sides is 60.
(a)

Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of the third side of the field.
(3)

(b)

3
Given that sin 60= 2 , find the area of the field in the form 3 p 3 where p is an
integer.
(3)

Let D be a point on [BC] such that [AD] bisects the 60 angle. The farmer divides the field into
two parts A1 and A2 by constructing a straight fence [AD] of length x metres, as shown on the
diagram below.

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(c)

(i)

65x
Show that the area of A1 is given by 4 .

(ii)

Find a similar expression for the area of A2.

(iii)

Hence, find the value of x in the form q 3 , where q is an integer.

(7)

(d)

(i)

Explain why sinADC sinADB .

(ii)

BD 5

Use the result of part (i) and the sine rule to show that DC 8 .
(5)
(Total 18 marks)

12.

In the triangle PQR, PR = 5 cm, QR = 4 cm and PQ = 6 cm.

Calculate
(a)

the size of PQR ;

(b)

the area of triangle PQR.

(Total 6 marks)

13.

The following diagram shows a pentagon ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm, BD = 7.1
E = 52 and AB
D = 60.
cm, AED =110, AD

(a)

Find AD.
(4)

(b)

Find DE.

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10

(4)

(c)

2
The area of triangle BCD is 5.68 cm . Find DBC .
(4)

(d)

Find AC.
(4)

(e)

Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.

(5)
(Total 21 marks)

14.

In a triangle ABC, AB = 4 cm, AC = 3 cm and the area of the triangle is 4.5 cm .

Find the two possible values of the angle BAC .

Working:

Answer:
..
(Total 6 marks)

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11

15.

The points P, Q, R are three markers on level ground, joined by straight paths PQ, QR, PR as

shown in the diagram. QR = 9 km, PQR = 35, PRQ = 25.

P

Q
(a)

35

9 km

25

Diagram not to scale

Find the length PR.

(3)

(b)

Tom sets out to walk from Q to P at a steady speed of 8 km h . At the same time, Alan
1
sets out to jog from R to P at a steady speed of a km h . They reach P at the same time.
Calculate the value of a.
(7)

(c)

The point S is on [PQ], such that RS = 2QS, as shown in the diagram.

P
S
Q

Find the length QS.

(6)
(Total 16 marks)

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12

16.

The diagram below shows a circle, centre O, with a radius 12 cm. The chord AB subtends at an
angle of 75 at the centre. The tangents to the circle at A and at B meet at P.

A
12 cm
O

75

d ia g r a m n o t to
s c a le

(a)

Using the cosine rule, show that the length of AB is 12

21 cos 75

.
(2)

(b)

Find the length of BP.

(3)

(c)

Hence find
(i)

the area of triangle OBP;

(ii)

the area of triangle ABP.

(4)

(d)

Find the area of sector OAB.

(2)

(e)

Find the area of the shaded region.

(2)
(Total 13 marks)

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13

17.

Two boats A and B start moving from the same point P. Boat A moves in a straight line at
1
1
20 km h and boat B moves in a straight line at 32 km h . The angle between their paths is
70.
Find the distance between the boats after 2.5 hours.
Working:

Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

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14

18.

The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which AC = 7 2 , BC = 6, ABC = 45.

A
2
7 2

D ia g r a m
n o t to s c a le
B

(a)

45
6

6
2

Use the fact that sin 45 = 2 to show that sin BAC = 7 .

(2)

The point D is on (AB), between A and B, such that sin BDC = 7 .

(b)

(i)

Write down the value of BDC + BAC .

(ii)

Calculate the angle BCD.

(iii)

Find the length of [BD].

(6)

(c)

Area of BDC
BD
Show that Area of BAC = BA .
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

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15

19.

= 48, as shown in the diagram.

In triangle ABC, AC = 5, BC = 7, A
C
5
A

48

d ia g r a m n o t to s c a le

Find B, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree.

Working:

Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

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16

20.

The following diagram shows a triangle with sides 5 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm.

7
8

Diagram not to scale

Find
(a)

the size of the smallest angle, in degrees;

(b)

the area of the triangle.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

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17

21.

The diagrams below show two triangles both satisfying the conditions

AB = 20 cm, AC = 17 cm, ABC = 50.

Diagrams not
to scale
T ria n g le 1

T ria n g le 2

(a)

Calculate the size of ACB in Triangle 2.

(b)

Calculate the area of Triangle 1.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

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18

22.

In the diagram below, the points O(0, 0) and A(8, 6) are xed. The angle OPA
varies as the point P(x, 10) moves along the horizontal line y = 10.

P (x , 1 0 )

y=10

A (8 , 6 )

O (0 , 0 )

x
Diagram to scale

(a)

AP

x 2 16 x 80.

(i)

Show that

(ii)

Write down a similar expression for OP in terms of x.

(2)

(b)

Hence, show that

cos OPA

x 2 8 x 40
{( x 2 16 x 80)( x 2 100)}

,
(3)

(c)

Find, in degrees, the angle OPA when x = 8.

(2)

(d)

Find the positive value of x such that OPA 60 .

(4)

Let the function f be dened by

f ( x) cos OPA

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x 2 8 x 40
{( x 2 16 x 80)( x 2 100)}

, 0 x 15.

19

(e)

Consider the equation f (x) = 1.

(i)

Explain, in terms of the position of the points O, A, and P, why this

equation has a solution.

(ii)

Find the exact solution to the equation.

(5)
(Total 16 marks)

23.

Town A is 48 km from town B and 32 km from town C as shown in the diagram.

C
32km
A
48km

Given that town B is 56 km from town C, find the size of angle CAB to the nearest degree.

Working:

Answer:
....................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

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24.

The diagram shows a vertical pole PQ, which is supported by two wires fixed to the horizontal
ground at A and B.
P

36
30

70

A
BQ = 40 m
Q
PB
= 36

Q
BA
= 70
Q
AB
= 30

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21

Find
(a)

the height of the pole, PQ;

(b)

the distance between A and B.

Working:

Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

25.

A triangle has sides of length 4, 5, 7 units. Find, to the nearest tenth of a degree, the size of the
largest angle.
Working:

Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

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