Diccionario de Escalas

1 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.
html
Scale theory
What is a scale? The easiest way to explain scales is like a collection of notes that of a musical reason
have been grouped together. The benefit of knowing scales like areas in music is that you know how to
orient yourself among notes. This will among other things give you a foundation for improvising notes in
a
particular
scale
always
sound
good
played
together
and composing.
You don't have to read notes to be able to learn scales (but it is always good to be acquainted with reading notes).
Neither do you have to know a lot of chords, but if you already know some chords the scales will be much easier to
relate to and subsequently memorize. And by knowing scales you will be able to learn chord easier - chords derive
from scales.
Fundamentals
In many cases a scale consists of seven notes this is the case of the major and minor scales. The scales are also
octave-repeating which means the pattern of notes is the same regardless if you play a scale on the left, the middle or
the right side of the keyboard.
On a full scale piano, there are a total of 88 keys, but there are only twelve different notes which are repeated from
low to high tones, from the base to the treble.
In the illustration above you can see twelve tones that make one octave and these notes also form a Chromatic
Scale). One important thing is that C# is sometimes written Db and D# is sometimes written Eb and so on. These are
calledenharmonic notes and how they are written depends on the key they belong to. The symbols after the letter
(accidentals) are known as sharps and flats. C# is spelled "C sharp" and Db is spelled "D flat". This is of course only
theory, but is nevertheless good to know about.
Let's
take
the
major
scale
as
an
example:
2 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html
The
notes
Let's
The
are
now
notes
are
look
at
the
Bb
F#
G.
major
scale:
F.
We have seen two different scales where we use sharps (#) and flats (b). The rule that decides if the note
is raised orlowered depends on the intervals between notes in the scale. In the examples above F# is a raised F and
Bb
is
lowered
B.
On some occasions you may observe two sharps or flats in adjunction to a described note in a piano score. These are
called double-sharps and double-flats. The reason these are used needs a theoretical explanation. Let us take the key
of D# as an example, this key includes both D# and D, but to make it functional in a score with a key signature it
should
be
D#
and
C##
otherwise
you
would
be
lured
to
play
D#
instead
of
D.
The same thing sometimes occurs then the notes of scales or chords are written out. For example, the C# Major Scale
could correctly be written: C#, D#, F, F#, G#, A#, B#, C#. Notice that B# is written instead of C. B# is not existing
in reality and the note should be played as a C. (On Pianoscales.org C is sometimes written instead of B## anyway to
avoid confusing. There is many beginners using the sites and things like B## would clearly confuse some of these and
in the overviews the formally correct notes are presented below.)
Changing keys and scales

Music pieces are written in a certain key, like Brandenburg Concerto No 1 in F Major by J.S. Bach. It would be feasible
to re-arrange this concerto to another key, like for example D Major. It would still be the same to a large extent, but
thetimbre would be different.
Tonality
Most songs start and end with the same tone which is the first note, or tonic, in the scale. Then you play notes from a
scale you could hear that the music seems to gravitate towards the first note, it is like some tension is left until you
have reach that first note. This phenomenon is called tonality.
Scale degrees
There is also something called scale degrees that refer to the relations of every particular note in the scale in a
general
Tonic
basis.
(I)
Super
Mediant
the
These
first
tonic
(III)
Subdominant
note
of
(II)
third
(IV)
roman
scale
that
second
numbers
the
scale
scale
degree
with
fourth
scale
degree,
Dominant
Submediant
have
is
based
degree,
position
fifth
(V)
(VI)
scale
as
you
upon,
one
halfway
below
tonic
fifth
sixth
scale
degree
see
sometimes
step
between
the
can
the
called
above
tonic
and
next
below:
the
the
tonic.
and
the
dominant.
to
the
dominant.
scale
and
root.
degree
sometimes
called supermediant.
Subtonic (VII) seventh scale degree which is also referred to as leading tone because it musically "leads" back to
the
tonic.
Why should you learn these terms? One great thing about knowing them is that you can have a better
understanding of scales and chords in an abstract way. For one of many reasons, this will help you in
transposing
music
to
another
key
and
give
you
hints
while
you
are
composing
music.
To show a concrete example: in blues you very often use the tonic (I), subdominant (IV) and the dominant (V). This,
for example, can be a chord progression and by knowing this theoretical relationship you can play blues in all keys by
using the same intervals.
Intervals
Intervals in music describe the distance between two notes. The most common intervals that you should be familiar
with are: prime, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and octave. See these intervals illustrated below:
Intervals can also be used to describe the structure of a scale category. For example, the Major Scale can be written
like: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and the Natural Minor can be written like: 1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6, b7, referring to the intervals.
Steps
Another way to describe the structure of a scale is with the word steps which refer to the distance between notes. The
most often used terms are half steps and whole steps. Between C and C# there is one half step and between C and D
there
is
one
whole
steps.
In the scale overviews on this site you will see "semi-notes" (equivalent to half steps) and "formulas" used also to
describe the scales. It is mainly the same thing only described in different ways. For the Major Scale this will look like:
2 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 (semi-notes) and Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half (formula).
Basic music terms for piano

Here you will find information that helps you understand terms that often turns up on piano sheets.
Dynamics in music and the abbreviations

On piano sheets you will often find abbreviations like pp, mf and so on. The abbreviations stand for Italian terms
which are directions for the dynamics, in other words, how soft or loud you should play. The abbreviations for
dynamics
and
their
meanings
are:
(piano)
pp
soft
(pianissimo)
very
mp
(mezzo
piano)
mf
(mezzo
forte)
soft.
moderately
soft
moderately
loud
(forte)
ff
loud
(fortissimo)
Besides
these
terms,
you
very
could
Crescendo
find
directions
loud
for
gradual
changes:
gradually
louder.
Decrescendo gradually softer.
Tempo in music and used terms

There is also common use to indicate the tempo with Italian terms. As well as the other terms in this overview these
are
often
Largo
written
out
on
the
piano
sheet
and
some
of
very
Adagio
Andante
most
common
are
listed
below:
slow
slow
walking
Moderato
pace
moderately
Allegro
Vivace
the
fast
very
For your reference, a moderately tempo is around 100 beats per minute.
fast
Moods in music and used terms

Another thing that can turn up on piano sheets is indications of moods. These are instructions that lead you to a right
expression than you play. There is of course room for a personal approach in the manner of expression, but these
mood indications can be seen as guidelines.
Cantabile in a singing style

Con amore with love
Con brio with spirit
Dolce sweetly
Furioso with passion
Scherzando playfully
Piano Major Scales

Piano Major Scales are the most important scales: firstly because they are very common and, secondly,
because they are fundamental to your understanding of keys. If you hear someone mention that a piano
sonata by the composer and pianist Franz Shubert is played in A Major this means that it depends on the
A scale. It is also common that piano pieces are named like A Minor this accordingly refers to a minor
scale.
Here we will focus on major scales. You can scroll down and see illustrations of all major scales, further down you will
see an overview with all the notes and the intervals, semi-tones and finally the formula of the major scale. This theory
helps you learn the concepts and memorizing it easier. See also major scales exercises.
C Major
Notes: C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C
Fingerings (LH): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D Major
Notes: D, E, F#, G, A, B, C#, D

Fingerings (LH): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
E Major
Notes: E, F#, G#, A, B, C#, D#, E

Fingerings (LH): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
F Major
Notes: F, G, A, Bb, C, D, E, F
Fingerings (LH): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4
G Major
Notes: G, A, B, C, D, E, F#, G
Fingerings (LH): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

A Major
Notes: A, B, C#, D, E, F#, G#, A

Fingerings (LH): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B Major
Notes: B, C#, D#, E, F#, G#, A#, B

Fingerings (LH): 4, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C# / Db Major
Notes: Db, Eb, F, Gb, Ab, Bb, C, Db

Fingerings (LH): 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3
Fingerings (RH): 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2
D# / Eb Major
Notes: Eb, F, G, Ab, Bb, C, D, Eb

Fingerings (LH): 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3
Fingerings (RH): 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3
F# /Gb Major
Notes: F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D#, F, F#

Fingerings (LH): 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4
Fingerings (RH): 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2
G# / Ab Major
Notes: Ab, Bb, C, Db, Eb, F, G, Ab

Fingerings (LH): 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3
Fingerings (RH): 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
A# / Bb Major
Notes: Bb, C, D, Eb, F, G, A, Bb

Fingerings (LH): 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3
Fingerings (RH): 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4
Major Scales overview
C: C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C
C#/Db: C#, D#, F, F#, G#, A#, B#, C# / Db, Eb, F, Gb, Ab, Bb, C, Db
D: D, E, F#, G, A, B, C#, D
D#/Eb: D#, E#, F##, G#, A#, B#, C##, D# / D#, Eb, F, G, Ab, Bb, C, D, Eb
E: E, F#, G#, A, B, C#, D#, E
F: F, G, A, Bb, C, D, E, F
F#/Gb: F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D#, E#, F# / Gb, Ab, Bb, Cb, Db, Eb, F, Gb
G: G, A, B, C, D, E, F#, G
G#/Ab: G#, A#, B#, C#, D#, E#, F##, G# / Ab, Bb, C, Db, Eb, F, G, Ab
A: A, B, C#, D, E, F#, G#, A
A#/Bb: A#, B#, C##, D#, E#, F##, G##, A# / Bb, C, D, Eb, F, G, A, Bb
B: B, C#, D#, E, F#, G#, A#, B
Fingerings: 1 = Thumb | 2 = index finger | 3 = middle finger | 4 = ring finger | 5 = little finger.
LH = Left hand | RH = Right hand
Intervals and steps

Interval: 1, 2, 3
Semi-notes: 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 1
Formula: Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half
Another good thing to know about is the intervals and steps. This is always the same about all the scales
in a category, therefore this helps you a lot until you have memorizing all the scales and also the opposite
way: you dont need to memorized everyone if you know the intervals. The nature of the intervals label
the major scale to a diatonic scale.
Understand the notation

Some of the scales have two names divided by a slash (e.g. C# and Db), because they can be played in two different
keys. The notes are however the same on the keyboard. For example are C#, D#, F, F#, G#, A#, B#, C# and Db, Eb,
F, Gb, Ab, Bb, C, Db (as in C# / Db) the same notes but partly written differently. In some cases there are doublesharps (e.g. F##) that could look peculiar, see theory for an explanation. Also, the notes in the diagrams and the
overview sometimes differ. The reason behind is that the notes under the diagram are foremost thought to be easy to
understand.
Scales and chords

As soon as you know a certain major scale you also know the chords in the same key. That is because you can
randomly choose three different notes from a scale and you will get a triad (learn more about chords). For example: in
the key of C the standard chords being used are:
C Major (notes: C - E - G)
D Minor (notes: D - F - A)
E Minor (notes: E - G - B)
F Major (notes: F - A - C)
G Major (notes: G - B - D)
A Minor (notes: A - C - E)
B Diminished (notes: B - D - F)
An easy way to start improvising on the piano is to play major scales together with the chords that use the same
notes. To explain further: you can for example play chords like C, Em, F, G together with the C major scale. Preferable
you play the chords with your left hand and notes from the scale with your right (more on improvisation).
Another interesting thing is that different major scales have their own "sounds". For example, C is suitable for ballads
and Eb will sound a bit like Bach.
Exercises
Exercises with fingerings for two octaves of major scales. The numbers that you can see above the notes
are indicating which fingers the notes should be played with. (The exercises are for the right hand, see
link
to
left
hand
exercises
at
the
bottom
of
page.)
1 = thumb | 2 = index finger | 3 = middle finger | 4 = ring finger | 5 = little finger.
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
Bb
major
scale
Eb
major
scale
Ab
major
scale
Db
major
scale
Gb
major
Comments
scale
These scales are for the right hand. In addition, You should of course exercise scales with your left hand, but in that
case you use some other fingerings.
Exercises for left hand

Exercises for left hand with fingerings, including two octaves of major scales. The numbers that you can
see
above
the
notes
are
indicating
which
fingers
the
notes
should
be
played
with.
1 = thumb | 2 = index finger | 3 = middle finger | 4 = ring finger | 5 = little finger.
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
major
scale
Bb
major
scale
Eb
major
scale
Ab
major
scale
Db
major
scale
Gb
major
scale
Comments
These scales are for the left hand. In addition, you should of course exercise scales with your right hand, but in that
case you use some other fingerings.
Piano Minor Scales

Contrary to the major scale there are not one but three minor scales and we shall look at each. The three
groups of minor scales are:
The natural minor (see below)
The melodic
The harmonic
The natural minor scale is often referred to as the minor scale. This scale can sometimes confuse people because it is
in a way identical to the major scale. The A minor scales include exactly the same notes as the C major scale which
makes them relative keys (read more about this further down the page).
Natural Minor Scales

Here are pictures and notes of scales.
A Minor
Notes:
A,
Fingerings
B,
(LH):
C,
5,
4,
D,
3,
E,
2,
F,
1,
G,
3,
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
A# / Bb Minor
Notes:
Fingerings
A#,
(LH):
C,
C#,
2,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4
B Minor
1,
D#,
3,
F,
2,
F#,
1,
G#,
4,
A#
3,
Notes:
B,
Fingerings
C#,
(LH):
4,
D,
3,
E,
2,
F#,
1,
G,
4,
A,
3,
B
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C Minor
Notes:
C,
Fingerings
D,
(LH):
Eb,
5,
4,
F,
3,
G,
2,
Ab,
1,
Bb,
3,
2,
C
1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C# / Db Minor
Notes:
C#,
Fingerings
D#,
(LH):
3,
E,
2,
F#,
1,
G#,
4,
A,
3,
B,
C#
2,
1,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
D Minor
Notes:
D,
Fingerings
(LH):
E,
F,
5,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D# / Eb Minor
4,
G,
3,
A,
2,
Bb,
1,
C,
3,
2,
D
1
Notes:
D#,
Fingerings
F,
(LH):
F#,
2,
1,
G#,
4,
A#,
3,
B,
2,
C#,
D#
1,
3,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3
E Minor
Notes:
E,
Fingerings
F#,
(LH):
5,
G,
4,
A,
3,
B,
2,
C,
1,
D,
3,
E
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
F Minor
Notes:
F,
Fingerings
G,
(LH):
Ab,
5,
4,
Bb,
3,
C,
2,
Db,
1,
Eb,
3,
2,
F
1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4
F# / Gb Minor
Notes:
Fingerings
F#,
(LH):
G#,
4,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
G Minor
A,
3,
B,
2,
C#,
1,
D,
3,
E,
2,
F#
1,
Notes:
G,
Fingerings
A,
(LH):
Bb,
5,
C,
4,
D,
3,
2,
Eb,
1,
F,
3,
G
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
G# /Ab Minor
Notes:
G#,
Fingerings
A#,
(LH):
B,
3,
C#,
2,
D#,
1,
3,
E,
2,
F#,
1,
G#
3,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
Minor
Scales
A: A,
B,
A#/Bb: A#,
C,
C,
C#,
B: B,
C#,
C: C,
D,
D#,
D,
F,
F#,
D,
E,
F,
E: E,
F#,
F: F,
G,
G,
A,
Bb,
G#/Ab: G#,
A#,
G#,
is
G,
B,
C,
B,
C#,
D#,
instead
of
C)
B
Bb,
B,
C#
C,
C#,
D#
C,
D,
Db,
Eb,
E,
F#
Eb,
F,
E,
F#,
A,
B,
C#,
D,
B#
A,
Bb,
A#,
C,
B,
correct
G#,
A,
A,
G,
Ab,
F#,
Bb,
G#,
G: G,
G,
A,
Ab,
F#/Gb: F#,
(theoretically
G,
F#,
F,
F#,
E,
F,
D#/Eb: D#,
A#
F,
D#,
D: D,
G#,
E,
E,
Eb,
C#/Db: C#,
overview
D,
G#
LH
Left
hand
Intervals
Interval:
RH
Right
and
1,
2,
b3,
hand
steps
4,
5,
b6,
b7
Semi-notes:
Formula: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole
Relative keys - major and minor

Relative keys have, as said above, the same notes and it can be found for all major and natural minor scales. G major
is relative with E minor, F major is relative to D minor; see all relative keys below:
Cb - Abm
Gb - Ebm
Db - Bbm
Ab - Fm
Eb - Cm
Bb - Gm
F - Dm
C - Am
G - Em
D - Bm
A - F#m
E - C#m
B - G#m
F# - D#m
C# - A#m
You don't need to memorize all relative keys, if you want to know the relative minor just go to the sixth degree in the
major
scale.
Although the notes are the same there is a difference between two relative keys: the tonic (first tone in the scale) is
not the same and this leads to different sounds. If you play in the A minor you will get a more gloomy and kind of
melancholy sound comparable to C major.
Melodic Minor Scales

The melodic scale differs from the natural minor scale due the sixth and seventh notes are raised a semistep, and therefore, no longer play as in the major scale. This scale is also some kind of a peculiar since it
is
played
differently
ascending
and
descending.
When you go up the scale you are using the melodic minor scale, but when you move down the scale you are using
thenatural
Ascending:
minor
scale.
For
A,
the
B,
Descending: A, G, F, E, D, C, B, A
Notes: A, B, C, D, E, F# (F), G# (G), A
A# / Bb
Notes: A#, C, C#, Eb, F, G (F#), A (G#), A#
Notes: B, C#, D, E, F#, G# (G), A# (A), B
melodic
C,
scale
D,
in
A
E,
it
will
F#,
look
like
G#,
this:
A
Notes: C, D, Eb, F, G, A (Ab), B (Bb), C
C# / Db
Notes: C#, Eb, E, F#, G#, A# (A), C (B), C#
Notes: D, E, F, G, A, B (Bb), C# (C), D
D# / Eb
Notes: D#, F, F#, G#, A#, C (B), D (C#), D#
Notes: E, F#, G, A, B, C# (C), D# (D), E
Notes: F, G, Ab, Bb, C, D (Db), E (Eb), F
F# / Gb
Notes: F#, G#, A, B, C#, Eb (D), F (E), F#
Notes: G, A, Bb, C, D, E (Eb), F# (F), G
G# / Ab
Notes: G#, A#, B, C#, Eb, F (E), G (F#), G#

Melodic
A: A,
Minor
B,
A#/Bb: A#,
C,
C,
C#,
D,
C: C,
D,
Eb,
D: D,
Eb,
E,
D#/Eb: D#,
F#,
F: F,
G,
F#/Gb: F#,
G: G,
G#/Ab: G#,
E,
G#,
A,
Bb,
A#,
D,
C#,
D,
C#,
C,
C#,
C,
B,
A#,
B,
B,
C,
B,
A,
G#,
G#,
Bb,
G,
G#,
A,
A,
Ab,
A#,
F#,
F#,
G,
F,
G,
G,
overview
F#,
F#,
F,
F,
A,
E,
Eb,
E,
F,
E: E,
D,
C#,
B: B,
C#/Db: C#,
Scales
Eb,
E,
Eb,
F,
G#,
A,
A#
A#,
B,
C,
C#
C#,
D,
D#
D#,
E,
F,
F#
F#,
G,
G#
Intervals
and
Interval:
Semi-notes
1,
:
2,
2
steps
b3,
1
4,
5,
6,
Formula: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half
Harmonic Minor Scales

The harmonic minor scale is one of three minor scales. The other two are the natural minor and
the melodic minor. The sound of the harmonic scale is characterized by the music of the Middle East.
The harmonic minor differs from the natural minor with a flattened seventh note and, therefore, this minor scale is not
played in the same way as the relative major scale.
Notes:
Fingerings
A,
B,
(LH):
C,
5,
4,
D,
3,
E,
2,
F,
1,
G#,
3,
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
A# / Bb
Notes:
Fingerings
A#,
(LH):
C,
C#,
2,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4
1,
D#,
3,
F,
2,
F#,
1,
A,
4,
A#
3,
Notes:
Fingerings
B,
C#,
(LH):
4,
D,
3,
E,
2,
F#,
1,
G,
4,
A#,
3,
2,
B
1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Notes:
Fingerings
C,
D,
(LH):
Eb,
5,
4,
F,
3,
G,
2,
Ab,
1,
B,
3,
C
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C# / Db
Notes:
Fingerings
C#,
D#,
(LH):
3,
E,
2,
F#,
1,
G#,
4,
A,
3,
C,
C#
2,
1,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
Notes:
Fingerings
D,
(LH):
E,
F,
5,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D# / Eb
4,
G,
3,
A,
2,
Bb,
1,
C#,
3,
2,
D
1
Notes:
Fingerings
D#,
(LH):
F,
F#,
2,
G#,
1,
4,
A#,
B,
3,
2,
D,
1,
D#
3,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3
Notes:
Fingerings
(LH):
5,
4,
E,
3,
F#,
G,
2,
A,
1,
B,
C,
3,
D#,
2,
E
1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Notes:
Fingerings
(LH):
5,
4,
F,
3,
G,
Ab,
2,
Bb,
1,
C,
Db,
3,
E,
2,
F
1
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4
F# / Gb
Notes:
Fingerings
(LH):
4,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
3,
F#,
2,
G#,
1,
A,
B,
3,
C#,
2,
D,
F,
1,
F#
4
Notes:
Fingerings
(LH):
5,
4,
G,
A,
3,
Bb,
2,
C,
D,
1,
Eb,
F#,
3,
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
G# / Ab
Notes:
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
2,
G#,
A#,
1,
B,
3,
C#,
D#,
2,
E,
G,
1,
G#
3,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
Harmonic
Minor
A: A,
B,
Scales
C,
D,
E,
overview
F,
G#,
A#/Bb: A#, C, C#, D#, F, F#, A, A# (theoretically correct is B#, E# and G## instead of C, F and A)
B: B,
C#,
D,
E,
F#,
G,
A#,
C: C,
D,
Eb,
F,
G,
Ab,
B,
C#/Db: C#,
D#,
D: D,
D#/Eb: D#,
E,
F#,
E,
F, F#,
E: E,
F#,
F: F,
G,
F#/Gb: F#,
G#,
G: G,
A#,
A,
F,
G#,
A#,
C,
B,
D,
D#
B,
C#,
D,
C#,
D#,
A,
B,
Bb,
C,
F#
G,
is
B#
E#
and
C##
instead
Db,
correct
D,
is
E#
Eb,
(theoretically
correct
instead
of
C)
C#,
C,
(theoretically
G#
is
Bb,
correct
C,
E,
correct
A,
F,
Bb,
B,
(theoretically
(theoretically
Ab,
A,
C#
G,
G,
A,
G#/Ab: G#,
G#,
of
D
F
and
D#,
E,
instead
of
F#,
is
F##
D)
F)
G
instead
of
G)
LH
Left
hand
Intervals
Right
hand
and
Interval:
Semi-notes:
RH
1,
2
2,
-
steps
b3,
-
4,
-
Formula: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole and a half, Half
5,
-
b6,
-
7
-
Blues Scales for Piano

Adding a blue note to the regular Pentatonic scale gives the Pentatonic Blues Scale. These scales are for
obvious reasons perfect when playing blues on the piano. The "Major Blues Scale" is some less common
than the "Minor Blues Scale" and, therefore, we start with minor and you find the major by scrolling
down.
The blues originate from a mix of different sources in music, so there is no satisfying explanation in theoretical terms
about this scale. But the most important thing is of course how it sounds when you are using it. Try these scales below
and you will hear the blues!
Minor Blues Scales

Here are pictures and notes of the minor pentatonic blues scales. See also Major Blues Scales.
C Pentatonic Blues
Notes: C, Eb, F, F#, G, Bb, C
C# / Db Pentatonic Blues
Notes: C#, E, F#, G, G#, B, C#
D Pentatonic Blues
Notes: D, F, G, G#, A, C, D
D# / Eb Pentatonic Blues
Notes: D#, F#, G#, A, A#, C#, D#
E Pentatonic Blues
Notes: E, G, A, A#, B, D, E
F Pentatonic Blues
Notes: F, Ab, Bb, B, C, Eb, F
F# / Gb Pentatonic Blues
Notes: F#, A, B, C, C#, E, F#
G Pentatonic Blues
Notes: G, Bb, C, C#, D, F, G
G# / Ab Pentatonic Blues
Notes: G#, B, C#, D, D#, F#, G#
A Pentatonic Blues
Notes: A, C, D, D#, E, G, A
A# / Bb Pentatonic Blues
Notes: A#, C#, D#, E, E#, G#, A#
B Pentatonic Blues
Notes: B, D, E, F, F#, A, B
Pentatonic Blues Scales overview
C: C, Eb, F, F#, G, Bb, C
C#/Db: C#, E, F#, G, G#, B, C#
D: D, F, G, G#, A, C, D
D#/Eb: D#, F#, G#, A, A#, C#, D#
E: E, G, A, A#, B, D, E
F: F, Ab, Bb, B, C, Eb, F
F#/Gb: F#, A, B, C, C#, E, F#
G: G, Bb, C, C#, D, F, G
G#/Ab: G#, B, C#, D, D#, F#, G#
A: A, C, D, D#, E, G, A
A#/Bb: A#, C#, D#, E, E#, G#, A#
B: B, D, E, F, F#, A, B
Intervals and steps

Interval: 1, b3, 4, b5, 5, b7
Semi-notes: 3 - 2 - 1 - 1 - 3 - 2
Formula: Whole and a half, Whole, Half, Half, Whole and a half, Whole
Theory and tips for improvisation

The pentatonic blues scale is built upon three dominant chords. For example, in the case of C pentatonic the three
chords are C7 F7 G7. We can see the relationship when comparing the notes in the scale:
C, Eb, F, F#, G, Bb, C
with the notes in the three chords:
There
(C7) C, E, G, Bb (F7) F A C Eb (G7) G B D F

is
close
correlation
as
you
can
see.
So how can you improvise on the piano with blues scales? By learning these scales you will get great tools
for improvising in the musical style of blues (these scales are also used in jazz improvisation). A tip is to
use the left hand for a chord and play the notes of the scale with the right. You can then combine a C
blues scale with C7, F7 and G7 chords. In the same way you can combine a G blues scale with the chords
G7,
C7
and
D7
and
so
on
in
different keys.
You can also improvise blues in minor. A nice combination are the chords Am7, Dm7 and E7 together with the A
pentatonic blues scale. Further reading: 12-bar blues.
Major Blues Scales

Here are pictures and notes of the major pentatonic blues scales.
C Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: C, D, Eb, E, G, A, C
C# / Db Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: C#, D#, E, F, G#, A#, C#
D Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: D, E, F, F#, A, B, D
D# / Eb Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: D#, F, F#, G, A#, C, D#
E Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: E, F#, G, G#, B, C#, E

F Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: F, G, Ab, A, C, D, F
F# / Gb Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: F#, G#, A, A#, C#, D#, F#
G Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: G, A, Bb, B, D, E, G
G# / Ab Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: G#, A#, B, C, D#, F, G#
A Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: A, B, C, C#, E, F#, A
A# / Bb Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: A#, C, C#, D, F, G, A#
B Pentatonic Major Blues
Notes: B, C#, D, D#, F#, G#, B

Pentatonic Major Blues Scales overview
C: C, D, Eb, E, G, A, C
C#/Db: C#, D#, E, F, G#, A#, C#
D: D, E, F, F#, A, B, D
D#/Eb: D#, F, F#, G, A#, C, D#
E: E, F#, G, G#, B, C#, E
F: F, G, Ab, A, C, D, F
F#/Gb: F#, G#, A, A#, C#, D#, F#
G: G, A, Bb, B, D, E, G
G#/Ab: G#, A#, B, C, D#, F, G#
A: A, B, C, C#, E, F#, A
A#/Bb: A#, C, C#, D, F, G, A#
B: B, C#, D, D#, F#, G#, B

Intervals and steps
Interval: 1, 2, b3, 3, 5, 6
Semi-notes: 2 - 1 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 3
Formula: Whole, Half, Half, Whole and a half, Whole, Whole and a half
Piano Pentatonic Scales

The pentatonic scale is frequently used in lots of popular music styles. There is both pentatonic major and
minor in this case the minor is more used. Note that C minor pentatonic has identical notes as Eb major
pentatonic but in another order, D minor pentatonic has the same notes as F major pentatonic and so on.
Knowing this will make it easier for you to memorize.
Minor Pentatonic Scales

Here are pictures and notes of the minor pentatonic scales. These scales are very common in many styles but not at
least in pop and rock music. See also Major Pentatonic Scales.
Cm
Notes:
C,
Eb,
Fingerings
(LH):
1,
F,
3,
G,
2,
Bb,
1,
C
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
C#m / Dbm
Notes:
Fingerings
C#,
(LH):
E,
2,
F#,
1,
G#,
3,
B,
2,
C#
1,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2
Dm
Notes:
D,
F,
G,
A,
C,
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
2,
1,
3,
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
D#m / Ebm
Notes:
Fingerings
D#,
(LH):
F#,
3,
G#,
2,
A#,
1,
C#,
3,
D#
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
Em
Notes:
E,
G,
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
A,
2,
B,
1,
D,
3,
E
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
Fm
Notes:
F,
Fingerings
(LH):
Ab,
4,
Bb,
3,
C,
2,
Eb,
1,
F
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
F#m / Gbm
Notes:
F#,
A,
B,
C#,
E,
F#
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
2,
1,
2,
1,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2
Gm
Notes:
G,
Bb,
Fingerings
(LH):
1,
C,
3,
D,
2,
F,
1,
G
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1
G#m / Abm
Notes:
Fingerings
G#,
(LH):
B,
2,
C#,
1,
D#,
5,
F#,
4,
G#
3,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Am
Notes:
A,
C,
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
D,
2,
E,
1,
G,
3,
A
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
A#m / Bbm
Notes:
A#,
C#,
D#,
E#,
G#,
A#
Fingerings
(LH):
4,
3,
2,
1,
4,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3
Bm
Notes:
B,
D,
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
E,
F#,
2,
1,
A,
3,
B
2,
Fingerings (RH): 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2
Pentatonic
Minor
C: C,
Scales
Eb,
F,
C#/Db: C#,
G,
E,
D: D,
F#,
F,
A,
F#,
Bb,
B,
C#
G#,
G,
D#/Eb: D#,
overview
G#,
C,
A#,
C#,
D#
E: E,
G,
A,
B,
D,
F: F,
Ab,
Bb,
C,
Eb,
C#,
E,
F#
D,
F,
F#/Gb: F#,
A,
G: G,
B,
Bb,
C,
G#/Ab: G#,
B,
A: A,
C#,
C,
A#/Bb: A#,
D#,
D,
C#,
F#,
E,
D#,
G#
G,
E#,
G#,
A#
4,
5,
b7
B: B, D, E, F#, A, B
Interval:
Semi-notes:
1,
3
b3,
-
Formula: Whole and a half, Whole, Whole, Whole and a half, Whole
Major Pentatonic Scales

This five-note scale is similar to the major scale but with the 4th and 7th degrees removed. Major pentatonic scales
are especially common in traditional folk music, county and gospel. Here are pictures and notes of the major
pentatonic scales.
Notes:
C,
D,
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
E,
2,
G,
1,
A,
2,
C
1,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
C# / Db
Notes:
Fingerings
C#,
(LH):
D#,
3,
F,
2,
G#,
1,
A#,
4,
C#
3,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4
Notes:
D,
E,
Fingerings
(LH):
2,
F#,
1,
A,
3,
B,
2,
D
1,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4
D# / Eb
Notes:
Fingerings
D#,
(LH):
Fingerings (RH): 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2
F,
3,
G,
2,
A#,
1,
C,
2,
D#
1,
Notes:
Fingerings
E,
(LH):
F#,
4,
G#,
3,
B,
2,
C#,
1,
E
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
Notes:
F,
G,
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
A,
2,
C,
1,
D,
2,
F
1,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4
F# / Gb
Notes:
Fingerings
F#,
(LH):
G#,
3,
A#,
2,
C#,
1,
D#,
3,
F#
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3
Notes:
G,
A,
Fingerings
(LH):
3,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4
G# / Ab
B,
2,
D,
1,
E,
2,
G
1,
Notes:
Fingerings
G#,
(LH):
A#,
C,
3,
2,
D#,
1,
F,
2,
G#
1,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3
Notes:
A,
B,
Fingerings
(LH):
C#,
2,
1,
E,
2,
F#,
1,
A
3,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1
A# / Bb
Notes:
A#,
Fingerings
(LH):
C,
D,
3,
2,
F,
1,
G,
2,
A#
1,
Fingerings (RH): 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3
Notes:
Fingerings
B,
(LH):
C#,
1,
D#,
5,
F#,
4,
3,
G#,B
2,
Fingerings (RH): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1
Pentatonic
C: C,
Major
D,
Scales
E,
G,
overview
A,
C#/Db: C#,
D#,
D: D,
F,
E,
G#,
F#,
D#/Eb: D#,
F,
G,
A#,
A,
B,
A#,
C,
C#
D
D#
E: E,
F#,
G#,
B,
C#,
F: F,
G,
A,
C,
D,
F#/Gb: F#,
G#,
G: G,
A#,
A,
B,
G#/Ab: G#,
C,
B,
C,
F,
G#
F#,
F,
G,
A#
3,
5,
E,
D,
F#
E,
D#,
C#,
A#/Bb: A#,
D#,
D,
A#,
A: A,
C#,
B: B, C#, D#, F#, G#,B

Interval:
Semi-notes:
1,
2
2,
-
Formula: Whole, Whole, Whole and a half, Whole, Whole and a half
Improvising with the Pentatonic Scale

The Pentatonic Scale is a flexible scale for improvising and apart from the standard way, which is combining a scale
with chords in the same key, you could also be outside the key. By "being outside the key" means that you dont
necessary must played chords and scale that belongs to the same key. For example, you could play G Major
Pentatonic over a C Major chord or E Minor Pentatonic over a A Minor chord.
Jazz scales and improvisation

There isnt a single group of scales that can be called jazz scales a jazz pianist uses lots of different
scales.
But
still
there
are
typical
scales
used
in
jazz
and
here
is
an
overview.
This guide will include The Modal Scales, Jazz Minor Scales and Bebop Scales.
The Modal Scales

The modal scales (often referred to as just modes) were once discovered in ancient Greek. In modern days the modal
scales are frequently used in jazz improvisation. Are you interested in playing jazz, the modal scales are of great
importance.
Here are the modal scales in the standard order:
Ionian
Dorian
Phrygian
Lydian
Mixolydian
Aeolian
Locrian
In theory the modal scales are more like keys or modus (interval in Latin), but we will use either "scales" or "modes"
as terms. The modal scales will probably feel kind of complicated in the beginning since they are not like other typical
scales. But the thing is: they are really just variations of major scales. So, if you know the major scales you have an
easy
job
to
memorize
the
modal
scale.
For example, if we take the C major scale and play this in the Dorian mode, what happens is that the
notes remain the same, but the starting point is altered. So C - D - E - F - G - A - B can change to D - E - F G
Lets look at a complete overview of the modus of C major:
and
become
Dorian.
Ionian: The
tonic
Dorian: The
tonic
Phrygian: The
change
tonic
tonic
change
Locrian: The
to
change
A
(this
is
tonic
C.
to
change
tonic
Mixolydian: The
still
change
tonic
Lydian: The
Aeolian: The
is
D.
to
E.
to
F.
to
identical
with
the
change
G.
A
minor
scale).
to
B.
What is all this good for you may ask? Why don't stick to the regular major scales? It is true that the notes are the
same in modes as in major scales, but not the order and that makes a big difference. It is the changed order that
gives
them
unique
sound
quality
that
is
caused
by
different
root
note.
So how can we use the modes? The modes become useful then you for example are playing a scale over a
chord and don't want the regular major sound. In many music styles it will not always sound good using
major scales over chords. You may instead use the Dorian mode and suddenly you have a different sound.
Some modes (Ionian, Lydian and Mixolydian) will sound good with major chords and some (Dorian,
Phrygian, Aeolian and Locrian) will sound good with minor chords.
Jazz Minor Scales

The Jazz Minor Scale is a melodic minor scale, but without any change of notes when descending, see Melodic Minor.
The
Jazz
Minor
is
often
used
as
replacement
for
other
minor
scales
in
jazz.
Above is an illustration of this scale in Cm. The next step is to use these notes in different modes according to this:
C Melodic Minor - C D Eb F G A B
Dorian Mode - D Eb F G A B C D
Lydian Mode - Eb F G A B C D Eb
Mixolydian Mode - F G A B C D Eb F
Dominant Mode - G A B C D Eb F G
Locrian - A B C D Eb F G A
Altered Mode - B C D Eb F G A B
Other useful scales

Bebop
Scales
click
the
link
for
description
and
diagrams
of
these
scales.
Nine Tone Scales click the link for description and diagrams of these scales.
Bebop Scales
The bebop scales are mostly used in jazz. You will probably notice the close relationship between the
bebop scale and the major scale. The only difference is one extra note and this can be compared with the
blue
note
added
to
pentatonic
to
get
blues
scale.
Although we dont call it a blue note but a passing tone. As the pictures below show, the passing note can be found
between the 5th and 6th note in the scale.
Bebop Major Scales

Here are pictures and notes of the major bebop scales. See also Minor Bebop Scales.
Notes: C, D, E, F, G, G#, A, B, C
C# / Db
Notes: C#, D#, F, F#, G#, G, A#, C, C#
Notes: D, E, F#, G, A, A#, B, C#, D
D# /Eb
Notes: D#, F, G, G#, A#, B, C, D, D#
Notes: E, F#, G#, A, B, C, C#, D#, E
Notes: F, G, A, Bb, C, Db, D, E, F
F# / Gb
Notes: F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D, D#, F, F#
Notes: G, A, B, C, D, D#, E, F#, G
G# / Ab
Notes: G#, A#, C, C#, D#, E, F, G, G#
Notes: A, B, C#, D, E, F, F#, G#, A
A# / Bb
Notes: A#, C, D, Eb, F, F#, G, A, A#
Notes: B, C#, D#, E, F#, G, G#, A#, B

Bebop
C: C,
Scales
D,
E,
F,
G,
overview
G#,
A,
B,
C#/Db: C#,
D: D,
D#,
E,
F#,
F: F,
G,
A,
A,
A#,
B,
A#,
B,
A#/Bb: A#,
C,
C,
C,
Db,
D,
D#,
D#,
D,
D,
C,
E,
Eb,
F,
C#,
D
D#
E
D,
E,
D#,
F,
F#
F#,
G,
G#
E,
F,
F#,
F#,
C#
D#,
E,
F,
C,
D,
C#,
C#,
C#,
C#,
B,
D,
C,
B,
B,
B,
C,
A#,
A#,
A#,
Bb,
G#,
G,
A,
G#,
A,
G#/Ab: G#,
A: A,
G,
G#,
F#/Gb: F#,
G#,
G,
F,
E: E,
F#,
F#,
D#/Eb: D#,
G: G,
F,
G#,
G,
A,
A#
B: B, C#, D#, E, F#, G, G#, A#, B

Interval:
Semi-notes:
1,
2
2,
-
3,
-
4,
-
Formula: Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Half, Half, Whole, Half
Bebop Minor Scales

Here are pictures and notes of the minor bebop scales.
Cm
Notes: C, D, Eb, E, F, G, A, Bb, C
C#m / Dbm
Notes: C#, D#, E, F, F#, G#, A#, B, C#
Dm
5,
-
6b,
-
6,
-
7
-
Notes: D, E, F, Gb, G, A, B, C, D
D#m / Ebm
Notes: D#, F, F#, G, G#, A#, C, C#, D#
Em
Notes: E, Gb, G, Ab, A, B, Db, D, E
Fm
Notes: F, G, Ab, A, Bb, C, D, Eb, F
F#m / Gbm
Notes: F#, G#, A, A#, B, C#, D#, E, F#
Gm
Notes: G, A, Bb, B, C, D, E, F, G
G#m / Abm
Notes: G#, A#, B, C, C#, D#, F, F#, G#
Am
Notes: A, B, C, Db, D, E, Gb, G, A
A#m / Bbm
Notes: A#, C, C#, D, D#, F, G, G#, A#
Bm
Notes: B, C#, D, D#, E, F#, G#, A, B

Bebop
C: C,
Minor
D,
Eb,
Scales
E,
F,
G,
overview
A,
Bb,
C#/Db: C#,
D: D,
D#,
E,
Gb,
F: F,
G,
A,
A,
A,
A#,
B,
B,
C,
A#/Bb: A#,
C,
C#,
C,
C,
C#,
D#
Db,
D,
Bb,
C,
D,
Eb,
C#,
Db,
C#
B,
C,
C,
B,
A#,
B,
B,
B,
A,
A#,
Bb,
A#,
A,
G#,
Ab,
G#,
G#,
G,
G,
Ab,
G#/Ab: G#,
A: A,
F#,
G,
F#/Gb: F#,
F#,
Gb,
F,
E: E,
F,
F,
D#/Eb: D#,
G: G,
E,
D#,
E,
F#
D,
E,
F,
F,
F#,
G#
Gb,
G,
D#,
D,
D,
C#,
E,
D#,
F,
G,
G#,
A#
B: B, C#, D, D#, E, F#, G#, A, B

Interval:
Semi-notes:
1,
2
2,
-
3b,
-
3,
-
4,
-
5,
-
6,
-
7b
-
Formula: Whole, Half, Half, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole
Additional scales
In addition, there are two other variations of the bebop scale: Bebop Dominant and Bebop Dorian. The interval for
Bebop Dominant is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7b, 7 (with the passing note between the 7th and the root), which is the same
as Mixolydian with one extra note. Bebop Dorian has one extra flat, the third note and the interval is 1, 2, 3b, 4, 5, 6,
7b, 7. All these scales are great tools for learning to play jazz.
Nine Tone Scales

The Nine Tone Scales are somewhat uncommon with nine notes. It remains of the Augmented Scale and
we can see a similarity comparing C Augmented Scale and C Nine Tone Scale which both includes Eb and
G#.
Because of the many notes that are included there are numerous possibilities to play chords over these scales that, for
example, can be used in jazz.
Notes: C, D, Eb, E, F#, G, G#, A, B, C

C# / Db
Notes: C#, Eb, E, F, G, G#, A, A#, C, C#
Notes: D, E, F, F#, G#, A, A#, B, C#, D
D# /Eb
Notes: Eb, F, F#, G, A, A#, B, C, D, Eb
Notes: E, F#, G, G#, A#, B, C, C#, Eb, E
Notes: F, G, G#, A, B, C, C#, D, E, F
F# / Gb
Notes: F#, G#, A, A#, C, C#, D, Eb, F, F#
Notes: G, A, A#, B, C#, D, Eb, E, F#, G
G# / Ab
Notes: G#, A#, B, C, D, Eb, E, F, G, G#
Notes: A, B, C, C#, Eb, E, F, F#, G#, A
A# / Bb
Notes: A#, C, C#, D, E, F, F#, G, A, A#
Notes: B, C#, D, Eb, F, F#, G, G#, A#, B

Nine
C: C,
Tone
D,
Eb,
C#/Db: C#,
D: D,
Eb,
E,
E,
E,
G,
E: E,
F#,
G,
G#,
F: F,
G,
G#,
A,
G: G,
A,
A#,
B,
C,
A#/Bb: A#,
C,
C#,
A#,
D,
D,
Eb,
Eb,
Eb,
E,
E,
F,
D,
Eb
E
D,
E,
Eb,
F,
F#
F#,
G,
F#,
F#,
C#,
Eb,
F,
F,
C#
C#,
E,
E,
C,
C,
C#,
D,
B,
B,
C,
C#,
C#,
D,
A,
B,
C,
C,
C#,
A,
A#,
B,
B,
C,
G#,
A#,
A#,
B,
B,
A,
A,
A#,
A#,
G#/Ab: G#,
A: A,
A,
overview
G#,
G#,
F#,
G#,
G,
G,
F#,
F,
F#/Gb: F#,
F#,
F,
F,
D#/Eb: Eb,
Scales
G#
G#,
G,
A,
A#
B: B, C#, D, Eb, F, F#, G, G#, A#, B

Interval:
1,
Semi-notes:
2,
-
3b,
-
3,
1
5b,
2
Formula: Whole, Half, Half, Whole, Half, Half, Half, Whole, HaLF
5,
1
6,
1
6b,
-
6,
-
7
-
Piano scales chart

Here
Major
you
see
an
scales
overview
of
some
with
of
the
most
relative
common
scales:
minor
Pentatonic scales major & minor

Major
Relative Minor
Am
C#
Bbm
Bm
D#
Cm
C#m
Dm
F#
Ebm
Em
G#
Fm
F#m
A#
Gm
Abm
More scales are shown in the chart below...

Pentatonic Major
Pentatonic Minor
Am
C#
Bbm
Bm
D#
Cm
C#m
Dm
F#
Ebm
Em
G#
Fm
F#m
A#
Gm
Abm
Otras escalas (http://heptagrama.com/escalas-musicales.htm)
En la msica occidental, las escalas mayores y menores tienen su origen en las escalas
de do y la, respectivamente. Eso ya fue aprendido. Sin embargo, hay muchas otras
escalas musicales que se pueden usar. Estas vienen de los arreglos musicales de las
otras notas musicales. Se les conoce como modos musicales y se les ha dado el nombre
de pueblos griegos.
La escala basada en do es una escala Jnica.
[C D E F G A B C]
La escala basada en re es una escala Drica.
[D E F G A B C D]
La escala basada en mi es una escala Frigia.
[E F G A B C D E]
La escala basada en fa es una escala Lidia.
[F G A B C D E F]
La escala basada en sol es una escala Mixolidia.
[G A B C D E F G]
La escala basada en la es una escala Elica.
[A B C D E F G A]
La escala basada en si es una escala Locria.
[B C D E F G A - B]
Estas escalas son menos conocidas, pero todava usadas. Adems de estas, hay otras
escalas, pero por lo general no se les relaciona con la msica occidental y estarn fuera
de este texto

Diccionario de Escalas

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Diccionario de Escalas

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1 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.

2 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Changing keys and scales

3 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

4 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Basic music terms for piano

Dynamics in music and the abbreviations

Decrescendo gradually softer.

Tempo in music and used terms

5 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Moods in music and used terms

Cantabile in a singing style

Piano Major Scales

6 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Notes: D, E, F#, G, A, B, C#, D

Notes: E, F#, G#, A, B, C#, D#, E

7 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Notes: A, B, C#, D, E, F#, G#, A

Notes: B, C#, D#, E, F#, G#, A#, B

Notes: Db, Eb, F, Gb, Ab, Bb, C, Db

Notes: Eb, F, G, Ab, Bb, C, D, Eb

8 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Notes: F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D#, F, F#

Notes: Ab, Bb, C, Db, Eb, F, G, Ab

Notes: Bb, C, D, Eb, F, G, A, Bb

9 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Intervals and steps

Understand the notation

Scales and chords

10 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

1 = thumb | 2 = index finger | 3 = middle finger | 4 = ring finger | 5 = little finger.

11 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

12 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Exercises for left hand

1 = thumb | 2 = index finger | 3 = middle finger | 4 = ring finger | 5 = little finger.

13 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

14 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Piano Minor Scales

The natural minor (see below)

Natural Minor Scales

15 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

16 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

17 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

18 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Formula: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole

Relative keys - major and minor

19 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Melodic Minor Scales

Notes: A, B, C, D, E, F# (F), G# (G), A

Notes: A#, C, C#, Eb, F, G (F#), A (G#), A#

Notes: B, C#, D, E, F#, G# (G), A# (A), B

20 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Notes: C, D, Eb, F, G, A (Ab), B (Bb), C

Notes: C#, Eb, E, F#, G#, A# (A), C (B), C#

Notes: D, E, F, G, A, B (Bb), C# (C), D

Notes: D#, F, F#, G#, A#, C (B), D (C#), D#

Notes: E, F#, G, A, B, C# (C), D# (D), E

21 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Notes: F, G, Ab, Bb, C, D (Db), E (Eb), F

Notes: F#, G#, A, B, C#, Eb (D), F (E), F#

Notes: G, A, Bb, C, D, E (Eb), F# (F), G

Notes: G#, A#, B, C#, Eb, F (E), G (F#), G#

22 DICCIONARIO DE ESCALAS http://www.pianoscales.org/printable.html

Formula: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half