Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Composite Structures
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compstruct

Thermo elasticity solution of sandwich circular plate with functionally

graded core using generalized differential quadrature method
A. Alibeigloo
Mech. Eng. Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-143, Iran

a r t i c l e

i n f o

Article history:
Available online 22 October 2015
Keywords:
Sandwich
Thermoelasticity
GDQ
FGM
Circular plate

a b s t r a c t
Bending analysis of sandwich circular plate with functionally grade core layer subjected to
thermo-mechanical load is carried out using generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method. The
facing layers are made by metal and ceramic whereas the core layer is functionally graded materials
composed of metal and ceramic material with distribution according to exponential function.
Sandwich plate has various edges boundary conditions. Temperature distribution in three dimensions
is obtained by solving heat conduction governing equation analytically. From combination of three
dimensional governing equilibrium equations and constitutive relations, state space equations are
derived. Applying GDQ method to the state space equations along the radial direction, semi-analytical
solution can be obtained. After checking the convergence of the present approach, validation is carried
out by comparing numerical results with the available results in open literature. Moreover, parametric
study is presented to show the effects of the gradient direction, outer radius to thickness ratio, edges
boundary conditions on the thermoelastic behavior of sandwich annular plates.
2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction
Sandwich plates are widely used in modern industry, especially
in mechanical, nuclear reactors and aerospace industries due to its
lightweight, high stiffness, high structural efficiency and strength.
Due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients as well as
stiffness properties between the face sheets and the core, sandwich
plates are susceptible to face sheet/core debonding, which is a
major problem in sandwich construction. To overcome this
problem, the concept of a functionally graded material (FGM) is
being actively explored in sandwich panel design. Recently, many
researchers have studied mechanical properties and behavior of
FG sandwich structures. Based on higher order refined theory, Kant
and Swaminathan [1] carried out static analysis of simply supported composite and sandwich plates using Naviers technique.
Anderson [2] presented an elasticity solution for static behavior
of sandwich panel with orthotropic face sheets subjected to transverse loading. Based on higher-order refined theory, Swaminathan
and Ragounadin [3] performed static analysis of simply supported
anti-symmetric angle-ply composite and sandwich plates using
Naviers technique. Based on theory of elasticity, Li et al. [4]
investigated free vibration of simply supported and clamped edges
Tel.: +98 21 82883991; fax: +98 21 82884909.
E-mail address: abeigloo@modares.ac.ir
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.10.012
0263-8223/ 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

sandwich plates with volume fraction distribution of constituents

according to simple power law. Kant et al. [5] discussed semianalytically bending behavior of sandwich laminates using twopoint boundary value problem (BVP) governed by a set of linear
first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the
thickness. Pandit et al. [6] proposed an improved higher order zigzag theory to analysis of static behavior of laminated sandwich
plate with soft compressible core. Brischetto [7] analyzed bending
behavior of sandwich plates with material properties according to
the Legendre polynomials using classical and mixed advanced
models. Wang et al. [8] used direct displacement method to investigate free vibration of FGM circular plate with elastic simply supported and rigid slipping support edge. Based on higher order
theory, Tu et al. [9] carried out bending and vibration analysis of
laminated and sandwich composite plates using finite element
method. Based on two-dimensional theory of elasticity, Pilipchuk
et al. [10] presented an exact solution for bending of sandwich
FG plate-like beams with simply supported boundary condition
subjected to thermal load. Axisymmetric Bending of FGM circular
plate was discussed by Wang et al. [11] using three-dimensional
theory of elasticity as well as the direct displacement method.
Based on higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT), static
analysis of FG sandwich plate was carried out by Abdelaziz et al.
[12]. Based on higher order structural theory, Natarajan and
Manickam [13] studied static and free vibration of sandwich

230

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

FGM plate using QUAD-8 shear flexible element developed. Neves

et al. [14] used hyperbolic sine term for the in-plane displacements
and a quadratic function of thickness coordinate for transverse displacement to present static analysis of FG sandwich plates. Based
on Hamiltons principle, Khalili et al. [15] investigated free vibration of sandwich plates with FG face sheets and assumption of
material properties of FG face sheets to be temperaturedependent by a third-order function of temperature using. Alibeigloo [16] used three-dimensional theory of elasticity to analysis
of a FG solid and an annular circular plate subjected to thermomechanical load with various boundary conditions. Wang and
Shen [17] used a two-step perturbation technique to investigate
large amplitude vibration and nonlinear bending of a sandwich
plate with carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) face
sheets resting on an elastic foundation in thermal environments.
Based on two-dimensional shear deformation theory, Xiang et al.
[18] employed meshless global collocation method to analysis of
free vibration of sandwich plate with FG face sheets and homogeneous core. Loja et al. [19] used B-spline finite strip element
models to study static and free vibration behavior of FG sandwich
plate with assumption of material properties to be according to
MoriTanaka formulation. Based on higher-order shear deformation theory, Neves et al. [20] employed a and meshless technique
to analysis static, free vibration and buckling behaviors of simply
supported isotropic and sandwich FG plates. Tounsi et al. [21] used
a refined trigonometric shear deformation theory to study thermoelastic bending behavior of simply support FG sandwich plates.
Shariyat and Alipour [22] used finite Taylors transform and the
fourth order RungeKutta procedure to study dynamic behavior
of circular sandwich plates with functionally graded face sheets/
cores. Alibeigloo [23] presented three dimensional thermoelastic
solution of a simply supported sandwich panel with FG core using
Fourier series expansions and state-space technique. Based on generalized displacement field of the Carrera Unified Formulation
(CUF), including the Zig-Zag effect given by the Murakamis function, Tornabene et al. [24] analyzed dynamic behavior of doubly
curved shell structures using GDQ method. Based on twodimensional Unconstrained Third order Shear Deformation Theory
(UTSDT), Viola et al. [25] performed static analysis of functionally
graded conical shells and panels using GDQ method. Static analysis
of FG circular plate made of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials was carried out by Wang et al. [26] using three dimensional
theory of elasticity. Based on Higher-order Shear Deformation Theories, Tornabene et al. [27] investigated recovery of through-thethickness transverse normal and shear strains and stresses due to
static deformation of FG doubly-curved sandwich shell structures
and shells of revolution using GDQ method. Mantari and Granados
[28] used a new quasi-3D hybrid type HSDT with 6 unknowns
which is based on a generalized formulation to investigate thermoelastic bending analysis of advanced composite sandwich
plates. To the authors knowledge, however, themoelastic analysis
of sandwich circular plate with FGM core has not yet been
reported. In this paper semi-analytical solution for sandwich circular plate with FGM core embedded with ceramic and metal face
sheets subjected to thermos-mechanical load is investigated.
2. Analysis

Fig. 1. Geometry and coordinates of the laminated plate.

system r, h, z with the origin o, on the center of the bottom plane is

employed to describe the plate behavior. Poissons ratio, m; is
assumed to be constant and the material properties are assumed
to vary according to exponential function of transverse coordinate
as follow

E E0 eb1 zhm

a a0 eb2 zhm k k0 eb3 zhm






are material
where b1 1h ln EE0h , b2 1h ln aa0h , b3 1h ln kkh0
constants.
Governing differential equation of the axisymmetric temperature field T(r, z) for the FGM and face sheets are respectively as



@2T f
1 @krf 1 @T f @ 2 T f

2 0
krf @r
r @r
@r2
@z

2a



kri @
@T i
@2T i
r
kzi 2 0 i m; c
r @r
@r
@z

2b

where m and c denotes metal and ceramic sheets, respectively

Temperature boundary conditions are assumed to be

Tr; 0 0;

Tr; h T h ;

T i r i ; z T i r o ; z 0 i m; f ; c
3a

Relations for continuity of temperature and equilibrium of heat

conduction at the interface of FGM and face sheets are

T c r; h  hc T f r; h  hc ;
kzc

T m r; hm T f r; hm



@T f 
@T c 
kzf
;

@z zhhc
@z zhhc

kzm

3b



@T f 
@T m 
kzf

@z zhm
@z zhm

3c

where subscripts f, c and m refers, respectively, to fields for the

FGM, and ceramic and metal face sheets, T f , T c ; T m and kzm , kzc ; kzf
are temperatures and thermal conductivity constants of the FGM
core, ceramic and metal face sheets, and hm hc is the thickness
of face sheets. For simplicity the following dimensionless quantities
are introduced

i; s

rz
r

ri ; srz
Y 1 P1

i
u

;k

k ; k 1
k
rj
zj
rj
zj
k1

ui
P1 h

i r; h; z

E

0 E; E0 1
E;
Y1

i; a

0
a

ai ; a0

a1

2.1. Heat conduction problem

Consider a sandwich circular plate made by FGM core and metal
and ceramic face sheets which is subjected to uniform pressure at
top surface as well as temperature difference between top and bottom surfaces. The outer and inner radius of the sandwich plate are
ro and r i with uniform thickness h (Fig. 1). A cylindrical coordinate

a1 T j
T
j
j c; f ; m;
P1

r

r
ro

z

z
h

k b h k 1; 2; 3
b
k
4

where Y 1 1 GPa, a1 106 =K, k1 2

factors.

W
mK

T 1 300 K are scale

231

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

Here P1 Yp01 is used for the case of purely mechanical loading,

p0 ; and p1 a1 T h is used for the case of purely thermal loading,
T h ; at the outer surface.
The solution of Eq. (2a) is carried out by using separation of
variables method, as the follow

T Rr  Zz

where

C 0 kn
r J 0 kn
r 

Enf

0:5

e
D

Substituting Eqs. (5), (1) and (4) into Eq. (2a) leads to the following heat conduction equation

!
!
 2
b 1 @2Z
@Z
1 @ 2 R 1 @R

3
h Z @
z2
@
z
R @
r2
r @
r

when the both sides are equal to a constant, k2 , which is called

separation constant. It is noted that the sign of separation
constant depends on the surface temperature boundary conditions.
Considering this, Eq. (6) is converted to the following two ordinary
differential equations in terms of only radial and or thickness
variables for annular FGM core layer

@2
1 @
R
r k2 R
r 0
R
r

r @
r
@
r 2

7a

 2
@2
@
h

z b3 Z
z  k2
Z
Z
z 0
@z
ro
@z2

7b

R
r AJ 0 k
r BY 0 k
r

Z
z Ce

q
2
b23 4krho
z

0:5 b3 

De

q
2
b23 4krho
z

q
2


h
b23 4kn rho
J 0 k
r i
m
B
A D Ce


Y 0 kr i

And the condition for non zero solution yields

J 0 k
ri Y 0 k  J 0 kY 0 k
r i 0

10

Values of k are determined by solving Eq. (10). By using the

inhomogeneous boundary condition and applying the orthogonality property, following temperature distribution for the plate 1 is
obtained

h1f

1
X
0:5
Enf @e
n1

e

m
h

q
2
b3
b23 4kn rho
z

q
2
b23 4kn rho
z

0:5 b3 

h2f

q 1
2
b23 4kn rho
z
A

C 20 kn

2C 1 kn 
r i C 1 kn
r i 
i
h
ii
 C 1 kn C 1 kn
r 2i C 1 kn
ri C 1 kn
ri  C 20 kn
r i

0

q
2
1
X
b23 4kn rho
z
f @ 0:5 b3

Fn e
n1

e

0:5 b3 

q
q 1
2
2

c
b23 4kn rho
z1h
b23 4kn rho
A

C 0 kn
r

13

where


e

0:5

q

c

2 4kn h 2 h

3
b
b
ro
3

T
fi
q  D
q


c

c

2 4kn h 2 h

3 

2 4kn h 2 0:5 b
b
1h
b
ro
ro
3
3
e
e
14

Applying superposition method to Eqs. (11) and (13) results in

temperature distribution for the FGM layer as follow
2
q


1


 0:5 b
b
2 4kn h 2
z
X
3
ro
f
f
3
4 Ef F f e
T f h1 h 2
n
n
n1

q 3
q
q 1






2 4kn h 2
z

3 

2 4kn h 2

2 4kn h 2
b
0:5 b
h
1h
b
b
c
c
ro
ro
ro
f
f
3
3
3
5
Ae
Fn e
 @En e
0

8b

here J0 k
r and Y 0 k
r are the Bessel functions of the first and second
kind of zero order, respectively and A, B, C, D are unknown
constants.
This plate with two non-homogeneous boundary conditions is
divided into two plates, each one having only one nonhomogeneous boundary condition which can be easily solved.
Inhomogeneous boundary conditions for plate 1 and 2 are

c T


m T

h1
r; 1  h
and h2
r; h
respectively. Relations
fo
fi
between the constants of integration is determined by using the
homogeneous boundary condition

T
f 0
q
q

2
2



c
b23 4kn rho 1h
b23 4kn rho 0:5 b3 
h
c
e
e

By using the same procedure, temperature distribution for the

plate 2 is readily found to be

8a

0:5 b3

hh

F nf

It is noted that separation constant, k is determined afterward

from temperature boundary conditions.
Eqs. (7a) and (7b) has analytical solution as the follow,
respectively

q
2


b3
b23 4kn rho 1h
c

12a

12b

kn

The left-hand side of Eq. (6) is a function of the variable
r only

and the right-hand side is a function of
z only. Therefore, it is
conclude that the only way that the above equation can hold is

J 0 kn
r i
Y 0 kn
r
Y 0 kn
r i

 C 0 kn
r

15

By substituting of Eqs. (1) and (4) into Eq. (2b) and applying
separation of variables method, two ordinary differential equations
in terms of only radial and thickness variables for annular face
sheets can be derived

@2
1 @
R
r
R
r k2 R
r 0

r @
r
@
r 2
ki

 2
@2
h

z  k2
Z
Z
z 0 i m; c
b
@
z2

16a

16b

Temperature distribution for metal layer is computed by using

m T
mo ; and
one non-homogeneous boundary condition, h1
r; h
applying the orthogonality property

Tm

1

h kn

X
h kn



r o km z
Em
 ero km z C 0 kn
r
n e

17

n1

where

Em
n

T
m0
h kn

r o k m hm

h kn

 ero km hm

D

As before, temperature distribution for ceramic layer due to the

one non-homogeneous boundary condition, h1
r; 1 T
h can be
found as

C 0 kn
r

11

hc1

1

h kn

X
h kn
h kn





Ecn ero kc z  e2ro kc 1hc ero kc z C 0 kn
r
n1

18

232

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

where

Ecn

T
h
h kn

h kn

ero kc  ero kc

D

1

h kn

X
h kn

hkn



F cn ero kc z  e2ro kc hc ebkc z C 0 kn
r

r
z;
z b
1 r
z 

z;
z
u

here

T
ci
h kn


ro kc 1hc

h kn

h kn

 e2ro kc ero km 1hc

D

20

Temperature distribution for ceramic layer is determined by

applying superposition method to Eqs. (18) and (19)
1


 h kn 
X
h kn


h kn
h kn




Tc
Ecn Ecn F cn ero kc z  Ecn e2ro kc 1hc F cn e2ro kc ero kc z C 0 kn
r

 2



E0
h m
h
1
1






r
z;
r


u
u
u






r
r;
r
r;
r
r

r
ro 1  m
ro 1  m2
r 2



0
b

zh
m
h E0 a

1 s

rz
he 2
T

b
ro 1  m

In this section thermo-elasticity of a sandwich circular plate

with arbitrary edges boundary conditions is studied. Stress distributions in the FGM core layer can be written as

r
r

r
h

r s

ri ; srz e

b1 zhm

i r; h; z

22

From Eqs. (1), (4) and (22), non-dimensional thermo-elastic

constitutive relations in term of displacements are introduced as

r
r



0
E
h
h

r;
r mu

r mu

z;
z
1  m u
ro
ro
1 m1  2m



0 b

zh
m

E0 a
T
e2

1  2m

srz

0
E
h

r;
z

z;
r u
u
21 m ro

23

Dimensionless governing equilibrium equation, in the absence

of body force, for axisymmetric problems of FGM layer is

h
h 1
r
r;
r s
rz;
z
r
r  r
h b
1 s
rz 0
ro
ro r

z 0
u

27b

1  m

r
z

Since state Eq. (26) is not possible to solve analytically so, a

semi-analytical procedure with the aids of DQ technique is use to
solve it. In DQ method, the nth-order partial derivative of a continuous function f(x, z) with respect to x at a given point xi can be
approximated to a linear sum of weighted function values at all
of the discrete points as

28

zi;
z
u

24

25a

N
X
1 m1  2m
h m
1

ri

rj

r
zi 
g ij u
u




ro 1  m ri
E0 1  m
j1

r;
z 
u

And the pertinent relations for Simply (S) support, Clamped (C)
support, Free (F) from supported at the
r
r i and
r 1 edges are
as;

r 0;
S:r




0 m 1

0 b

zh
m

E0 a
h E





T

m
e2
u
u


r
r;
r
r o 1  m2
r
1m

N
X
h 1

rzi

rzj
r
zi;
z b
1 r
zi 
s
g ij s
r o
ri
j1

h
h 1
s
rz;
r r
z;
z
s
rz b
1 r
z 0
ro
ro r

27a

where N is the total number of discretization sampling points, and

g nij are the xi -dependent weighted coefficients [29].
Applying Eq. (28) to Eq. (26) results in the following state equations at an arbitrary sampling point ri



0
E
h
h
m u
r;
r m u
r 1  mu
z;
z
ro
1 m1  2m r o



0 b

zh
m
E0 a
e2
T


1  2m


m
 E



a


E
h


r
z
z 0 2 h

u
r u
r;
r  0 0 eb
2
zhm T

ro 1  m
r
1  m
1m


n
N
X
@f xi ; z

g nij f xj ; z i 1; . . . ; N n 1; . . . ; N  1

n
@x
xxi
j1



0
h
h
E
r
h
m u
r;
r 1  mu
r mu
z;
z
ro
1 m1  2m r o



0 b

zh
m

E0 a
T
e2

1  2m

r
z

26

In-plane normal stresses in term of state variables are found

from Eqs. (23) and (26) as the follow

2.2. Thermo-elastic problem for FGM layer

z 21 m
h @u
s
rz

0
r o @
r
E

s
rz;
z 

21

0
rz



h 1

rz;
r

rz s
s
r o
r



1 m1  2m
m h 1
@


z 
u
r

u

r
r
r;

0 1  m
@
r
1  m ro
r
E


1 ma0 b
2
zh
m

e
T
1m

r;
z 
u

n1

0
i;

25c

Using Eqs. (23) and (24) leads to the following state-space

equations

19

n1

F cn

25b

rz 0

r s
F:r

By using the same procedure for the ceramic with the one non
c  h

T
ci ; temperhomogeneous boundary condition, h2
r ; 1  h
f
ature distribution will be

hc2

z
@u
0
@
r

r u

z 0;
C:u

0 b

zh
m

1 ma
Ti
e2
1m

N
hX
21 m

zj
g u
s
rzi

0
r o j1 ij
E

 2

N
E0
h m X
h

zj
g ij r
r o 1  m j1
r o 1  m2
!
N
N

0 a
X

0
b

zh
m


ri 1 X
h E
u
2

1 s

rj 

rj  b

rzi
he 2
Ti


g ij u
g ij u

r

r 2i
r
1

m
o
j1
j1

s
rzi;
z 

29

233

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

Similarly, from Eqs. (27a,b) and (28) it can be written

r
ri

m
1  m

r
zi

N

0
h E
m
X

rj
g ij u
uri
2
ro 1  m
ri
j1

!


Table 1
 3
The deflection factor a w0; 0:5  hb of simply supported FGM plate.

0 a

0 b

zh
m

E
Ti
e2
1m
30a

r
hi

m
1  m

r
zi

N

0 m
X
h E
1

ri m g ij u

rj
u
2


ro 1  m ri
j1

!


0 a

0 b

zh
m
E
T
i
e2
1m
30b

where
rki rk ri ; z k r; h; z szri szr ri ; z uki uk ri ; z
k r; z.
Assembly of Eq. (29) at all sampling points leads to the following global state equation in the matrix form

d
df Gf df Pf T
f
d
z

31

where

z
df f r

z
u

r
u

s
rz gT ; r
z r
z1 ; r
z2 ; . . . ; r
zN T

32

Coefficient partitioned matrix Gf ; Pf and T
f are described in

Appendix A, and other sub-vectors in Eq. (31) are defined in the
same manner as Eq. (32). Applying the boundary conditions at

r
ri ; 1 to the Eq. (31) results in the unique solution for the state
variables, d. Taking into account the boundary conditions, the
state-space Eq. (31) is converted to the following equation which
has unique solution

d
dfb Gfb dfb Pfb T
f
d
z

33

where the subscript, b, denotes that the state equation contains the
boundary conditions and the matrix Gfb and Pfb according to each
boundary condition type are defined in Appendix A.

k1

5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5

h
b

0:1

h
b

0:2

h
b

0:3

Present

[11]

Present

[11]

Present

[11]

91.944
56.863
34.297
20.410
12.143
7.300
4.456
2.745
1.692
1.028
0.610

91.947
56.866
34.300
20.412
12.144
7.301
4.457
2.747
1.694
1.031
0.613

47.107
29.291
17.753
10.601
6.312
3.784
2.294
1.401
0.854
0.512
0.301

47.110
29.295
17.757
10.604
6.314
3.786
2.296
1.403
0.857
0.516
0.304

32.636
20.466
12.500
7.503
4.473
2.670
1.603
0.967
0.580
0.342
0.196

32.640
20.470
12.504
7.507
4.476
2.673
1.606
0.969
0.582
0.345
0.200

Analytical solution to Eq. (33) is

Z




dfb
z eGfb
z eGfb hm dfb h
m

z

m
h

m 6
z 6 1  h

c
h

eGfb g Pfb  T
f gdg


at
34a

2.3. Thermo-elastic problem of face sheets

Governing state space differential equations containing edges
boundary conditions for face sheets are derived from Eq. (33) by
canceling b1 which their solution for metal and ceramic facing
sheets are respectively as the follow


Z
z
at
dmb
z eGmb
z dmb 0
eGmb g Pmb  T
m gdg

a. Radial normal stress

m
0 6
z 6 h

34b

b. Circumferential normal stress

c. Transverse displacement
Fig. 2. Convergence of the proposed method for sandwich annular plate with FGM core and SS boundary condition.

234

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

"
Gcb
z

dcb
z e

m h


Gcb h
f





dcb h
m hf

z

h
h
m
f

Gcb g

#


Pcb  T c gdg

6
z 6 1

h
h
m
f

at

34c

From Eqs. (28) and (30), in-plane stresses of face sheets in term
of state variables are

E
h
m
r
ri
r
zi
z j 2 h

j u
ri
r o 1  mj
1  mj
r

mj

N
X

rk
g ik u

k1

j a

j
E

T

1  mj
35a

r
hi

mj
1  mj

r
zi

N

j mj
X
h E
1

rj

ri mj g ij u
u
2


r o 1  mj r
j1

!


j a

j
E
T

1  mj

r
z s
rz 0 at z 0

c. Transverse normal stress

e. Transverse displacement

p M m  dm 0 Im
dm h

37a

m h

M  d h

m B  I
df h
f
f
f
f
f

37b

m h

Bc  Ic
dc 1 Mc  dc h
f

37c

Mm eGm hm ;
Z

m
h

Im

M f eGf hf ;

Z
Ic

eGmb g :Pmb  T
m gdg;

m h


h
f

Z
If

Bf eGf hm hf ;

M c e Gc hc ;

36a
36b

a. Radial normal stress

Relation between state variable at the top and bottom

surfaces of metal, FGM and ceramic layers are obtained from
Eqs. (34a)(34c) respectively as follow

where

35b

where j c; m.
Surface traction boundary condition at the top surface of the
ceramic and bottom surface of the metal layers are, respectively

r
z p
0 ; s
rz 0 at
z 1

2.4. Global transfer matrix and surface boundary conditions

m h


h
f

m
h

eGfb g :Pfb  T
f gdg

eGcb g Pcb  T
c gdg

b. Circumferential normal

Bc eGc

stress

d. Radial displacement

f. Temperature

Fig. 3. Effect of different lay up of sandwich plate on thermomechanical properties of sandwich circular plate with CS boundary conditions.

235

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

Since the state variables at the interfaces of the metal, FGM and
ceramic layers are continuous, so from Eqs. (37a)(37c), following
relation between the state variables at the top surface of ceramic
and the bottom surface of metal is found

dc 1 M  dm 0 B

38

where N 1 Mc  IF  M f  Mm and N2 Mc  IF  Mf  M m  Im
Mc  IF  Bf  If Bc  Ic are the global transfer matrices.
Imposing surface traction at the top and bottom surfaces of
ceramic and metal layers respectively, Eqs. (36a) and (36b), to
the Eq. (38) results in the following equations

8
9
P 0 >
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
<
uz =
>
>
>
>
:

M 11

6
6 M 21
6
6
>
ur >
4 M 31
>
>
;
0
M 41
h

M 12

M 13

M 22

M 23

M 32

M 33

M 32

M 33

8 9
38 9
M14 > 0 >
B1 >
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
7>
<
<
=
M24 7 uz
B2 =
7

7
>
M34 5>
B3 >
>
> ur >
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
: >
: >
;
;
M34
0 0
B4

d. Transverse shear stress

uz
ur

M 12
M 42

1 

P0
0

B1
B4


40

3. Numerical results and discussion

In present work, sampling points with the following coordinates [29] are used;

39

M 13
M 43

Then by using the obtained state variable at the bottom surface

of the metal and using Eqs. (34a)(34c), the state variables along
the thickness of sandwich plate are determined. In-plane stresses
are then computed by using Eqs. (35a) and (35b).

xj

where Mij and Bi are square and column sub-matrixes with dimension depending on the case of edge boundary conditions.
By solving Eq. (39), displacements at the bottom surface of
metal layer are computed as follow

a. Radial normal stress

1  cos


j  1p r o  r i
N1
2

j 1; 2; . . . ; N

The material properties of FGM core layer is made by Metal/

Ceramic with the following material properties

Em 227:24 GPa; am 15  106 =K; km 25 W=mK for Metal

Ec 125:83 GPa; ac 10  106 =K; kc 2:09 W=mK for Ceramic

b. Circumferential

normal stress

e. Radial displacement

f. Transverse displacement

Fig. 4. Effect of edges boundary conditions on the through-thickness distribution of displacements and stresses at the mid radius, r ro 2ri for hybrid annular FGM plate.

236

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

a. Radial normal stress

b. Circumferential normal stress

c. Transverse normal stress

d. Transverse shear stress

e. Radial displacement

f. Transverse displacement

g. Temperature
Fig. 5. Influence of thermal load on the stresses, displacements distributions across the thickness of FGM annular plate with cc condition.

m 0:3; T h 350 K;

hFG
5
hm

To show convergence of the present formulation, numerical

results of dimensionless deflection as well as radial and circumferential normal stresses are computed and plotted in Fig. 2. As the
figures show non-dimensional radial stresses is independent of
increasing sampling points. Also it is observed that distribution
of dimensionless deflection and circumferential stress along the
thickness direction at mid radius of sandwich plate approaches

to a specific constant value at about 14 discrete points which confirms good convergence of the method. Since thermoelastic
response of circular sandwich plate has not yet been reported in
the literature, so in order to validate the present approach, a comparison study for the thermoelastic behavior of circular plate without face sheets is carried out. Numerical result of deflection factor
(a) for circular FGM plate subjected to mechanical load is computed and along with the reported results by Yun et al. [11] are
tabulated in Table 1. Regardless of the amount of thickness-toradius ratio and gradient index, deflection factor of present

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

formulation is smaller than that of Ref. [11]. According to the table

in isotropic material, k1 0, the results of the present approach is
exactly the same as the results obtained by Yun et al. [11]. Furthermore it can be observed that by increasing the gradient index as
well as the thickness to radius ratio, difference of two results
increases. It is noted that the discrepancy of the two results
is due to the division of FGM layer to the some fictitious isotropic
layers with different thermoelastic constants in Ref. [11]. Effects of
lay-up on thermo-elastic behavior of the sandwich annular plate
subjected to thermal load and with SC boundary conditions are
considered in Fig. 3af. According to the figures in the sequence
of metal, FGM and ceramic layup, M/FGM/C, through the thickness
distribution of stresses, displacement and temperature at a given
point are always smaller in magnitude than those at the
corresponding points in the sequence of ceramic, FGM and metal,
C/FGM/M, layup. In addition, From Fig. 3a and b it is concluded that
the interface in-plane stresses are continuous. Through thickness
distribution of stresses and displacements of sandwich annular
plate with various edges condition are presented in Fig. 4ae. From
Fig. 4ac it is seen that all of stresses distribution in SS boundary
condition, compared with the other edges conditions, has minimum value and in CC boundary conditions has maximum value.
Moreover, it can be concluded that stresses distribution in FGM
layer is nonlinear function of transverse coordinate whiles it is
linear in facing sheets and this is due to the variation of material
properties in FGM layer according to the exponential function of
transverse coordinate. Fig. 4d depicts the effect of edges boundary
conditions on through the thickness distribution of radial

a. Radial normal stress

c.Transverse normal stresst

e. Radial displacement

237

displacements. According to the figure this distribution for the

plate with CC boundary conditions is minimum whereas it is
maximum for the plate with SS boundary condition. As the
Fig. 4e shows, distribution of transverse displacement along the
thickness direction is maximum for CF boundary condition
whereas it is minimum value for CC boundary condition.
Fig. 5ag depicts through-thickness distributions of the dimensionless stresses, displacement and temperature with various surface temperature difference conditions. As the Fig. 5a and b show
dimensionless radial and circumferential stresses increases by
increasing surface temperature difference whiles transverse normal stress (Fig. 5c) decrease. Besides, it is concluded that distribution of radial and circumferential normal stresses at top surface is
more affected by temperature difference than that at the bottom
surface whereas this is converse for the transverse normal stress

rz ; (Fig. 5d) increase by
distribution. Transverse shear stress, s
increasing the temperature difference in the region nearly bellow
the mid surface and then decreases above the mid surface of the
sandwich plate. From Fig. 5e and f it can be observed that radial
displacement increases and transverse displacement decreases
when surface temperature difference increases. Through the
thickness temperature distribution is represented in Fig. 5g.
According to the figure and as expected, increase surface temperature difference causes to increase temperature gradient along the
thickness direction. Influence of surface tractions on through the
thickness distribution of displacements and stresses for sandwich
circular plate with FGM core is depicted in Fig. 6af. As the
Fig. 6a shows, the neutral surface does not coincide with the mid

b. Circumferential normal stress

d. Transverse shear stress

f. Transverse displacement

Fig. 6. Influence of mechanical load on the stresses, displacements distributions across the thickness of FGM annular plate with cc condition.

238

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

Table 2
Non dimensional thermal stresses sandwich circular plate with SS, P = 0, T 1 300 K
T 2 350 K,
r 0:5
r o
r i , hhFG
5.
m
 h

h

 h

 h

ro
ri

ro
h

r
r

10
20
30
40
50
60
70

50.7345
61.3998
64.6837
66.3456
67.3640
68.0269
68.4583

0.4575
0.3792
0.1783
0.0638
0.0215
0.0064
0.0013

92.0854
13.2075
50.9592
70.9935
83.5109
91.9009
97.6917

11.5524
6.9198
6.0386
4.9821
4.0491
3.3167
2.7615

10
20
30
40
50
60
70

49.3851
64.7846
70.3959
73.3464
75.0967
76.1712
76.8388

0.3397
0.3017
0.0738
0.0114
0.0038
0.0064
0.0058

27.7063
48.2287
75.7091
90.1713
98.7314
103.9813
107.2398

14.6671
9.6147
7.1723
5.4440
4.2709
3.4691
2.9060

10
20
30
40
50
60
70

47.3694
64.7281
70.7991
73.8992
75.6593
76.6809
77.2741

0.3934
0.2253
0.0390
0.0019
0.0090
0.0085
0.0067

3.5841
60.2734
83.3312
95.2430
102.0131
105.9569
108.2723

17.3542
10.9166
7.7273
5.7359
4.4685
3.6302
3.0499

r
z

r
h

s
rz

thickness of the FGM core and it is shifted toward the stiffer surface. Moreover it is seen that stresses distribution satisfies surfaces
boundary condition. According to the figures and as expected
increase mechanical load causes to increase stresses as well as displacements. Effect of outer radius to thickness ratio, rho , on thermal
stresses at mid radius and mid surface of plate with S-S boundary
conditions for various outer radius to inner radius ratio, rro ; are
i

computed numerically and tabulated in Table 2. It is shown in

Table 2 that increase rho causes to increase radial and circumferential stresses and to decrease the transverse normal and shear stresses. In addition, it is observed that when rroi increases, all of stresses
except to transverse shear stress decreases.
4. Conclusion
In this investigation axisymmetric thermoelastic analysis of
sandwich circular plate with FGM core imbedded in metal and
ceramic facing sheets with various boundary conditions is carried
out using semi-analytical state space differential quadrature
method. Analytical solution along the thickness direction is performed by using state space technique and approximate solution
in the radial direction is obtained by applying one-dimensional differential quadrature method. This method overcomes the difficulty
conformed by the traditional state space method when applied to
analyses the plate with non-simply supported boundary conditions. From parametric study it was concluded that in the sequence
of metal, FGM and ceramic layup, M/FGM/C, through the thickness
distribution of stresses, displacement and temperature at a given
point are always smaller in magnitude than those at the corresponding points in the sequence of ceramic, FGM and metal,
C/FGM/M, layup. Also numerical results predicted the continuity
of interface in-plane stresses. The neutral surface of the FGM is
not at the mid-surface but depends on the through-thickness
variation of Youngs modulus. Stress field in SS boundary
condition has minimum value and in CC boundary conditions it
is maximum value.
Increasing the surface temperature difference causes to increase
in-plane normal stresses and to decrease transverse normal stress.
It was concluded that radial displacement increases and transverse
displacement decreases when surface temperature difference
increases.

Appendix A


 3

1 IN
0N
0N
 rho g ij 1r ij
b
7
6
7
6


 1 
7
6 1m12m
h m
0N
0N
 ro 1m g ij r ij
7
6 E
0 1m IN
7
6
Gf 6
7
21m
7
6
h
0N
 ro g ij
0N
7
6


E
0
7
6
5
4

2







2
E0
h
2
1
1



b
 rho 1m m g ij
0N
g

g

I
1 N
ij
ro
r ij ij
r ij
1m2
2

i; j 1; . . . ; N

1

where

r ij

1
ri

i j
ij

i; j 1; . . . ; N

2
3
T1
6
7
6 T2 7
6 7
6 7
6 : 7
7
T
f 6
6 : 7
6 7
6 7
6 : 7
4 5
T
N

0N
7
6
6 1 mIN 7
a
0 b
2
zh
m
7
6
Pf 6
e
7
7 1m
6
0
N
5
4

0 h g T
E
r o ij
SS
FGM layer

1 IN2
b
6
6 1m12m
6 E
0 1m IN2
6
6
0NN2
Gfb 6
6
6
4
 rho 1m m g Tss

0N2
0N2

0N2N
 rho

 rho g Tss

1m

2
h
ro

0NN2

 rho g ss ass

g ss ass

0N2N

0N

21m
IN


E

E
0
1m2

kss

1 IN
b

i; j 1; . . . ; N
2

0N2

7
6
6 1 mIN2 7
a
0 b
2
zh
m
7
6
Pfb 6
e
;
7
6 0NN2 7 1  m
5
4

0 h g T
E
r o ss

g ssij g ij i 2; . . . ;

N  1 J 1; . . . ; N
where

 
 
1
1
ass 0N21
0N21
r ss
r ssij
(1
ij
ri
i; j 2; . . . ; N  1

0 ij
kss g 2ss f ss f ssn
1; . . . ; N;

 2
1
g ss2 bss ;
r ss2

f ssij g i1 g 1j i; j 1; . . . ; N

f ssnij g iN g Nj i; j 1; . . . ; N;

8
2
< 1
:

ri

mg i1
r1

ij

 2
1
r ss2ij

i; j 1; . . . ; N

ij

bssij

g 2ssij g 2ij i; j

0NN2
N1

CC
FGM layer

mg iN
rN


;
N1

g ss2ij

g ij
i; j 1; . . . ; N
ri

3
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5

239

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

1 IN2
b
6
6 1m12m
6

6 E0 1m IN2
6
6
0N2
Gfb 6
6
6
4
 rh0 1m m g cc

 rh0 g cc 1r cc

0N2

0N2


h m
 r0 1m g cc 1r cc

 rh0 g cc

0N2

21m
IN2


E

0N2

2
h
r0

0N2

E
0
1m2

g cc2  g 2cc

0N2
0

1 2 

1 IN2
b

r cc

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5

6
6
6
6
6
6
Gfb 6
6
6
4

i;j 1;::; N

g 2ccij g 2ij i; j 2; . . . ; N  1

g g g iN g Nj i; j 2; . . . ; N  1;
1  2m i1 1j
8
2
< 1
ij
ri
i; j 2; . . . ; N  1

:
0
ij

g 0cfij

 2
1
r ccij

g ij i; j 2; . . . ; N  1;

acf

kcf g cf 2  g 2cf f cf ccf dcf ;

1 IN1
b

0n2n1
01n1

g cf 2ij

g 2cfij g 2ij i 1; . . . ; N  1 J 2; . . . ; N;
"

0N2

0N2N1

 rho g cs acs
0N2N1
21m
IN1


E
0

1 IN1
b

3
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5

i; j 1; . . . ; N
3
0N2
7
6
6 1 mIN2 7
a
0 b
2
zh
m
7
6
Pfb 6
e
;
7
6 0N1N2 7 1  m
5
4

0 h g T
E
r o cs
2

g csij g ij i 2; . . . ; N  1 J 2; . . . ; N g 2csij g 2ij i; j 2; . . . ; N;

(1

 
  
ij
1
1
r
i; j 2; ::; N  1
0N21 ;
i
acs
r cs
r csij
0 ij
ij
ij

g ij
i; j 1; . . . ; N;
ri

i; j 2; . . . ; N;

f csij

m2
1  2m

 
1
 g cs2ij  f csij
r cs2ij

CF
FGM layer

0N1

0N1
21m
IN1


E

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5

1
rN

g ij
i 1; . . . ; N  1 J
ri

f cfij g iN g Nj i

1; . . . ; N  1 J 2; . . . ; N

1 IN2
b

kcsij g 2csij

g cf

0N1

2

E0
h
kcf
ro
1m2

r cf

2; . . . ; N

6
6 1m12m I
0N2
 rho 1m m g cs acs
6 E
0 1m N2
6
6
6
 rho g Tcs
0N1
Gfb 6 0N1N2
6
4

2

E0
h
 rho 1m m g Tcs
0N1N2
kcs
ro
1m2

g ss2ij

1m

hcf

 rho g cf

(

 
1
ij
1
ri
i; j 1; . . . ; N  1
g cfij g ij i; j 1; . . . ; N  1;

r cf
0 ij

CS
FGM layer

8

 
< 1 2
1
ri

r cs2 :
0

 rho

 rho g 0cf

g0
1m cf
m

"

0N1

 rho

3
0N1N2
7
6
1 mI
N2 7
6
7
6


7  a0 eb
2
zh
m
0
Pfb 6
1N2
7 1m
6
7
6 0
N1N2
5
4

0 h g
E
r o cf 1

g ij
g cc2ij
i; j 2; . . . ; N  1;
ri
(
 
1
ij
1
ri
i; j 2; . . . ; N  1

r ccij
0 ij
f ccij

0N1

0N1

0N2
7
6
6 1 mIN2 7
a
0 b
2
zh
m
7
6
Pfb 6
e
;
7
7
6
1
m
0
N2
5
4

0 h g
E
ro cc
g ccij g ij i; j 2; . . . ; N  1;

acf

0N1

1  3

i; j 1; . . . ; N

1 IN1
b

g cs2ij

g ij
i; j 2; . . . ; N
ri

g i1 g 1j  g i1 g 1j i; j 2; . . . ; N

ccf

01N2
 1 2
r cf

g cf 1ij g ij

#
0N21


mg jN
; dcf 0n1N2
; j 1; . . . ; N  1
rN

i 1; . . . ; N  1; j 2; . . . ; N  1:

References
[1] Kant T, Swaminathan K. Analytical solutions for the static analysis of laminated
composite and sandwich plates based on a higher order refined theory.
Compos Struct 2002;56:32944.
[2] Anderson TA. A 3-D elasticity solution for a sandwich composite with
functionally graded core subjected to transverse loading by a rigid sphere.
Compos Struct 2003;60:26574.
[3] Swaminathan K, Ragounadin D. Analytical solutions using a higher-order
refined theory for the static analysis of antisymmetric angle-ply composite and
sandwich plates. Compos Struct 2004;64:40517.
[4] Li Q, Lu VP, Kou KP. Three-dimensional vibration analysis of functionally
graded material sandwich plates. J Sound Vib 2008;311:498515.
[5] Kant T, Gupta AB, Pendhari SS, Desai YM. Elasticity solution for cross-ply
composite and sandwich laminates. Compos Struct 2008;83:1324.
[6] Pandit MK, Sheikh AH, Singh BN. An improved higher order zigzag theory for
the static analysis of laminated sandwich with soft core. Finite Elem Anal Des
2008;44:60210.
[7] Brischetto S. Classical and mixed advanced models for sandwich plates
embedding functionally graded cores. J Mech Mater Struct 2009;4:1333.
[8] Wang Y, Xu RQ, Ding HJ. Free axisymmetric vibration of FGM circular plates.
Appl Math Mech Eng Ed 2009;30(9):107782.
[9] Tu TM, Thach LN, Quoc TH. Finite element modeling for bending and vibration
analysis of laminated and sandwich composite plates based on higher-order
theory. Comput Mater Sci 2010;49:S3904.
[10] Pilipchuk VN, Berdichevsky VL, Ibrahim RA. Thermo-mechanical coupling in
cylindrical bending of sandwich plates. Compos Struct 2010;92:263240.
[11] Wang Y, Rongqiao X, Haojiang D. Three-dimensional solution of axisymmetric
bending of functionally graded circular plates. Compos Struct
2010;92:168393.
[12] Abdelaziz HH, Atmane HA, Mechab I, Boumia L, Tounsi A, Abbas ABE. Static
analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates using an efficient and simple
refined theory. Chin J Aeronaut 2011;24:43448.
[13] Natarajan S, Manickam G. Bending and vibration of functionally graded
material sandwich plates using an accurate theory. Finite Elem Anal Des
2012;57:3242.

240

A. Alibeigloo / Composite Structures 136 (2016) 229240

[14] Neves AMA, Ferreira AJM, Carrera E, Cinefra M, Jorge RMN, Soares CMM. Static
analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates according to a hyperbolic
theory considering Zig-Zag and warping effects. Adv Eng Softw
2012;52:3043.
[15] Khalili SMR, Mohammadi Y. Free vibration analysis of sandwich plates with
functionally graded face sheets and temperature-dependent material
properties: a new approach. Eur J Mech A/Solids 2012;35:6174.
[16] Alibeigloo A. Three-dimensional semi-analytical thermo-elasticity solution for
a functionally graded solid and an annular circular plate. J Therm Stresses
2012;35:65376.
[17] Wang ZX, Shen SH. Nonlinear vibration and bending of sandwich plates with
nanotube-reinforced composite face sheets. Compos B 2012;43:41121.
[18] Xiang S, Kang G, Yang M, Zhao Y. Natural frequencies of sandwich plate with
functionally graded face and homogeneous core. Compos Struct
2013;96:22631.
[19] Loja MAR, Mota Soares CM, Barbosa JI. Analysis of functionally graded
sandwich plate structures with piezoelectric skins, using B-spline finite strip
method. Compos Struct 2013;96:60615.
[20] Neves AMA, Ferreira AJM, Carrera E, Cinefra M, Roque CMC, Jorge RMN. Static,
free vibration and buckling analysis of isotropic and sandwich functionally
graded plates using a quasi-3D higher-order shear deformation theory and a
meshless technique. Compos Part B Eng 2013;44:65774.
[21] Tounsi A, Houari MSA, Benyoucef S, Adda Bedia EA. A refined trigonometric
shear deformation theory for thermoelastic bending of functionally graded
sandwich plates. Aerosp Sci Technol 2013;24:20920.

[22] Shariyat M, Alipour MM. Semi-analytical consistent zigzag-elasticity

formulations with implicit layer wise shear correction factors for dynamic
stress analysis of sandwich circular plates with FGM layers. Compos B
2013;49:4364.
[23] Alibeigloo A. Three-dimensional thermo-elasticity solution of sandwich
cylindrical panel with functionally graded core. Compos Struct
2014;107:45868.
[24] Tornbene F, Fantuzzi N, Bacciocchi M. Free vibrations of free-form doublycurved shells made of functionally graded materials using higher-order
equivalent single layer theories. Compos B 2014;67:490509.
[25] Viola E, Rossetti L, Fantuzzi N, Tornabene F. Static analysis of functionally
graded conical shells and panels using the generalized unconstrained third
order theory coupled with the stress recovery. Compos Struct 2014;112:4465.
[26] Wang Y, Chen WQ, Li X. Statics of FGM circular plate with magneto-electroelastic coupling: axisymmetric solutions and their relations with those for
corresponding rectangular beam. Appl Math Mech Eng Ed 2015;36(5):58198.
[27] Tornabene F, Fantuzzi N, Viola E, Batra RC. Stress and strain recovery for
functionally graded free-form and doubly-curved sandwich shells using
higher-order equivalent single layer theory. Compos Struct 2015;119:6789.
[28] Mantari JL, Granados EV. Thermoelastic behavior of advanced composite
sandwich plates by using a new 6 unknown quasi-3D hybrid type HSDT.
Compos Struct 2015;126:13244.
[29] Shu C, Richards BE. Application of generalized differential quadrature to solve
two-dimensional incompressible NavierStokes equations. Int J Numer
Methods Fluids 1992;15:7918.