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Culture Documents
toPIC 6
Surface area
and volume
6.1 Overview
Why learn this?
Humans must measure! How much paint or carpet will you need to
redecorate your bedroom? How many litres of water will it take to fill
the new pool? How far is it to the end of the universe? These are just
a few examples of where measurements skills are needed. Measuring
tools have advanced significantly in their capacity to measure extremely
small and extremely large amounts, leading to many breakthroughs in
medicine, engineering, science, architecture and astronomy.
Learning sequence
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Overview
Area
Total surface area
Volume
Review ONLINE ONLY
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c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 229
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6.2 Area
The area of a figure is the amount of surface covered by the figure.
The units used for area are mm2, cm2, m2, km2 or ha (hectares), depending upon the size
of the figure.
l ha = 10 000 (or 104) m2
There are many reallife situations that require an understanding of the area concept.
Some are, the area to be painted, the floor area of a room or house, how much land
one has and how many tiles are needed for a wall.
It is important that you are familiar with converting units of area.
Formula
1. Square
A = l2
l
2. Rectangle
A = lw
l
w
A = 12bh
3. Triangle
h
b
4. Trapezium
A = 12 (a + b)h
h
b
A = r2
5. Circle
r
A = bh
6. Parallelogram
h
b
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 230
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Shape
Formula
A=
8. Kite
(including
rhombus)
r2
360
7. Sector
9. Ellipse
b
a
Note: A calculator uses a stored value for of approximately 3.141 592 654. Before
calculators were in common usage, was often taken to be approximately 22
or 3.14. You
7
22
are advised to use the button on your calculator rather than 7 or 3.14.
Herons formula
b
If the lengths of all three sides of a triangle are known,
its area, A, can be found by using Herons formula:
c
A = !s(s a) (s b) (s c) where a, b and c are the
a+b+c
.
lengths of the three sides and s is the semiperimeter where s =
2
eles-0177
WorKeD eXamPLe 1
Find the areas of the following plane figures, correct to 2 decimal places.
a
b
3 cm
5 cm
2 cm
5 cm
15 cm
40
6 cm
tHInK
a
WrIte
A = !s(s a) (s b) (s c)
a = 3, b = 5, c = 6
s =
a+b+c
2
3+5+6
=
2
14
=
2
= 7
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 231
231
19/08/14 2:57 PM
a = 5, b = 2
A = 52
= 31.42 cm2
= 40, r = 15
A =
A =
=
=
=
b
!7(7 3) (7 5) (7 6)
!7 4 2 1
!56
7.48 cm2
A = ab
A=
r2
360
40
152
360
= 78.54 cm2
WorKeD eXamPLe 2
AB = 8 cm
EC = 6 cm
FD = 2 cm
232
B
9 cm
D
2 cm
E
5 cm
D
H
tHInK
b A
10 cm
WrIte
a
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 232
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Atriangle = 12bh
ABC: b = AB = 8, h = EC = 6
Area of ABC =
ABD: b = AB = 8, h = FD = 2
1
2
1
2
AB EC
86
= 24 cm2
1
2
82
= 8 cm2
Arectangle = l w
Rectangle ABGH: l = 9 + 2 + 9
= 20
w = 10
Area of ABGH = 20 10
= 200 cm2
Rectangle DEFC: l = 5, w = 2
Area of DEFC = 5 2
= 10 cm2
Area = 200 10
= 190 cm2
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 233
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reFLeCtIon
How are perimeter and area
different but fundamentally
related?
PraCtIse
Questions:
1, 35, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14
ConsoLIDate
Questions:
16, 810, 12, 14, 16, 18
Individual pathway interactivity
master
Questions:
19, 1219
int-4593
c
4 cm
4 cm
doc-5236
15 cm
12 cm
doc-5237
10 cm
12 cm
8 cm
15 cm
13 mm
8 mm
18 cm
7 mm
i
6m
15 cm
10 cm
7m
18 cm
b
3 cm
8 cm
5 cm
16 cm
6 cm
12 cm
234
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 234
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WE1b
Find the area of the following ellipses. Answer correct to 1 decimal place.
9 mm
12 mm
4 mm
5 mm
Find the area of the following shapes, i stating the answer exactly; that is, in terms
of and ii correct to 2 decimal places.
WE1c
30
70
6 mm
18 cm
12 cm
345
A figure has an area of about 64 cm2. Which of the following cannot possibly
represent the figure?
A A triangle with base length 16 cm and height 8 cm
B A circle with radius 4.51 cm
C A rectangle with dimensions 16 cm and 4 cm
D A square with side length 8 cm
E A rhombus with diagonals 16 cm and 4 cm
7 MC The area of the quadrilateral shown below right is to be calculated.
Which of the following lists all the lengths required
C
to calculate the area?
A AB, BC, CD and AD
F
B AB, BE, AC and CD
B
C BC, BE, AD and CD
D AC, BE and FD
E AC, CD and AB
E
6 MC
WE2
20 cm
15 cm
40 m
28 m
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 235
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8 cm
2 cm
3 cm
3.8 m
2.1 m
f
28 cm
18 cm
5 cm
12 cm
16 m
b
8m
2m
2m
3 cm
7 cm
4 cm
3m
40
8m
8m
5m
15 m
5m
2m
7.5 m
13 m 7 m
5m
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 236
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UNDERSTANDING
10 A sheet of cardboard is 1.6 m by 0.8 m. The following shapes are cut from the cardboard:
3m
Find the cost of the job if the workman charges $40.00 per m2.
14 A tennis court used for doubles is 10.97 m wide, but a singles court is only 8.23 m
wide, as shown in the diagram.
8.23 m
6.40 m
10.97 m
11.89 m
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Area
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 237
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REASONING
16 Dan
has purchased a country property with layout and dimensions as shown in the
diagram.
a Show that the property has a total area of 987.5 ha.
N
b Dan wants to split the property in half (in terms of area) by
building a straightlined fence running either northsouth
1500 m
or eastwest through the property. Assuming the cost of the 5000 m
fencing is a fixed amount per linear metre, justify where the
2000 m
fence should be built (that is, how many metres from the
top lefthand corner and in which direction), to minimise
1000 m
the cost.
17 In question 15, Ron the excavator operator could choose to enclose a rectangular or
circular area with 100 m of barricade mesh. In this case, the circular region resulted in
a larger safe work area.
a Show that for 150 m of barricade mesh, a circular region again results in a larger
safe work area as opposed to a rectangular region.
b Show that for n metres of barricade mesh, a circular region will result in a larger
safe work area as opposed to a rectangular region.
PROBLEM SOLVING
18
C
D
40 cm
y
E 10 cm
80 cm
ABC
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19
AD
a Using trigonometry, show that
= sina b.
r
2
CD
b Show that
= cos a b.
r
2
r2sina bcosa b
2
2
c Show that the area of triangle ACD is
.
2
Note that this formula is the same if is in degrees or radians.
d Finally, show that the area of the segment (in purple) is
C
r
D
A
CHaLLenge 6.1
doc-5241
A special case of the rectangular prism is the cube, where all sides are
equal (l = w = h).
TSA = 6l2
l
Note: The mathematics required to prove the formula for the total surface area of a sphere
is beyond the scope of Year 10.
int2782
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 239
239
19/08/14 2:58 PM
Cylinder:
TSA = 2r(r + h) or 2r2 + 2rh
The formula for the TSA of a cylinder is found from the area of the net as shown.
TSA = r2 + r2 + 2rh
= 2r2 + 2rh
= 2r(r + h)
r
A = r 2
2r
A = 2rh
r
A = r 2
WorKeD eXamPLe 3
Find the total surface area of the solids, correct to the nearest cm2.
r = 7 cm
50 cm
1.5 m
tHInK
a
WrIte
r = 50 cm, h = 1.5 m
= 150 cm
TSA = 4r2
r=7
TSA = 4 72
615.8 cm2
616 cm2
TSA = 2r(r + h)
TSA of cones
The total surface area of a cone can be found by considering its net, which is comprised
of a small circle and a sector of a larger circle.
r = radius of the cone
l
l = slant height of the cone
l
240
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The sector is a fraction of the full circle of radius l with circumference 2l.
The sector has an arc length equivalent to the circumference of the base of the cone,2r.
The fraction of the full circle represented by the sector can be found by writing the arc
2r r
= .
length as a fraction of the circumference of the full circle,
2l l
Area of a sector = fraction of the circle l 2
r
= l2
l
= rl
SA = Acircular base + Acurved surface
Therefore,
= r2 + rl
= r(r + l)
Cone: TSA = r(r + l) or l2 + rl
WorKeD eXamPLe 4
15 cm
WrIte
TSA = r(r + l)
r = 12, l = 15
TSA = 12 (12 + 15)
= 1017.9 cm2
12 cm
5 cm
6 cm
WrIte/DraW
There are five faces: The square TSA = Area of square base + Area of four
base and four identical triangles.
triangular faces
5 cm
3 cm
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 241
241
19/08/14 2:58 PM
242
a2 = c2 b2, where a = h, b = 3, c = 5
h 2 = 52 32
h2 = 25 9
h2 = 16
h = 4 cm
Area of triangular face = 12 6 4
= 12 cm2
TSA = 36 + 4 12
= 36 + 48
= 84 cm2
WorKeD eXamPLe 6
6 cm
WrIte/DraW
6 cm
10 cm
5 cm
a2
h2
h2
h2
h
=
=
=
=
=
c2 b2, where a = h, b = 5, c = 6
62 52
36 25
11
3.316 62 cm (or with rounding, h = 3.3)
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 242
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1
2
10 3.316 62
WorKeD eXamPLe 7
WrIte
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 243
243
19/08/14 3:12 PM
reFLeCtIon
Why is calculating the total
surface area of a composite
solid more difficult than for
a simple solid such as a
rectangular prism or cylinder?
PraCtIse
Questions:
14, 6ae, 7, 10, 12
ConsoLIDate
Questions:
14, 6, 7, 912, 15, 18
master
Questions:
18, 1018
int-4594
FLuenCy
12 cm
1.5 m
15 cm
3m
20 cm
doc5238
8 cm
10 cm
WE3
2m
21 cm
0.5 m
12 cm
244
30 cm
2.1 m
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 244
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WE4
8 cm
20 cm
12 cm
14 cm
WE5
a
12 cm
2.5 m
15 cm
1.5 m
9.1 cm
m
8c
14 cm
6 cm
7.2 cm
5.1 cm
10 cm
7 cm
10 cm
8 cm
b
5 cm
12 cm
5 cm
20 cm
20 cm
35 cm
12 cm
d
2 cm
2.5 c
5 cm
3 cm
3 cm
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 245
19/08/14 3:12 PM
5 cm
f
3.5 cm
20 cm
10 cm
12 cm
15 cm
2
A cube has a total surface area of 384 cm . The length of the edge of the cubeis:
A 9 cm
B 8 cm
C 7 cm
D 6 cm
E 5 cm
7 MC
UNDERSTANDING
cones are made from nets cut from a large sheet of paper 1.2 m 1.0 m.
Ifacone has a radius of 6 cm and a slant height of 10 cm, how many cones
canbemade from the sheet? (Assume there is 5% wastage of paper.)
9 A steel girder is to be painted. Calculate the area of the surface to be painted.
8 Open
2 cm
2 cm
5 cm
2 cm
20 cm
120 cm
12 cm
The greenhouse shown below is to be built using shade cloth. It has a wooden
door of dimensions 1.2 m 0.5 m.
a Find the total area of shade cloth needed to
complete the greenhouse.
b Find the cost of the shade cloth at $6.50 per m2.
10 WE7
5m
2.5 m
3m
11 A
10 cm
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 246
19/08/14 3:12 PM
2 cm
70 cm
A friend completes the calculation as shown. Assume there are no simple calculating
errors. Analyse the working presented and justify if the TSA calculatedis correct.
Table top (inc. leg bases)
0.96
2 (0.8 0.6)
Legs
0.416
16 (0.52 0.05)
0.504
TSA
1.88 m2
shower recess with dimensions 1500 mm (back wall) by 900 mm (side wall) needs
to have the back and two side walls tiled to a height of 2 m.
a Calculate the area to be tiled in m2.
b Justify that 180 tiles (including those that need to be cut) of dimension 20 cm by
20 cm will be required. Disregard the grout.
c Evaluate the cheapest option of tiling; $1.50/tile or $39.50/box, where a box covers
1 m2, or tiles of dimension 30 cm by 30 cm costing $3.50/tile.
15 A
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 247
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16
ProBLem soLVIng
Frustum of a cone
V
17 A frustum of a cone is a cone with the top
x
x
sliced off (see the drawing on the right).
A
B
When the curved side is opened up, it
t
s
s
2t
creates a shape, ABYX, as shown in the s
s
diagram.
X
Y
r
2r
a Write an expression for the arc length
XY in terms of the angle . Write
another expression for the arc length AB in terms of the same angle . Show that, in
2(r t)
.
radians, =
s
st
b i Using the above formula for , show that x =
.
(r t)
ii Use similar triangles to confirm this formula.
c Determine the area of sectors AVB and XVY and hence determine the area of ABYX.
Add the areas of the 2 circles to the area of ABYX to determine the TSA of a frustum.
18 Tina is recovering a footstool in the shape of a cylinder with diameter 50 cm and
height 30 cm. She also intends to cover the base of the cushion.
She has 1 m2 of fabric to make this footstool. When calculating the area of fabric
required, allow an extra 20% of the total surface area to cater for seams and pattern
placings. Explain whether Tina has enough material to cover the footstool.
doc-5242
6.4 Volume
The volume of a 3dimensional object is the amount of space it takes up.
The volume is measured in units of mm3, cm3 and m3.
Volume of a prism
int1150
248
If the surface area of a sphere to that of a cylinder is in the ratio 4:3 and the sphere
has a radius of 3a, show that if the radius of the cylinder is equalto its height, then the
3 !3a
radius of the cylinder is
.
2
The volume of any solid with a uniform crosssectional area is given by the formula:
V = AH, where A is the crosssectional (or base) area and H is the height of the solid.
Cube
Volume = AH
= area of a square height
l
= l2 l
= l3
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 248
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Rectangular
prism
Volume = AH
= area of a rectangle height
= lwh
w
l
Cylinder
r
h
Volume = AH
= area of a circle height
= r2h
Volume = AH
= area of a triangle height
= 12bh H
Triangular
prism
H
h
b
WorKeD eXamPLe 8
14 cm
20 cm
tHInK
a
5 cm
4 cm
10 cm
WrIte
V = AH
= r2h
r = 14, h = 20
V = 142 20
12 315.04 cm3
b = 4, h = 5, H = 10
V = 12 4 5 10
= 100 cm3
V = 12bh H
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 249
249
19/08/14 3:12 PM
WorKeD eXamPLe 9
What effect will doubling each of the side lengths of a cube have on its
volume?
b What effect will halving the radius and doubling the height of a cylinder
have on its volume?
250
tHInK
a
WrIte
a
V = l3
lnew = 2l
Vnew = (2l) 3
= 8l3
V = r2h
r
rnew = , hnew = 2h
2
r 2
Vnew = a b 2h
2
r2
=
2h
24
r2h
=
2
= 12r2h
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 250
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Volume of spheres
WorKeD eXamPLe 10
Find the volume of a sphere of radius 9 cm. Answer correct to 1 decimal place.
tHInK
WrIte
V = 43r3
r=9
V = 43 93
= 3053.6 cm3
Volume of pyramids
Pyramids are not prisms as the crosssection changes from the base
upwards.
The volume of a pyramid is onethird the volume of an equivalent prism
with the same base area and height.
Volume of a pyramid = 13 AH
H
Area of base = A
Base
= 13r2h
WorKeD eXamPLe 11
b
10 cm
12 cm
8 cm
8 cm
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 251
251
19/08/14 3:12 PM
tHInK
252
WrIte
V = 13r2h
r = 8, h = 10
V = 13 82 10
= 670.21 cm3
A = l2 where l = 8
A = 82
= 64 cm2
H = 12
V = 13 64 12
= 256 cm3
V = 13AH
3m
1.5 m
tHInK
WrIte
Vcube = l3 where l = 3
Vcube = 33
= 27 m3
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 252
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A = l2
= 32
= 9 m2
H = 1.5
V = 27 + 4.5
= 31.5 m3
Capacity
Some 3dimensional objects are hollow and can be filled with liquid or some other
substance.
The amount of substance which a container can hold is called its capacity.
Capacity is essentially the same as volume but is usually measured in mL, L and kL
where 1 mL = 1 cm3
1L = 1000 cm3
1kL = 1m3.
WorKeD eXamPLe 13
tHInK
WrIte
V = lwh
l = 50, w = 30, h = 40
V = 50 30 40
= 60 000 cm3
= 60 000 mL
= 60 L
The capacity of the fish tank is 60 L.
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 253
253
19/08/14 3:12 PM
reFLeCtIon
Volume is measured in cubic
units. How is this reflected in
the volume formula?
PraCtIse
ConsoLIDate
Questions:
18, 1012, 14, 16, 19, 20,
22,25
master
Questions:
118, 2026
int-4595
FLuenCy
1
doc5239
3 cm
doc5240
4.2 m
12 cm
15 cm
4.2 cm
20 cm
7.5 cm
3 cm
b
18 mm
15 cm
WE8 Find the volume of each of the following. Give each answer correct to 1 decimal
place where appropriate.
b
14 cm
2.7 m
12 cm
1.5 m
d
10 cm
7 cm
12 mm
8 mm
8 cm
254
Questions:
14, 68, 9a, 10, 13, 14, 20
6 mm
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 254
19/08/14 3:12 PM
f
6.
45 c
m
35
18 cm
7.1 m
Find the volume of a sphere (correct to 1 decimal place) with a radius of:
a 1.2 m
b 15 cm
c 7 mm
d 50 cm.
WE10
30 cm
1.4 m
d
4.6 m
18 mm
WE11a
Find the volume of each of the following cones, correct to 1 decimal place.
b
20 mm
10 cm
22 mm
6 cm
WE11b
a 12 cm
b
42 cm
24 cm
10 cm
30 cm
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 255
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8 WE12
10 cm
8 cm
5 cm
12 cm
5 cm
20 cm
20 cm
35 cm
12 cm
d
2 cm
2.5 c
5 cm
3 cm
3 cm
5 cm
3.5 cm
20 cm
10 cm
12 cm
15 cm
UNDERSTANDING
9 WE9 a What
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 256
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11 Tennis
12 WE13
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 257
19/08/14 3:13 PM
16 The
What would be the volume of the missing portion of the pyramid shown?
4m
5m
6m
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 258
19/08/14 3:13 PM
REASONING
20 Archimedes
21 Marion
has mixed together ingredients for a cake. The recipe requires a baking tin that
is cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 5 cm. Marion only has
a tin as shown below left and a muffin tray consisting of 24 muffin cups. Each of the
muffin cups in the tray is a portion of a cone as shown in the diagram below.
Should Marion use the tin or the muffin tray? Explain.
12 cm
8 cm
4 cm
4 cm
10 cm
15 cm
8 cm
22 Nathaniel
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 259
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ProBLem soLVIng
25
260
26
x
H
h
X
X
doc6733
A frustum of a square-based pyramid is a square pyramid with the top sliced off.
a Find the volume of the large pyramid which has a square base side of X cm.
b Find the volume of the small pyramid which has a square base side of x cm.
Xh
c Show that the relationship between H and h is given by H =
.
Xx
1
d Show that the volume of the frustum is given by h(X2 + x2 + Xx).
3
CHaLLenge 6.2
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 260
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ONLINE ONLY
6.5 Review
www.jacplus.com.au
Review
questions
Download the Review
questions document
from the links found in
your eBookPLUS.
Language
int-2841
int-2842
area
capacity
circle
composite figure
cone
crosssection
cube
cylinder
ellipse
face
hemisphere
parallelogram
prism
pyramid
rectangle
rhombus
sector
semiperimeter
sphere
square
surface
trapezium
triangle
volume
int-3593
www.assesson.com.au
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 261
261
19/08/14 3:13 PM
RICH TASK
So close!
Measurement errors
When we measure a quantity by using a
scale,the accuracy of our measurement
depends on the markings on the scale. For
example, the ruler shown can measure both
incentimetres and millimetres.
Measurements made with this ruler
would have 0.5 mm added to the
measurement.The quantity 0.5 is
called thetolerance of measurement or
measurementerror.
Tolerance of measurement = 12 size of smallest marked unit
For a measurement of 5.6 0.5 mm, the largest possible value is 5.6 cm + 0.5 mm = 5.65 cm, and the
smallest value is 5.6 cm 0.5 mm = 5.55 cm.
262
Maths Quest 10
8 for
+ Victoria
10A
Australian Curriculum edition
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 262
19/08/14 3:15 PM
C
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 263
263
19/08/14 3:20 PM
<INVESTIGATION>
MEASUREMENT
AND
FOR
GEOMETRY
RICH TASK OR <MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY> FOR PUZZLE
CODE PUZZLE
Australian inventions!
The answers to the measurement problems give the puzzles code.
20
4.5
30
56
4.5
28.27
92
120
4.5
27
50.27
92
30
320
2m
13 cm
3m
8 cm
10 cm
Volume = G m (2 d.p.)
Area = A cm
11 m
12 m
2 mm
400 cm
700 cm
Volume = O m
8m
8 cm
2 mm
5 mm
Area = H m
area = 3 cm2
Volume = B mm
Area = P cm (2 d.p.)
15 mm
3m
3
Volume = I cm
2
Area = C m (2 d.p.)
3m
8m
5m
Volume = R m
Area = K mm
1m
1m
6m
4 cm
3 cm
16 mm
2 cm
2
Volume = D m
20 mm
Area = T mm
5 cm
Area = L cm
9 cm
6 cm
3m
15 cm
Area = E cm
Volume = X cm (2 d.p.)
Volume = M m
8 cm
5 cm
12 m
10 m
6m
5m
13 m
8m
2
Volume = F cm (2 d.p.)
264
67.5
Area = Y m
Area = N m
20
92
28.27
1200
20
56
471.24
125.66
4.5
14.14
110
320
27
67.5
27
56
120
24
120
67.5
28.27
56
120
1.5
67.5
120
Maths Quest 10
8 for
+ Victoria
10A
Australian Curriculum edition
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 264
19/08/14 3:15 PM
Activities
6.1 Overview
Video
The story of mathematics (eles1845)
6.2 Area
Interactivity
IP interactivity 6.2 (int-4593) Area
eLesson
Herons formula (eles0177)
Digital docs
SkillSHEET (doc5236): Conversion of area units
SkillSHEET (doc5237): Using a formula tofind
the area of a common shape
WorkSHEET 6.1 (doc5241): Area
6.3 Total surface area
Interactivities
TSA sphere (int2782)
IP interactivity 6.3 (int-4594) Total surface area
Digital docs
SkillSHEET (doc5238): Total surface area
of cubes and rectangular prisms
WorkSHEET 6.2 (doc5242): Surface area
To access eBookPLUS activities, log on to
6.4 Volume
Interactivities
Maximising the volume of a cuboid (int1150)
IP interactivity 6.4 (int-4595) Volume
Digital docs
SkillSHEET (doc5239): Conversion of volume units
SkillSHEET (doc5240): Volume of cubes and
rectangular prisms
WorkSHEET 6.3 (doc6733): Volume
6.5 Review
Interactivities
Word search (int2841)
Crossword (int2842)
Sudoku (int3593)
Digital docs
Topic summary (doc13721)
Concept map (doc13722)
www.jacplus.com.au
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 265
265
19/08/14 3:15 PM
Answers
1 a 16 cm2
b 48 cm2
c 75 cm2
d 120 cm2
e 706.86 cm2
f 73.5 mm2
2
2
g 254.47 cm
h 21 m
i 75 cm2
2 Part e = 225 cm2; part g = 81 cm2
3 a 20.7 cm2
b 7.64 cm2
4 a 113.1 mm2
b 188.5 mm2
5a i 12 cm2
ii 37.70 cm2
69
mm2
ii 108.38 mm2
2
c i 261 cm2
ii 819.96 cm2
6 E
7 D
8 a 123.29 cm2
b 1427.88 m2
c 52 cm2
d 30.4 m2
e 78 cm2
f 2015.5 cm2
9 a 125.66 cm2
b 102.87 m2
c 13.73 m2
2
2
d 153.59 m
e 13.86 m
f 37.5 m2
10 11 707.92 cm2
11 21 m2
12 60
13 $840
14 a 260.87 m2
b 195.71 m2
c 75%
15 a 50 = x + y
b y = 50 x
c Area = 50x x2
b i
x
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
2) 0 225 400 525 600 625 600 525 400 225 0
Area (m
e No, impossible to make a rectangle.
Area
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 x
g x = 25
h y = 25
i Square
j 625 m2
k r = 15.915 m
l 795.77 m2
m 170.77 m2
16 a Students work
b 2020.83 m; horizontal
17 a Circular area, 1790.49 m2; rectangular area, 1406.25 m2
1
18 x = 50 cm, y = 30 cm
19 Teacher to check
4
or 1.27 times larger.
Challenge 6.1
29
50
600 cm2
27 m2
113.1 m2
452.4 cm2
1495.4 cm2
506.0 cm2
224.1 cm2
b
e
b
e
90 m2
125.7 cm2
3072.8 cm2
193.5 cm2
c
f
c
f
11 309.7 cm2
1531.4 cm2
75 cm2
1547.2 cm2
8 60
c 2!7 m2
14 The calculation is correct.
15 a 6.6 m2
b
b
b
d
$455
$168.47
x = 1; y = !3
6!3 cm2
!7
m
2
d !7 !7 1
b
b Back wall = 80 tiles
Side wall = 50 tiles
80 + 50 + 50 = 180 tiles
c Cheapest: 30 cm by 30 cm, $269.50; 20 cm by 20 cm
(individually) $270; 20 cm by 20 cm (boxed) $276.50
3!3a
16 r =
2
17 a Arc length XY = (x + s)
Arc length AB = x
b i x =
2t
st
=
rt
ii
x
t
=
x+s r
x2
2
(s + x) 2
Area of sector XVY =
2
s(s + 2x)
Area of ABYX =
2
s(s + 2x)
TSA of frustum = (t2 + r2) +
2
18 The area of material required is 1.04 m2. If Tina is careful in
placing the pattern pieces, she may be able to cover the footstool.
c Area of sector AVB =
600
500
400
300
200
100
5 a 13.5 m2
d 9852.0 mm2
6 a 880 cm2
d 70.4 cm2
7 B
9 11 216 cm2
10 a 70.0 m2
11 a 3063.1 cm2
12 a = 120
c 3!3 cm2
e 32
13 a 8 m2
b 384 cm2
c 1440 cm2
b 6729.3 cm2
c 8.2 m2
b 502.7 cm2
b 9.4 m2
c 340.4 cm2
27 cm3
b 74.088 m3
3
3600 cm
d 94.5 cm3
450 mm3
b 360 cm2
6333.5 cm3
b 19.1 m3
280 cm3
d 288 mm3
91.6 m3
f 21 470.8 cm3
3
7.2 m
b 14 137.2 cm3
1436.8 mm3
d 523 598.8 cm3
3
11 397.34 cm
b 1.44 m3
12 214.51 mm3
d 101.93
377.0 cm3
b 2303.8 mm3
400 cm3
b 10 080 cm3
1400 cm3
b 10 379.20 cm3
c 41.31 cm3
48.17 cm3
e 218.08 cm3
f 3691.37 cm3
Vnew = 27l3, the volume will be 27 times as large as the
original volume.
1
1
b Vnew = l2, the volume will be of the original volume.
8
8
c Vnew = 2r2h, the volume will be twice as large as the original
volume.
1 a
c
2 a
3 a
c
e
4 a
c
5 a
c
6 a
7 a
8 a
d
9 a
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume_4.indd 266
19/08/14 5:36 PM
original value.
10 E
11 7438.35 cm3
12 4417.9 L
13 10 215.05 cm3
14 a H = 6 m
b 112 m3
c 19 bins
d 112 000 L
e 1.95 m from floor
15 a i 4.57 cm
ii 262.5 cm2
b i 14.15 cm
ii 323.27 cm2
c i 33.3 cm
ii 434.28 cm2
d Sphere. Costs less for a smaller surface area.
V
r2
b i 31.8 cm
16 a h =
ii 8.0 cm
V
h
d r 0, since r is a length
e i 7.6 cm
ii 6.2 cm
17 1000
18 a 0.025 46 m
b 0.3568 m
c Aa = 157.88 m2, Ab = 12.01 m2
19 a 126.67 m3
b 180 m3
20 Answers will vary.
21 Required volume = 1570.80 cm3; tin volume = 1500 cm3;
muffin tray volume = 2814.72 cm3. Marion could fill the tinand
have a small amount of mixture left over, or she could almost fill
14 of the muffin cups and leave the remaining empty.
c
1 2
1
XH
b x2 (H h)
3
3
c, d Check with your teacher
26 a
Challenge 6.2
18 scoops
Investigation Rich task
1 a The temperature reading is 26.5C.
b The smallest unit mark is 1C, so the tolerance is 0.5.
c Largest possible value = 27C, smallest possible value = 26C
2 a Largest value = 37.28, smallest value = 36.98
b Largest value = 2681.965, smallest value = 2649.285
3 a i 4002000
ii
4000000
b The result for i has 4 significant figures, whereas ii has only
1 significant figure after rounding. However, ii is closer to the
Code puzzle
c06SurfaceAreaAndVolume.indd 267
19/08/14 2:55 PM