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This article and the attached presentation were
presented by Professor Gustaf Olsson as a keynote at the IWA
Conference on Design, Operation and Economics of Large
Wastewater Treatment Plants, held in Prague in September 2015.
Content Table
Control of Wastewater Treatment Plants
ICA Development
Control of unit process operations
Process interactions
Integrated control
Resource recovery
Decentralized systems
Conclusions
References
ControlofWastewaterTreatmentPlants
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nutrient sensors;
Nitrate recirculation control in pre-denitrification plants based
on DO and nitrate measurements in the aerobic and anoxic zones,
respectively;
Sludge retention time control based on measurements of effluent
ammonia concentration and the estimated nitrification capacity;
Return sludge control based on sludge blanket measurements in
the settler;
The control of the feed rate to anaerobic processes aimed at
stabilizing the process and maximizing the biogas production;
Chemical precipitation control based on local measurements of
phosphate concentration.
It has been demonstrated that ICA may increase the capacity of
biological nutrient removal plants by 10-30%. With further
understanding and exploitation of the relationship between operational
parameters and the microbial population dynamics and biochemical
reactions and increased maturity of advanced on-line sensors, the
improvements offered by ICA will likely reach even higher levels within
the next 10-20 years. Comprehensive reviews of these control systems
developments can be found in Olsson-Newell (1999), Olsson et al.
(2005, 2014), mand et al., (2013) and Olsson (2008, 2012).
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plant to the power grid (Nowak et al., 2011). However, the organic
carbon used for energy production would no longer be available for
achieving a high-level of nitrogen removal. The development of the
Anammox process has the potential to provide a solution to the
problem associated with the A/B process.
The novel process designs pose challenging control problems. First of
all, the A-stage should be operated such that a maximum amount of
COD is absorbed/adsorbed/bioassimilated into the A-sludge, thus
making more carbon available for bio-energy recovery. Even more
challenging is the provision of suitable conditions in the AOB/Anammox
reactor(s) such that AOB (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) and Anammox
bacteria develop in partnership while nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB)
are eliminated. While a number of strategies are available for the
elimination of NOB in conventional systems (Yuan et al., 2008), the
stable elimination of NOB in a main-stream Anammox system is an
unsolved problem, and ICA may play an important role in achieving this
goal.
A further challenge that future ICA systems have to address is the
mitigation of N2O emissions from biological nitrogen removal plants. It
is known that operational conditions such as DO, nitrite and inorganic
carbon concentrations, pH level and biomass specific nitrogen loading
rate play critical roles (Law et al., 2012). The control of these
parameters at levels that would minimise N2O emissions yet allowing
satisfactory nitrogen removal is yet to be developed and demonstrated.
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CREATED
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