1.

0 Introduction
(2x 3) cm

x cm
(x 2) cm

x cm

If the area of the rectangle is equal to the area of the square, then we can form an equation.

( 2 x3 )( x2 )=( x )( x )
2 x 27 x +6=x 2
Equations of this form are known as quadratic equations.

The term "quadratic" comes from quadratus, which is the Latin word for "square".
In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a polynomial equation of the second degree. It is
because the highest power of x is 2 and involves only one unknown.
The general form of a quadratic equation is

where x represents a variable or an unknown, and a, b, and c are constants with a 0.

The root of a quadratic equation is the value of the unknown in the equation which satisfies
the equation.
The roots of a quadratic equation can be determined by solving a quadratic equation.
Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring, completing the square and using
the quadratic formula
a) Factorising : ( x p )( x q ) = 0
x = p or x = q
b) Completing the square method
b b24 ac
c) Formula x=
2a

If p and q are the roots of a quadratic equation, then the quadratic equation is:
x2 ( p + q)x + pq = 0
where ( p + q ) is the sum of roots and pq is the product of the roots
There are three possible cases for the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a 0
a) b2 4ac > 0 The roots are distinct
b) b2 4ac = 0 The roots are equal
c) b2 4ac < 0 The roots are not real
2.0 Mapping
Form
Prior
knowledge

Algebraic
Expressions
Squares, Square
roots, Cubes and
Cube Roots
Linear Equations
Coordinates
Algebraic Formulae
Graphs of Functions
Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Functions
Functions
Simultaneous
Equations

Form 1

Form 2

Form 3

Form 4

Form 5

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Topic

: Quadratic Equations

Subtopic

: 2.1

Quadratic Equation and Its Roots

2.2

Solving a Quadratic Equation

2.3

Types of the Roots of the Quadratic Equation

Learning objective

: The pupils will be taught to;

a) Understand the concept of quadratic equations and their root
b) Understand and use the conditions for quadratic equations to
have;
i) two different roots;
ii) two equal roots;
iii) no roots.

Learning outcomes

: At the end of this lesson, the pupils will be able to;

i) Determine the roots of quadratic equation by factorisation;
completing the square; and using the quadratic formula.
ii) Determine types of roots of quadratic equations
from the value of b2 4ac

Activity

: Activity 1 (Solving Quadratic Equations)

Activity 2 (Types of Roots of Quadratic Equations)

Practise Exercise (Activity 1)

1. Solve the quadratic equation x + 5x + 6 = 0.

2

x + 5x + 6 = 0
(x + 2) (x + 3) = 0
x + 2 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = -2 or x = -3
2

2. Solve the quadratic equation 2x (x 1) = 6.

2x (x 1) = 6
2x x 6 = 0
(2x + 3) (x 2) = 0
2x + 3 = 0 or x 2 = 0
x = - 3/2 or x = 2
2

3.

4. Solve 2x 8x + 7 = 0 by using formula. Give your answer correct to 4 significant figures.

2

a = 2, b = -8 , c = 7

Practise Exercise (Activity 1)

1. Solve the quadratic equation x + 5x + 6 = 0.

2

2. Solve the quadratic equation 2x (x 1) = 6.

3.

4. Solve 2x 8x + 7 = 0 by using quadratic formula. Give your answer correct to 4

significant figures.
2