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Sl. No.
Name
Designation
1.
Principal
SHKGSBV Ring Road,
Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi-110024
2.
Kiran Bhutani
Lecturer (Chemistry)
R.P.V.V. Surajmal Vihar, Delhi-110092
3.
Lecturer (Chemistry)
R.P.V.V., Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi-110024
4.
Lecturer (Chemistry)
G.B.S.S. School, No. 3
Bhola Nath Nagar, Shahdra, Delhi.
5.
Lecturer (Chemistry)
R.P.V.V. Gandhi Nagar, Delhi-110031
6.
Vice Principal
G.B.S.S., Nithari.
REVIEWED BY
Sl. No.
Name
Designation
1.
R.A. Verma
Principal
GBSSS No. 1, Shakti Nagar, Delhi-110007
2.
Kiran Bhutani
P.G.T. (Chemistry)
RPVV Suraj Mal Vihar, Delhi-110012
3.
P.G.T. (Chemistry)
G.B. Sr. Sec. School, No. 3
Bholanath Nagar, Shahdara, Delhi
XII Chemistry
CONTENTS
S.No.
Chapter
Page
1.
2.
Solutions
3.
Electro Chemistry
16
4.
Chemical Kinetics
24
5.
Surface Chemistry
31
6.
36
7.
41
8.
52
9.
Co-ordination Compounds
61
10.
69
11.
77
12.
85
13.
Amines
94
14.
Biomolecules
98
15.
Polymers
104
16.
109
Model Papers
XII Chemistry
116
2
UNIT - 1
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name the crystal system for which all four types of unit cells are possible.
[Ans. Orthorhombic]
6.
What is the total number of atoms per unit cell in a fcc crystal structure?
[Ans. 4]
7.
What difference in behaviour between the glass and sodium chloride would
you expect to observe, if you break off a piece of either cube?
8.
9.
What type of stochiometric defect is shown by (i) ZnS and (ii) CsCl?
[Hint. : (i) Frenkel defect (ii) Schottky defect]
*10.
11.
an octahedral void
3
XII Chemistry
(b)
a tetrahedral void.
13.
Arrange simple cubic, bcc and fcc lattice in decreasing order of the fraction
of the unoccupied space.
[Hint. : fcc < bcc < simple cubic]
14.
15.
An element crystallises separately both in hcp and ccp structure. Will the
two structures have the same density? Justify your answer.
[Hint : Both crystal structures have same density because the percentage
of occupied space is same.]
*16.
*17.
Calculate the number of atoms in a cubic unit cell having one atom on
each corner and two atoms on each body diagonal.
[Hint : No. of atoms = 8 1/8 + 4 2 = 9]
18.
In NaCl crystal, Cl ions form the cubic close packing. What sites are
occupied by Na+ ions.
19.
In Corundum, O2 ions from hcp and Al3+ occupy two third of octahedral
voids. Determine the formula of corundum.
[Ans. : Al2O3]
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Name the crystal defect which lowers the density of an ionic crystal.
[Ans. : Schottky defect]
XII Chemistry
25.
26.
Which Point defect in ionic crystal does not alter the density of the relevant
solid?
27.
Name one solid in which both Frenkel and Schottky defects occur.
28.
29.
30.
List four distinctions between crystalline and amorphous solids with one
example of each.
2.
(b)
3.
4.
5.
Explain :
6.
(a)
(b)
XII Chemistry
(b)
Window glass panes of old buildings are thicker at the bottom than
at the top.
7.
8.
AB AB ...............
Derive the formula for the density of a crystal whose length of the edge
of the unit cell is known?
ZM
*Hint : d
a
NA
10.
Explain how much portion of an atom located at (a) corner (b) body centre
(c) face-centre and (d) edge centre of a cubic unit cell, is part of its
neighbouring unit cells.
*11.
*12.
13.
Intrinsic semiconductor
(b)
Extrinsic semiconductor.
14.
Explain how vacancies are introduced in a solid NaCl crystal when divalent
cations are added to it.
15.
16.
Define the term point defects Mention the main difference between
stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric point defects.
XII Chemistry
Write the relationship between atomic radius (r) and edge length (a) of
cubic unit cell for
(a)
(b)
(c)
Hint : a a
2.
*4.
b a
c a
2 2r
3.
2r
group 13 element,
(b)
group 15 element.
Ferrimagnetism
(b)
(c)
13-15 compounds
Antiferromagnetism
Examine the defective crystal lattice given below and answer the following
questions :
(a)
(b)
Out of AgCl and NaCl, which is most likely to show this type of
defect and why?
(c)
XII Chemistry
NUMERICALS
1.
*2.
*3.
1
1
of the tetrahedral holes and
of the
8
2
octahedral holes in a closed packed array of oxides ions. What si the
formula of magnetite?
[Ans. : Fe3O4]
with iron atoms occupying
4.
A metal crystalises into two cubic lattices fcc and bcc, whose edge length
are 3.5 and 3.0 respectively. Calculate the ratio of the densities of fcc
and bcc lattices.
[Ans. : 1.26]
5.
An element of atomic mass 98.5 g mol1 occurs in fcc structure. If its unit
cell edge length is 500 pm and its density is 5.22 g cm3. Calculate the
value of Avogadro constant.
[Ans. : 6.03 1023 mol1]
6.
7.
A fcc unit cell containing atoms of element (molar mass 60.4 g mol1) has
cell edge 4 108 cm. Calculate the density of unit cell.
[Ans. : 6.23 g/cm3]
*8.
Hint : i d
9.
ZM
a
NA
ii Z
0.1
100
3.996
Analysis shows that a metal oxide has a empirical formula M0.96O. Calculate
the percentage of M2+ and M3+ ions in this crystal.
[Ans. : M2+ = 91.7%, M3+ = 8.3%]
XII Chemistry
10.
AgCl is doped with 102 mol% of CdCl2, find the concentration of cation
vacancies.
[Ans. : 6.02 1019 mol]
11.
A metallic element has a body centered cubic lattice. Edge length of unit
cell is 2.88 108 cm. The density of the metal is 7.20 gcm3. Calculate
(a)
(b)
(c)
[Ans. : (a) 2.39 1023 cm3 (b) 1.72 1022 g, (c) 1.162 1024 atoms]
12.
Molybednum has atomic mass 96 g mol1 with density 10.3 g/cm3. The
edge length of unit cell is 314 pm. Determine lattice structure whether
simple cubic, bcc or fcc.
(Given NA = 6.022 1023 mol1)
*13.
The density of copper metal is 8.95 g cm3. If the radius of copper atom
is 127 pm, is the copper unit cell a simple cubic, a body-centred cubic or
a face centred cubic structure?
(Given at. mass of Cu = 63.54 g mol1 and NA = 6.02 1023 mol1]
[Ans. : Z = 4 fcc type]
ZM
[Hint : d
question.
Calculate P.E. by
fcc unit cells].
14.
NA
Z
43 r
a
XII Chemistry
UNIT - 2
SOLUTIONS
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
Which type of solid solution will result by mixing two solid components with
large difference in the sizes of their molecules?
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
*11.
XII Chemistry
10
M
M
,
2
10
*12.
N2 and O2 gases have KH values 76.48 Kbar and 34.86 kbar respectively
at 293 K temperature. Which one of these will have more solubility in
water?
*13.
*14.
15.
What will happen to the boiling point of the solution on mixing two miscible
liquids showing negative deviation from Raoults law.
16.
Liquid Y has higher Vapour pressure than liquid X, which of them will
have higher boiling point?
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
If kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol1. What is the freezing point of 0.1 molal
solution of a substance which undergoes no dissociation or association of
solute.
[Hint :
Tf = iKf . m]
23.
Name the component that separate first when salt solution is frozen.
24.
*25.
What is the maximum value of Vant Hoff factor (i) for Na2SO4 . 10H2O?
[Ans. : i = 3]
26.
What is the value of Vant Hoff factor (i) if solute molecules undergo
dimerisation.
[Ans. : i = 0.5]
27.
XII Chemistry
*28.
The Phase Diagram for pure solvent and the solution containing nonvolatile solute are recorded below. The quantity indicated by X in the
figure is known as :
[Ans. : Tb]
V.P.
uid
Liq ion
lut
So
X
T
*29.
o
b
Tb
S
P
M
0.01 M
NaCl
Y
2.
(b)
Ionic compounds are soluble in water but are insoluble in nonpolar solvents.
(b)
3.
4.
5.
Draw the total vapour pressure Vs. mol fraction diagram for a binary solution
exhibiting non-ideal behaviour with negative deviation.
XII Chemistry
12
6.
The vapour pressure curve for three solutions having the same non-volatile
solute in the same solvent are shown. The curves are parallel to each
other and do not intersect. What is the correct order of the concentrations
of the solutions.
[Hint. : A < B < C]
1 atm.
A
V.P.
B
C
Temp
7.
8.
9.
*10.
When 1 mole of NaCl is added to 1 litre water the boiling point increases.
When 1 mole of CH3OH is added to 1 litre water, the boiling point decreases.
Suggest reason.
11.
*12.
1 gram each of two solutes A and B (molar mass of A > molar mass of
B) are dissolved separately in 100 g each of the same solvent. Which
solute will show greater elevation in boiling point and Why?
(a)
(b)
XII Chemistry
2.
(b)
(c)
3.
4.
(b)
(c)
5.
6.
RBC swell up and finally burst when placed in 0.1% NaCl solution.
(b)
When fruits and vegetables that have been dried are placed in
water, they slowly swell and return to original form.
(c)
*7.
Glycerine, ethylene glycol and methanol sell at the same price per Kg.
Which would be cheaper for preparing an antifreeze solution for the radiator
of an automobile?
[Ans. : Methanol]
*8.
XII Chemistry
14
(b)
[Elevation in b.pt.]
(c)
2.
3.
4.
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Calculate the amount of ice that will separate out on cooling solution
containing 50 g of ethylene glycol in 200 g H2O to 9.3C. (Kf for
water = 1.86 K kg mol1)
[Ans. : 38.71g]
(a)
(b)
(c)
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1.
15
XII Chemistry
2.
Hint : M
M 1V1
V1
M 2V 2
V2
3.
4.
5.
6.
The solubility of oxygen in water is 1.35 103 mol L1 at 20C and 1 atm
pressure. Calculate the concentration of oxygen at 20C and 0.2 atm
pressure.
[Ans. : 2.7 104 mol L1]
7.
Two liquids X and Y on mixing form an ideal solution. The vapour pressure
of the solution containing 2 mol of X and 1 mol of Y is 550 mm Hg. But
when 4 mol of X and 1 mole of Y are mixed, the vapour pressure of
solution thus formed is 560 mm Hg. What will be the vapour pressure of
pure X and pure Y at this temperature?
[Ans. : X = 600 mm Hg; Y = 400 mm Hg]
8.
9.
10.
XII Chemistry
16
11.
Calculate the amount of NaCl which must added to one kg of water so that
the freezing point is depressed by 3K. Given Kf = 1.86 K kg mol1, Atomic
mass : Na = 23, Cl = 35.5).
[Ans. : 0.81 mol NaCl]
12.
13.
14.
*15.
16.
*17.
18.
19.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(ii)
17
XII Chemistry
20.
The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 750 mm Hg
respectively, at 350K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total
vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour
phase. [Ans. : XA = 0.4, XB = 0.6, YA = 0.3, YB = 0.7]
21.
XII Chemistry
18
UNIT - 3
ELECTRO CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Give the condition for Daniell Cell in which there is no flow of electrons or
current or we can conclude that there is no chemical reaction.
5.
6.
Can you store zinc sulphate solution in a copper container? Give suitable
reason.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(a)
(b)
M(s) at
List the two factors that influence the value of cell potential of a galvanic
cell.
19
XII Chemistry
11.
12.
Write the relation between Eocell and equilibrium constant (K) of cell reaction.
13.
14
15.
16.
17.
*18.
Galvanized iron does not corrode even if the coating of zinc is broken.
Explain why?
o
o
(Given : EFe2 / Fe 0.44V; E
Zn
19.
*20.
21.
Zn
0.76V ]
22.
*23.
24.
25.
26.
XII Chemistry
20
2.
3.
4.
conventional
Zn s Zn
*5.
1M
method
Cu
of
representing
Daniel
cell
is
1M Cu s .
(i)
Draw a diagram of the cell and mark anode and cathode as current
is drawn from the cell.
(ii)
Write the reactions taking place at the cathode and the anode
during the operation of Daniel cell.
m value of water.
6.
Write the cell reaction which occur in the lead storage battery (a) when the
battery is in use (b) when the battery is on charging.
7.
8.
Account for the fact that when chlorine is passed through a fluoride solution,
no reaction takes place. (Given E
9.
2.87V; E
o
Cl 2 2Cl
1.36V ).
Copper does not dissolve in HCl (aq) but dissolves in HNO3 (aq) producing
Cu2+ ions. Explain the difference in behaviour.
[Given E
o
Cu
Cu
0.34V; E
NO (g) + 2H2O, E
10.
o
F 2 2F
o
Cl 2 2Cl
NO 3 NO
0.97V ].
(b)
11.
What are fuel cells? Describe the principle and overall reaction involved in
the working of hydrogenoxygen fuel cell.
12.
Ionic mobility.
(b)
21
Overvoltage.
XII Chemistry
*13.
14.
*15.
E Value
F2/F
2.9V
Ag+/Ag
0.8V
Cu+/Cu
0.5V
Fe2+/Fe
0.4V
Na+/Na
2.7V
K+/K
2.9V
(a)
(b)
(b)
Aq.AgNO3
Aq.CuSO4
(a)
(b)
XII Chemistry
22
Using the standard electrode potential, predict the reaction, If any that
occurs between the following :
(a) Fe
aq and I
aq , E
o
Fe
Ag
aq and Cu s , E
Fe
Fe2
o
Cu
Cu
0.77V; E
o
0.77V; EBr
0.34V; E
o
I 2 2I
2Br
1.07V
o
Ag
0.54V
Ag
0.8V
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
Formulate the galvanic cell in which the following reaction takes place :
Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq)
State
(a)
(b)
(c)
XII Chemistry
*7.
E Value
Zn (OH)2/Zn
1.245 V
Mg (OH)2/Mg
2.690 V
Fe (OH)2/Fe
0.877 V
Fe (OH)3/Fe
2.30 V
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
Mg Mg
Given E
Cu
Cu
0.001M
Cu
0.34 V ; E
Mg
0.0001M Cu
2
Mg
2.375V .
[Ans. : 2.651 V]
2.
3.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
XII Chemistry
24
resistance of the mixture, using the same cell? Assume that there
is no increase in the degree of dissociation of (A) and (B) on
mixing.
[Ans. : 66.66 ohm]
[Hint. : k = Conductivity, y = Cell constant]
1
y, k 2
50
k1
k1
1
y : Specific conductance of mixture
100
k2
2
k1
k2
1
R
4.
1 y
2 50
y,
y
100
1
R
66.66 ohm
(a)
(b)
5.
(a)
(b)
Fe
Given E
o
Ce
Ce
Ce
1.44V; E
Ce
Fe
o
Fe
Fe
0.68V.
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
*1.
1M Cu
2
1M Cu
1M Cu,
1M Cu,
25
E
E
0.46V
1.1V
XII Chemistry
2.
Ag
[Ans. : 0.64 V]
1M Ag s
3.
1M
0.0 1M
Cu
0.1M Cu s
(a)
(b)
Calculate
o
Cu
0.34V; E
Cu
o
Fe
0.44V
Fe
5.
6.
Write the Nernst equation and calculate the emf of the following cell at
298K.
Cu(s) | Cu2+ (0.130M) || Ag+ (102 M) | Ag(s)
Given E
7.
o
Cu
Cu
0.34V; E
o
Ag
Ag
0.80V.
[Ans. : 0.25V]
A zinc rod is dipped is 0.1M solution of ZnSO4. The salt is 95% dissociated
at this dilution at 298K. Calculate the electrode potential
o
Zn
Zn
XII Chemistry
0.76V .
[Ans. : 0.7902V]
26
8.
For the electrode Pt, H2 (1 atm) | H+(aq) (XM), the reduction electrode
potential at 25C is 0.34V. Write the electrode reaction and calculate the
value of X. How will you deduce the pH of solution from this result?
[Ans. : X = 1.807 106, pH = 5.743]
9.
For what concentrations of Ag+ (aq) will the emf of the given cell be zero
at 25C if concentration of Cu 2+ (aq) is 0.1M? Given
o
Ag
Ag
0.80V. E
o
Cu
0.34V.
Cu
10.
11.
12.
The molar conductivities of NH+4 ion and Cl ion are 73.5 S cm2 mol1 and
76.255 cm2 mol1 respectively. The specific conductivity of 0.1 M NH4Cl is
1.288 102 Scm1. Calculate the dissociation constant of NH4Cl.
[Ans. : 7.396 102]
13.
Molar conductivity at infinite dilution for NH4Cl, NaOH and NaCl solution
at 298K are respectively 129.8, 218.4 and 108.9 Scm2 mol1 and m for
102 M solution of NH4OH is 9.33 Scm2 mol1. Calculate the degree of
dissociation of NH4OH.
[Ans. : 0.039]
14.
Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cell at 298 K; Pt(s)/
Br2(l)| Br(0.010M)|| H+(0.030M)|H2(g) (0.9 bar)|Pt(s). EoBr/Br/Pt = 1.0 9V.
[Ans. : 0.88V7]
15.
In the button cells widely used in watches and other derices, the following
reaction takes place :
Zn(s) + Ag2O (s) + H2O (l)
Determine
rG
27
XII Chemistry
Given : f G Ag2O 11.20
kJ
kJ
f G H2O 237.13
mol
mol
f G Zn2 147.06
[Ans. :
XII Chemistry
kJ
kJ
f G HO 157.24
mol
mol
rG
28
UNIT - 4
CHEMICAL KINETICS
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
3.
Express the rate of reaction in terms of Br (aq) as reactant and Br2 (aq)
as product for the reaction :
5 Br(aq) + BrO3 (aq) + 6H+ (aq)
4.
or
P
t
3 Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l )
P
t
R
t
2NH3 (g)
6.
7.
Write the unit of first order rate constant of gaseous reaction if the partial
pressure of gaseous reactant is given in bar.
8.
XII Chemistry
Conentration [A]
[A] 0
Time (t)
9.
10.
What will be the order of reaction, if the rate of reaction does not depend
on the concentration of any of the reactant.
For the elementary step of a chemical reaction :
A + H2O
rate
[A]1
Rate = k [A] n, the rate of the above reaction quadruples when the
concentration of A is doubled. What is the value of n?
[Ans. : n = 2]
12
13.
*14.
Express the relation between the half life period of a reactant and initial
concentration for a reaction of nth order.
1
Ans. : t 1 2
n 1
A 0
*15.
16.
XII Chemistry
30
*17.
For a chemical reaction, activation energy is zero and at 300k rate constant
is 5.9 105 sec1, what will be the rate constant at 400k?
[Ans. : 5.9 105 sec1]
*18.
Two reactions have identical values of Ea. Does this ensure that also they
will have the same rate constant if run at the same temperature? Explain.
[Hint : Rate depends on the nature and concentrations of reactants and
also pre-exponential factor.
19.
20.
For a chemical reaction rate constant k = 5.3 104 mol L1 s1 what will
be the order of reaction?
[Ans. : Zero order]
21.
Write the rate law and order for the following reaction :
AB2 + C2
AB2 + C
AB2C + C (slow)
AB2C (Fast)
[Ans. : Rate = k [AB2] [C2]; Order = 1 + 1 = 2]
List four factors which affect the rate of a chemical reaction. State how
each of these factors changes the reaction rate.
23.
Differentiate between
24.
(a)
(b)
P is given by
31
XII Chemistry
Hint :
25.
New rate
Previous rate
k 2A
k A
B
2
m
B
2NO2(g);
If the volume of the reaction vessel is doubled, how would it affect the rate
of the reaction?
[Ans. : Diminish to 1/8 volume of initial value]
26.
27.
Show that time required for 99.9% completion of the first order reaction is
10 times of t1/2 for first order chemical reaction.
28.
The graphs (1 and 2) given below are plots of rate of reaction verses
concentration of the reaction. Predict the order from the graphs.
1.
2.
rate
rate
concn. of reactant
29.
(a)
For a reaction A + B
concn. of reactant
r = k [A]1/2 [B]2
What is the order of reaction?
(b)
30.
2NO2(g) is
NO O 2
NO 3 slow
XII Chemistry
32
(b)
1
NO2 + NO2 (fast)
NO3 + NO
32.
33.
34.
(b)
Room temperature
(b)
(c)
(b)
Potential energy of Q.
(c)
Heat of reaction.
Potential
energy
31.
10kJ
9kJ
Q
P
Reaction Coordinate
33
XII Chemistry
(a)
(b)
[A] mol/L
[B] mol/L
2.5 104
3 105
5 104
104
105
4 103
2.5
1 103
6 105
1.6 102
Calculate (i) the order of reaction with respect to A and with respect
to B. (ii) the rate constant at 300K.
36.
37.
(a)
(b)
(a)
Derive the equation for rate constant of a first order reaction. What
would be the units of the first order rate constant if the concentration
is expressed in moles per litre and time in second?
(b)
For first order chemical reaction half life period (t1/2) is concentration
independent. Justify the statement by using integrated rate equation.
NUMERICALS
38.
104
XII Chemistry
34
40.
41.
In the reaction R
P, the concentration of R decreases from 0.03M to
0.02 M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using unit of
time both in minutes and seconds.
[Ans. : 4 104M min1, 6.66 106 M s1]
42.
A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15 103 s1. How long will 5g
of this reactant take to reduce to 3g?
[Ans. : t = 444 s]
43.
The rate of reaction triples when the temperature changes from 20C to
50C. Calculate the energy of activation. [R = 8.314 J k1 mol1, log 3 =
0.48]
[Ans. : 12.59 kJ]
*44.
RT
[Hint : k
Ae a
. In the absence of catalyst, Ea = x kJ mol1. In the
presence of catalyst, Ea = (x 20) kJ mol1]
[Ans. : Ea = 100 kJ mol1]
45.
The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the
following equation log k = 14.34 1.25 104 K/T. Calculate Ea for this
reaction and at what temperature will its half-life be 256 minutes.
[Ans. : Ea = 239.34 kJ; T = 670k]
46.
Show that for a first order reaction, time required for 99% completion is
twice for the time required for the completion of 90% of reaction.
47.
[A] mol/L1
[B2] mol/L1
0.5
0.5
1.6 104
0.5
1.0
3.2 104
1.0
1.0
3.2 104
Ans. :
35
dx
dt
k B2
XII Chemistry
48.
49.
Rate = k [PH3]. The rate constant is 6.0 104 s1 at 300K and activation
energy is 3.05 105 J mol1. Calculate the value of the rate constant at
310K. (R = 8.314 J k1 mol1).
[Ans. : 30.97 103 s1]
50.
360
720
35.0
54.0
63.0
XII Chemistry
36
UNIT 5
SURFACE CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
Why does a gas mixed with another gas not form a colloidal system?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(b)
10.
11.
XII Chemistry
12.
Why gas masks are used by miners in coal mines while working?
13.
2H 2S
3S
sol
2H 2O
14.
[Ans. : lactobacilli]
15.
What are the optimum temperature and pH under which enzymes are
highly active.
[Ans. : Temperature 298310K and pH 5 to 7]
16.
What are the physical states of dispersed phase and dispersion medium
in foam rubber.
17.
Sulphur sol
(b)
Solution of KCl
(c)
Starch sol
(d)
C 17H35COONa+
18.
19.
Why tyndal effect is observed when colloidal solutions are viewed at right
angles to the passage of light?
20.
21.
22.
23.
Why is the ester hydrolysis slow in the beginning and becomes faster after
sometime.
24.
25.
What happens when hydrated ferric oxide (+ve sol) and arsenious sulphide
(ve sol) are mixed in almost equal proportions?
*26.
XII Chemistry
38
27.
*28.
29.
*30.
31.
Ultramicroscope does not provide any information about the size and
shape of colloidal particles. Why?
How Brownian movement is responsible for the stability of sols?
[Hint : Stirring effect due to Brownian movement does not allow the particles
to settle down.]
32.
33.
State the purpose of impregnating the filter paper with colloidion solution.
34.
36.
37.
38.
extent of adsorption]
Ag NO3 Solution
KI Solution
KI Solution
Ag NO3 Solution
(I)
(II)
XII Chemistry
39.
40.
What happens :
(a)
(b)
Write the factors upon which the catalytic reaction of shape-selective catalyst
depends?
[Hint : (a) Pore structure of the catalyst; (b) Size and shape of the reactant
and product molecules.]
41.
Mention two examples of emulsifying agents for o/w emulsions and w/o
emulsions.
42.
43.
What are the conditions for the occurrence of (a) Electrophoresis and (b)
Electroosmosis?
44.
45.
46.
47.
Vegetable oil l
H2 g
(b)
C 12H 22O 11 aq
H 2O l
C 6H 12O 6 aq
48.
Ni s
Vegetable ghee s
H 2SO 4 aq
C 6H 12O 6 aq
In what way, these are different : (a) a sol and a gel (b) a gel and an
emulsion.
XII Chemistry
40
49.
50.
51.
*52.
(a)
(b)
Zeta potential.
x
and log p is a straight line at an angle of 45
m
with intercept on the y-axis i.e. (log k) equal to 0.3010. Calculate the
amount of the gas absorbed per gram of the adsorbent under a pressure
of 0.5 atmosphere.
Kp
1
n
0.5
1.0
*53.
Mention the two necessary conditions for the observation of Tyndall effect.
*54.
*55.
56.
*57.
(a)
(b)
(b)
(b)
XII Chemistry
59.
(b)
60.
61.
Mention the two important features of solid catalysts and explain with the
help of suitable examples.
62.
How are the following colloids different from each other in respect of
dispersion medium and dispersed phase? Give one example of each type.
(a) An aerosol (b) A hydrosol (c) An emulsion.
63.
What happens :
64.
65.
66.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
(a)
(b)
[Ans. (a) Sun is at horizon and blue part of the light is scattered away by the
dust particles as light has to travel a long distance through the
atmosphere.
(b)
CH
CH
H2
Pd
CH 2
CH 2
H2
Pd
CH 3 CH 3
CH CH H 2
CH 2 CH 2
BaSO 4 , quinoline
(BaSO4Quinoline act as poison. The catalyst in this case is not
effective in further reaction].
Pd
XII Chemistry
42
UNIT 6
2.
*3.
Give the names and formulae of three ores which are concentrated by
froth floatation process.
[Ans. : Galena (PbS), Zinc blend (ZnS) cinnabar (HgS)]
4.
Among Fe, Cu, Al and Pb, which metal (s) can not be obtained by smelting.
[Ans. : Al]
5.
*6.
7.
8.
43
XII Chemistry
9.
Name the most important form of iron. Mention its one use.
[Ans. : Cast iron, for making gutter pipes, casting stoves, railway sleepers,
toys etc.]
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
*15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Write the reaction involved in the extraction of copper from low grade ores.
[Ans. : First Step is leaching of ore wrong acind or bacteria then Cu2+ (aq)
+ H2 (g)
Cu(s) + 2H+ (g)]
20.
XII Chemistry
44
21.
Zinc is used but not copper for the recovery of metallic silver from the
complex [Ag(CN)2], although electrode potentials of both zinc and copper
are less than that of Ag. Explain why?
[Hint : Zinc reacts at faster rate as compared with copper, further zinc is
cheaper than copper].
*23.
24.
25.
26.
(a)
(b)
Extraction of copper directly from sulphide ore is less favourable than from
its oxide through reduction. Explain.
[Ans. : 2Cu S(s) + C(s)
CuO(s) + C(s)
28.
Write the chemical formulae of the following ores (a) Haematite (b) Magnetite
(c) Limonite (d) Siderite.
[Ans. : (a) Fe2O3 (b) Fe3O4 (c) Fe2O3 . 2H2O (d) FeCO3]
29.
XII Chemistry
30.
31.
32.
Write the Chemical reactions taking place in different zones in the blast
furnace for the extraction of iron from its ore.
33.
How are impurities separated from bauxite ore to get pure alumina?
34.
35.
36.
(ii)
37.
*38.
Zn
CO]
*39.
975 K
Zn
Zn
is ve, E
Cu
Cu
is
ve ]
XII Chemistry
46
On the basis of above data, predict the temperature at which carbon can
be used as a reducing agent for MgO(s).
[Ans. : For the reaction, MgO(s) + C(s)
At 1273K,
Gr =
Gf[CO(g)]
Mg(s) + CO(g)
= 502 kJ mol1
At 2273 K,
41.
How is pure copper obtained from its principle ore? Write the chemical
reactions occurring during the extraction.
42.
Hg
(b) Sn
(c) Cu
(d) Ge
(e) Ni
(f) Zr
(ii)
(i)
G/kJ mol
of O2
43.
1000
1100
4
Al + O2
3
+
2Mg
0C
273K
O2
4
Al O
3 2 2
A
2MgO
1200C
1473K
1600C
1873K
Temperature
47
XII Chemistry
*44.
The native silver forms a water soluble compound (B) with dilute aqueous
solution of NaCN in the presence of a gas (A). The silver metal is obtained
by the addition of a metal (C) to (B) and complex (D) is formed as a
byproduct. Write the structures of (C) and (D) and identify (A) and (B) in
the following sequence
Ag + NaCN + [A] + H2O
[C] + [B]
[Ans. :
[B] + OH + Na+.
[D] + Ag.
[A] = O2
[B] = Na [Ag(CN)2]
[C] = Zn
[D] = Na2 [Zn (CN)4] ].
XII Chemistry
48
UNIT 7
2.
3.
4.
p-block elements exhibit highest group oxidation state equal to group number
minus ten. The lower oxidation state shown by heavier members of the
group is two units less than higher group oxidation state due to inert pair
effect. The stability of higher oxidation state decreases while that of lower
oxidation state increases down the group.
5.
6.
All the elements of group 15 form hydrides of type EH3 in which element
E is sp3 hybridized.
7.
8.
9.
Oxygen exhibits 2 oxidation state except in F2O (+2), F2O2 (+1) and H2O2
(1). As the electronegativity decreases down the group, the tendency to
exhibit 2 oxidation state decreases.
49
XII Chemistry
10.
11.
All the noble gases have configuration ns2 np6 except He having ls2 closedshell configuration.
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule with a triple bond between the two
atoms, whereas the heavier elements of the group do not. Assign a reason.
[Hint : p p multiple bonds are formed by N due to its small size.]
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
How does ammonia solution react with Ag+ (aq)? Write the balanced
chemical equation.
XII Chemistry
50
10.
Why does NH3 forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds but PH3 does not?
[Hint : Due to strong electronegativity, small size of Nitrogen atom and
presence of lone pair of electrons.]
11.
12.
13.
(HI) = 7 1011
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
POCl3 + 2DCl]
20.
XII Chemistry
21.
Why we can not prepare HBr by heating KBr with sulphuric acid.
[Hint : As HBr readily reduces H2SO4 forming Br2]
22.
23.
24.
Fluorine exhibit only 1 oxidation state whereas other halogens exhibit +ve
oxidation states also. Explain.
25.
*26.
The majority of known noble gas compounds are those of Xenon. Why?
*27.
*28.
*29.
[Hint : : O N O : , : O N O
, : O N O
NO2 has one non-bonding electron, NO2 has 2 non-bonding e, NO2+ has
no non-bonding e on N atom. Bond angle of NO 2 is maximum but of
NO2 minimum].
30.
31.
Draw the structure of H2S2O8 and find the number of SS bond if any.
XII Chemistry
52
32.
*33.
The negative value of electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less than that
of chlorine.
[Hint. : Due to small size of F atom, there are strong inter electronic
repulsions in the relatively smaller 2p orbitals of fluorine. So the incoming
electron does experience less attraction than in Cl]
*34.
Which one of the following is not oxidised by O3. State the reason.
Kl, FeSO4, K2MnO4, KMnO4
[Hint. : KMnO4 since Mn is showing maximum oxidation state of +7.]
2.
Why is red phosphorous denser and less chemically reactive than white
phosphorous?
3.
Give chemical reaction in support of the statement that all the bonds in
PCl5 molecule are not equivalent.
[Hint : PCl5 + H2O
4.
POCl3 + 2HCl
(b)
5.
Draw the structures of BrF3, XeOF4, XeO3, N2O3 using VSEPR theory.
6.
Write the conditions that favour the formation of ammonia gas along with
the reactions involved in Habers Process.
53
XII Chemistry
7.
(b)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
(i)
Heat
(NH4)2 Cr2O7
(ii)
NH4 Cl aq
(i)
NH2CONH2 + H2O
(ii)
(i)
Ca 3P2
(ii)
I2 + HNO3 (conc.)
(i)
Heat
Ba(N3)2
(ii)
Heat
4H3PO3
NaNO 2 aq
H2O l
(i)
PH4I + KOH
(ii)
HgCl2 + PH3
(i)
PCl3 + 3H2O
(ii)
S + H2SO4 (conc.)
(i)
(ii)
HCl
(i)
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
(ii)
XeF4 + H2O
XII Chemistry
O2
CuCl2
54
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
(i)
(ii)
NaHCO3 + HCl
(i)
XeF6
H2O
Hydrolysis
(ii)
XeF6
H2O
Hydrolysis
(i)
NO3 + Fe2+ + H+
(ii)
Zn + HNO3 (dil)
(i)
Zn + HNO3 (conc)
(ii)
P4 + HNO3 (conc)
(i)
NH3 O2
(ii)
P4 + NaOH + H2O
(i)
P4 + SOCl2
(ii)
P4 + SO2Cl2
(i)
PbS + O3
(ii)
KI + H2O + O3
(i)
(ii)
S8 + Cl2
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
Complete
Partial
Pt Rn
55
XII Chemistry
26.
27.
28.
(i)
Fe + HCl
(ii)
ClF + H2O
(i)
U + ClF3
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
29.
(i)
30.
(ii)
(i)
31.
32.
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their basicity. Assign the
reason :
PH3, NH3, SbH3, AsH3, BiH3.
*33.
*34.
P4 + NaOH + H2O
(b)
HNO2
XII Chemistry
56
*35.
Suggest reason why only known binary compounds of noble gases are
fluorides and oxides of Krypton, Xenon.
[Hint : F and O are most electronegative elements]
*36.
Which fluorinating agent are oftenly used instead of F2? Write two chemical
equations showing their use as fluorinating agents.
[Hint : BrF5 + 3H2O
2IF7 + SiO2
*37.
HBrO3 + 5HF
2IOF5 + SiF4]
(a)
(b)
38.
Xe + 4HF)]
(b)
2.
3.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(ii)
(iii)
57
XII Chemistry
4.
(ii)
(iii)
[Hint :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2KI + Cl2
Excess
5.
6.
8.
2HIO3 + 10 HCl
Colourless.
Explain why :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
7.
5Cl2 + I2 + 6H2O
2KCl + I2
H2S
(ii)
H2O
(a)
(b)
(c)
(iii)
H2Te
(i)
How is XeO3 prepared from XeF6? Write the chemical equation for
the reaction.
(ii)
(i)
XII Chemistry
58
*9.
(ii)
(iii)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction of copper metal with
conc. HNO3.
10.
11.
(ii)
Helium has the lowest boiling point than any known substance.
Arrange the following in the order of the property indicated for each set
(a)
(b)
(c)
[Hint :
*12.
(a)
(b)
(c)
XII Chemistry
13.
14.
16.
(b)
(c)
(b)
What are the products obtained when X2 reacts with H2O? Write
chemical equation.
(c)
(b)
Why does R3P = 0 exist but R3N = 0 does not? (R = alkyl group).
(c)
[Hint :
(a)
p
bonds
(c)
How is PH3 prepared in the laboratory? How is it purified? How does the
XII Chemistry
60
3.
4.
(b)
(c)
(d)
H3PO2 and H3PO3 act as good reducing agents while H3PO4 does
not.
(e)
(a)
How is XeF6 prepared from the XeF4? Write the chemical equation
for the reaction.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(a)
5.
Oxygen
(b)
Halogens
(c)
Metals
(b)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
61
XII Chemistry
*6.
(Colourless
Oily liquid)
Excess
of Cl2
H2O
E (Acid)
C
(Acid)
CH3COOH
CH3COOH
H2 O
CH3COCl
(Yellowish
white solid)
8.
(b)
(c)
O2
A + O2
B + H2O
C + I
Pt Rh
H2O
B (Brown fumes)
C + A (C is an oxoacid)
D (Violet vapours)
XII Chemistry
62
9.
10.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
63
XII Chemistry
UNIT 8
2.
3.
All the transition metals have high density, hardness and other metallic
characters due to unpaired electrons and stronger metallic bonds and
exhibit paramagnetism, those which contain no unpaired electron are
diamagnetic.
4.
5.
6.
The transition metals and their compounds also exhibit catalytic property
and paramagnetic behaviour.
7.
8.
9.
All the Lanthanoides are rather soft and white; they react easily with H2O.
XII Chemistry
64
QUESTIONS
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Gold has completely filled d-orbitals (5d10) in its ground state. How can
you say that it is a transition element.
7.
In 3d series (Sc
Out of the following elements, identify the element which does not exhibit
variable oxidation state?
Cr, Co, Zn.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Why Mn2+ compounds are more stable than Fe2+ compounds towards
oxidation to their +3 state.
65
XII Chemistry
13.
Nickel show an oxidation state zero in its complex [Ni (CO)4], Assign a
reason?
[Hint : due to synergic bonding.]
14.
Calculate the magnetic moment of Cu2+ (Z = 29) on the basis of Spinonly formula.
[Hint : Spin formula
15.
n n
B.M.]
16.
17.
18.
The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic
activity. Give two specific reasons to justify the statement.
19.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction of thiosulphate ions and alkaline
potassium permanganate.
[Hint : 8MnO4 + 3S2O32 + H2O
20.
Mention the name and formula of the ore from which potassium dichromate
is prepared.
[Hint : FeCr2O4 (Chromite)].
21.
22.
23.
(b)
Manufacture of polythene.
24.
25.
XII Chemistry
66
26.
*27.
*28.
Explain with chemical equation, when the yellow colour of aqueous solution
of Na2CrO4 changes to orange on passing CO2 gas?
2.
The stability of Cu2+ (aq) rather than Cu+ (aq) is much more. Why?
3.
4.
5.
6.
(a)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(a)
(b)
Out of Fe and Cu, which one would exhibit higher melting point?
[Hint. (i) Strong interatomic bonding arising from the participation
of ns and unpaired (n 1) d-electrons.
(ii) Fe has higher melting point due to presence of more unpaired
electrons 3d-orbitals.
67
XII Chemistry
7.
Describe giving reason which one of the following pairs has the property
indicated :
(a)
(b)
Of the ions Co2+, Sc3+, Cr3+ which one will give colourless aqueous solution
and how will each of them respond to magnetic field and why?
8.
MnO2 + KOH + O2
(b)
Na2Cr2O7 + KCl
10.
11.
Give two examples of oxoanions of the first series of the transition metals
in which the metal exhibits the oxidation state equal to its group number.
12.
For the first row transition metals the enthalpy of atomisation value are :
aH
/ kJ
mol1
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
326
473
515
397
281
416
425
430
339
26
13.
(a)
(b)
Copper shows its inability to liberate hydrogen gas from the acids.
(b)
14.
15.
XII Chemistry
68
2I
S 2O 8
Fe
I2
2SO 4
What are inner transition elements? Decide which of the following atomic
number are the atomic numbers of inner transition elements?
29, 59, 74, 95, 102, 104.
[Hint : (59, 95, 102) Electronic conf figuration: (n 2) f 114 (n 1)d 01ns2
17.
18.
19.
MnO4 + NO2 + H+
(b)
KMnO4
513K
20.
21.
The best use of lanthanoids is for the production of alloy steels for plates
and pipes. Name the alloy used and give its composition.
22.
Write the compounds of first transition series used for special purposes in
(a)
*24.
pigment industry
(b)
A transition metal M liberates hydrogen gas from dilute acid but it reacts
with water to liberate hydrogen only when the metal is heated and the
water is in the form of steam. Identify M and write the chemical equations
involved in the reaction.
[Hint : M is Fe].
*25.
XII Chemistry
(a)
Zn + conc. HNO3
(b)
Zn + dil. HNO3
Zn(NO3)2 + X + H2O
Zn(NO3)2 + Y + H2O
27.
From the following compounds (i) to (iv), find out the compound which is
both paramagnetic and coloured.
(i)
K2Cr2O7
(ii)
(NH4)2[TiCl6]
(iii)
VOSO4
(iv)
K3[Cu(CN)4]
[Hint : (iii)]
*28.
*29.
*30.
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (green).]
(b)
XII Chemistry
70
(c)
2.
3.
*4.
Iodide ion
(a)
(b)
(c)
Iron (II)
(c)
H2S.
5.
(b)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
7.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)
XII Chemistry
(c)
*8.
photographic industry.
Among TiCl4, VCl3 and FeCl2 - which one will be drawn more strongly into
a magnetic field and why?
[Hint : Among these halids, the transition metal ion having maximum
number of unpaired electrons will be drawn strongly into the magnetic
field.
Ti4+ = 3d 0
V3+
3d 2
Fe2+ = 3d 6
*9.
no. of unpaired e = 0
no. of unpaired
= 0
= 2
= 2.76 BM
no. of unpaired e = 4
= 4.9 BM]
(b)
(c)
10.
2.
XII Chemistry
72
3.
*4.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
5.
73
XII Chemistry
D = PbCrO4, E = NH2
HgI
*6.
7.
8.
(a)
(b)
Transition metals are less reactive than the alkali metals and alkaline
earth metals.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(i)
electronic configuration
(ii)
oxidation states
(iii)
chemical reactivity.
(ii)
XII Chemistry
74
9.
(a)
(b)
VII
2
3MnO 4
(b)
4H
2MnO 4
IV
MnO 2
2H 2 O
10.
(a)
For M2+/M and M3+/M2+ systems the Eo values for some metals are
as follows :
Cr2+/Cr 0.9V
Cr3+/Cr2+ 0.4V
Mn2+/Mn 1.2 V
Mn3+/Mn2+ + 1.5V
Fe2+/Fe 0.4V
Fe3+/Fe2+ + 0.8V
(b)
(i)
(ii)
75
XII Chemistry
UNIT 9
CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
3.
*4.
[Ans. : 0]
5.
6.
7.
8.
[Ans. : 6]
*9.
How many geometrical isomers are possible for the tetrahedral complex
[Ni(CO)4].
[Ans. : No isomer, as the relative positions of the unidentate ligands
attached to the central metal atom are same with respect to each other].
10.
XII Chemistry
76
11.
13.
14.
*15.
16.
17.
*18.
*19.
*20.
*21.
Write the formula and the name of the Coordinate isomer of [Co(en)3]
[Cr(CN)6].
[Ans. : [Cr(en)3] [Co(CN)6] Tris-[ethane 1, 2, diammine] chromium (III)
hexacyanocobaltate (III)]
23.
24.
Define (a) Homoleptic and (b) Heteroleptic complexes with the help of one
example of each.
25.
26.
(a)
(b)
Are the bidentate ligands same as the amibidentate ligands? Justify with
one example.
77
XII Chemistry
27.
28.
29.
(ii)
[CoF6]3
(b)
(b)
30.
31.
32.
23.
34.
35.
[NiCl2 (PPh3)2]
(b)
[Ni(dmg)2]
XII Chemistry
78
37.
A complex is prepared by mixing CoCl3 and NH3 in the molar ratio of 1:4.
0.1 m solution of this complex was found to freeze at 0.372C. What is
the formula of the complex?
Kf of water = 1.86C/m
[Hint :
*38.
Explain using Crystal Field Theory : The [Mn(H2O)6]2+ ion contains five
unpaired electrons while [Mn(CN) 6]4 ion contains only one unpaired
electron.
40.
41.
(ii)
(iii)
[CoF6]3
(b)
[Cr(NH3)6]3+
(c)
[Fe(CN)6]4
[Atomic Number : Co = 27, Cr = 24, Fe = 26]
(b)
Mer-triamminetrichloridocobalt (III)
(c)
Fac-triaquatrinitritoNcobalt (III)
79
XII Chemistry
42.
Name the central metal atom/ion present in (a) Chlorophyll (b) Haemoglobin
(c) Vitamin B-12.
[Ans. : (a) Mg (b) Fe; (c) Co.]
43.
44.
45.
*46.
48.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
[D] = [Ni(en)3]2+.
XII Chemistry
80
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
SOME NOTEWORTHY POINTS
1.
Word Root
Pri Suffix
Sec. Suffix.
2.
If there are two or more functional groups, then priority will be given to one
and second becomes prefix. COOH > SO3H > anhydride > Ester > Acid
halide > nitrile > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > amine
3.
4.
5.
6.
R H + X2
R X + HX The order of reactivities Cl2 > Br2 > I2.
Order of reactivity w.r.t. hydrogen atom substracted is 3 > 2 > I.
Example :
CH3
CH2
CH3
h
Cl2
CH3
CH
Cl
(Major)
CH3 + CH3
CH2
CH2Cl
(Minor)
7.
8.
+ X2
Fe/Dark
CH3X
XII Chemistry
9.
10.
11.
Inductive Effect (+I and I), Resonance Effect, Hyperconjugation, etc. play
very important role in organic chemistry.
12.
O + R
Mg
Mg
HOH
OH
OH + Mg
X
13.
Alcohol
Reactivity with HX
1
14.
15.
17.
XII Chemistry
82
18.
All organic compounds which form intermolecular H-bonds are water soluble.
19.
20.
In the reaction of alkyl aryl ether (Anisole) with HI, the products are always
alkyl halide and phenol, because OR bond is weaker than OAr bond.
21.
22.
23.
(b)
(c)
Molecular size
(d)
25.
26.
The more the Ka value, the lesser is the pka. A stronger acid has a higher
Ka but a lower pka value.
27.
O
28.
XII Chemistry
C
29.
In aqueous solution :
(C2H5)2NH > (C2H5)3N > C2H5NH2 > NH3.
(CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N > NH3.
(b)
30.
NH2
NH2
<
NO2
NH2
<
Cl
NH2
<
NHCH3
<
Br
NH2
<
NH2
<
CH3
< NH3
OCH3
31.
32.
33.
Aryl diazonium salts are more stable than alkyl diazonium salts.
34.
35.
The more the basic character, the more is the Kb value and lesser is its
pkb value.
XII Chemistry
84
O
CH3
or CH3
CH
OH
H group
O
(formic acid H
85
XII Chemistry
UNIT 10
Br
(i)
CH3
CH2CH3
CH2CH2CH3
CH3
(ii)
CH2
CH
CH3
ClH2C
CH3
(iii)
(iv)
CH3
CH3
CH2Br
CHF2CBrClF
CH2Br
(v)
CH3(CH2) 2
(vi)
CH2Br
H3C
CH
C(CH3)2 CHCH2CH3
CH
CH2
(vii)
(viii)
CH3COCH2CHClCH3.
XII Chemistry
86
CH
OH
(ix)
CH3
OH
CH
CH
HC
CH
CH3
CH3
H3C
(x)
2.
3.
4.
(CCl3)3 CCl
D DT
(ii)
Freon 12
(iii)
1Bromo 4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene.
(iv)
p-Bromotoluene.
(v)
Methylene chloride
(vi)
Chloral
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(i)
CH = CH2 + HBr
87
XII Chemistry
(ii)
CH2CH
CH2
+ HBr
(iii)
Peroxide
Cl
O2N
NO2
NaOH (aq)
(iv)
NO2
CH2CH3
Br2/heat
(v)
uv light
CH3
(vi)
+ HI
CH2OH
+ SOCl2
(vii)
HO
(viii)
CH3CH2Br + NaI
(ix)
acetone
Br2
(x)
(xi)
CH3CH2Br + KCN
XII Chemistry
UV light
ethanol
heat
aq. EtOH
88
Br
(xii)
Dry
Ether
+ Mg
NO2
(xiii)
C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl
Br
(xiv)
CH3
CH
CH2
dry ether
CH3 + Na
Br
5.
6.
(xv)
CH3CH
CH2
(xvi)
C6H5N2+Cl + KI
Benzene to 3-bromonitrobenzene
(ii)
Ethanol to but-1-yne
(iii)
1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
(iv)
Benzene to 4-bromo-1-nitrobenzene
(v)
Aniline to chlorobenzene
(vi)
2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
Benzene to phenylchloromethane.
(x)
Cl
NaCN
H /H2O
(i)
I
89
XII Chemistry
Br
Br
(ii)
alc. KOH
(iii)
C6H5 CH2CHBrCH3
(iv)
CH3CH
CH3
NaNH2
alc. KOH
alc. KOH
HBr
A
HBr
H2O2
B
Y
Br
CH3CH2CH = CH2 + Br2
(vi)
heat
(vii)
7.
8.
C Cl 4
(v)
A
B
A
B
Br
Finkelstein reaction.
(ii)
Swarts reaction.
(iii)
Wurtz reaction.
(iv)
Wurtz-Fitting reaction
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Sandmeyer reaction.
Write the major products and name the rule responsible for the formation
of it.
(i)
CH3
CH2
CH
CH3
KOH
EtOH
Br
(ii)
XII Chemistry
90
Organic
peroxide
9.
10.
11.
(ii)
(iii)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(CH3)3C Cl + OH
(ii)
CH3 Cl + OH
(iii)
CH3
CH
(CH3)3 C OH
CH3 OH
Cl + OH
Ethanol
CH3
CH
CH2
CH3
Cl
(iv)
FeCl3
+ Cl2
Cl
(v)
+ NaOH
OH
high temp.
pressure
NO2
12.
O2N
Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2
reaction with OH and why?
(i)
CH3Br or CH3I
(ii)
XII Chemistry
13.
Cl
(i)
Cl
and
Cl
(ii)
14.
and
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Cl
(ii)
Although alkyl halides are polar in nature but are not soluble in
water.
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
XII Chemistry
92
(xi)
(xii)
(xiii)
(xiv)
C Br
C
+ Br
H
CH2CH3
H
H3CH2C
I.
CH3
II.
HO
(xv)
15.
CH3
OH
H
CH2CH3
H
H3CH2C
CH2CH3
H3C
OH
OH
CH3CH2CH2CH3
(ii)
(CH3)2CHCH2CH3
(iii)
(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2
CH3
CH
CH
CH3
HBr
CH3 OH
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH3
XII Chemistry
17.
18.
Freon-12
(ii)
DDT
(iii)
Carbon tetrachloride
(iv)
Iodoform
reacts
with aqueous KOH to give C7H15OH, which is optically inactive. Give
mechanism for the reaction.
CH3
[Ans. : I. C2H5
Br
Br
CH3
C
H5C2
C3H7
(Slow)
C3H7
Carbocation
CH3
II. HO
CH3
C2H7
OH
C+
H5C2
C3H7
CH3
OH
H5C2
C3H7
OH
C3H7
product having retention
of configuration
H3C
[Ans. : (A)
CHBr
CH2Br
(B)
(C)
CH3
XII Chemistry
94
CH2CH2
Br
*20.
CH3 CH3
(X) CH3
CH
CH3 CH3
CH3 , (Y) CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 , (Z) CH3
CH
CH2
Cl
*21.
*22.
(a)
(b)
Br + Mg
Br + Mg
dry ether
dry ether
D2O
H2O
CH3
CH
CH3
D
(c)
Na/dry ether
95
RX
Mg
H2O
XII Chemistry
UNIT 11
CH2OH
(i)
CH3
CH2
CH
CH
CH2Cl
CH
CH3
OH
(ii)
Br
(iii)
[(CH3)2CH]3 COH
(iv)
CH
CCH2OH
HOCHCH3
(v)
CH2
CH
CH
CH2OH
(vii
XII Chemistry
96
CH3
OH
(vii)
OH
OH
(viii)
[Hint : 2-Bromo-5-hydroxybenzenenitrile].
CN
Br
NO2
OC2H5
(ix)
2.
3.
(x)
C6H5OC3H7
(xi)
CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH2Cl
Write the structures of the compounds whose names are given below :
(i)
3, 5-Dimethoxyhexane-1, 3, 5-triol
(ii)
Cyclohexylmethanol
(iii)
2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
(iv)
3-Chloromethylpentan-2-ol
(v)
p-Nitroanisole
(ii)
(iii)
Williamson synthesis
(iv)
Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
97
XII Chemistry
4.
(v)
Kolbes reaction
(vi)
(i)
C H 3CH2CH2CHO
(ii)
CH3CHO
(iii)
CH3CH2OH
(iv)
C6H5OH + Br2
(v)
C6H5OH + CH3COCl
i CH 3MgBr
ii H
H 2O
Cu 573K
H 2O
OH
COOH
(vi)
CH3CO
+
O
CH3CO
ONa
+ CH3Br
(vii)
NO2
(viii)
OC2H5
(ix)
(x)
+ HBr
(CH3)3C O C2H5 + HI
XII Chemistry
98
H+
OCH3
conc. HNO3
(xi)
conc. H2SO4
O
NaBH4
(xii)
CH2COOH
(xiii)
CH3CH2CHCHO
NaBH4
CH3
SO3H
(xiv)
(i) NaOH,
+
(ii) H
5.
6.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
propene to propan-l-ol.
(ii)
anisole to phenol
(iii)
butan-2-one to butan-2-ol
(iv)
ethanal to ethanol
99
XII Chemistry
7.
(v)
phenol to ethoxybenzene
(vi)
1-Phenylethene to 1-Phenylethanol
(vii)
formaldehyde to cyclohexylmethanol
(viii)
butylbromide to pentan-1-ol.
(ix)
(x)
1-Propoxypropane to propyliodide
(xi)
ethylbromide to 1-ethoxyethane
(xii)
(xiii)
ethylbromide to ethoxybenzene
(xiv)
OH
O2N
(i)
NO2
A + HNO3 + H2SO4
NO2
CH3
+ dil. H2SO4
(ii)
8.
(iii)
C + H2O
(vi)
CH3OC6H5 + HI
(ii)
Phenol
Ethanol
XII Chemistry
Zn dust
PBr 3
100
CH 3Cl
Anhyd. AlCl 3
alc. KOH
KMnO 4
OH
dil.H 2SO 4
OCH3
HI
(iii)
X + CH3I
CH3
X + conc. HNO3
Y (a dinitro compound)
X + Br2(aq)
9.
10.
Z (a tribromo product)
(i)
+ H2O
OH
(ii)
H
443 K
CH 3 CH 2 OH
CH 2
CH 2
(iii)
H
413 K
CH 3 CH 2OCH 2 CH 3
CH3OCH3 + HI
CH3OH + CH3I
(CH3)3C O CH3 + HI
CH3OH + (CH3)3 CI
(ii)
XII Chemistry
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
CH3
C2H5ONa + CH3
CH3
Cl
NaCl
CH3
CH3
(viii)
C2H5
CH3
Br
OCH3
+ CH3ONa
NaBr
NO3
NO2
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
OCH3
OH
+ HI
XII Chemistry
+ CH3I
102
12.
13.
*14.
(xii)
(xiii)
(xiv)
(xv)
(xvi)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Which of the following compounds gives fastest, reaction with HBr and
why?
(i)
(CH3)3C OH
(ii)
CH3CH2CH2OH
103
XII Chemistry
OH
(iii)
CH3
CH
CH3
CH3
(iv)
CH3
CH
CH2OH
*15.
What is the function of ZnCl2 (Anhyd) in Lucas test for distinction between
1, 2 and 3 alcohols.
16.
[B] : CH3CH(CH3)COOH
[D] : (CH3)3C OH
OH
OH
COONa
(A)
(B)
OH
OCOCH3
COOH
COOH
(C)
(D)
Aspirin
19.
XII Chemistry
104
CH3
[Ans. :
20.
OH
OH
SO3H
O2N
(Y)
NO2
(Z)
(Picric acid)
NO2
SO3H
Phenol is not reacted directly with conc. HNO3 because the yield of picric
acid is very poor in this method.]
105
XII Chemistry
UNIT 12
2.
CHO
(i)
Cl
O
(ii)
CH3
Cl
CH2
CH
CHO
Br
(iii)
HOOC
CH2
CH
CH2CH2COOCH(CH3)2
(iv)
Br
(v)
CH3CHCH2C
XII Chemistry
NHCH3
106
CHO
CH2COOCH2CH2CH3
(vi)
Br
(vii)
[(CH3)2CHCH2CO]2O
CH3CO
O
(viii)
CH3CH2CO
CHO
(ix)
CHO
COOH
(x)
CHO
CHO
(xi)
CH2
CH
CHO
CH2
CHO
O
(xii)
CH3
COCH2CH3
(xiii)
(xiv)
3.
HOOC
COOH
107
XII Chemistry
4.
(ii)
Stephen reaction
(iii)
Etard reaction
(iv)
Gatterman-Koch reaction
(v)
Aldol condensation
(vi)
(vii)
Cannizzaro reaction
(viii)
Decarboxylation reaction
(ix)
Kolbes reaction
(x)
Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
(xi)
Clemmensen reduction
(xii)
Wolff-Kishner reduction
(xii)
Haloform reaction.
(ii)
benzene to benzaldehyde
(iii)
(iv)
propene to propanal
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
propanol to propene
(viii)
propanol to butan-2-one.
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
acetone to chloroform
(xii)
XII Chemistry
108
5.
(xiii)
formaldehyde to propanol
(xiv)
acetophenone to 2-phenylbutan-2-ol
O
(i)
CH3
+ LiAlH4
Cl
(ii)
CH2
CH
CH2
CHC6H5
(iii)
CN
(i) O3
(ii) Zn/H2O
CHO
(iv)
+ HCHO
50% NaOH
COOH
LiAlH4
(v)
CH2CH2CH3
KMnO4
KOH
(vi)
CH3
(vii)
+ CrO3 + (CH3CO)2 O
109
XII Chemistry
KMnO4/H 2SO4
(viii)
COCl
+ (C2H5)2 Cd
(ix)
CH3
(x)
CH3
CH2
(xi)
CH3
C CH
Br2/P
COOH
(X is a dibromo compound)
2+
6.
7.
8.
Hg /H2SO4
2, 4-DNP derivative
(ii)
Schiffs base
(iii)
Oxime
(ii)
OH
(i)
CH3CHO + HCN
CH3
CH
CN
(ii)
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
OH
(iii)
CH3COCH3
(i) CH3MgBr
(ii) H2O
CH3 C
CH3
XII Chemistry
110
CH3
9.
10.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(ii)
(iii)
The
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
111
XII Chemistry
*11.
(xii)
(xiii)
(xiv)
(xv)
(xvi)
(xvii)
(xviii)
(xix)
(xx)
You are given four different reagents ZnHg/HCl, NH2 NH2/OH in Glycol,
H2/Ni and NaBH4. Select one reagent for the following transformation and
give reasons to justify your answer.
O
C
CH3
CH2CH3
HO
HO
XII Chemistry
112
forms two acids D and E having molecular formula C3H6O2 and C2H4O2
respective. Identity A, B, C, D and E.
*13.
B : CH2 = CH CHO
OH
C : CH2
CH
D : CH2
CH
CH
CH
CN
E : CH2
CH
CH
CH
NH
OH
CHO
OH
*14.
O
(i)
CH3CH2C
CH3 + A
CHO
(ii)
CH
+ A
CHCHO
(i) B
(ii)
O
O
(iii)
+ A
CHC6H5
OMgBr
(iv)
C6H5 COCH3 + A
C6H5
CH2 C6H5
H3O
CH3
113
XII Chemistry
15.
A C 6H 12
Acyclic compound
i O3
ii Zn H 2O
A C 6H 12
D
*16.
conc. NaOH
major
minor
HCOONa
C CH 2 OH
CH3
Ph
CH
CO
Ph
Identify A, B, C, D and E
OH
[Ans. : (A) Ph
CH2
CH3
C
Ph
CH3
(B) Ph
*17.
CH
CH3CH3
Cl2/hv
A
E
XII Chemistry
Alc.KOH
aq. KOH
114
2 mol HCl
(C) CH
CH
*18.
COOH
COOH
COOH
,
(ii)
(iii)
*19.
F
CF3
CH3CH2COOH, C6H5COOH, CH3COOH, C6H5CH2COOH
O+H
OH
H+ ions get attached to oxygen atom and make carbonyl carbon more
electropositive.]
*20.
*21.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
CHO
C2H5
[Ans. : (X)
2-Ethylbenzaldehyde
115
XII Chemistry
UNIT 13
AMINES
QUESTIONS
1.
CH3CH2CH
NH2
(ii)
CH3NHCH(CH3)2
(iv)
C6H5NHCH3
CH3
(iii)
(CH3)3 N
N(CH3)3
O
(v)
C6H5NH
(vi)
CH3
Br
NH(CH3)2OCOCH3
(vii)
(ix)
H2N (CH2)6NH2
(x)
H2N
OCH3
NH
NHOH
(xi)
2.
(viii)
(ii)
XII Chemistry
116
(iii)
Gatterman reaction
(iv)
Coupling reaction
(v)
Hoffmans ammonolysis
(vi)
Carbylamine reaction
(vii)
Acetylation of aniline.
3.
Describe the test for identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Also write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.
4.
5.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
CH 3 CH 2 Cl
NH 3 Excess
(ii)
CH 3 CH 2 Cl
NH 3
373K
373K
excess
6.
Benzene to Aniline
(ii)
Aniline to benzene
(iii)
(iv)
p-Toluidine to 2-bromo-4-methylaniline.
(v)
Methylbromide to ethanamine
(vi)
(vii)
Ethylamine to methylamine
117
XII Chemistry
7.
(ix)
(x)
Hexanenitrile to 1-aminopentane.
8.
NaCN
CH 3CH 2I
OH
Partial hydrolysis
Br 2 NaOH
CH2Br
ethanolic
NaCN
(i)
H2/Ni
NH2
(ii)
(iii)
C 6H 5N 2 Cl
(iv)
C 6H 5NO 2
HNO3
H2SO3
+ (CH3CO)2O
CuCN
H 2O H
Fe HCl
H 2SO 4
H+/ H2O
B
heat
NH2
CH3COCl
(v)
Br2/Fe
H2O/ OH
CH3
9.
(ii)
XII Chemistry
118
10.
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Explain why :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
(xii)
(xiii)
(xiv)
119
XII Chemistry
(xv)
(xvi)
11.
*12.
13.
14.
(B) CH3CH2NH2
(C) CH3CH2N
(B) CH2CH2CONH2
(C) CH3CH2NH2
XII Chemistry
(D) CH3CH2NC.]
120
UNIT 14
BIOMOLECULES
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Proteins are the polymers of about twenty different -amino acids which
are linked by peptide bonds. Ten amino acids are called essential amino
acids because they can not be synthesised in our body. Hence must be
provided through diet.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Vitamins are necessory food factors required in the diet. They are classified
as fat soluble (A, D, E and K) and water soluble (B group and C).
10.
Nucleic acid are responsible for the transfer of characters from parents to
offsprings.
121
XII Chemistry
11.
There are two types of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. DNA contains a
five carbon sugar molecule called 2-deoxyribose and RNA contains
ribose.
12.
Both DNA and RNA contain adenine, guanine and cytosine. The fourth
base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. The structure of DNA is double
stranded while that of RNA is a single stranded molecule.
13.
DNA is the chemical basis of heredity and has the coded message for
proteins to be synthesised.
14.
There are three types of RNA i.e., m-RNA, r-RNA and t-RNA which actually
carry out the protein synthesis in the nucleus.
15.
Human stomach does not have any enzyme capable of breaking cellulose
molecules and thus we cannot digest cellulose.
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
XII Chemistry
122
7.
Glucose is an aldose sugar but it does not react with sodium hydrogen
sulphite. Give reason.
[Hint : The CHO group reacts with OH group at C5 to form a cyclic
hemiacetal].
8.
9.
10.
11.
Name the
12.
13.
Name the enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of maltose into glucose.
14.
16.
Which forces are responsible for the stability of -helix structure of proteins.
17.
18.
Which nucleic acid is responsible for carrying out protein synthesis in the
cell.
19.
The two strands in DNA are not identical but complementary. Explain.
[Hint : H-bonding is present between specific pairs of bases present in
complementary stands.]
20.
XII Chemistry
21.
What type of linkage holds together the monomers of DNA and RNA.
[Hint :Phosphodiester linkage]
22.
23.
A child diagnosed with bone deformities, is likely to have with the deficiency
of which vitamin?
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
2.
3.
4.
maltose
(ii)
cellulose?
What are the two components of starch? Which one is water soluble?
(i)
(ii)
XII Chemistry
124
5.
6.
7.
(ii)
8.
9.
10.
Ribose
(ii)
Maltose
Galactose
(iv)
Lactose
Bromine water
(b)
Nitric acid
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
HN
(CH2)3
CH(NH2)COOH
NH2
11.
You have two amino acids glycine and alanine. What are the structures of
two possible dipeptides that they can form?
12.
What are essential and non essential amino acids? Give one example of
each type.
13.
14.
Keratin
125
XII Chemistry
15.
16.
(ii)
Myosin
(iii)
Insulin
(iv)
Haemoglobin.
Denaturation of protein
(b)
Specificity of an enzyme.
17.
18.
(i)
(ii)
19.
a peptide linkage
(ii)
a glycosidic linkage?
[Hint : (i)
(ii)
20.
Give the sources of vitamin A and E and name the deficiency diseases
resulting from lack of vitamin A and E in the diet.
21.
What are the main functions of DNA and RNA in human body.
XII Chemistry
126
3.
(ii)
(iii)
127
XII Chemistry
UNIT 15
POLYMERS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
XII Chemistry
128
9.
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
O
C
9.
O
(CH2)4
NH (CH2)6
NH
10.
11.
Name the polymer used for making insulation material for coating copper
wire.
[Hint : PVC].
129
XII Chemistry
12.
Write the name and structure of monomer of the polymer which is used
as synthetic wool.
13.
14.
Name the polymer used for making radio television cabinets and feeding
bottles of children.
15.
What do the digits 6 and 66 represent in the names nylon-6 and nylon-66?
16.
17.
Which of the following sets has all polymers capable of repeatedly softening
on heating and hardening on cooling.
*18.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2.
(ii)
(CH2
CH
CH
CH2
CH
CH2 )n
C6H5
3.
4.
XII Chemistry
130
n(CH2
CH2)
333 343K, 6 7 atm
Ziegler-Natta Catalyst
5.
6.
(i)
(ii)
OH
H
Polymerisation
7.
8.
9.
What is the difference between linear chain and branched chain polymers.
Explain giving examples.
10.
Identify the polymer whose structure are given and mention one of their
important use.
(i)
(NH(CH2)6
NH
CO
(CH2)4
CO)n
Cl
(ii)
(CH2
CH)n
131
XII Chemistry
11.
12.
(ii)
Write the expanded form and give the structures of monomers for the
following polymers:
(i)
PAN
(ii)
PTFE
13.
14.
Write the structure of following polymers and also give their main use :
(a)
Polystyrene
(ii)
15.
16.
17.
What is the difference between an elastomer and a fibre? Give one example
of each.
18.
Nylon-6
(ii)
Nylon-6, 6
2.
(ii)
(iii)
Nylon-2-Nylon-6.
XII Chemistry
132
3.
4.
(ii)
Urea-formaldehyde resin
(iii)
Glyptal
(i)
(ii)
Polythene finds widespread use to make carry bags and also for
manufacturing buckets and pipes.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
133
XII Chemistry
UNIT 16
2.
3.
4.
Drugs are designed to interact with specific targets so that these have the
least chance of affecting other targets. This minimises the side effects and
localises the action of the drug.
5.
6.
7.
Chemicals are added to food for preservation, enhancing their appeal and
adding nutritive value in them.
8.
9.
These days detergents are much in vogue and get preference over soaps
because they work even in hard water.
10.
XII Chemistry
134
11.
12.
135
XII Chemistry
QUESTIONS
VSA TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1.
OCOCH3
COOH
Common name-Aspirin
IUPAC name : 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid.]
2.
3.
4.
5.
SO2NHR
NH2
[Hint : Sulpha Drugs].
6.
Why the receptors embedded in cell membrances show selectivity for one
chemical messenger over the other?
[Hint : The active site of receptor has specific shape and specific functional
groups which can bind only specific messenger which fits in.]
XII Chemistry
136
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Name the derivative of sucrose which tastes like sugar and can be safely
used by weight conscious people.
16.
Why synthetic detergents are preferred over soaps for use in washing
machines?
[Hint : They work well even with hard water and not form any scum.]
*17.
*18.
XII Chemistry
19.
O
(i)
O Na
+
NaO
(ii)
O Na
O
[Hint : Compound (i) acts as a surface agent because its one end
is hydrophobic while the other end is hydrophillic in nature.]
20.
21.
22.
2.
What are narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics? Give one example of each.
3.
4.
6.
7.
(ii)
Enzyme inhibitors.
5.
Target molecules
Equanil
(ii)
Morphine
(ii)
(ii)
XII Chemistry
138
8.
Why a drug should not be taken without consulting a doctor? Give two
reasons.
9.
10.
11.
*12.
*13.
What are sulpha drugs? What is their use? Give one example.
*14.
*15.
(ii)
2.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Pick out the odd one amongst the following on the basis of their medicinal
properties. Give suitable reason.
(i)
139
XII Chemistry
(ii)
(iii)
[Hint : (i)
(ii)
(iii)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Enzymes
(ii)
Receptor proteins
(iii)
Neurotransmitter
Phenelzine (Nardin)
(ii)
Aspirin
(iii)
Cimetidine
Analgesics
(ii)
Tranquilizers
(iii)
Antifertility drugs
Typhoid
(ii)
(iii)
Hypertension
Bithional
(ii)
Amoxycillin
(iii)
Salvarsan
XII Chemistry
140
8.
9.
*10.
(i)
Cationic detergents
(ii)
Anionic detergents
(iii)
Nonionic detergents
CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3 Na+
(ii)
CH3(CH2)15N+(CH3)3 Br
(iii)
[Hint : (i)
(ii)
(iii)
*11.
CH 3 CH 2
10
CH 2
OSO 3 Na
hydrophillic
hydropobic
CH 3 CH 2
15
hydrophobic
CH 3 CH 2
16
CH 3
Br
hydrophillic
COO CH 2CH 2O
hydrophobic
CH 2CH 2OH
hydrophillic
(ii)
(iii)
C9H10
O(CH2CH2O)n CH2CH2OH
Where (n = 5 10)
[Hint : (i)
(iii)
Anionic detergent.
(ii)
Cationic detergent.
Nonionic detergent.
141
XII Chemistry
12.
*13.
(ii)
XII Chemistry
142
Total Marks : 70
General Instruction
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
1.
2.
3.
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
OH
1
4.
143
XII Chemistry
5.
6.
HI
(b)
Bromine water
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
(i)
Non-ionic detergents
(ii)
Tranquilizers
Write the names and structures of the monomers used for getting the
following polymers.
(i)
PAN
(ii)
Nylon-6
Which one in the following pairs undergoes SN2 reaction faster and why?
(i)
(ii)
CH2Cl
or
or
Cl
Cl
Alkyl halides give cyanides with KCN but isocyanide with AgCN.
(ii)
[Ni(CN)4]2
(ii)
[NiCl4]2
XII Chemistry
144
14.
15.
Oxidation state
(b)
chemical reactivity
(b)
electroosmosis
Or
15.
(b)
16.
What type of cell is the lead storage battery? Write the anode and the
cathode reactions and the overall reaction occurring in a lead storage
battery while operating or in use.
2
17.
18.
(a)
(b)
(b)
19.
An element has a bcc structure with a cell edge of 288 pm. The density
of the metal is 7.2 g cm3. How many atoms and unit cells are there in
208 g of the element.
3
20.
XII Chemistry
21.
Calculate the standard cell potential of the galvanic cell in which the following
reaction take place :
2Cr(s) + 3Cd 2+ (aq)
Also calculate
[Given E
Cr
rG
Cr
Cd
Cd
0.4V
F = 96500C mol1].
22.
State briefly the principles which serve as basis for the following operations
in metallurgy :
(a)
Zone refining
(b)
(c)
Or
22.
23.
24.
(b)
(c)
Arrange the following in the order of property indicated for each set :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(ii)
The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition elements are
virtually the same as those of the corresponding members of the
second series.
XII Chemistry
146
(iii)
25.
26.
(ii)
butan-2-one to but-2-ene
(iii)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
C 6H 5N 2 Cl
27.
28.
Cu CN
KCN
H 2O H
Partial hydrolysis
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
Or
28.
(a)
Justify the statement that for a first order reaction half-life period
(t1/2) is independent of the initial concentration of the reactant.
(b)
For
a
2NO 2H 2
obtained.
chemical
N2
147
reaction
at
800C,
2H 2O the following data were
XII Chemistry
1.5
4.0
4.4 104
1.5
2.0
2.2 104
0.5
2.0
0.24 10 4
What is the order of reaction w.r.t. NO and H2? Also calculate the rate
constant at 800C.
5
29.
(a)
(b)
(ii)
(iii)
XeOF4
(ii)
H2S2O7
5
Or
29.
(a)
(b)
30.
(a)
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
Cannizzaro reaction
(ii)
XII Chemistry
148
(b)
(c)
(ii)
30.
149
XII Chemistry
MARKING SCHEME
Q. No.
Value Points
Marks
1.
2.
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
OH
3.
1
4-Phenylbut-2-en-ol
4.
5.
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH3
CHO
6.
(CHOH)4
HI/
C6H14 (hexane)
CH2OH
CHO
(CHOH)4
CH2OH
COOH
Br2 water
(CHOH)4
CH2OH
Gluconic acid
7.
8.
Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are
called antagonists. Drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching
on receptor, are called agonists.
1
XII Chemistry
150
9.
(a)
CH3(CH2)16COOH + HO (CH2CH2O)n
CH2CH 2
H2O
OH
1
10.
(b)
(a)
CH2
CH
CN
(Acrylonitrile)
H
N
(b)
H2C
H2C
H2C
11.
(a)
O
1
CH2
CH2
(Caprotactum)
I
(b)
CH2Cl
(a)
151
XII Chemistry
13.
(b)
(a)
[Ni(CN)4]2
Ni28 [Ar]18 4s2 3d8
Ni(II) [Ar]18 3d8
4s
4p
dsp hydridization
(Square Planar)
(Diamagnetic)
(b)
[NiCl4]2
Ni28 [Ar]18 4s2 3d8
Ni (II) [Ar]18 3d8
4s
4p
3
sp hydridization
tetrahedral
(paramagnetic)
14.
15.
(a)
(b)
(a)
XII Chemistry
152
(b)
15.
16.
(a)
(b)
(a)
PbSO4(s) + 2e
PbSO4 (l)
Overall reaction :
Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2SO42 (aq)
17.
18.
19.
2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
(a)
Vapour pressure of pure water gets decreased by addition of nonvolatile glucose, which covers some surface area and lesser surface
area is available for vapourisation, of water molecules.
1
(b)
(a)
2 AuCl3 + 3SnCl2
(b)
FeCl3 + 3H2O
1
1
153
XII Chemistry
Mass
208g
= 28.88 am3
28.88 cm3
= 24.16 1023
20.
(a)
C1RT
1=
21.
(b)
(c)
Cr | Cr3+ || Cd2+ | Cd
Ecell = ER EL
= 0.4V (0.74V) = 0.34 V
G = nF Ecell
G = 6 96500 C mol1 0.34 V = 6 96500 0.34 CV
mol1
1
G = 196860 J mol1
G = 196.86 kJ mol1
XII Chemistry
1
154
22.
(a)
(b)
Ni CO
(c)
4CO g
300 350K
450 700 K
Ni CO
4 g
Volatile
compound
Ni s
4CO
22.
23.
24.
(a)
(b)
Cryolite is added to lower the melting point of the mix and brings
conductivity.
1
(c)
NH3 > PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3 [Decreasing basic strength] 1
(b)
(c)
H2Te < H2Se < H2S < H2O [Increasing bond angle]
(a)
(b)
XII Chemistry
(c)
Cr
Cr
is negative. This is
OH
25.
ONa
OC2H5
C2H5Cl
NaOH
(a)
Mn
OH
(b)
CH3CH2COCH3
H2/Pd
CH3CH2
CH
CH3
H2SO4 , 443K
H3C HC
CH
CH3
But-2-ene
(c)
HI
Excess
CH3CH2CH2I
Aq. KOH
CH3CH2CH2OH
26.
(a)
(b)
(c) C6H5N2 Cl
H2O/H
Partial
hydrolysis
CuCN
KCN
CONH2
XII Chemistry
156
27.
(a)
H
(b)
H2N
COOH
H3N
R
28.
(a)
Order of Reaction
Molecularity of Reaction
It may be fractional.
It is experimentally determined.
It is a theoretical term.
(b)
0.693
t1
k1
0.693
20 min
0.03465 min
0.693
5 min
k2
log
log
k2
k1
0.1386 min
Ea
1
1
2.303R T 1
T2
0.1386
0.03465
Ea
2.303
8.314 JK
mol
1
1
300K
350K
1
157
XII Chemistry
Or
28.
(a)
2.303
A 0
log
k
A
when A
t12
2.303
A 0
log
k
A0
t12
0.693
k
Rate 1
Rate2
4.4
10
2.2
10
4
4
k 1.5
4.0
k 1.5
2.0
2 = (2)y
y = 1
Similarly by comparing Rate2 and Rate3
3x = 32
XII Chemistry
x = 2
158
29.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
O
F
(b)
F
Xe
(i)
O
O
(ii)
O
OH
HO
Or
29.
(a)
(b)
(i)
P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
PH3 + 3NaH2PO2
2OH + I2(s) + O2(g)
1
1
XII Chemistry
30.
(a)
(i)
Cannizzaro reaction
HCHO + HCHO + conc. KOH
(ii)
CH3OH + HCOOK
i dil. NaOH
ii
CH 3 CH 2CHO
CH 3 CH
CH CHO
+ CH3CH2CH
CHO
CH3
+ CH3
CH
CHO
CH3
+ CH3
CH2
CH
CH
CHO
(b)
(c)
(i)
Phenol
Benzoic acid
(i)
(ii)
Acetophenone
Benzophenone
Br
Or
O
30.
CH3
No ppt.
CH2
CH2
CH3
(A)
NaOH/I2
XII Chemistry
160
COOH
CHI3
CH3CH2CH2COONa
yellow ppt
(B)
(C)
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 C
(A)
CH3
oxidation
CH3 CH2C
OH + CH3
(D)
(E)
OH
161
XII Chemistry
Maximum Marks : 70
General Instructions :
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
1.
2.
3.
Define electrophoresis.
4.
5.
6.
7.
XII Chemistry
162
8.
9.
10.
Determine the values of equilibrium constant (KC) and Go for the following
reaction :
Ni(s) + 2Ag+ (aq)
12.
(ii)
13.
14.
15.
16.
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(ii)
(ii)
XII Chemistry
17.
18.
Bakelite
(ii)
Nylon 6
19.
Silver crystallizes in face-centered cubic unit cell. Each side of this unit cell
has a length of 400 pm. Calculate the radius of the silver atom. (Assume
the atoms just touch each other on the diagonal across the face of the unit
cell. That is each face atom is touching the four corner atoms.)
20.
NO2(g) + O2(g).
This first order reaction was allowed to proceed at 40 C and the data
below were collected :
21.
[N2O5] (M)
Time (min)
0.400
0.00
0.289
20.0
0.209
40.0
0.151
60.0
0.109
80.0
(a)
(b)
(c)
Production of vaccum
(ii)
Heterogeneous catalysis
(iii)
Micelles
XII Chemistry
164
22.
23.
24.
(ii)
Peptization
(iii)
Desorption
(ii)
(iii)
MnO4 + C2O42 + H+
(ii)
KMnO4
(iii)
Cr2O72 + H2S + H+
heated
25.
26.
27.
(i)
K4 [Mn(CN)6]
(ii)
(iii)
K2 [Ni(CN)4]
(ii)
(iii)
(a)
(b)
Aniline to nitrobenzene
(ii)
Aniline to iodobenzene?
Detergents
165
XII Chemistry
28.
(ii)
Food preservatives
(iii)
Antacids
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
29.
(a)
(b)
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
(a)
(b)
Cannizzaro reaction
(ii)
Decarboxylation
CH2CH3
(i)
XII Chemistry
KMnO4
KOH, heat
166
COOH
SOCl2
(ii)
heat
COOH
(iii)
30.
(a)
(b)
C6H5CONH2
H3O
heat
(ii)
C + H2SO4 (conc)
(ii)
P4 + NaOH + H2O
(iii)
Cl2
F2
excess
OR
(a)
(b)
The acidic strength decreases in the order HCl > H2S > PH3
(ii)
P4 + SO2Cl2
(ii)
XeF2 + H2O
(iii)
I2 HNO3
conc
167
XII Chemistry