Area and Perimeter For SSC Exams

Chapter-30
Mensuration I
(Area and Perimeter)
Mensuration
Mensuration is the science of measurement of the
length of lines, areas of surfaces and volumes of
solids. Its knowledge is of immense use to the
surveyor, architect and engineer. In this chapter,
we will deal with the perimeter and area of the
plane figures.
Perimeter
The perimeter of a figure is the sum of length of
all its sides. This is measured in the units of
length. For example, cm, m, etc.
Area
The area of any figure is the amount of surface
enclosed wit hin it s bounding lines. This is
measured by the number of square cm or square
met res (or other units of squar e measur es) it
contains.
Measures of Area
Area, being the product of two linear measurements
(see in the following pages), is expressed in square
units of linear measure. The following will give
you the measures of area in the Metric System:
(i) Square Centimetre: A square centimetre is
the amount of surface enclosed within a square of
which each side is one centimetre in length.
The term square metre, square hectometre,
square kilometre etc are used in the same sense.
(ii) Square Metre: The area of a region formed

by a square of side 1 metre is called a square metre
and is written as 1 m2.
The basic unit of length in SI system is a metre
(1 m) and the basic unit of area in SI system is a
square metre (1 m2).
Since,
1 m = 100 cm
1 m2 = 1 m 1 m = 100 cm 100 cm
= 10000 cm2
Thus, 1 m2 = 10000 cm2.

(iii) Square Decimetre: The area of a region
formed by a square of side 1 decimetre (1 dm) is
called a square decimetre and is written as 1 dm2.
Since,
1 m = 10 dm
1 m2 = 1 m 1 m = 10 dm 10 dm = 100 dm2
Also, 1 dm = 10 cm
1 dm2 = 1 dm 1 dm = 10 cm 10 cm = 100 cm2
(iv) Square Millimetre: The area of a region
formed by a square of side 1 millimetre (1 mm) is
called a square millimetre and is written as 1 mm2.
Since 1 cm = 10 mm
1 cm2 = 1 cm1 cm = 10 mm 10 mm
= 100 mm2
Also, 1 m2 = 10000 cm2
1 m2 = 10000 mm 100 mm = 1000000 mm2
(v) Square Decametre or an Are: The area of a
region formed by a square of side one decametre (1
dam) is called a square decametre or an arc is
denoted by 1 dam2 or 1a.
Since 1 dam = 10 m
1 dam2 = 1 dam 1 dam
= 10 m 10 m = 100 m2
Thus, 1 dam2 = 100 m2 or 1 are = 100 m2
(vi) Square Hectometre or Hectare: The area of
a region formed by a square of side 1 hectometre (1
hm) is called a square hectometre or a hectare and
is denoted by 1 hm2 or 1 ha.
Since, 1 hm = 100 m
1 ha = 1 hm 1 hm = 100 m 100 m
= 10000 m2
Also, 1 hm = 10 dam
1 ha = 10 dam 10 dam
= 100 dam2 = 100 a.
Thus, 1 ha = 10000 m2 or 1 ha = 100 a.
(vii) Square Kilometre: The area of a region
formed by a square of side 1 kilometre (1 km) is
called a square kilometre and is written as 1 km2.
Since, 1 km = 1000 m
1 km2 = 1000 m 1000 m = 1000000 m2
Since 1 ha = 10000 m 2. Therefore,
1000000
ha = 100 ha
10000
Also, 1 km2 = 10000 are
1 km2 =
502
Concept of Arithmetic
We have introduced various standard units of

area. Each can be converted into others as given
below.
( i ii ) Diagonal of a rectangle
=
(Length)2 (Breadth)2
Conversion of Units
Units of Length
1 cm = 10 mm
1 m = 10 dm
1 dm = 10 cm
1 m = 100 cm
1 dam = 10 m
1 hm = 100 m
1 km = 10 hm
1 km = 1000 m
Units of Area
1 cm2
= (10 10) mm2
= 100 mm2
1 m2
= (10 10) dm2
= 100 dm2
1 dm2
= (10 10) cm2
= 100 cm2
1 m2
= (100 100) cm2
= 10000 cm 2
1 dam2 = (10 10) m2
= 100 m2 = 1 are
1 hm2 = (100 100) m2
= 10000 m2
= 1 hectare
1 mm2 = (10 10) hm2
= 100 hm2
1 km2
= (1000 1000) m2
= 1000000 m 2
ABC is a right-angled triangle.

AC =
AB2 BC2
(ii) Square
A square is a four-sided figure having all its angles
right angles and all its sides are equal. In a square,
the length is equal to the breadth.
( i ) Perimeter of a square = 4 length
= 4 one of its sides
( i i) Area of a square = side side = (side)2
From this formula we get,
Side =
Area
( i ii ) Diagonal of a square =
Rectangle and Square
2 (Area )
(i) Rectangle
A rectangle is a four-sided figure having all its
angles right angles. The page of this book,the faces
of a brick, the floor of a room are rectangles, for
their opposite sides are equal and their angles are
right angles.
The sides of a rectangle are usually called its
length and breadth. In the rectangle, the length
and breadth are uneqaual.
( i ) Perimet er of a rect angle = 2 (Length +
Breadth)
( i i) Area of a rectangle = (Length Breadth)
From this formula we get,
K KUNDAN
(a) Length =
Area
Breadth
If ABCD be a square, then

AC =
AB 2 BC 2 =
AB 2 AB 2 = 2AB
[ AB = BC]
AC = AB 2
From the above, we have
AC
AB =
1
(AC)2
2
Hence, the area of a square is half the square
of its diagonal.
Area = (AB)2 =
Area
(b) Breadth = Length
Solved Examples
Ex. 1:
Soln:
Find the area, in hectare, of a field

whose length is 240 m and breadth
110 m.
We have, Length of the field = 240 m
Breadth of the field = 110 m.
Area of the field = (240 110) m2
26400
= 26400 m2 =
hectare
10000
2
[ 10000 m = 1 hectare]
= 2.64 hectare
Ex. 2:
Soln:
What wi ll happen to t he ar ea of a
rectangle if
(i) its length is doubled and breadth
is trebled.
(ii) i t s l engt h and br eadt h ar e
doubled?
Let l cm and b cm be t he length and
breadth of the rectangle. Further, let A be
the area of the rectangle. Then,
A = l b
...... (i)
503
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)

(i) We have,
New breadth = 2l; New length = 3b
A1 = New Area
= 2l 3b = 6 (l b) = 6A
[Using (i)]
Hence, the area of the new rectangle is 6
times the area of the old rectangle.
(ii) We have,
New length = 2l, New breadth = 2b
A1 = New Area
= 2l 2b = 4 (l b) = 4A
[Using (i)]
Hence, the area of the new rectangle is 4
times the area of the old rectangle.
Ex. 3: What wi ll happen to t he ar ea of a
squar e if i ts side is ( i) doubl ed ( ii )
halved?
Soln: (i) Let the side of a square be x cm. Then,
Area = A = x2 cm2
....(i)
When the side is doubled, then,
side of the new square = 2x cm.
A1 = Area of the new square
= (2x2) cm2 = 4x2 cm2 = 4A
[Using (i)]
Thus, if the side is doubled, then area
becomes 4 times.
(ii) When the side is halved, then,
x
cm.
2
A2 = Area of the new square
or, x 2 y 2 289
Ex. 6:
Soln:
Side of the new square =
..... (i)
And, Perimeter = 46 cm
or, 2 (x + y) = 46 cm
or, x + y = 23
.... (ii)
Now, x + y = 23
or, (x + y)2 = 232
or, x2 + y2 + 2xy = 529
or, 289 + 2xy = 529
or, 2xy = 529 - 289
or, 2xy = 240
or, xy = 120
Hence, Area = xy = 120 cm2.
The length of a rectangle exceeds its
wi dt h by 8 cm and t he ar ea of t he
r ect angl e i s 240 sq cm. Find the
dimensions of the rectangle.
Let the breadth of the given rectangle be x
cm. Then, length = (x + 8) cm.
Now, Area = 240 cm 2
or, length breadth = 240
or, (x + 8) x = 240
or, x2 + 8x 240 = 0
or, x2 + 20x 12x 240 = 0
or, x (x + 20) 12 (x + 20) = 0
or, (x + 20) (x 12) = 0
or, x = 12 or x = 20
But x cannot be negative. So, x = 12.
Hence, breadth = 12 cm and length
= (12 + 8 =) 20 cm.
The cost of ploughing a rectangular
field at 85 paise per square centimetre
is Rs 624.75. Find the perimeter of the
field if its sides are in the ratio 5 : 3.
Let the length and the breadth of the
rectangular field be 5x cm and 3x cm in
length. Then,
Area = 5x 3x = 15x2 cm2
.... (i)
It is given that the cost of ploughing the
K KUNDAN
Ex. 7:
1 2 1
x
2
= cm x A
4
4
2
Ex. 4:
Soln:
Ex. 5:
Soln:
[Using (i)]
Thus, if the side is halved, then area
becomes one-fourth.
The length of a rectangle is twice its
breadth. Find the dimensions of the
rectangle if its area is 288 sq cm.
Let the breadth of the given rectangle be x
cm.
Then, length = 2x cm [Given].
Area = 2x x = 2x2
or, 2x2 = 288
[ Area = 288 sq cm (given)]
or, x2 = 144
or, x = 12 cm
Hence, length = 24 cm, and breadth 12
cm.
If the diagonal of a rectangle is 17 cm
long and the perimeter of the rectangle
is 46 cm. Find the area of the rectangle.
Let the length and breadth of the given
rectangle be x cm and y cm respectively.
Th en ,
Diagonal = 17 cm
or,
x 2 y 2 17
Soln:
rectangular field at the rate of Rs
85
is
100
Rs 624.75.
Area of the rectangular field
Total cost
= Rate per sq m
624 .75 624 .75 100
85
85
100
= 735 cm2
.... (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
15x2 = 735 or x2 = 49 or x = 7
Hence, the sides of the rectangular field
are 5x = (5 7) = 35 cm and 3x = (3 7 =)
21 cm respectively.
Perimeter = {2 (35 + 21) =} 112 cm
504
Ex. 8:
Soln:
The l engt h and br eadt h of a
rectangular field are in the ratio 3 : 2.
If the area of the field is 3456 cm 2 ,
find the cost of fencing the field at Rs
3.50 per cm.
Let t he lengt h and br eadt h of t he
r ect angular f ield be 3x and 2x cm
respectively. Then,
Area of the rectangular field
= (3x 2x) cm2 = 6x2 cm2
Also, area of the rectangular field
= 3456 cm2
(given)
6x2 = 3456
or, x2 =
1
AB = 2 cm and
2
1
AD = 2 cm
2
Also, PS 2 = AP2 + AS 2
[Using Pythagoras theorem]
AS =
PS =
42 42 32 4 2
Thus, each side of square PQRS is of
length 4 2 cm.
Area of the square PQRS
3456
6
or, x2 = 576
or, x
AP =
576 = 24
Length = (3 24) cm = 72 cm
Breadth = (2 24) cm = 48 cm
Perimeter of the field
= 2 (length + breadth)
= [2 (72 + 48)] cm = 240 cm
Rate of fencing = Rs 3.50 per cm
Cost of fencing = Rs (240 3.50)
= Rs 840
Ex. 9: Find the area of a rectangular plot one
side of which is 48 cm and its diagonal
50 cm.
Soln:
Let the other side be x cm. Since ABC is
a right triangle, therefore,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
or, 502 = 482 + x2
or, x2 = (50)2 (48)2
or, x2 = (50 + 48) (50 48)
or, x2 = 98 2
or, x2 = 142
or, x = 14
Thus, the other side of the rectangle is
14 cm
Area of the rectangle = (48 14) cm2
= 672 cm2
Ex. 10: The area of square ABCD is 16 cm2. Find
the area of the square joining the midpoints of the sides.
Soln:
We have,
Area of square ABCD = 16 cm2
Each side of square ABCD
= 4 2
cm2 = 32 cm2
Ex. 11: The length of a rectangular field is

increased by 50% and its breadth is
decr eased by 50% t o form a new
rectangular field. Find the percentage
change in the area of the field.
Soln:
Let x and y denote the length and breadth
of the given field. Then, its area is given
by A = xy
Increase in length
= 50% of the original length of x
=
50
x
x
100
2
New length = x
x 3
x
2 2
K KUNDAN
=
16 cm = 4 cm
In APS, we have
Decrease in breadth
= 50% of the original breadth
= 50% of y =
50y y
100 2
y y
2 2
A1 = Area of the new field
New length = y
3
y 3
x xy
2
2 4
Change in Area
=
3
1
xy xy xy
4
4
Percentage change in the area
= A1 A
1
xy
A1 A
=
100 4
100 = 25%
A
xy
Hence, there is 25% decrease in the area.
Ex. 12: A rectangular courtyard is 3 m 78 cm
long and 5 m 25 cm broad. It is desired
to pave it with square tiles of the same
size. What is the largest size of the
tile that can be used? Also, find the
number of such tiles.
505

Soln:
Clearly, the size of the tile should be a

factor of both the length and breadth of
the courtyard. Therefore, the size of the
largest size tile should be the HCF of 378
cm and 525 cm.
2 378
3 189
3 63
3 21
7
5 525
3 105
3 21
7
Now,
378 = 2 33 7 and 525 = 5 32 7
Hence, HCF of 378 and 525 is 3 7 = 21
Thus, the size of the largest size square
tile = 21 cm
Area of a tile
= (side)2 cm2 = (21)2 cm2 = 441 cm2
Area of courtyard = (378 525) cm2
= 198450 cm2
Now,
Number of tiles =
Area of courtyard
Area of a tile
198450
= 450
441
Ex. 13: The floor of a rectangular hall is to be
covered with a carpet 150 cm wide. If
the length and breadth of the hall are
20 m and 18 m respectively, find the
cost of the carpet at the rate of Rs 10
per metre.
Soln:
We have,
Area of the hall = (20 18) m2 = 360 m2
Width of the carpet = 150 cm = 1.5 m
Length of the carpet
=
Area of the wall = Area of 2400 tiles

or, 4h = 120
or,
4h 120
4
4
[Dividing both sides by 4]

or, h = 30
Hence, the height of the wall is 30 metres.
Ex. 15: Find the perimeter of a rectangular field
whose length is four times its width
and which has an area equal to 30976
cm 2 .
Soln:
Let the width of the field be b cm. Then,
Length of the field = 4b cm.
Area of the field = (b 4b) cm2 = 4b2 cm2
But, area of the field is given as 30976
cm 2.
4b2 = 30976
30976
2
7744
or, b
4
2
2
or, b = (88)
or, b = 88
Length of the field = 4b cm
= (4 88) cm = 352 cm
Width of the field = b cm = 88 cm
Hence,
Perimeter of the field
= 2 (length + breadth)
= 2 (352 + 88) cm = 880 cm
Ex. 16: A 5 m wide lane was paved with bricks
of size 20 cm by 15 cm. If the rate of
bricks was Rs 750 per thousand and if
bricks worth Rs 49500 were used for
pavements, find the length of the lane.
Soln:
We have,
Rate of bricks = Rs 750 per thousand
Total cost of bricks = Rs 49500
K KUNDAN
Area of the hall
360
= Width of the carpet 1.5 = 240 m
Rate of the carpet = Rs 10 per metre.

Cost of the carpet = Rs (240 10)
= Rs 2400.
Ex. 14: Find the height of the wall whose length
is 4 m and which can be covered by
2400 tiles of size 25 cm by 20 cm.
Soln:
Area of a tile = (25 20) cm2 = 500 cm2.
Area of 2400 tiles = (2400 500) cm2
= 1200000 cm 2
1200000
=
m2
10000
49500
thousand
750
= 66 thousand
= 66000
Area of one brick = (20 15) cm2
= 300 cm2
Area covered by 66000 bricks
= 66000 300 cm2
= 19800000 cm 2
Number of bricks =
19800000
m2 = 1980 m2
10000
10000 cm
1 m2
Hence, area of the lane = 1980 m .
It is given that the width of the lane is 5 m.
2
[10000 cm 1 m ]
= 120 m2.
Let the height of the wall be h metres.
Th en ,
area of the wall = 4h m2.
Since 2400 tiles completely cover the wall.
Therefore,
Area
m
Length of the lane =
width
=
1980
m = 396 m
5
506
Ex. 17: The length and breadh of a playground

ar e 75 m 20 cm and 34 m 80 cm ,
respectively. Find the cost of levelling
it at Rs 1.50 per square metre. How
long will a boy take to go three times
round the field, if he walks at the rate
of 1.5 m/sec.
Soln:
We have,
Length of the playground
= 75 m 20 cm = 75.20 m
Breadth of the playground
= 34 m 80 m = 34.80
Area of the playground
= 75.20 34.80 m2 = 2616.96 m2
Cost of levelling = Rs 2616.96 1.50
= Rs 3925.44
Perimeter of the playground
= 2(length + breadth)
= 2(75.20 + 34.80) m
= (2 110) m = 220 m.
Total distance to be covered by the boy
= 3 (Perimeter of the playground)
= 3 220 m = 660 m
Speed of the boy = 1.5 m/sec.
Time taken by the boy =
660
sec
1.5
Distance
Time
Speed
Soln:
Let the actual length and breadth of the

r ect angular f ield be l and b met r es
respectively.
The faulty metre-rod measures 0.90 metre
as 1 metre.
1
It will measure 1 metre as
metre
0.90
It will measure l met r es as
1
l
0.90
metres.
Thus, according to the faulty metre-rod
the length of the field is
l
metres.
0.90
Similarly, breadth of the field measured

by the faulty rod =
b
metres.
0.90
l
b
lb
0.90 0.90 0.81

But, the faulty metre-rod measures the area
of the field as 200 m2.
Area of the field =
lb
200
0.81
or, lb = 200 0.81 m2

or, lb = 162 m2
Hence, the correct area of the field is 162
m 2.
K KUNDAN
= 440 sec =
440
minutes
60
22
minutes
3
= 7 minutes 20 seconds
Ex. 18: The carpet for a room 6.6 m by 5.6 m
costs Rs 3960 and it was made from a
roll 70 cm wide. Find the cost of the
carpet per metre.
Soln:
We have,
Area of the carpet = 6.6 5.6 m2
= 36.96 m2.
Width of the roll = 70 cm = 0.7 m
=
Areas of Paths
Ex. 20: A rectangular grassy lawn measuring

30 m by 28 m is t o be sur rounded
externally by a path which is 2 m wide.
Find the cost of levelling the path at
the rate of Rs 5 per square metre.
Soln:
Let ABCD be the grassy lawn, and let
PQRS be the external boundaries of the
path.
Area
36.96
=
Width
0.7
= 52.8 m
Cost of the carpet = Rs 3960.
Cost of the carpet per metre
Length of the roll =
3960
= Rs 75.
52.8
Hence, the carpet costs Rs 75 per metre.
Ex. 19: The ar ea of a rect angular fi el d i s
calculated to be 200 m2 when its sides
are measured with a faulty metre rod.
If that metre rod is actually 0.90 metre
long, find the correct area of the field.
= Rs
We have,
length AB = 30 m, breadth BC = 28 m
Area of lawn ABCD = 30 28 m2
= 840 m2
Length PQ = (30 m + 2 m + 2 m)
= 34 m
Breadth QR = 28 m + 2 m + 2 m
= 32 m
Area PQRS = 34 32 m2 = 1088 m2
507

Now, Area of the path
= Area PQRS - Area of the lawn
= (1088 - 840 =) 248 m2
Cost of levelling the path
= Rs (248 5) = Rs 1240
Ex. 21: A grassy plot is 80 m 60 m. Two cross
paths each 4 m wide are constructed
at right angles through the centre of
t he fiel d, such t hat each pat h i s
par al lel to one of t he sides of the
rectangle. Find the total area used as
path. Also, find the cost of gravelling
them at Rs 5 per square metre.
Soln:
Let ABCD and EFGH be the cross paths.
We have, AB = 80 m and BC = 4 m
Area of a square at one of the corners

= (8 8) m2 = 64 m2
Area of the four squares
= 4 64 m2 = 256 m2
Hence, r equir ed ar ea = Ar ea of t he
rectangle ABCD Area of the four squares
= (2880 - 64 =) 2816 m2
Ex. 23: Calculate the area of the figure given
below.
Soln:
Area of path ABCD = (80 4) m2

= 320 m2
Again, EF = 60 m and FG = 4 m
Area of path EFGH = (60 4) m2
= 240 m2
Clearly, area PQRS is common to both the
paths.
We have,
Area PQRS = (4 4 =) 16 m2
Total area used as path = Area of path
ABCD + Area of path EFGH - Area PQRS
= (320 + 240 - 16) = 544 m2
We have, rate of gravelling the path
= Rs 5 per square metre
Total cost of gravelling the path
= Rs (5 544) = Rs 2720
Ex. 22: Calculate the area of the shaded region
shown in the figure given below:
Complete the rectangles ABCQ and DEFR

by drawing dotted lines NQ and PR.
Now,
Area of rectangle ABCQ = (12 3) m2
= 36 m2
Area of rectangle DEFR = (12 3) m2
= 36 m2
Area of rectangle PNQR = (9 4) m2
= 36 m2
[ PN = PH + HM + MN = (3 + 3 + 3) m
and, QN = AQ AN = (12 8) m]
Area of rectangle LMHK = (6 3) m2
= 18 m2
Hence, required area
= 36 m2 + 36 m2 + 36 m2 + 18 m2
= 126 m2
Ex. 24: A table cover, 4 m 2 m, is spread on
a meeting table. If 25 cm of the table
cover is hanging all around the table,
find the cost of polishing the table top
at Rs 2.25 per square metre.
Soln:
To find the cost of polishing the table top
we have to find its area for which we
require its length and breadth.
K KUNDAN
Soln:
We have,
Area of the rectangle ABCD
= (60 48) m2 = 2880 m2
We have,
Length of the cloth = 4 m
Breadth of the cloth = 2 m
508
Since 25 cm width of cloth is outside the
table on each side. Therefore,
Length of the table = (4 2 0.25) m
= 3.5 m
Breadth of the table = (2 2 0.25) m
= 1.5 m
Area of the top of the table
= (3.5 1.5) m2
It is given that the cost of polishing the
table top is at the rate of Rs 2.25 per square
metre. Therefore, cost of polishing the top
= Area Rate per sq metre
= Rs (3.5 1.5 2.25)
7 3 9
=
2 2 4
= Rs 11.81
Ex. 25: There is a square field whose side is
44 m. A square flower bed is prepared
in its centre leaving a gravel path all
round the flower bed. The total cost of
laying the flower bed and gravelling the
path at Rs 2.75 and Rs 1.50 per square
metre respectively, is Rs 4904. Find the
width of the gravel path.
Soln:
Let the width of the gr avel pat h be x
metres. Then, each side of the square
flower bed is (44 - 2x) metres.
It is given that the total cost of laying the

flower bed and gravelling the path is Rs
4904
11 (22 x)2 + 6 (44x x 2 ) = 4904
or, 11 (484 44x + x2) + (264x 6x2)
= 4904
or, 5x2 220x + 5324 = 4908
or, 5x2 220x + 420 = 0
or, x2 44x + 84 = 0
or, x2 42x 2x + 84 = 0
or, x (x 42) 2 (x 42) = 0
or, (x 2) (x 42) = 0
or, x = 2 or x = 42
But x 42, as the side of the square is 44
m. Therefore, x = 2.
Hence, the width of the gravel path is 2
metres.
Ex. 26: The length and breadth of a rectangular
field are in the ratio of 7 : 4. A path 4
m wide running all around outside it
has an area of 416 m2. Find the length
and breadth of the field.
Soln:
Let the length and breadth of the field be
7x and 4x metres respectively. Then,
K KUNDAN
Now, area of the square field
= (44 44 =) 1936 m2
Area of the flower bed = (44 2x)2 m2
Area of the gravel path = Area of the
field - Area of the flower bed
= 1936 (44 2x)2
= 1936 (1936 176x + 4x2)
= (176x 4x2) m2
Cost of laying the flower bed = (Area of
the flower bed) (Rate per sq m)
2
= (44 2x )
275
100
11
(44 2x )2 = 11(22 x )2
4
Cost of gravelling the path
= (Area of the path) (Rate per sq m)
=
2
= (176x 4x )
150
6(44x x 2 )
100
Area of the field = (7x 4x) m2

= 28x2 m2
Length of the field (including path)
= (7x + 8) m
Breadth of the field (including path)
= (4x + 8) m
So, Area of the field and path together
= (7x + 8) (4x + 8) m2
Area of the path
= [(7x + 8) (4x + 8) 28x2] m2
= (88x + 64) m2
It is given that the area of the path is 416
m2
88x + 64 = 416
or, 88x = 416 - 64
or, 88x = 352
or, x = 4m
Hence, length of the field = 7x = 28 m
breadth of the field = 4x = 16 m
Ex. 27: A chess boar d cont ains 64 equal
squares and the area of each square
is 6.25 cm2. A border round the board
is 2 cm wide. Find the length of the
side of the chess board.
Soln:
Let the length of the side of the chess
board be x cm. Then,
509
Hence the area of a triangle is equal to half

the product of the base and the height.
From the above, we have
Base =
2 Area
Height
and Height =
2 Area
Base
( i i) Area of a Triangle when its sides are given

(Heros Formula) = s(s a )(s b )(s c )
Where, is the area of the triangle; and a,
area of 64 squares = (x 4)2
(x 4)2 = 64 6.25
or, x2 8x + 16 = 400
or, x2 8x 384 = 0
or, x2 24x + 16x 384 = 0
or, (x 24) (x + 16) = 0
or, x = 24 cm
Triangle
1
(a + b + c) =
2
semi-perimeter of the triangle.
Thus, from half of the sum of the three
sides subtract each side separately. Multiply
the half sum and the three remainders
together. The square root of the product will
be the area of triangle.
b, c are its sides and s =
Equilateral Triangle
A figure bounded by the three sides is called a

triangle.
( i ) Area of a triangle =
1
Base Height
2
A triangle whose all the three sides are equal is

called equilateral triangle.
In an equilateral triangle ABC, a = b= c
a a a
3
a
=
2
2
Hence,
s =
3a 3a
3a
3a
a
a
a
2 2
2
2
K KUNDAN
( i ) Area =
ABC is the given triangle. Let BDEC be the

rectangle on the same base BC and on the
same height AF. Since AF is perpendicular
to BC, each of the figures ADBF, AECF is a
rectangle.
Now triangle ABF =
1
rectangle ADBF
2
Now triangle ACF =
1
rectangle AECF
2
By adding, we get
ABF + ACF
=
1
1
rectangle ADBF +
rectangle AECF
2
2
3a a a a

=
2 2 2 2
3
(Side)2
4
2 Area
( i i) Height =
Base
3
a2
4
3 2
a
4
a
3
3
a
(Side)
2
2
Right-angled Triangle
A triangle having one of its angles equal to 90 is
called right-angled triangle.
1
rectangle BCED
2
ie ABC =
=
1
BC CE
2
1
BC AF
2
1
Base Height
2
[As CE = AF]
The figure ABC is right-angled triangle, angle
B being a right angle ie of 90. Here, BC is the
base of the triangle, AB is the height of the triangle.
510
AC, the side opposite to the right angle, is called

the hypotenuse.
In case of a triangle ABC right-angled at B, AC2
= AB 2 + BC2. This is known as the Pythagoras
Theorem. It may be stated in words thus:
In a right-angled triangle the square described
on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the
squares on the other two sides.
Let b be the base, p be the perpendicular and h
be the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle. Then,
( i ) Perimeter = (b + p + h)
( i i) Area =
1
1
Base Height = b p
2
2
( i ii ) Hypotenuse =
b2 p 2
Solved Examples
Ex. 28: The area of a right-angled triangle is
50 m2. If one of the legs is 20 m, find
the length of the other leg.
Soln:
In a right-angled triangle, if one side is
the base, then the other side is its altitude
or height.
Let the given leg be the base. Then, the
other leg is the altitude.
Here, Area of the triangle = 50 m2
One leg of the triangle = 20 m
The other leg of the triangle
= Height of the triangle
2 Area 2 50
m = 5 m
Base
20
Ex. 29: Find the area of an isosceles rightangled triangle, if one of the equal sides
is 20 cm long.
Soln:
We know that in an isosceles right angled
triangle, any one of the two sides which
are at right angle can be taken as the base
and the other perpendicular side is the
altitude.
Therefore,
base = 20 cm and altitude = 20 cm
So, area of the given triangle
=
Isosceles Triangle
An isosceles triangle is one which has two of its
sides equal. Its third side is usually called the
base.
1
2
2
= 20 20 cm 200 cm
2
Ex. 30: The area of a triangle is equal to that

of a square whose each side measures
60 metres. Find the side of the triangle
whose cor responding al tit ude is 90
metres.
Soln:
We have,
Area of the square = (60 60) m2
= 3600 m2
Area of the square = 3600 m2
Altitude of the triangle = 90 m
Side of the triangle
K KUNDAN
Let ABC be an isosceles triangle such that AB =
AC = b units and BC = a units.
Area of ABC
=
1
1
Base (Equal side)2 (Base)2
2
4
Isosceles Right-angled Triangle
For an isosceles right-angled triangle, each of

whose equal side is a, we have
2 Area
= Correspond ing Altitude
( i ) Hypotenuse =
a2 a 2 2 a
( i i) Perimeter = 2a 2 a 2 2 a
( i ii ) Area =
1
Base Height
2
1
1
a a a2
2
2
2 3600
m = 80 m
=
90
Ex. 31: The base of a triangular field is three

t i mes it s al t i tude. I f t he cost of
cultivating the field at Rs 24. 60 per
hectare is Rs 332.10, find its base and
height.
Soln:
Let the altitude of the triangular field be x
metres.
Then, base = 3x metres (given).
Area =
1
(Base Height)
2
511
1
(3x x)
2
3 2
= x sq m
...... (i)
2
It is given that the cost of cultivating the

field at the rate of Rs 24.60 per hectare is
Rs 332.10.
Total cost 332.10
Rate
24.60
= 13.5 hectares
= (13.5 10000) sq m.
[ 1 hectare = 10000 sq m]
= 135000 sq m
....... (ii)
From (i) and (ii) , we have
Area =
3 2
x 135000
2
2
or, x 135000
2
3
or, x2 = 90000
or, x = 300
Hence, height = 300 m and
base = 3x = 900 m.
Ex. 32: Find the area of a right-angled triangle
with hypotenuse 25 cm and base 7 cm.
Soln:
Let ABC be the right-angled triangle with
base
Th en ,
Area of ABC =
or, 60 =
1
(Base Height)
2
1
(AB BC)
2
1
5x (3x 1)
2
120 = 5x (3x 1)
24 = x (3x 1)
3x2 x 24 = 0
3x2 9x + 8x 24 = 0
3x (x 3) + 8 (x 3) = 0
(x 3) (3x + 8) = 0
x 3 = 0 or, 3x + 8 = 0
x = 3
or, 60 =
or,
or,
or,
or,
or,
or,
or,
or,
K KUNDAN
or, x =
8
3
8
]
3
AB = 5x = (5 3 =) 15 cm and
BC = (3x 1) = (3 3 1 =) 8 cm.
Now,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
[By Pythagoras Theorem]
or, AC2 = (15)2 + (8)2
or, AC2 = 289
or, AC = 17 cm.
Hence, hypotenuse = 17 cm.
Ex. 34: The perimeter of a right-angled triangle
is 60 cm. Its hypotenues is 25 cm. Find
the area of the triangle.
Soln:
Let ABC be the given right-angled triangle
such t hat base = BC = x cm and
hypotenuse AC = 25 cm.
or, x = 3 [ x
BC = 7 cm and
hypotenuse AC = 25 cm.
Using Pythagoras Theorem, we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
or, (25)2 = AB2 + 72
or, AB2 = 252 72 = 625 49 = 576
or, AB = 24.
1
Hence, area of ABC =
(Base height)
2
1
=
(7 24) = 84 cm2.
2
Ex. 33: The length of the sides forming rightangle of a right-angled triangle are 5x
cm and (3x 1) cm. If the area of the
triangle is 60 cm2, find its hypotenuse.
Soln:
Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with
right-angle at B. Let AB = 5x and BC
= 3x 1.
512
Now, perimeter = 60 cm
or, AB + BC + AC = 60
or, AB + x + 25 = 60 cm
or, AB = 35 x.
By Pythagoras Theorem, we have
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
or, Hypotenuse = 50 cm
Hence, t he dimensions of t he giv en
triangle are Base = 40 cm, Altitude = 30
cm and Hypotenuse = 50 cm.
Ex. 36: Find the perimeter of an equilateral
or, (35 x )2 x 2 252
Soln:
or, 2x 2 70x 600 0
triangle whose area is 4 3 cm 2 .

Let each side of the triangle be a cm. Then,
its area is
or, x 2 35x 300 0
3 2
a 4 3
4
or, x 2 20x 15x 300 0

or, (x 20 )(x 15 ) 0
or, x = 20 or x = 15
If x = 20, then AB = 35 x = 15 and
BC = x = 20
1
(BC AB)
Area =
2
1
(20 15) 150cm2
2
If x = 15, then AB = 35 x = 20 and
BC = x = 15
2
or, a 4 3
1
(15 20 ) 150 cm2 .
2
Hence, area = 150 cm2
Ex. 35: The area of a right-angled triangle is
600 sq cm. If the base of the triangle
exceeds the altitude by 10 cm, find the
dimensions of the triangle.
Soln:
Let the altitude of the given triangle be x
cm long.
Then, base = (x + 10) cm.
Now, Area = 600 cm 2
=
16
or, a = 4.
Hence, perimeter of the given triangle
= 3a cm = (3 4) cm = 12 cm.
Ex. 37: If each side of an equilateral triangle
is increased by 2 cm, then its area
1
(BC AB)
Area =
2
3 2
a .
4
Soln:
increases by 3 3 cm2. Find the length

of each side and its area.
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle of side
a cm.
Th en ,
3 2
a cm2 ......(i)
4
Let DEF be the new equilateral triangle of
side (a + b) cm. Then,
A1 = Area of ABC =
K KUNDAN
1
or,
(Base Height) = 600
2
or,
1
(x + 10)x = 600
2
or, x2 + 10x = 1200

or, x2 + 10x 1200 = 0
or, x2 + 40x 30x 1200 = 0
or, x (x + 40) 30 (x + 40) = 0
or, (x + 40) (x 30) = 0
or, x = 30 or x = 40
But x cannot be negative. So, x = 30.
So, base = x + 10 = (30 + 10 =) 40 cm.
Since the tr iangle is r ight -angled.
Therefore,
(Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Perpendicular) 2
or, (Hypotenuse)2 = 402 + 302
or, (Hypotenuse) 2 = 2500
A1 = Area of DEF =
3
(a b )2 cm2 .... (ii)
4
It is given that
A 2 A1 3 3
or,
3
3 2
(a 2)2
a 3 3
4
4
[Using (i) and (ii)]

or,
3
3 2
(a 2)2
(a 12)
4
4
or, (a 2)2 a 2 12
or, a 2 4a 4 a 2 12
or, 4a = 8
or, a = 2
So, length of each side of ABC = 2 cm.
And, area of ABC =
3
(2)2 =
4
2
3 cm .
Ex. 38: Find the area of an isosceles triangle

having the base 6 cm and the length
of each equal side 5 cm.
513

Soln:
We know that,
Area of an isosceles triangle
1
1
2
2
Base (Equal side) (Base)
2
4
Here, base = 6 cm, equal side = 5 cm.
Area of the given triangle
=
1
1
6 (5)2 (6)2 cm 2
2
4
3 25 9 cm2
3 16 cm2 = 12 cm2
Ex. 39: The base of an isosceles triangle is 12
cm and its perimeter is 32 cm. Find its
ar ea.
Soln:
We have, base = 12 cm and
perimeter =32 cm.
Let the length of each of the two equal
sides be b cm. Then,
Perimeter = 32 cm
or, 2b + 12 = 32
or, 2b = 32 12
or, 2b = 20
or, b = 10
Thus, we have
Base = 12 cm and equal side = 10 cm.
Area of the given triangle
64 6 6 cm2
8 2 62 cm2
= (6 8) cm2 = 48 cm2
Ex. 40: Find the perimeter of an isosceles rightangled triangle having an area of 200
cm 2 .
Soln:
Let ABC be an isosceles r ight -angled
triangle with right angle at B such that
AB = BC = a cm. Then,
1
1
2
2
Base (Equal side) (Base)
2
4
1
1
12 (10)2 (12)2 cm 2
2
4
Area of ABC =
or, 200 =
1
(Base Height)
2
1
a2
(a a) =
2
2
a2
[ Area = 200 cm2 (given)]
2
or, a2 = 400
or, a = 20
Now, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
[By Pythagoras Theorem]
or, AC2 = a2 + a2
or, AC2 = 2a2
K KUNDAN
=
6 100 36 cm2
6 64 cm2
= 6 8 cm2 = 48 cm2
Alternative Method:
Let the length of the two equal sides be x
cm. Then,
Perimeter = 32 cm
or, 2x + 12 = 32
or, 2x = 32 12
or, 2x = 20
or, x = 10
Thus, the sides of the given triangle are a
= 10 cm, b = 10 cm and c = 12 cm, and 2s
= 32 cm.
s = 16 cm,
s a = (16 10) cm = 6 cm,
s b = (16 10) = 6 cm and
s c = (16 12) cm = 4 cm.
Area of the triangle
=
s(s a )(s b )(s c )
16 6 6 4 cm2
or, AC 2 a cm.
Hence,
perimeter = AB + BC + AC
= 2a +
2a
= 40 + 20 2
[ a = 20]
= 40 + 20 1.41
= 68.2 cm.
Ex. 41: The area of an isosceles triangle is 60
cm 2 and the length of each one of its
equal sides is 13 cm. Find its base.
Soln:
Let ABC be the given isosceles triangle in
which AB = AC = 13 cm. Dr aw AD
perpendicular from A on BC. Let BC = 2x
cm.
514
Then, BD = DC = x cm.
In ABC, we have
AB 2 AD 2 BD2
[ By Pythagoras Theorem]
or, 132 AD2 x 2
1
(a + b + c).
2
The sides of the new triangle are 2a , 2b
s =
or, AD 13 2 x 2 169 x 2 .
Now, area = 60 cm2
1
(BC AD) 60
or,
2
or,
Ex. 43: Find the percentage increase in the area

of a triangle if its each side is doubled.
Soln:
Let a, b, c be the sides of the old triangle
and s be its semi-perimeter. Then,
1
2
2x 169 x 60
2
and 2c. Let s be its semi-perimeter. Then,
s =
1
(2a + 2b + 2c) = a + b + c = 2s.
2
Let and be the areas of the old and

new triangles respectively. Then,
or, x 169 x 2 60
or, x 2(169 x 2 ) 3600
s (s 2a )(s 2b )(s 2c )
2s(2s 2a )(2s 2b )(2s 2c )
or, x 169x 3600 0
s(s a )(s b )(s c )
and
or, (x 2 144)(x 2 25) 0
[ s = 2s]
or, x2 = 144 or x2 =25

x = 12 or x =5
Hence, Base = 2x = 24 cm or 10 cm
Ex. 42: The perimeter of a triangular field is
144 m and the ratio of the sides is 3 :
4 : 5 . Find the area of the field.
Soln:
Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of
the triangular field. Then,
a: b : c = 3 : 4 : 5
or a = 3x, b = 4x and c = 5x.
Now, perimeter = 144 m
or (3x + 4x + 5x) = 144 m
or 12x = 144
s(s a )(s b )(s c ) 4
Increase in the area of the triangle

= = 4 = 3.
Hence, percentage increase in area
100 = 300%.
=

Ex. 44: The lengths of the sides of a triangle

are 5 cm, 12 cm and 13 cm. Find the
l engt h of per pendicul ar from the
opposite vertex to the side whose length
is 13 cm.
Soln:
Here a = 5, b = 12 and c = 13.
K KUNDAN
x =
144
= 12
12
Thus, the sides of the triangle are

a = (3 12) m = 36 m,
b = (4 12) m = 48 m and
c = (5 12) m = 60 m
Now, s =
1
(a b c )
2
1
(a + b + c)
2
or
s =
1
(36 + 48 + 60) = 72
2
s a = (72 36) = 36,
s b = (72 48) = 24 and
s c = (72 60) = 12
1
(5 + 12 + 13) = 15
2
Let A be the area of the given triangle.
Th en ,
Area of field =
A =
s =
s (s a )(s b )(s c )
2
s (s a )(s b )(s c )
72 36 24 12 m
or, A =
15 (15 5)(15 12)(15 13 )
62 2 62 6 22 6 2 m 2
or, A =
15 10 3 2 cm2
6 2 m
= 63 22 = 864 m2
....(i)
Let p be the length of the perpendicular

from vertex A on the side BC. Then,
515
Area =
1
Base Height
2
1
(13) p
2
From (i) and (ii), we get
or, A =
x
cm
3
Now, Area of FBE = 108 cm2 (given)
BC =
..... (ii)
1
13 p = 30
2
60
cm.
13
Hence, the length of the perpendicular
from the opposite vertex to the side whose
p
60
cm.
length is 13 cm is
13
Ex. 45: A field in the form of a parallelogram
has one of its diagonals 42 m long and
t he perpendi cular di st ance of thi s
diagonal from either of the outlying
vertices is 10 m 8 dm (see Fig). Find
the area of the field.
or,
1
(FB BE) 108
2
1x x
108
22 3
or, x2 = 1296
or x2 = 12 12 9
or, x = 12 3 = 36 cm.
In ABC, we have AC2 = AB2 + BC2
or,
AC2 362 362

or, AC 2 362
or, AC 36 2
Hence, AC 36 2 cm.
Parallelogram
A par allelogr am is a four -sided f igur e whose
oppost ie sides ar e par allel. Thus ABCD is a
parallelogram in which AB||DC and AD||BC.
K KUNDAN
Soln:
We have, AC = 42 m and DL = BM = 10 m
8 dm = 10 m 80 cm = 10.8 m.
Area of the field = 2 Area of ACD
2
= 2 42 10.8 m = 453.6 m2
2
Ex. 46: ABCD is a square. F is the mid-point of

AB and BE is one third of BC. If the
area of the FBE is 108 sq cm, find
the length of AC.
Soln:
Let the side of the square be x cm. Since
F is the mid-point of AB.
x
cm.
2
Also, BE is one third of BC.
So, BF = AF =
Area of parallelogram ABCD = Base Height

Let CDEF be a rectangle on the same base DC
and of t he same height FC. Then since
parallelograms on the same base and of the same
height are equal in area.
Parallelogram ABCD = Rectangle CDEF
= CD FC
= Base Height
Hence area of a parallelogram is equal to the
product of its base and height.
Area = Base Height
From the above we have,
Area
( i ) Base of a parallelogram = Height
or, Side of a parallelogram

Area
= Correspond ing altitude
( i i) Height of a parallelogram =
Area
Base
or, Altitude of parallelogram

Area
= Correspond ing side
516
Solved Examples
Ex. 47: The base of a parallelogram is thrice
its height. If the area is 876 cm2, find
t he
base
and
hei ght
of
t he
parallelogram.
Soln:
Let the height of the parallelogram be x
cm. Then, base = 3x cm.
Area of the parallelogram
= (x 3x) cm2 = 3x2 cm2
But, area of the parallelogram is given as
867 cm 2.
3x2 = 867
or, x2 = 289
x 289 17
Thus, height = 17 cm and base
= (3 17) cm = 51 cm.
Ex. 48: In the figure given below, ABCD is a
parallelogram, CM AB and BL AD.
(i) If AB = 16 cm, AD = 12 cm and
CM = 10 cm, find BL.
(ii) If AD = 10 cm, CM = 8 cm and
BL = 12 cm, find AB.
Ex. 49: A field in the form of a parallelogram

has base 15 dm and altitude 8 dm.
Find the cost of watering the field at
the rate of 50 paise per square metre.
Soln:
We have,
Base = 15 dm = (15 10) m
[ 1 dm = 10 m]
= 150 m
Altitude = 8 dm = (8 10) m = 80 m
Area of the field = (150 80) m2
= 12000 m2
Rate of watering the field
= 50 paise per square metre
1
per square metre
2
Cost of watering the field
= Re
= Rs 12000 = Rs 6000.
2
Ex. 50: In the figure given below, ABCD is a

parallelogram. DL AB, AB = 8 cm and
AD = 5 cm . I f the ar ea of t he
parallelogram is 24 cm 2 , find AL.
K KUNDAN
Soln:
Soln:(i) We have, base AB = 16 cm and

altitude CM = 10 cm.
Area of parallelogram ABCD
= Base Altitude
= (16 10) cm2 = 160 cm2 .....(i)
Now, taking AD as the base, we have
= Base Altitude
= (12 BL) cm2
.....(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
12 BL = 160
160
13.33 cm
12
(ii) We have, AD = 10 cm, BL = 12 cm
= Base Height
= 10 cm 12 cm = 120 cm2 ....(iii)
Now, taking AB as the base, we have
Area of parallelogram ABCD = AB CM
= (AB 8) cm2
....(iv)
From (iii) and (iv), we get
AB 8 = 120
120
or, AB =
cm
8
or, AB = 15 cm.
BL
We have, base = AB = 8 cm
Area = 24 cm2
Area = Base Altitude
or, 24 = 8 DL
24
cm = 3 cm.
8
Now, in ALD, we have
AD = 5 cm, DL = 3 cm.
By Pythagoras theorem, we have
AD2 = AL2 + DL2
or, 52 = AL2 + 32
or, AL2 = 52 32 = 25 9 = 16
or, AL2 = 42
or, AL = 4
or, DL =
Rhombus
A rhombus is a parallelogram all of whose sides
are equal. In a rhombus the diagonals bisect each
other at right angles. Thus in the rhombus ABCD,
AB = BC = CD = DA and
517

AO = OC, BO = OD
BOC = 90
Area of the rhombus ABCD
= 2BCD = 4BOC
= 4
= 2
1
BO OC
2
Ex. 54: Find the area of a rhombus whose each

side is of length 5 m and one of the
diagonals is of length 8 m.
Soln:
Let ABCD be a rhombus whose each side
is of length 5 m. Let the diagonals AC
and BD intersect at O. Let AC be 8 m.
BD AC
2
2
1
BD AC
2
1
(Product of diagonals)
2
Hence, the area of rhombus is equal to the half
of the product of its diagonals.
=
Solved Examples
Ex. 51: Find the ar ea of a r hom bus whose
diagonals are of lengths 20 cm and 18
cm .
Soln:
Area of the given rhombus
=
1
Product of diagonals
2
= 20 18 cm2 = 180 cm2.

2
Ex. 52: The area of a rhombus is 72 cm2. If its

perimeter is 32 cm, find its altitude.
Soln:
We have, perimeter of the rhombus
= 32 cm
4 (side) = 32 cm
[ Perimeter = 4 (side)]
Since the diagonals of a rhombus bisect

each other at right angles. Therefore,
AOB is a right-triangle
or, AB2 = OA2 + OB2
[Using: Pythagoras theorem]
or, 52 = 42 + OB2
or, OB2 = 25 16
or, OB2 = 9
or, OB2 = 32
or, OB = 3 m
BD = 2 OB = (2 3)m = 6m.
Hence, area of rhombus ABCD
=
1
Product of diagonals
2
K KUNDAN
= 8 6 m2 = 24 m2
2
Ex. 55: If the area of a rhombus be 48 cm2 and

one of its diagonal is 12 cm, find its
altitude.
Soln:
Let ABCD be a rhombus of area 48 cm 2
and diagonal BD = 12 cm.
32
cm = 8 cm
4
Now, area of the rhombus = 72 cm2
or, (Side Altitude) = 72
or, 8 Altitude = 72
side =
72
cm = 9 cm
8
Ex. 53: Find the altitude of a rhombus whose
area is 36 m2 and perimeter is 36 m.
Soln:
We have, perimeter of the rhombus = 36
m and, area of the rhombus = 36 m2
Now, side of the rhombus
Altitude =
Perimeter 36
m = 9 m
4
4
Altitude of the rhombus
=
Area 36
m = 4 m.
Side
9
Now,
Area = 48 cm2
or,
1
AC BD 48
2
1
AC 12 48
2
or, 6 AC = 48
or,
AC =
48
cm = 8 cm
6
518
each other at right angles.
OA
1
AC 4 cm
2
1
BD 3 cm
2
Also, AB2 = OA2 + OB2
[Using Pythagoras Theorem]
or, AB2 = 42 + 32
or, AB2 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 52
or, AB = 5 cm
Since a rhombus is a parallelogram also.
Therefore,
1
AB Altitude
Area of rhobmus =
2
OB
or, 48
or, AB 40 cm 2 10 cm
Hence, perimeter of rhombus
ABCD 4 2 10 cm 8 10 cm .
Ex. 57: If the side of a square is 4 m and it is
converted into a rhombus whose major
diagonal is 6 m, find the other diagonal
and the area of the rhombus.
Soln:
Let AB = 4 m be the side of a square ABPQ
which is converted into a rhombus ABCD
such that diagonal AC = 6 m.
1
5 Altitude
2
48 2
96
cm =
cm = 19.2 cm
5
5
Ex. 56: If the area of a rhombus be 24 cm2 and
one of its diagonals be 4 cm, find the
perimeter of the rhombus.
Soln:
Let ABCD be a rhombus such that its one
diagonal AC = 4 cm. Suppose the diagonals
AC and BD intersect at O.
or, Altitude =

each ot her at r ight angle, t her ef or e
1
AC 3m and AOB = 90.
2
In OAB, we have
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
or, 42 = 32 + OB2
or, OB2 = 16 9
OA
K KUNDAN
or, OB =
7m
BC = 2OB = 2 7 m .
Hence, area of rhombus ABCD
1
AC BD
=
2
Now,
Area of rhombus ABCD = 24 cm2
1
AC BD 24
or,
2
1
4 BD 24
2
or, 2 BD = 24
or, BD = 12
Thus, we have, AC = 4 cm and BD = 12 cm
1
OA AC 2 cm and
2
or,
1
BD 6 cm
2
each other at right angle. Therefore, OAB
is a right triangle, right angled at O.
By Pythagoras theorem, we have
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
or, AB2 = 22 + 62 = 40
1
2
2
= 6 2 7 m 6 7 m .
2
Trapezium
A trapezium is a four-sided figure having a pair of
opposite sides parallel. Thus ABCD is a trapezium
in which AB||DC.
OB
Area of trapezium
1
=
Height Sum of the parallel sides
2
1
=
(Distance between par allel sides)
2
(Sum of parallel sides)
519

Draw AE and BF perpendicular from A and B to
DC.
Trapezium ABCD
= ADE + Rectangle ABFE + BFC
1
1
=
DE AE + AE EF +
BF FC
2
2
1
=
AE (DE + 2EF + FC)
2
=
1
AE (DE + EF + FC + AB)
2
1
AE (DC + AB)
2
[ BF = AE]
[ EF = AB]
1
Height Sum of the parallel sides
2
Hence, the area of a trapezium is equal to the
product of half the sum of parallel sides and height.
=
Solved Examples
Ex. 58: Find the area of a trapezium whose
parallel sides are of lengths 10 cm and
12 cm and the distance between them
is 4 cm.
Soln:
We have,
1
2
= 21 15 10 cm
2
2
2 15 24 12 cm
1
2 1
2
= 36 10 cm 39 12 cm
2
= 180 cm2 + 234 cm2 = 414 cm2

Ex. 60: The area of a trapezium is 180 cm 2
and its height is 9 cm. If one of the
parallel sides is longer than the other
by 6 cm, find the two parallel sides.
Soln:
Let one of the parallel sides be of length x
cm. Then, the length of the other parallel
side is (x + 6) cm.
Area of the trapezium
1
= x x 6 9 cm2
2
= 2x 6 9 cm2
2
= (9x + 27) cm2

But the area of the trapezium is given as
180 cm 2.
9x + 27 = 180
or, 9x = 180 27 = 153
153
= 17
9
Thus, the two parallel sides are of lengths
17 cm and (17 + 6) cm = 23 cm.
Ex. 61: If the perimeter of a trapezium be 52
cm, its non-parallel sides are equal to
10 cm each and its altitude is 8 cm,
find the area of the trapezium.
Soln:
We have,
Perimeter of the trapezium = 52 cm
or, Sum of the parallel sides + Sum of the
non-parallel sides = 52 cm
or, Sum of the parallel sides + 2 10 = 52
or, Sum of the parallel sides
= (52 20)cm = 32 cm
Altitude of the trapezium = 8 cm.
Area of the trapezium
K KUNDAN
1
(Sum of the
2
parallel sides) (Distance between the
parallel sides)
Area of the trapezium =
= 10 12 4 cm2
2
= 22 4 cm2 = 44 cm2
2
Ex. 59: Find the area of the figure given below:
or, x =
Soln:
We have,
Area of the given figure
= Ar ea of tr apezium ABCD + Ar ea
of trapezium CDEF
1
(Sum of the parallel sides) Altitude
2
= 32 8 cm2 = 128 cm2.

2
Ex. 62: The parallel sides of a trapezium are

20 cm and 10 cm. Its non-parallel sides
are both equal, each being 13 cm. Find
the area of the trapezium.
Soln:
Let ABCD be a trapezium such that AB =
20 cm, CD = 10 cm and AD = BC = 13 cm.
520
Draw CL || AD and CM AB.

Now, CL || AD and CD || AB.
ALCD is a parallelogram.
AL = CD = 10 cm and
CL = AD = 13 cm.
In CLB, we have
CL = CB = 13 cm
CLB is an isosceles triangle.
1
1
BL =
10 cm = 5 cm
LM = MB =
2
2
BL AB AL
(20 10) cm 10 cm
Applying Pythagoras theorem in CLM,
we have
CL2 = CM2 + LM2
or, 132 = CM2 + 52
or, CM2 = 169 25 = 144
or, CM =
144 = 12
Clearly, AECD is a parallelogram.

Now, EB = AB AE
= AB DC
[ AE = DC]
= (25 11) cm = 14 cm
Also, EC = AD = 15 cm.
Thus, in ECB, we have
EB = 14 cm, EC = 15 cm and
BC = 13 cm
Let s be the semi-perimeter of the ECB.
Th en ,
1
s 14 15 13 cm = 21 cm.
2
Area of ECB
=
s(s a )(s b )(s c )
21 (21 14 )(21 15 )(21 13) cm2
2
21 7 6 8 cm
2
7 3 7 2 3 23 cm
2
7 2 33 24 cm
= 7 3 22 cm2 = 84 cm2
Also, Area of ECB =
....(i)
1
(Base Height)
2
1
(EB CF)
2
K KUNDAN
1
BL CM
Area of CLB =
2
= 10 12 cm2 = 60 cm2.
2
Area of parallelogram ALCD = AL CM

= (10 12)cm2 = 120 cm2.
Hence, area of trapezium ABCD = Area of
parallelogram ALCD + Area of CLB
= (120 + 60)cm2 = 180 cm2.
Ex. 63: The parallel sides of a trapezium are
25 cm and 11 cm, while its non-parallel
sides are 15 cm and 13 cm. Find the
area of the trapezium.
1
(14 CF) cm2
2
= (7 CF) cm2 ....(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get 7 CF = 84
=
84
cm = 12 cm.
7
Area of parallelogram AECB
= Base Height
= AE EF
= (11 12) cm2 = 132 cm2
Now,
Area of t rapezium ABCD = (Ar ea of
parallelogram AECB) + (Area of ECB)
= (132 + 84) cm2 = 216 cm2
Note : We can find the area of trapezium
directly as follows:
We have, lengths of parallel sides
= 11 cm and 25 cm
Height of the trapezium = 12 cm
Area of trapezium
or, CF =
Soln:
Let ABCD be a trapezium such that AB ||

DC, AB = 25 cm, DC = 11 cm, AD = 15 cm
and BC = 13 cm.
Draw CE || DA and CF AB.
1
Height (Sum of the parallel sides)
2
= 12 (25 11) sq cm
2
= 12 36 = [36 6] = 216 sq cm
2
521

Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by four
sides. Thus ABCD is a quadrilateral.
= 20 (8.5 11) m2
2
= (10 19.5) m2 = 195 m2.

Ex. 65: In quadrilateral ABCD shown in figure
given below, AB || DC and AD AB.
Also, AB = 8 m, DC = BC = 5 m. Find the
area of the quadrilateral.
Area of quadrilateral ABCD

1
=
(Length of a diagonal) (Sum of the lengths
2
of perpendiculars from the remaining two
vertices on the diagonal).
Join DB. Draw AE and CF perpendiculars to DB
Quadrilateral ABCD = ABD + BDC
=
1
1
BD AE +
BD CF
2
2
1
BD (AE + CF)
2
Hence, the area of quadrilateral is equal to the
product of one diagonals and half the sum of
perpendiculars drawn on it from the other two
vertices.
Note: (i) The area of the quadrilateral can also be
found if the lengths of all its sides and
one diagonal is known, then the area of
each of the two triangles into which the
diagonal divides the quadrilateral can be
found.
( i i) This f or mula is also applicable t o a
rectangle, a square, a parallelogram, a
rhombus or a trapezium for which we
have special formulae.
=
Soln:
Clearly, ABCD is a trapezium, and AD

= CE is its height.
We have,
BE = AB AE = AB DC = (8 5) m
= 3 m.
In BCE, we have
BC2 = BE2 + CE2
or, 52 = 32 + CE2
or, CE2 = 25 9
or, CE2 = 16
or, CE =
16 m = 4 m.
1
=
(AB + DC) CE
2
K KUNDAN
Solved Examples
= (8 5 ) 4 m2 = 26 m2.
2
Ex. 66: Find the ar ea of t he quadr i lat eral

ABCD, in which AB = 7 cm, BC = 6 cm,
CD = 12 cm, DA = 15 cm and AC = 9 cm.
Soln:
The diagonal AC divides the quadrilateral
ABCD into two triangles ABC and ACD.
Ex. 64: The diagonal of a quadrilateral is 20

m in length and the perpendiculars to
it from the opposite vertices are 8.5 m
and 11 m . Fi nd t he ar ea of t he
quadrilateral.
Soln:
In quadrilateral ABCD, we have AC = 20
m. Let BL AC and DM AC such that
BL = 8.5 m and DM = 11 m.

=
1
AC (BL + DM)
2

= Area of ABC + Area of ACD
For ABC, we have
679
11 cm
s =
2
522
Area of ABC =
For
s (s a ) (s b )(s c )
11 (11 6) (11 7) (11 9)
11 5 4 2
= 440 sq cm = 20.98 cm
ACD, we have
9 12 15
18 cm.
s =
2
Area of ACD
=
18 (18 9) (18 12) (18 15 )
18 9 6 3
= 18 3 cm2 = 54 cm2
Hence, area of quadrilateral ABCD
= (20.98 + 54) cm2 = 74.98 cm2.
Ex. 67: Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD
whose sides are 9 m, 40 m, 28 m and
15 m respectively and the angle between
the first two sides is a right angle.
Soln:
Let ABCD be the given quadrilateral such
that ABC = 90 and AB = 9 m, BC = 40
m, CD = 28 m, AD = 15 m.
Area of ACD =
s(s a ) (s b ) (s c )
42(42 41)(42 28)(42 15)
14 3 14 27
= 14 9 = 126 m2
Hence, Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= (Area of ABC) + (Area of ACD)
= (180 + 126) m2 = 306 m2
Regular Polygons
A polygon is figure bounded by more than four
straight lines. A polygon is said to be regular when
all its sides and angles are equal.
Polygon can be either convex or concave as
mentioned below.
A polygon in which none of its interior (internal)
angles is more than 180, is known as a convex
polygon.
On the other hand, if at least one angle of a
polygon is more than 180 then it is said to be
concave polygon.
We use the following terminology depending
upon the number of sides of a polygon.
Number of sides
Polygon
5
Pentagon
6
Hexagon
7
Septagon
8
Octagon
9
Nonagon
10
Decagon
11
Undecagon
12
Dodecagon
(i) Area of a regular polygon of n sides having given
the length of a side and the radius of the inscribed
cir cle
1
=
number of sides (n) length of a side
2
radius of the inscribed circle
K KUNDAN
In ABC, we have AC2 = AB2 + BC2
or, AC2 = 92 + 402 = 1681
or, AC = 41 m
1
Now, Area of ABC =
(Base Height)
2
=
=
1
(AB BC)
2
1
(9 40) m2 = 180 m2
2
In ACD, we have
AC = 41 m, CD = 28 m and DA = 15 m.
Let a = AC = 41 m, b = CD = 28 m and c
= DA = 15 m. Then,
1
s =
(a + b + c)
2
1
=
(41 +28 + 15) = 42
2
Let ABCDE be a regular polygon in which AB = a

and OG (the radius of the inscribed circle) = r
Join OA, OB, OC, OD, OE. Thus the polygon is
divided into as many triangles as its number of
sides.
Area of polygon
= Area of AOB Number of sides of t he
polygon
1
n
a r
=
AB OG n =
2
2
523

(a)
Hexagon
It can be easily seen t hat t riangle AOB is

equilateral.
Area of equilateral triangle AOB =
3 2
a
4
Area of hexagon ABCDEF = 6
3
a2
4
Let ABCDE be a regular polygon of n sides with

AB = a and OB (the radius of the circumscribed
circle) = R
Draw OG perpendicular to AB. Then OG is the
radius of the inscribed circle.
a
OB 2 GB2 R 2
2
OG =
Area of a regular polygon
3 3a 2
2
(b) Octagon
n
n
a
ar a R 2
2
2
2
In the case of a hexagon, R = a and n = 6.

area of a regular hexagon
6
a
a a2
2
2
3 3 2
a
2
K KUNDAN
(iii) Some Important Results
Here it will be seen that the radius of the inscribed

cir cle
OG = OH + HG =
a
+ HG
2
HG = KB =
Area of octagon ABCDEFLM =
n
a r
2
8
a 2 1
a
2a 2 2 1
2
2
(ii) The area of a regular polygon of n sides having
given the length of one side and the radius of the
circumscribed circle
n 2
180 or 180 (Exterior Angle).

equal to
n
(B) Exterior Angle of a Regular Polygon: Each

exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is
360
.
equal to
n
2 1
a
a
a
OG = 2
2
2
(A) Interior Angle of a Regular Polygon: Each

interior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is
1
number of sides side
2
Radius 2 Side
2
(C) In a convex polygon of n sides, we have:

( i ) Sum of all interior angles
= (2n 4) right angles
= (n 2) 180
( i i) Sum of all exterior angles = 4 right angles
( i ii ) Number of diagonals of a polygon of n sides
n (n 1)
n
=
2
Some Particular cases:

Regular Polygon
Tr iangle
Quadrilateral
Pentagon
Hexagon
Octagon
Nonagon
Decagon
Internal Angle
60
90
108
120
135
140
144
524
(D) Circum-circle of a Regular Polygon: A

regular polygon can be inscribed in a circle which
is known as the circum-circle or circumscribing
circle. The centre of this circle is also the centre
of the polygon and the radius is known as the
circum-radius which is generally denoted by R.
Particular cases:
l Radius of in-circle of a regular hexagon
a
3
cot 30
a
2
2
Area of the in-circle of a regular hexagon
3
3
a a 2
=
2
4
Solved Examples
Ex. 68: Find the area of a regular hexagon
whose side is 10 cm long.
If a is the length of each side of a regular
polygon and R is the circum-radius, then we have
the following results:
Soln:
Area of the polygon =
1
180
na 2 cot
4
n
or, Area of the polygon
3 3
side 2
2
Here, side = 10 cm.

Hence, Area of the given regular hexagon
a
180
cosec
(a) R =
2
n
(b)
Area of a regular hexagon =
3 3
10 2 150 3 cm2
2
Ex. 69: The area of a regular hexagon is 600

cm2 . Determine its perimeter.
Soln:
W e know t hat t he area of a r egular
180
180
2
cos
= nR sin
n
n
(c) Area of the cir cum-circle of an n-sided
hexagon is equal to
3 3
side 2 .
2
K KUNDAN
Area = 600 3 cm 2
2
180
a cosec 2
regular polygon =
4
n
or,
Particular cases:
l Area of a regular hexagon
6 2
3 3 2
a cot 30
a
4
2
l Area of cir cum-cir cle of a r egular
hexagon = a2
l Perimeter = 6a.
Each angle = 120.
(E) In-circle of a Regular Polygon: A regular
polygon can also circumscribe a circle. A circle
having centre at the centre of a regular polygon
and touching all sides of it is called the in-circle.
If a is the length of a side of a regular polygon
and r is the radius of the in-circle, then we have
the following results:
2
or, (side )
a
180
cot
(a) r =
2
n
180
2
(b) Area of polygon = nr tan

n
(c) Area of the in-circle of an n-sided regular
polygon =
2
180
a cot 2
4
n
3 3
(side )2 600 3
2
1200 3
3 3
or, (side)2 = 400

or, side = 20 cm.
So, perimeter = 6 (side) = (6 20) cm
= 120 cm.
Ex. 70: Find to the nearest metre the side of a
r egul ar oct agonal enclosure whose
area is 1 hectare.
Soln:
Area of a regular octagon = 2 1 2 a 2
2 1 2 a 2 = 1 hectare.
10000
a2 =
2(1 2 )
sq cm
or, a2 = 2701 sq m approx.

a = 46 metres approx.
Ex. 71: A square and a regular hexagon have
equal perimeters. Compare their areas.
Soln:
Let P be the perimeter of both a square
and a regular hexagon.
525
Ex. 74: A regular hexagon is inscribed in a

circle of radius 5 cm. Find the area of
the circle which is outside the hexagon.
Th en ,
P
side of the square =
and
4
side of the regular hexagon =
[Use = 3.14 and
P
.
6
A1 = Area of the square = (side)2 =
Soln:
P2
16
A2 = Area of the regular hexagon
3 3
3 3 P
3 2
sdie 2
P

2
2 6
24
A1
P 2 16
3
A
.
3P 2 24 2 3
2
Hence, ar eas of t he squar e and t he
1
3
cm2
2
2
= 64.875 cm 2
Hence,
required area = Area of the circumcircle
Area of the hexagon
= 78.5 - 64.875 cm2
= 13.625 cm2
hexagon are in the ratio 3 : 2 3 .

Ex. 72: The side of a regular pentagon is 10
cm. Find its area.
[Take Cot 36 = 1.3763]
Soln:
The area of an n-sided regular polygon is
= 150
n
180
2
cot
sides .
4
n
Here, n = 5 and side = 10 cm
5
Area of the pentagon =
(cot 36) (10)2
4
= 125 cot 36 cm2
= 125 1.3763
= 172.04 cm2
Ex. 73: Find the difference between the area
of a regular hexagon each of whose
side is 72 cm and the area of the circle
inscribed in it.
Area of the circumcircle

= (radius)2 = 52 = 25 cm2
= 25 3.14 cm2 = 78.5 cm2
We know that the area of a regular polygon
of n sides is given by
180
180
nR 2 sin
cos
;
n
n
where R is the radius of the circumcircle.
Here, n = 6, R = 5 cm.
So, Area of the regular hexagon
= 6 52 sin 30 cos 30 cm2
3 = 1.73]
Circle
A circle is a geometrical figure consisting of all
those point s in a plane which are at a giv en
distance from a fixed point in the same plane.
The fixed point is called the centre of the circle
and the constant distance is known as its radius.
(plural radii)
K KUNDAN
22
).
7
W e know t hat the area of an n-sided
(Take
Soln:
regular polygon is
1
180
na 2 cot
and
4
n
area of the incircle is
1
180
a 2 cot 2
;
4
n
where a is the side of the polygon.

Here, a = 72 and n = 6.
Required area
=
1
180 1
2
2 180
na 2 cot
a cot
4
n 4
n
1
1 22
6 722 cot 30
722 cot2 30
4
4 7
= 7776 3 12219.42 cm2

= (13468.42 - 12219.42) m 2
= 1249 cm2.
In the given figure, O is the centre and r is the

radius of the circle. A circle with centre O and
radius r is generally denoted by C (O, r).
The wor d cir cle is of ten used f or t he
circumference.
(i) Some Important Terms

(a) Circular Region: The part of the circle that
consists of the circle and its interior is called the
circular region.
A circular region is also called a circular disc
as shown in the figure given below.
526
(b) Chord of Circle: A line segment joining
any two points on a circle is called a chord of the
circle. It should be noted that a chord is not a part
of the circle.
In the figure given below, PQ is a chord of the
circle.
(c) Diameter: A chord passing through the centre

of a circle is known as its diameter.
Note that a circle has many diameters and a
diameter of a given circle is one of the largest chords
of the circle. Also, all diameters are of the same
length.
(d) Semi-Circle: Clearly, if d is diameter of a
circle of radius = r, then d = 2r.
Thus, we have
= 3.14 (approximately) =
22
(approximately)
7
Circumference
=
Diameter
C
or,
= C = 2r
2r
Thus, circumference C of a circle of radius r is
given by C = 2r
If d denotes the diameter of the circle.
Then, d = 2r
C = d
Note:The number is not a rational number, but
its value upto two decimal places coincides
22
22
with
. So, we take the value of as
.
7
7
In the remaining part of this chapter, unless
stated otherwise, the value of will be taken
22
as
.
7
Now,
(iii) Area of a Circle
A diameter of a circle divides the circumference

of a circle into two equal parts each of which is
called a semi-circle.
(e) Quadrant: Two perpendicular diameters of
a circle divide its circumference into four equal
parts each of which is known as a quadrant.
(f) Concentric Circles: Circles having the same
cent re but wit h different radii are said t o be
concentric circles.
The figure given below shows two concentric
circles.
In this section, we shall first obtain the formula

for the area of a circle and then the same will be
used to solve some simple problems.
To obtain the formula for the area of a circle, let
us consider the following.
Draw a circle of any radius (say, 2 cm) on a thin
card-board. Cut it out, and by folding divide it into
four equal sectors. Cut these four sectors out, and
bisect each of them by folding.
K KUNDAN
Now you have got eight sectors, arrange these

as shown in the figure below.
(g) Congruent Circle: Two circles are said to

be congruent if and only if either of them can be
superpassed on the other so as to cover it exactly.
It follows from the above definition that two circles
are congruent if and only if their radii are equal.
(ii) Circumference of a Circle
Next bisect each sector, as before, and so get 16

equal sectors. Rearrange these as shown in the
figure below.
The perimeter of a circle is called its circumference.

The ratio of the circumference of a circle and
its diameter is always constant.
Circumference
= 3.14 (approximately)
The ratio
Diameter
This ratio is denoted by (Pi).
Now notice that as the number of sectors is

increased, each arc is decreased; so that
527

( i ) the outlines AB, DC tend to become straight
lines, and
( i i) the angles at D and B tend to become right
angles.
Thus, when t he number of sect or s is
indefinitely increased the figure ABCD ultimately
becomes a rectangle whose length is the semicircumference of the circle, and whose breadth is its
radius.
Hence area of the circle
=
1
(circumference) (radius)
2
1
2r r r 2
2
Hence, area A of a circle of radius r cm is
given by
A = r2
=
Note:Area of a semi-circle
Also, r =
1
1 2
r
=
(Area of the circle) =
2
2
Area of a quadrant of a circle
1
1 2
r .
=
(Area of the circle) =
4
4
Hence,
(a) Arc of a sector of 1 =
1
circumference
360
D
circumference
360
Hence, Arc of the sector
Arc of a sector of D =
Sector angle Circumference

of the circle
360
(b) Area of a sector of 1 =
1
area of circle
360
D
area of circle
360
Hence, Area of the sector
Area of a sector of D =
Sector angle
Area of the circle
360
(c) To show that area of sector
=
1
radius length of arc.
2
Proof. Area of a sector of D
=
D
area of circle
360
D
1
radius circumference
360 2
D
1
circumference radius
360
2
K KUNDAN
(iv) Area Encl osed By Two Concentric
Circles
If R and r are radii of two concentric circles, then
= arc
1
radius
2
1
radius length of arc
2
Note: A quadrant is a part of the circle contained
between two perpendicular radii. Hence a quadrant
is a sector of 90.
=
Area enclosed by the two circles
R 2 r 2 (R 2 r 2 ) (R r )(R r )
(vi) Area of Segment

(v) SectorIts arc and Area
The angle at the centre of a circle contains four
right angles or 360. Hence, if through the centre
of a circle we draw 360 radii making equal angles
with one another, 360 angles of 1 degree each
would be formed at the centre. Since equal angles
at the centre are subtended by equal arcs, the
whole circumference would be divided into 360
equal arcs and the area of the circle would be
divided into 360 equal sectors.
Any chord of a circle, which is not a diameter,

such as AB, divides the circle into two segments,
one greater and one lesser than a semi-circle.
Greater segment is called major segment and

lesser segment is called minor segment.
528
It will be seen from the figure t hat area of

segment ACB = sector OACB OAB.
The area of the segment ADB will be found by
subtracting the area of the segment ACB from the
area of the circle.
Note: Area of a minor segment of angle in a
circle of radius r is given by
2
sin (Always Remember)
A = r
360 2
(vii) Some Particular Cases

(a) Area of a semi-circle : The sector of a semicircle is 180.
Area of a semi-circle
Ex. 76: A pi ece of wi re i n t he form of a

rectangle 8.9 cm long and 5.4 cm broad
is reshaped and bent into the form of
a circle. Find the radius of the circle.
Soln:
We have,
Length of the wire
= Perimeter of the rectangle
= 2 (l + b)
= 2 (8.9 + 5.4) cm
= 28.6 cm
Let the wire be bent into the form of a
circle of radius r cm. Then,
Circumference = 28.6 cm
or, 2r 28.6
180
1
r 2 r 2
=
360
2
(b) Area of a quadrant : The sector angle of a
quadrant of a circle is 90.
Area of a sector of circle
or, 2
22
r 28.6
7
or, r =
28.6 7
cm
2 22
90
1
r 2 r 2
=
360
4
(c) Angle descr ibed by minut e-hand in 60
minutes = 360.
Angle described by minute-hand in one
360
= 6.
minute =
60
Thus, minute-hand r ot at es through an
angle of 6 in one minute.
(d) Angle described by hour-hand in 12 hours
= 360
Angle described by hour-hand in one
or, r =
Ex. 77: A
a
If
a
286 7
cm = 4.55 cm.
2 22 10
copper wire, when bent in the form of
square, encloses an area of 484 cm2 .
the same wire is bent in the form of
circle, find the area enclosed by it.
(Use
22
).
7
K KUNDAN
30 1

minute =
60 2
Thus,
hour -hand
r ot at es
t hr ough
360 1
in one minute.
12 60 2
Solved Examples
Ex. 75: The ratio of the radii of two circles is
2 : 5. What i s t he r ati o of t hei r
circumferences?
Soln:
We have, ratio of radii = 2 : 5. So, let the
r adii of t wo cir cles be 2r and 5r
respectively.
Let C1 and C2 be the circumference of two
circles of radii 2r and 5r respectively.
Th en ,
C1 2 2r 4r and C2 2 5r 10r
C1
4r
2
C 10 r 5
2
or, C1 : C2 = 2 : 5.
Soln:
Area of the square = 484 cm2.

Side of the square
=
484 cm = 22 cm
[ Area = (side)2
side = Area )
So, perimeter of the square = 4 (side)
= (4 22) cm = 88 cm.
Let r be the radius of the circle. Then,
Circumference of the circle = Perimeter of
the square
or, 2r 88
22
r 88
7
or, r = 14 cm
or, 2
22
2
14 2 cm2
Area of the circle = r
7
= 616 cm2
Ex. 78: The diameter of the wheel of a car is
77 cm. How many revolutions will it
make to travel 121 km.
Soln:
We have,
diameter of the wheel of the car = 77 cm
Circumference of the wheel of the car
22
77 cm = 242 cm
= d =
7
Note that in one revolution of the wheel,
529

the car travels a distance equal to the
circumference of the wheel.
Distance travelled by the car in one
revolution of the wheel = 242 cm.
Total distance travelled by the car
= 121 km = 121000 m
= 12100000 cm
Number of revolutions
12100000
= 50000
=
242
Ex. 79: The circumference of a circle exceeds

the diameter by 30 cm. Find the radius
of the circle.
Soln:
Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
Th en ,
Circumference of the circle = 2r cm
Diameter of the circle = 2r cm
It is given that the circumference of the
circle exceeds its diameter by 30 cm.
2r = 2r + 30
or, 2
or, r 2 616
or,
[ Area = r2]
22 2
r 616
7
616 7
22
or, r2 = 28 7
or, r2 = 196
2
or, r
r 196 cm = 14 cm
Hence, radius of the circle = 14 cm.
Ex. 82: A race track is in the form of a ring
whose inner circumference is 352 m,
and the outer circumference is 396 m.
Find the width of the track.
Soln:
Let the outer and inner radii of the ring
be R metres and r metres respectively.
Th en ,
22
r = 2r + 30
7
or,
44r
2r 30
7
or,
44r
2r 30
7
2R= 396 and 2r = 352
K KUNDAN
or,
44r 14r
30
7
or,
30r
30
7
7 30
cm = 7 cm
30
Ex. 80: The circumference of a circle is 44 cm.
Find its area.
Soln:
Let the radius of the circle be r cm. Then,
Circumference = 44 cm
or, 2r = 44
or, 2
r =
or, 2
22
r 44
7
44 7
cm = 7 cm
2 22
Area of the circle = r2
or, r =
22
22
72 cm2 =
7 7 cm2
=
7
= 154 cm2
Ex. 81: The area of a circle is 616 cm 2 . Find
the radius of the circle.
Soln:
Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
We have,
Area of the circle = 616 cm2
22
R 396 and
7
22
r 352
7
or, R = 396
7 1
and
22 2
7 1
22 2
or, R = 63 m and r = 56 m.
Hence, width of the track
= (R r) metres = (63 56) metres
= 7 metres.
Ex. 83: The inner circumference of a circular
track is 220 m. The track is 7 m wide
ever ywher e. C al culat e t he cost of
putting up a fence along the outer circle
at the rate of Rs 2 per metre.
r = 352
22
).
7
Let the inner and outer radii of the circular
t r ack be r met res and R metr es
respectively. Then,
Inner circumference = 220 metres
or, 2r = 220
(Use
Soln:
530
22
r = 220
7
r = 35 m
Since t he t r ack is 7 met r es wide
everywhere. Therefore,
R = Outer radius = r + 7 = (35 + 7) m
= 42 m.
Outer circumference = 2R
or, 2
Soln:
diameter is cut off. Find the area of

the remaining part.
Length of the rectangle ABCD
= AB = 20 cm
Breadth of the rectangle ABCD
= BC = 14 cm
22
42 m = 264 m.
= 2
7
Rate of fencing = Rs 2 per metre

Total cost of fencing
= (Circumference Rate)
= Rs (264 2) = Rs 528.
Ex. 84: A circular grassy plot of land, 42 m in

di am et er , has a pat h 3.5 m wi de
running round it on the outside. Find
the cost of gravelling the path at Rs 4
per square metre.
Soln:
42
m = 21m.
Radius of the plot =
2
Area of rectangle ABCD

= (20 14) cm2 = 280 cm2.
Diameter of the semi-circle
= BC = 14 cm
Radius of the semi-circle = 7 cm.
Area of the semi-circular portion cut off
from the rectangle ABCD
1
1 22
r 2
72 cm2 = 77 cm2
2
2 7
Area of the remaining part = Area of

rectangle ABCD - Area of semi-circle
= (280 - 77) cm2 = 203 cm2
Ex. 86: The circumferences of two circles are
in the ratio 2 : 3. Find the ratio of their
ar eas.
Soln:
Let r1 and r2 be the radii of two given circles
and C1 and C2 be their circumference. Then,
C1 = 2r1 and C2 = 2r2
Now, C1 : C2 = 2 : 3
=
K KUNDAN
C1
2
or, C 3
2
Radius of the plot including the path

= (21 + 3.5) m = 24.5 m.
Area of the path
= (24.5)2 (21)2 m2
= (24.5 )2 (21)2 m2
2r1
2
r1
2
or 2r 3 or r 3
2
2
Let A1 and A2 be the areas of two circles.

Th en ,
A1 = r12 and A2 = r22
A1
r12 r12
4
A
9
r22 r22
2
r1 2 r12 4
2
9
r2 3 r2
= 24.5 2124.5 21 m2
= 45 .5 3.5 m2
22
45.5 3.5 m2
=
7
= 500.5 m2
Hence, cost of gravelling the path
= Rs (500.5 4) = Rs 2002.
Ex. 85: A paper is in the form of a rectangle
ABCD in which AB = 20 cm and BC = 14
cm. A semicircular portion with BC as
A1 : A2 = 4 : 9
Hence, the areas of two given circles are
in the ratio 4 : 9.
Ex. 87: The areas of two cir cles are in the
ratio 16 : 25. Find the ratio of their
circumferences.
Soln:
Let r1 and r2 be the radii of two circles and
let their areas be A1 and A2 respectively.
Th en ,
A1 r12
and
A 2 r22
531

Now, A1 : A2 = 16 : 25
or,
or,
r12
r12
r22
r22
16
25
Soln:
[Given]
= 16 : 25
or
r1
4
r2
5
r12
r22
42
52
..... (i)
[Taking square root of both sides]

Let C1 and C 2 be the circumferences of
two circles. Then,
C1 = 2r1 and C2 = 2r2.
C1
2r1
r1
C 2r r
2
2
2
C1
4
or, C 5
2
Let ABCD be the given square each side

of which is 14 cm long. Clearly, the radius
of each circle is 7 cm.
We have:
Area of the square of side 14 cm long
= (14 14) cm2 = 196 cm2
Area of each quadrant of a circle of radius
7 cm
1
1 22
r 2
7 2 cm2
=
4
4 7
= 38.5 cm2
Area of 4 quadrants
= 4 38.5 cm2 = 154 cm2.
Hence, area of the shaded region
= Area of the square ABCD Area of 4
quadrants
= (196 154) cm2 = 42 cm2.
Ex. 90: An arc subtends an angle of 36 at the
centre of a circle of radius 3.6 cm, find
the length of the arc.
Soln:
We know that the length of an arc of a
circle of radius r is given by
.... [Using (i)]
C1 : C2 = 4 : 5
Hence, the circumf er ences of t he t wo
circles are in the ratio 4 : 5.
Ex. 88: A square park has each side of 100 m.
At each corner of the park, there is a
flower bed in the form of a quadrant
of radius 14 m as shown in the figure
giv en bel ow. Fi nd t he ar ea of t he
remaining part of the park.
22
).
7
K KUNDAN
(Take
Soln:
D
D
circumfere nce =
2r
360
360
Here, D = 36 and r = 3.6 cm
Length of the arc
Area of each quadrant of radius 14 m
1
1 22
r 2
14 14
[ r = 14]
4
4 7
2
= 154 m
Area of 4 quadrants = (4 154) m2
= 616 m2.
Area of square park having side 100 m
long = (100 100) m2 = 10,000 m2
Hence, area of the remaining part of the
park = (10000 - 616 =) 9384 m2.
Ex. 89: Four equal circles are described about
the four corners of a square so that
each touches two of t he other s as
shown in figure. Find the area of the
shaded region, each side of the square
measuring 14 cm.
=
22
36
2
3.6 cm = 2.26 cm.
=
7
360
Ex. 91: A sector is cut from a circle of radius

21 cm. The angle of the sector is 150.
Find the length of its arc and area.
Soln:
The arc length l and area A of a sector of
angle D in a circle of radius r are given
D
r and
by l =
360
D
r 2 respectively.
360
Here, r = 21 cm and D = 150
A =
22
150
2
21 cm = 55 cm
l=
7
360
150 22
212 cm 2
And, A =
360 7
1155
cm2 = 577.5 cm2
=
2
532
1
th
10
of the area of the circle. Find the angle
of the sector.
Let the radius of the circle be r cm and the
sector angle be of x. Then,
Ex. 92: The area of a sector of a circle is
Soln:
r 2 cm 2
Area of the sector =
360
and, Area of the circle = r2 cm2

It is given that:
Area of the sector =
or,
1
Area of the circle
10
x
1
r 2
r 2
360
10
or, x =
1
360
r 2
10
r 2
or, x = 36
Hence, the sector angle is of 36.
Ex. 93: A 36 sector of a circle has area 3.85
cm 2 . What is the length of the arc of
the sector?
Soln:
Let r cm be the radius of the circle. We
have, sector angle = 36 and area of the
sector = 3.85 cm2.
We have,
Area of the sector
Soln:
Let A1 and A2 be the areas of sectors OAB

and OCD respectively. Then,
A1 = Area of a sector of angle 30 in a

circle of radius 7 cm.
30 22
72 cm2
=
360 7
2
Using A 360 r
77
cm 2
6
Area of a sector of angle 30 in a circle of
radius 3.5 cm.
=
30 22
3.5 2 cm 2
=
360 7
77
1 22 7 7
cm2 =
=
cm2
12 7 2 2
24
Area of the shaded region = A1 A2
K KUNDAN
Sector angle
Area of the circle

=
360
or, 3.85 =
36 22 2
r
360 7
3.85 360 7
36 22
or, r2 = 12.25
2
or, r
77 77
77
cm2 =
4 1 cm2
=
24
6
24
77
cm2 = 9.625 cm2
8
Ex. 95: The perimeter of a sector of a circle of
radius 5.2 cm is 16.4 cm. Find the area
of the sector.
Soln:
Let OAB be the given sector. Then
Perimeter of sector OAB = 16.4 cm
=
or, r =
12.25 cm = 3.5 cm
Now,
Area of the sector
1
=
length of the arc radius
2
1
length of the arc 3.5
2
or, length of the arc
or, 3.85 =
3.85 2
cm = 2.2 cm
3. 5
Ex. 94: In the figure given below are shown
sector s of two concent ric circles of
radii 7 cm and 3.5 cm. Find the area
of the shaded region.
22
(Use
)
7
=
or, OA + OB + arc AB = 16.4 cm

or, 5.2 + 5.2 + arc AB = 16.4
or, arc AB = 6 cm
Area of sector OAB
1
=
length of the arc radius
2
= 6 5.2 cm2 = 15.6 cm2

2
533

Ex. 96: The area of an equilateral triangle is
2
Soln:
49 3 cm . Taking each angular point

as centre, a circle is described with
radius equal to half the length of the
side of the triangle as shown in figure.
Find the ar ea of the tr i angl e not
included in the circle.
Let each side of the triangle be a cm. Then,
3 2
a 49 3
4
Area = 49 3 cm2 or
3
side 2
Area
4
or, a2 = 49 4
a = 14 cm
Thus, radius of each circle is 7 cm.
Now, required area
= Area of ABC 3 (Area of a sector of
angle 60 in a circle of radius 7 cm)
Ex. 98: The minute-hand of a clock is 10 cm

long. Find the area on the face of the
clock descri bed by the minute-hand
between 9 am and 9:35 am.
Soln:
Angle described by the minute-hand in
one minute = 6.
So, angle described by the minute-hand
in 35 minutes = (6 35) = 210
Area swept by the minute-hand in 35
minutes = Area of a sector of angle 210
in a circle of radius 10 cm
210 22
10 2 cm2
=
360 7
= 183.3 cm 2
Ex. 99: The short and long hands of a clock
are 4 cm and 6 cm long respectively.
Find the sum of distances travelled by
their tips in 2 days.
22
).
7
In 2 days, the short hand will complete 4
rounds.
Dist ance mov ed by it s t ip = 4
(circumference of a circle of radius 4 cm)
(Take
Soln:
22
4 cm =
= 4 2
7
In 2 days, the long hand

rounds.
Distance moved by its
= 48 (cir cumf erence
radius 6 cm)
704
cm
7
will complete 48
K KUNDAN
60 22
7 2 cm2
= 49 3 3
360 7
= [49 3 77] cm2
= [49 1.73 77] cm2 = 7.77 cm2

Ex. 97: The length of minute-hand of a clock is
14 cm . Fi nd t he ar ea swept by the
minute-hand in one minute.
22
(Use
).
7
Soln:
Clearly, minute-hand of a clock describes
a circle of radius equal to its length ie 14
cm.
Since the minute-hand rotates through 6
in one minute, therefore, area swept by
the minute hand in one minute is the area
of a sector of angle 6 in a circle of radius
14 cm.
Hence, required area =
sector angle
r 2
360
22
6
14 2 cm2
=
360 7
1 22
14 14 cm2
=
60 7
154
2
=
cm = 10.26 cm2
15
tip
of a cir cle of
22
12672
6 cm =
= 48 2
cm
7
2
Hence, the sum of the distances moved
by the tips of two hands of the clock
704 12672
cm = 1910.57 cm
=
7
7
Ex.100: Find the area of a segment of a circle
of r adi us 21 cm i f t he ar c of t he
segment has measure 60.
Soln:
Let O be the centre of the circle and PXQ
the arc of the segment such that m(PXQ)
= 60
POQ = 60
Now,
Area of sector POQ
60 22
21 21 cm2
=
360 7
= 22 3 21 cm2
3
= 231 cm2
534
In PNO,
ON
OP
ON = sin 30 OP
1
ON =
(Hypotenuse)
2
sin 30 =
[since, sin 30 =
Since OP = OQ and POQ = 60.

Therefore, OPQ is an equilateral triangle.
Therefore,
Area of OPQ =
3
side 2
4
1
]
2
1
1
OP 6 cm = 3 cm
2
2
In OPN, we have
=
OP2 ON2 PN2

PN2 OP2 ON2
= 4 21 21 cm2
1.73 441
cm2 = 190.73 cm2
4
Area of segment PXQ
or, PN =
OP 2 PN 2
or, PN =
36 9 =
PQ = 2PN = 2 3 3 cm = 6 3 cm
= Area of sector OPQ Area of OPQ

= (231 190.73) cm2 = 40.27 cm2.
Ex.101: If the arc of a segment of a circle has
measure 120. If the radius of the circle
is 6 cm, find the area of the segment.
Soln:
Let O be the centre of the circle and PXQ
the arc of the segment such that m (PXQ)
= 120.
POQ = 120
27 cm = 3 3 cm
Area of OPQ =
=
1
PQ ON
2
1
6 3 3 cm2 9 3 cm2
2
Hence,
Area of segment PXQ = Area of sector OPQ
Area of OPQ
264
9 3 cm2
=
7
= (38.142 15.588) cm 2
K KUNDAN
= 22.554 cm 2
[ 3 1.732]
Ex.102: A horse is placed for grazing inside a

rectangular field 70 m by 52 m and is
tethered to one corner by a rope 21 m
long. On how much area can it graze?
Soln:
Shaded portion indicates the area which
the horse can graze. Clearly, shaded area
is the area of a quadrant of a circle of
radius r = 21 m.
Now, Area of sector POQ =
120
r 2
360
120 22
6 6 cm2
=
360 7
1 22
6 6 cm2
=
3 7
264
=
cm2
7
Let ONPQ. Then OPN is right angled
triangle, right angled at N and OPN =
30.
Hence, required area =
1 2
r
4
1 22
212 cm2
=
4 7
693
=
cm2 = 346.5 cm2
2
535

Ex.103: PQRS is a diameter of a circle of radius
6 cm. The lengths PQ, QR and RS are
equal. Semi-circles are drawn on PQ and
QS as diameters as shown in the figure
given below. Find the perimeter of the
shaded region.
Ex.105: Find the area of the shaded region in

the figure given below.
Soln:
Soln:
We have PS = diameter of a circle of radius

6 cm = 12 cm
12
4 cm
PQ QR RS
3
QS = QR + RS = (4 4) cm = 8 cm
Hence, required perimeter
= Arc of semi-circle of radius 6 cm + Arc
of semi-circle of radius 4 cm + Arc of semicircle of radius 2 cm
( 6 4 2) cm 12 cm
Ex.104: I n t he fi gur e gi v en bel ow, AO BC A
represents a quadrant of a circle of
radius 3.5 cm with centre O. Calculate
the area of the shaded portion.
22
(Take
).
7
Clearly, radius of the bigger semi-circle

= 14 cm
Area of the bigger semi-circles
1 2 1 22
r
142 cm2 = 308 cm2
2
2 7
Radius of each of the smaller circle
= 7 cm
Area of 2 smaller semi-circles
=
1 22
7 2 cm2 154 cm2

= 2
2 7
Hence, required area

= (308 + 154) cm2 = 462 cm2
Ex.106: ABCD is a flower bed. If OA = 21 m and
OC = 14 m, find the area of the bed.
(Take
22
).
7
K KUNDAN
Soln:
Area of quadrant AOBCA =
1 2
r
4
1 22
3.5 2
4 7
1 22 7 7 77

cm2 = 9.625 cm2
4 7 2 2
8
1
Base Height
Area of AOD =
2
1
OA OB
=
2
1
3.5 2 cm2 = 3.5 cm2
2
Hence, area of the shaded portion
= Area of quadrant Area of AOD
= (9.625 3.5) cm2 = 6.125 cm2
=
Soln:
We have OA = R = 21 m and
OC = r = 14 m.
Ar ea of the f lower bed = area of a
quadrant of a circle of radius R Area of a
quadrant of a circle of radius r
1
1
R 2 r 2 R 2 r 2
4
4
4
1 22
212 142 cm2

4 7
21 m and r 14 m
1 22

21 14 21 14 m2
4 7
1 22

35 7 m2 192 .5 m2
4 7
536
Ex.107: ABCP is a quadrant of a circle of radius

14 cm. With AC as diameter, a semicircle is drawn. Find the area of the
shaded portion.
BD = CD = 12 cm
The centr e of the inscribed circle will
coincide wit h the cent r oid of
Therefore, OD
ABC
1
AD
3
In ABD, we have
AB 2 AD 2 BD2
or, 242 AD2 122
or, AD 242 122
Soln:
In the right-angled triangle ABC,

We have AC2 = AB2 + BC2
or, AC2 = 142 + 142
36 12 12 3 cm
or, AC 2 14 2 14 2 cm
AC 14 2
7 2 cm
or,
2
2
Now, required area = Area APCQA
= area ACQA Area ACPA
= Ar ea ACQA (Ar ea ABCPA
Area of ABC)
= (Ar ea of semi-cir cle with AC as
diameter) [Area of a quadrant of
a circle with AB as radius Area of
ABC]
1 22
2 7 7 2
1 22
cm 2
2
14
14
14
2
4 7
24 1224 12
OD =
1
AD cm
3
= 12 3 4 3
3
Area of the incircle
2
22
2
4 3 cm2
= OD
7
22
48 cm2 150 .85 cm2

7
Area of the triangle ABC
K KUNDAN
1 22
1 22
2 7 49 2 4 7 14 14
2
1
cm
14 14
154 154 98 cm2 98 cm2

Ex.108: In an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm,
a circle is inscribed touching its sides.
Find the area of the remaining portion
of the triangle.
Soln:
(Take 3 1.732 ).
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle of side
24 cm, and let AD be perpendicular from
A on BC. Since the triangle is equilateral,
so D bisects BC.
3
3
side 2
24 2
4
4
= 279.4 cm 2
Area of the remaining portion of the
triangle
249.4 150.85 cm2
98.55 cm2
Ex.109: Two circles touch externally. The sum
of their areas is 130 sq cm and the
distance between their centres is 14 cm.
Find the radii of the circles.
Soln:
Note that if two circles touch externally,
the distance between their centres is equal
to the sum of their radii.
Let the radii of the two circles be r1 cm
and r2 cm respectively.
Let C1 and C2 be the centres of the given
circles. Then,
C1C2 r1 r2
or, 14 r1 r2
or, r1 r2 14
C1C2 14 cm (given)
.... (i)
It is given that the sum of the areas of two

circles is equal to 130 cm2.
537
r12 r22 130

or,
r12
Now,
r22
130
r1 r2 2
.... (ii)
r12 r22 2r1r2
or, 14 2 130 2r1r2
[Using (i) and (ii)]
or, 196 130 2r1r2

r1r2 33
Now,
r1 r2 2
1
1
1
14
14 2 7 2 7 2
2
2
2
3
49 49 196
= 98
2
2
2
... (iii)
r12 r22 2r1r2
or, r1 r2 2 130 2 33
[Using (ii) and (iii)]
or, r1 r2 2 64
r1 r2 8
Now area of shaded region

= Area of semi-circle PDR Area of semicircle PEQ Area of QFR Area of circle
with centre A
... (iv)
Solving (i) and (iv), we get

r1 =11 cm and r2 = 3 cm
Hence, radii of the two circles are 11 cm
and 3 cm.
Ex.110: In t he gi ven figur e, a semi cir cl e is
drawn with segment PR as diameter.
Q is the mid-point of segment PR, two
semicircles with segment PQ and QR as
diameters are drawn. A circle is drawn
which touches the three semicircles. If
PR = 28 cm, find the area of the shaded
region.
[ = 3.14]
196
= 49
9
22 245 22 35 770
7
9
9
9
= 85.56 cm 2.
Ex.111: Find the area of a right-angled triangle,
if the radius of its circum-cirlce is 5
cm and t he al ti t ude drawn t o the
hypotenues is 4 cm.
Soln:
We know that the circumcentre of a rightangled triangle is t he mid-point of its
hypotenues and the circum-radius is half
of the hypotenues.
=
K KUNDAN
Soln:
Let A be the centre of the circle touching

the three semicircles at points D, E and F
respectively.
Let r be the radius of the circle
Then r
r
1
PR
6
[From Geometry]
1
14
28 cm =
cm
6
3
Let ABC be the given triangle with rightangle at B. Let O be the mid-point of
hypot enues AC. Let BD be the
perpendicular from B on AC. Then,
AC = 2(OA) = 2 5 = 10 cm
[ OA=radius of the circumcirlce=5 cm]
and, BD = 4 cm (given)
Area of ABC =
1
(Base Height)
2
=
1
AC BD
2
1
(10 4) cm2
2
= 20 cm2.
538
Practice Exercise
Exercise1
(Rectangle, Square and Area of Path)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Calculate the area of a rectangle 23 metres 7

decimetres long and 14 metres 4 decimetres
8 centimetres wide.
Find the diagonal of a rectangle whose sides
are 12 metres and 5 metres.
How many metres of carpet 75 cm wide will
be required to cover the floor of a room which
is 20 metres long and 12 metres broad?
1
2
metres by 2 metres, are required to pave a
rectangular courtyard 30 metres long and
How many paving stones, each measuring 2
1
metres broad?
2
A hall room, 39 m 10 cm long and 35 m 70
cm broad, is to be paved with equal square
tiles. Find the largest tile which will exactly
fit and the number required.
A wire is in the shape of a square of side 10
cm. If the wire is rebent into a rectangle of
lengt h 12 cm, f ind t he br eadt h. W hich
encloses mor e ar ea, t he squar e or t he
rectangle?
The area of a square and a rectangle are equal.
If the side of the square is 40 cm and the
breadth of the rectangle is 25 cm, find the
length of the rectangle. Also find the perimeter
of the rectangle.
A map is drawn to a scale of 120 cm to the
km. How many square cm on the map will
represent a hectare of ground?
Find the width of a roller which traverses
128 sq km while cutting 6.4 hectares of grass.
The diagonal of a rectangular field is 15 m
and its area is 108 m2. What will be the cost
of fencing this field if the cost of fencing for
one metre is Rs 5.
A strip of paper 2.2 km long and .075 mm
t hick is rolled up into a solid cylinder .
1
Assuming the area of a circle to be 3
times
7
the square of its radius, find approximately
the radius of the circular ends of the cylinder.
A square field containing 31684 square metres
is to be enclosed with wire placed at heights
1, 2, 3 and 4 metres above the ground. What
length of the wire will be needed, if the length
required for each circuit is 5% greater than
the perimeter of the field?
The area of a rectangular field is 27000 square
metres and the ratio between its length and
16
5.
6.
breadth is 6 : 5. Find the cost of the wire

required to go four times round the field at Rs
740 per kilometre of length of the wire.
14. A rectangular park is 100 metres long and 80
metres wide. There are two paths, each 5
metr es wide, in t he middle of the par k
running one parallel to the length and the
other parallel to the width of the park. Find,
( i ) the area of the paths,
( i i) the expenditure involved in constructing
the paths at 25 paise per square metre,
and
( i ii ) the expenditure involved in laying grass
in the remaining portion of the park at
5 paise per square metre.
15. A rectangular field 150 metres long and 100
metres wide, has within it a 10 metres wide
uniform path running round it. Find,
(i) the area of the path, and
( i i) the cost of cultivating the remaining part
of the field at Rs 1.50 per square metre.
16. A school hall 20 m long and 15 m broad is
surrounded by a verandah of uniform width
K KUNDAN
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1
m. Find t he cost of f looring t he
2
verandah at Rs 2.50 per square metre.
A r oom is 8 m long and 6 m wide. It is
surrounded by a verandah. Find the width of
the verandah if it occupies 72 sq metres.
A path 2 m wide, running all around outside
a square garden occupies 204 sq metres. Find,
(i) the length of the square garden.
( i i) the area of the part of the garden enclosed
by the path.
A square carpet is spread in the centre of a
hall 9 m square leaving some margin of equal
width all around. The total cost of carpeting
at Rs 2.50 per sq m and decorating the margin
at 20 paise per sq m is Rs 163.40. Find the
width of the margin.
A rectangular field is 200 metres long and
121 metres broad. It is planted with trees in
rows perpendicular to the length, one metre
from row-to-row, and one metre from tree-totree in the same row. If the width of a metre
all-round the field remains unplanted, find
the number of trees.
A path 2 metres wide running all-round a
square garden has an area of 9680 sq metres.
Find the area of the part of the garden enclosed
by the path.
A marginal walk all-round the inside of a
of
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
539

rectangular space 37 m by 30 m occupies 570
sq metres. Find the width of the walk.
23. A garden, whose length is 22 metres, has a
path 1.5 metres wide on the two sides and at
one end. If it costs Rs 2460 to tur f t he
remainder at Rs 15 a sq metre, what is the
width of the garden?
24. In the centre of a room 10 metres square, there

is a square of turkey carpet, and the rest of
the floor is covered with oilcloth. The carpet
and the oilcloth cost respectively Rs 150 and
Rs 65 per square metre, and the total cost of
the carpet and the oilcloth is Rs 13385. Find
the width of the oilcloth border.
Exercise2
(Triangle)
1.
2.
3.
4.
The base of triangular field is 880 metres and

its height 550 metres. Find the area of the
field. Also calculate the charges for supplying
water to the field at the rate of Rs 242.50 per
sq hectometre.
The base of a triangular field is three times
its height. If the cost of cultivating the field
at Rs 1505.52 per hectare is Rs 20324.52,
find its base and height.
Find the area of 1 triangular field whose sides
are 50 metr es, 78 met res, 112 met res
respectively and also find the perpendicular
f rom the opposit e angle on the side 112
metres. If it is lent at Rs 10000 per hectare,
find the rent of the field.
X is a point on side CD of a square ABCD
such that CX = 5 cm. If area of the triangle
ADX is 43 cm2, find the length of the side of
the square.
Find the area of a triangle, one of whose angles
is 90, hypotenuse is 12.5 cm and the base is
7.5 cm.
The area of a triangle equals the area of a
square whose side is 45 m. Find the length
of the side of the triangle which is 75 m from
the opposite vertex.
7.
Find the area of an isosceles right triangle,

the length of whose each side containing the
right angle is 15 cm.
8.
The sides of an equilateral triangle is 8 cm.
Find its area and the height.
9.
From a point in the interior of an equilateral
triangle, perpendiculars drawn to the three
sides, ar e 16 cm, 20 cm and 22 cm
respectively. Find the area of the triangle.
10. A triangular park ABC has sides 120 m, 80 m
and 50 m (see figure). A gardener Dhania has
to put a fence all round it and also plant grass
inside. How much area does he need to plant?
Find the cost of fencing it with barbed wire
at the rate of Rs 20 per metre leaving a space
3 m wide for a gate on one side.
K KUNDAN
5.
6.
Exercise3
(Quadrilateral, Parallelogram, Rhombus, Trapezium and Regular Polygon)
1.
Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD in

which t he diagonal DB = 10 m and the
perpendiculars AL and CM drawn on it from
A and C are respectively 4 m and 6 m. (These
perpendiculars are called offsets).
2.
The sides of a parallelogram are 40 m and 30

m respectively and its diagonal is 50 m. Find
its area.
3.
Find the area of a quadrilateral piece of ground

ABCD in which AB = 85 metres, BC = 143
metres, CD = 165 metres, DA = 85 metres
and DB = 154 metres.
540
4.
5.
6.
The perimeter of a rhombus is 146 cm and
one of its diagonals is 55 cm. Find the other
diagonal and the area of the rhombus.
The parallel sides of a field, which is in the
shape of a trapezium, are 20 m and 41 m and
the remaining two sides are 10 m and 17 m.
Find the cost of levelling the field at the rate
of Rs 30 per sq metre.
Ratio bet ween the par allel sides of t he
t rapezium is 1: 3, while r at io bet ween
unparallel sides of the trapezium is 2:3. Ratio
between bigger parallel and unparallel sides
is 2:1. If height of the trapezium is

7.
8.
15 15
,
4
then find the area of the trapezium?

A regular hexagon of side 6 cm is inscribed
in a circle. Find the area of the region in the
circle which is outside the hexagon.
[Use = 3.14, 3 1.732 ]
The diagonals of a rhombus are 8 cm and 6
cm, find the sides and the area.
Exercise4
(Circle)
1.
2.
3.
3
m. How
4
many revolutions will it make in travelling
11 km?
The circumference of a circular garden is 1012
metres. Find the area. Outside the garden a
r oad of 3. 5 met r es widt h r uns r ound it .
Calculate the area of this road and find the
cost of gravelling the road at Rs 32 per 100 sq
metres.
A bicycle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in
moving 11 km. Find the diameter of the wheel.
A boy is cycling such that the wheels of the
cycle are making 140 revolutions per minute.
If the diameter of the wheel is 60 cm, calculate
the speed per hour with which the boy is
cycling.
The diameter of the wheel of a bus is 140 cm.
How many revolutions per minute must the
wheel make in order to keep a speed of 66
km per hour?
A copper wire, when bent in the form of a
square, encloses an area of 484 cm 2. If the
same wire is bent in the form of a circle, find
the area enclosed by it.
(Use = 22/7)
A wire is looped in the form of a circle of
radius 28 cm. It is re-bent into a square form.
Determine the length of the side of the square.
A bucket is raised from a well by means of a
rope which revolves round a wheel of diametre
75 cm. If the bucket ascends in 1 minute 12
seconds with a uniform speed of 1.3 m per
second, f ind t he number of complet e
revolutions made by the wheel in raising the
bucket.
The radius of circle is 20 cm. Three more
concentric circles are drawn inside it in such
a manner that it is divided into 4 equal parts.
Find the radius of the smallest circles?
The radius of a circular wheel is 1
10. Find the ratio of area of a square inscribed in

a semi-circle of radius r to the area of another
square inscribed in the entire circle of radius
r.
11. Find to the three places of decimals the radius
of the circle whose area is the sum of the
areas of two triangles whose sides are 35,
53, 66 and 33, 56, 65 measur ed in
centimetres.
(Take = 22/7).
12. PQRS is a diameter of a circle of radius 6 cm.
The length PQ, QR and RS are equal. Semicircles are drawn on PQ and QS as diameters
as shown in the figure below. Find the area
of the shaded region.
K KUNDAN
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
13. A square water tank has its side equal to 40

m. There are four semi-circular grassy plots
all round it. Find the cost of turfing the plots
at Rs 1.25 per sq cm.
(Use = 3.14)
14. A rectangular park is 100 m by 50 m. It is
surrounded by semi-circular flower beds all
around. Find the cost of levelling the semicircular flower beds at 60 per sq metre.
(Use = 3.14)
15. A park is in the form of a rectangle 120 100
m. At the centre of the park there is a circular
lawn. The area of the park excluding the lawn
is 8700 m 2. Find the radius of the circular
lawn.
(Use = 22/7)
541

16. In the figure given below, ABCD is a rectangle.
The radius of the semicircles drawn on AD
and BC as diameters and radius of circle drawn
in between is the same. If BC = 7 cm, find
the area of the shaded region.
17. An athletic track 14 m wide consists of two

straight sections 120 m long joining semicircular ends whose inner radius is 35 m.
Calculate the area of the shaded region.
in the figure. Find the area of the shaded

region.
[ = 22/7,
3 = 1.73]
21. In a circle of radius 21 cm an arc subtends

an angle of 60 at the centre. Find
(i) the length of the arc,
(ii) the area of the sector bounded by the arc
and
( i ii ) the area of the segment made by this arc.
2 2 . A circular swimming pool is surrounded by a
circular path which is 4 m wide. If the area
11
th part of the area of the
25
swimming pool, then find the radius of the
swimming pool (in metres).
23. If the circumference of a circle is 80 cm, then
find the side of a square inscribed in the circle.
of the path is
18. In the given figure, the centre of the circle is

A and ABCDEF is a regular hexagon of side 6
cm. Find the following:
(i) Area of segment BPF
(ii) Area of the shaded portion.
K KUNDAN
19. Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle. Sectors
with centre C and D are drawn as shown in
the figure. If AB = 21 cm, CB = 14 cm, find
the area of the shaded portion.
2 0 . An equilateral ABC has each of its sides

14 cm with each of its vertices as centres,
and radius as 7 cm, arcs are drawn as shown
24. In the figure given below, square OABC is

inscribed in a sector OPBQ. If OC = 20 cm,
find the area of the shaded region.
(use = 3.14)
542
25. In the given figure, cresent is formed by two
circles which touch at the point A. O is the
centre of the bigger circle. If CB = 9 cm and
DE = 5 cm, find t he ar ea of t he shaded
portion.
30. In a right ABC, A = 90, AB = 4 cm, AC = 3
cm. On its three sides as diameters, three
semi-circles are drawn as shown in the figure
given below. Find area of shaded parts.
31. The area of the shaded circular ring is 770

sq cm and the difference between the radii of
the two circles is 7 cm. Find the area of the
unshaded region.
26. Two circles touch internally. The sum of their
areas is 116 sq cm and the distance between
their centres is 6 cm. Find the radii of the
circle.
27. Find the area of the shaded portion of the
given diagram. Give your answer correct to
three significant figures.
32. In t he f igur e giv en below, ABC is an
equilateral triangle of side 7 cm and segment
BC is diameter of the semicircle. Find the
area of the shaded region.
( 3 = 1.732)
K KUNDAN
28. Find the area of the shaded portion in the
given figure, where the arcs are quadrants of
a circle.
33. In the given diagram AC is a diameter of a

circle with radius 5 cm. If AB = BC and CD =
8 cm, calculate area of the shaded region.
29. Find the area of the shaded portion in the

figure given below:
[use = 22/7]
34. In the figure as mentioned below, POQ and

ROS are diameters of a circle with centre O

and radius 14 cm. Find the area of shaded
region.
(use = 22/7).
35. A rectangular field is surrounded by four

semicircular flower-beds. If the length and
the breadth of the field are 6 m and 4 m
r espect iv ely, find t he cost of raising the
flower-beds at the rate of Rs 8 per m2.
(Take = 3.14)
36. The length of the side of a square is 14 cm.
Taking vertices of the square as centres, 4
circles are drawn each with a radius of 7 cm.
Find the area of the region of the square that
remains outside the region of any of t he
circles.
37. A brick, 5 cm thick (high), is placed against a
wheel to act for a stop. The horizontal distance
of the face of the brick stopping the wheel
from the point where the wheel touches the
ground is 15 cm. What is the radius of the
wheel?
38. The length of the minute-hand of a clock is
10 cm. What is the area swept by the minutehand in one minute?
(Use = 3.14)
39. A chord AB of a circle of radius 10 cm makes
a right angle at the centre of the circle. Find
the area of the major and minor segments.
(Take = 3.14).
40. A chord AB of a circle of radius 15 cm makes
an angle of 60 at the centre of the circle.
Find the area of the major and minor segment.
543
42. Find the area of the shaded region in the
given figure, where ABCD is a square of side
14 cm.
43. Find the area of the shaded region in the

given figure, where ABCD is a square of side
10 cm and semi-circle are drawn with each
side of the square as diameter.
(use = 3.14)
44. The circumference of a circle is 16.8 cm more

than its diameter. What will be the radius of
the circle?
(use = 3.14)
45. A square has been inscribed in a circle. What
will be the ratio of the areas of circle and the
square?
46. The length of sides AB, BC and CA of a ABC
are 4 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm respectively. Three
sectors of circles drawn with centres A, B, C
and each wit h one centimetr e of radius,
starting and terminating with the sides of
the triangle are cut off. Find the area of the
remaining position of the triangle.
47. In a circle of radius 28 cm, an arc subtends
an angle of 72 at the centre. Find the length
of an arc and the area of the sector so formed.
48. The radii of three concentric circles are in
the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the area
between the two inner circles to that between
the two outer circles.
K KUNDAN
(Take = 3.14, 3 = 1.732).
41. In the given figure, two circular flower beds
have been shown in two sides of a square
lawn ABCD of side 56 m. If the centre of each
circular flower bed is the point of intersection
O of the diagonals of the square lawn, find
the sum of the areas of the lawn and the
flower beds.
544
Answers and explanations

Exercise1
1.
2.
Length = 23.70 metres

Breadth = 14.48 metres
Area = (23.70 14.48) square metres
= 343.176 square metres
Length of the diagonal
=
3.
122 5 2 metres =
7.
169 metres
= 13 metres
Area of carpet = Area of the floor
= (20 12) sq metres
Width of carpet = 75 cm =
Length of carpet =
1600
= 64 cm
25
Hence, the length of rectangle is 64 cm
Perimeter of the rectangle = 2 (l + b)
= 2 (64 + 25) cm
= 178 cm
Hence, the perimeter of the rectangle is 178
cm.
1 hectare = 10000 sq m
1000 metres are represented by 120 cm.
(1000 1000) sq m are represented by
(120 120) sq m.
120 120
1 sq m is represented by
sq cm
1000 1000
10000 sq m are represented by
l =
3
metre
4
20 12
= 320 metres
3
4
8.
4.
Area of the square = (Side)2

= 40 cm 40 cm = 1600 cm2
It is given that, the area of the rectangle
= The area of the square
Area of the rectangle = 1600 cm2
Breadth of the rectangle = 25 cm
Area of the the rectangle = l b
or, 1600 = l 25
1
sq m
2
= 495 sq metres
Area of courtyard = 30 16
Area of each paving stone = 2 2 sq m

2
K KUNDAN
Number of stones required =
5.
39 m 10 cm = 3910 cm
35 m 70 cm = 3570 cm
The side of the largest square tile
= HCF of 3910 and 3570
= 170 cm
= 1 m 70 cm
3910 3570
= 483
170 170
Side of the square = 10 cm
Length of the wire = Perimeter of the square
= 4 side = (4 10 =) 40 cm
Length of the rectangle = l = 12 cm. Let b be
the breadth of the rectangle.
Perimeter of the rectangle = Length of wire
= 40 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (12 + b)
Thus, 40 = 2 (12 + b)
or, 20 = 12 + b
b = (20 12 =) 8 cm
The breadth of the rectangle = 8 cm.
Area of the square = (Side)2
= 10 cm 10 cm = 100 cm2
Area of the rectangle = l b = 12 cm 8 cm
= 96 cm2
So, the square encloses more area even though
its perimeter is the same as that of the rectangle.
Number of tiles =
6.
495
= 99
5
9.
120 120 10000
sq cm = 144 sq cm
1000 1000
128 km = 128000 m
6.4 hectare = (6.4 10000) sq m
Imagining the grass area to be 128000 m long,
and as wide as the roller, we have
1
6.4 10000
m = m = 50 cm
2
128000
10. Let the length of the rectangle be x metres
and breadth be y metres.
Width required =
Area of rectangular field = x y = 108 m2 ... (i)

Area of rectangle = length breadth
And 152 = x2 + y2
or, 225 = x2 + y2
.... (ii)
In a right-angled triangle
Hypotenuse2 = Base2 + Height 2
From equations (i) and (ii)
(x + y)2 = x2 + y2 + 2xy
= 225 + 2 108 = 441 = (21)2
or, x + y = 21
545

Now, the perimeter of the field
= 2(length + breadth)
Perimeter of field = 2(x + y)
= 2 21 = 42 metres
Cost of fencing the field = (42 5 =) Rs 210
11. By rolling up a rectangular piece of paper it
will be seen that the area of the longer edge
of the paper rolled into solid cylinder is equal
to that of the circular end of the cylinder.
2.2 km = 2.2 1000 100 cm
.075 mm = .0075 cm
1
7
= 2.2 1000 100 0.0075 sq cm
(radius)2 3
22 1000 100 75 7
sq cm
(radius) =
10 10000
22
radius = 22.91 cm (Approx.)

12. Area of the field = 31684 sq m
2
perimeter =
common area from the sum of the areas of

the two paths.
Area of the paths
= (500 + 400 25 =) 875 sq units.
( i i) The expenditure involved in constructing
the paths
25
875
875 = Rs
= Rs 218.75
100
4
(iii) Area of the park = 100 80 = 8000 sq m
Area of the remaining portion of the park
= (8000 875 =) 7125 sq m
The expenditure of laying grass in the
remaining portion of the park
= Rs
5
7125 = Rs 356.25
100
15. ( i ) Area of the field = 150 100 = 15000 sq m
Length of the inner rectangle
= {150 (10 + 10) =} 130 m
= Rs
31684 4 metres
= 178 4 metres
length of each circuit = 178 4
105
m
100
Since the wire goes round 4 times.

total length of wire required
105
4 m = 2990.4 m
100
13. Let the length be 6x m and the breadth be 5x m.
= 178 4
K KUNDAN
area = (6x 5x ) sq m = 27000 sq m
or, 30x 2 = 27000
or, x2 = 900
x = 30
Hence length = 180 m and breadth = 150 m
Length of wire required to go round the field
four times = [4 2(180 + 150)] m = 2.64 km
required cost = Rs (2.64 740)
= Rs 1953.60
14. ( i ) The area of the path HG
= (100 5 =) 500 sq m
Width of the inner rectangle

= {100 (10 + 10) =} 80 m
Area of the inner rectangle
= (130 80 =) 10400 sq m
Area of the path
= (15000 10400 =) 4600 sq m
( i i) The area of the remaining part of the field
to be cultivated = 10400 sq m
Cost of cultivating the remaining part of
3
10400 = Rs 15600
2
16. The area of the school hall ABCD
= (15 20 =) 300 sq m
The length of the rectangular region PQRS
the field = Rs
1
1
= 20 2 2 25 m
2
2
The area of the path EF

= (80 5 =) 400 sq m
Area of the shaded portion
= (5 5 =) 25 sq m
The shaded portion is common to both
the roads, so while finding the actual area
of the paths, we should subtract this
546
Area of square PQRS = (x + 4)2 sq m
(x + 4)2 = x2 + 204
or, x2 + 8x + 16 = x2 + 204
or, 8x = 204 16
The width of the rectangular region PQRS

1
1
= 15 2 2 m = 20 m
2
2
Area of the rectangular region PQRS

= (25 20 =) 500 sq m
Area of the verandah
= (500 300) sq m = 200 sq m
Cost of flooring the verandah
5
= Rs 500
2
17. Let the width of the verandah be x metres.
Area of the room ABCD = (8 6 =) 48 sq m
= Rs 200
188 47
1
23 m
8
2
2
The length of the square garden ABCD
or, x
1
m
2
( i i) Area of the part of the garden enclosed by
the path, ie, of ABCD
= 23
47 47 2209
= 552.25 sq m
=
2 4
2
19. Let the width of the margin be x m.
Area of the square hall ABCD = (9 9 =) 81 sq m
Area of the square hall PQRS = (9 2x)2 sq m
= 81 36x + 4x2 sq m
Length of PQRS = (8 + x + x) m = (8 + 2x) m

Width of PQRS = (6 + x + x) m = (6 + 2x) m
Area of PQRS = (8 + 2x) (6 + 2x) sq m
= (48 + 28x + 4x2) sq m
Area of the room + area of the verandah
= (48 + 28x + 4x2) sq m
48 72 48 28x 4x 2
or, 4x 2 28x 72
K KUNDAN
or, x 2 7x 18
or, x 2 7x 18 0
or, x 2 9x 2x 18 0
or, x (x 9) 2(x 9) 0
or, (x 9)( x 2) 0
Either x = 9 or x = 2
x cannot be 9 because width of the verandah
cannot be negative
x = 2
Width of the verandah = 2 m
18. ( i ) Let the length of the square garden ABCD
be x metres.
Area of the square garden ABCD
= (x x =) x2 sq m
Length of square PQRS
= (x 2 2)m (x 4) m
Area of the margin = 81 (81 36x + 4x2) sq m

= 81 81 + 36x 4x2 sq m
= 36x 4x2 sq m
2
Cost of the carpet = Rs 81 36x 4x
5
2
405 180 x 20 x 2
2
Cost of decorating the margin
= Rs
1
36x 4x 2
= Rs
5
5
It is given that total cost of carpeting at Rs
2.50 per sq m and decorating the margin at
20 paise per sq m is Rs 163.40.
2
= Rs 36x 4x
405 180 x 20 x 2 36 x 4x 2
163 .4
2
5
or,
2025 900 x 100 x 2 72x 8x 2 1634
10
10
or, 2025 900x 100x 2 72x 8x 2 1634

or, 92x 2 828x 391 0
or, 92x 2 46x 782x 391 0
or, 46x(2x 1) 391(2x 1) = 0
or, (46x 391) (2x 1) = 0
547

Either 46x 391 = 0
or, 2x 1 = 0
If 46x 391 = 0 then
Area of the rectangle LTBQ
9680
2420 sq metres
=
4
The width LT = 2 metres
391
23
1
8
m8 m
46
46
2
391
23
1
x
8
m8 m
46
46
2
If 2x 1 0 then x
1
m
2
But the margin cannot be 8
1
m because the
2
1
1
length 9 m is less than 8 8 = 17 m
2
2
x
1
m
2
Width of the margin =
1
m = 50 cm
2
2420
1210 metres
LQ =
2
LM = (1210 2 =) 1208 metres

Area of the square LMNP = (1208)2 sq metres
= 1459264 sq m = 1.459264 sq km
2 2 . Area of inner rectangle = (37 30 570) sq m
= 540 sq m
A little reflection will show that the difference
between the sides of the inner rectangle must
be equal to the difference between the sides
of the outer rectangle.
Hence, we must find two numbers whose
product is 540 and difference (37 30 =) 7.
Now, if two numbers be x and y, then
(a + b)2 = (a b)2 + 4ab = 49 + 4 540 = 2209
a + b = 47. But a b = 7
a = 27, b = 20
20.
37 27
5 m
the required width =
2
23.
K KUNDAN
Total length of the rectangular field in which
trees are planted = (121 2 =) 119 m
Hence, the total number of trees in a line
= (119 + 1 =) 120 trees.
Distance up to which trees are planted
= (200 2 =) 198 m
total number of lines in which trees are to
be planted = (198 + 1 =) 199 lines
total number of trees = 120 199 = 23880
Area of ABCD = (Rs 2460 Rs 15) sq m

= 164 sq metres
Now, length AB = (12 1.5 =) 20.5 metres
20.5 metres BC = 164 sq metres
8 metres
BC = 164
41
The required width = (8 + 1.5 + 1.5) metres

= 11 metres
24.
21.
Let ABCD be the garden and LMNP be the

part enclosed by the path. Produce LM, MN,
NP, PL to meet the sides of the outer square
in Q, R, S, T. The rectangles TQ, QR, RS, ST
are all equal.
Area of the square room = 10 m 10 m

= 100 sq m
Let the areas of the carpet and oilcloth be x
sq metres and y sq metres respectively.
Hence, according to the question,
x + y = 100
....(i) and
150x + 65y = 13385
or, 30x + 13y = 2677
....(ii)
548
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we have
x = 81
The area of the square carpet is 81 sq
metres.
Therefore, the carpet is 9 metres in length
and breadth. But the room is 10 metres in
length and breadth.
Hence double t he widt h of t he border is
(10 9 =) 1 metre
= 81 : 19
By the Alligation Rule, the area of the square
carpet is 81 sq metres. Therefore, the carpet
is 9 metres in length and breadth.
But room is 10 metres in length and breadth.
Hence double t he widt h of t he border is
(10 9 =) 1 metre
1
the width of the border =
metre = 5 dm
2
Alternative Method:
The area of the square room = 100 sq metres
13385
The mean cost per sq metre = Rs

100
= Rs 13.385
the width of the border =
1
metre = 5 dm
2
Exercise2
1.
Area of the field =
(s a) = (120 50 =) 70 metres
(s b) = (120 78 =) 42 metres
(s c) = (120 112 =) 8 metres
Base Height
2
880 550
sq metres
=
2
Area =
120 70 42 8 = 1680 sq m
1680 2
2 Area
metres
=
112
Base
= 30 metres
Rent per hectare = Rs 10000
440 550
sq hectometres
=
100 100
= 24.20 sq hectometres
Cost of supplying water to 1 sq hectometre
= Rs 242.50
Cost of supplying water to the whole field
= Rs 24.20 242.5 = Rs 5868.5
Perpendicular =
K KUNDAN
2.
20324 .52 27
Area of the field =

hectares
1505 .52 2
Also, area of the field =
=
1
Base Height
2
1
3
3 Height Height =
(Height)2
2
2
3
27
(Height)2 =
hectares
2
2
27 2
9 hectares
(Height)2 =
2 3
= 90000 sq metres
Height =
3.
4.
10000 1680
required rent = Rs
10000
= Rs 1680
Let ABCD be the given square and X is point
on side CD.
CX = 5 cm
90000 m = 300 m
Also, Base = 3 Height = 900 m

Here, a = 50 metres, b = 78 metres, c = 112
metres
1
(50 78 112) metres
2
1
= 240 metres = 120 metres

2
s =
Let the length of the side of square be x cm.

XD = (x 5) cm
Now, ADX is a right-angled triangle
1
(DX) (AD) = 42
2
1
(x 5) (x ) = 42
2
or, x2 5x 84 = 0
or, x2 12x + 7x 84 = 0
or,
549

or, x (x 12) + 7(x 12) = 0
or, (x 12) (x + 7) = 0
or, x = 12 because x 7
The side of square = 12 cm
Area of AOC = x 16
1
= 8x sq cm
2
5.
Let ABC be a right-angled triangle,

whose ABC = 90
Hypotenuse, AC = 12.5 cm
Base, BC = 7.5 cm
Perpendicular (AB) =
=
Area of AOB = x 20
Area of ABC
= area of BOC + area of AOC + area of AOB
AC2 BC2
1
10x sq cm
2
= (11x 8x 10 x ) sq cm = 29x sq cm
(12.5) (7.5 )
But area of equilateral ABC=

=
(12 .5 7.5) (12.5 7.5)
20 5 =
required area =
100 = 10 cm
1
Base Height
2
1
7.5 10 = 375 sq cm
2
Area of the square = (45 45 =) 2025 sq m
Area of the triangle = 2025 sq m
Height of the triangle = 75 m
Required side of the triangle
3 2
x 29 x
4
or, x
29 4
or,
116
3 2
x sq cm
4
3
x 29
4
66.97 cm
K KUNDAN
=
6.
2025 2
= 54 m
75
Area of an isosceles right triangle
1
=
(length of one of its two equal sides)2
2
=
7.
8.
1
225
= 112.5 sq cm
15 2 sq cm =
2
2
Area of an equilateral triangle =
3
side 2
4
3
8 8 sq cm
4
= 1.732 16 = 27.712 sq cm
Height of an equilateral triangle =
3
side
2
3
8 = 1.732 4 = 6.928 cm
2
Let each side of ABC be x cm.
9.
Area of BOC = x 22
1
= 11x sq cm
2
Area of ABC =
3
x2
4
= 1.732 66.972 = 1942.0 sq cm

4
10. For finding area of the park, we have
2s = 50 m + 80 m + 120 m = 250 m
250
125 m
ie s =
2
Now, (s a) = (125 120 =) 5 m

(s b) = (125 80 =) 45 m
(s c) = (125 50 =) 75 m
Therefore, area of the park
=
s (s a ) (s b ) (s c )
125 5 45 75 m2
= 375 15
Also perimeter of the park = AB + BC + CA

= 250 m
Ther ef or e, lengt h of the wire needed for
fencing
= 250 m 3 m (to be left for gate)
= 247 m
And so the cost of fencing = Rs (20 247)
= Rs 4940
550
Exercise3
1.
Here the area of the quadrilateral ABCD = the

area of the triangle ABD + the area of the
triangle BCD =
3.

= Area of triangle ADB + Area of triangle DBC.
1
1
BD AL +
BD CM
2
2
1
BD (AL + CM)
2
In triangle ADB,
ie,
The area of a quadrilateral
1
=
diagonal sum of offsets.
2
Ther ef or e, t he r equir ed ar ea of
quadrilateral
=
85 85 154
1
162 m
perimeter =
2
2
Area of the triangle ADB
t he
1
10 4 6 sq m
2
162 (162 85 ) (162 85 ) (162 154 ) sq m
162 77 77 8
= 2772 sq m
In triangle DBC,
= 10 10 50 sq m
2

= area of ABC + area of ACD
= 2 area of ABC
( Each diagonal of a parallelogram bisects it)
165 143 154

1
231 m
perimeter =
2
2
Area of the triangle DBC
K KUNDAN
2.
= 231 (231 165 ) (231 143 ) (231 154 ) sq m

= 231 66 88 77 = 10164 sq m
Area of the quadrilateral ABCD

= (2772 + 10164) sq m
= 12936 sq m
4.
Semi-perimeter (s) of ABC
50 40 30
60 m
=
2
Area of ABC =
s (s a ) (s b ) (s c )
60 (60 40 ) (60 30 ) (60 50 )
60 20 30 10
= 360000 = 600 sq m
Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2 600 sq m
= 1200 sq m
Let ABCD be the rhombus in which AC

= 55 cm
Perimeter of the rhombus = 146 cm
AB =
146
= 36.5 cm
4
and AO =
55
= 27.5 cm
2
551
BO =
6.
(36.5)2 (27.5)2 cm = 24 cm
Hence the other diagonal BD = 48 cm

1
Area of the rhombus =
AC BC
2
= 55 48
2
Let x be present in the parallel sides of the

trapezium.
parallel sides are x and 3x.
Let k be present in the non-parallel sides of
the trapezium.
Non-parallel sides are 2k and 3k.
According to the question,
3x
2
3k 1
= 1320 sq cm
5.
or, x 2k
Combining triangle AEC and BFD, we get a

triangle of base 6k 2k = 4k and two other
sides are 2k and 3k.
Semi-perimetre of combined triangle
4k 2k 3k
9k
=
2
2
Area of the triangle
Let ABCD be the trapezium such that AB||CD,

AB = 41 m, DC = 20 m, AD = 10 m and
BC = 17 m
Draw CE||DA and CF AB.
Clearly, AECD is a parallelogram
Now, EB = AB AE = AB DC
[ AE = DC]
= (41 20 =) 21 m
Also, EC = AD = 10m
Thus, in ECB, we have
EB = 21 m, EC = 10 m and BC = 17 m
Let s be the semi-perimeter of the ECB. Then
= x=
s (s 2k ) (s 3k ) (s 4k )
9k 9k
9k
9k
2k
3k
4k
2 2
2
2
K KUNDAN
=
21 10 17
24 m
s =
2
Area of ECB =
k2
4
3k 2
15
4
s (s a ) (s b ) (s c )
24 (24 21) (24 10 ) (24 17 ) sq m
24 3 14 7 = 84 sq m
Also, area of ECB =
1
15 15
k
4k
15 15
2
4
2
k
3k 2
15 15
15 =
2
4
k = 10 units
Parallel sides are 20 units and 60 units.
or,
....(ii)
84 2
CF =
= 8 m
21
Area of parallelogram AECD = Base Height
= AE CF = (20 8 =) 160 sq m
Now, area of trapezium ABCD
= (Area of parallelogram AECD) + (Area of ECB)
= (160 + 84) sq m = 244 sq m
Cost of levelling the field at the rate of Rs
30 per sq metre = Rs (30 244) = Rs 7320
953
Also area of the triangle
....(i)
1
Base Height
2
1
21 (CF)
2
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
21
CF 84
2
=
9k 5k 3k k

2 2 2 2
Area of trapezium =
1
20 60 15 15 units2
2
4
= 75 15 units2 .
7.
Each side of the hexagon inscribed in the

circle is 6 cm, the radius of the circle is 6 m.
2
Area of the circle = r
= 3.14 (6)2 = 3.14 36 = 113.04 cm2
552
Area of the hexagon =
3 3
(side) 2
2
= 2
3 3
(6)2 54 3 cm 2
2
= 54 1.732 = 93.53 cm2
Hence the area of the region of the circle
which is outside the hexagon
= 113.04 cm2 93.53 cm2 = 19.51 cm2.
We know that the diagonals of a rhombus
bisect one another at right angles. Therefore
from the given figure the area of the rhombus
ABCD = area of the triangle ABC + area of the
triangle ADC = 2 area of the triangle ABC.
8.
1
AC OB = AC OB
2
1
AC BD
OB 2 BD
2
ie, the area of a rhombus
=
1
product of its two diagonals.
2
Here, AC = 8 cm and BD = 6 cm
AO = 4 cm and BO = 3 cm
=
AB =
42 32 = 5 cm
Each side of the rhombus is 5 cm.

The required area of the rhombus
=
1
8 6 sq cm = 24 sq cm
2
Exercise4
1.
Distance to be travelled = 11 km = 11000 m
Area of the road

= area of bigger circle area of the garden.
Radius of the bigger circle
3
Radius of the wheel = 1 m
4
Circumference of the wheel
329
= 161 3 m =
m
2
K KUNDAN
22
3
1 m = 11 m
= 2
7
4
In trav elling 11 m the wheel makes 1

revolution.
In travelling 11000 m the wheel makes
2.
area of bigger circle =
= 85046
11000
1000 revolutions.
11
Area = r2, circumference = 2r

2r = 1012 metres.
area of road = 85046

= 3580
1 7
r = 1012
m = 161 m
2 22
area of the garden = r2
22
161 161 sq m
7
= 81466 sq m
=
22 329 329
sq m
7
2
2
1
sq m
2
1
81466
2
1
sq m
2
7161 32
= Rs 1145.76
2
100
Dist ance cov ered by t he wheel in one
revolution
required cost = Rs
3.
Distance moved
Number of revolutions
11
11
1000 100 cm
km
=
5000
5000
= 220 cm
Circumference of the wheel = 220 cm
Let the radius of the wheel be r cm. Then,
Circumference = 220 cm
or, 2r = 220 cm
553

22
r 220
7
or, r = 35 cm
diameter = 2r cm = (2 35) cm = 70 cm
Hence, the diameter of the wheel is 70 cm.
4.
22
r 88
7
or, r = 14 cm
Area of the circle
or, 2
or, 2
60
cm = 30 cm
2
22
2
14 2 cm2 616 cm2
= r
7
Length of the wire = circumference of the

cir cle
Radius of the wheel = r =
7.
22
30 cm = 1320 cm
= 2r 2
7
7
Distance covered in one revolution
22
28 cm
= 2
[Using C = 2r ]
7
= 176 cm
... (i)
Let the side of the square be x cm. Then,
perimeter of the square = length of the wire
or, 4x = 176
[Using (i)]
or, x = 44 cm
Hence, the length of the side of the square is
44 cm.
1320
cm
7
Distance covered in 140 revolutions
= circumference =
1320
140 cm = (1320 20) cm

=
7
26400
m
= 26400 cm =
100
264
km
= 264 m =
1000
It is given that the wheels are making 140
revolutions per minute. So, distance covered
in one minute = Distance covered in 140
revolutions
264
km
=
1000
Distance covered in one hour
8.
Radius of the wheel =
75
cm
2
Now, perimeter of the wheel = 2r
22 75 22 75
cm
= 2
7
2
7
Total time taken to pull up bucket is 1 minute

12 seconds = (60 + 12 =) 72 seconds
Distance travelled in one second = 1.3 m
Distance travelled in 72 seconds
= (1.3 72 =) 93.6 m or 9360 cm
Let number of revolutions be N.
According to the question,
Distance covered by bucket = perimeter of
wheel number of revolutions made by the
wh ee l
N (perimeter of the wheel) = 9360 cm
K KUNDAN
5.
264
60 km = 15.84 km
=
1000
Hence, t he speed wit h which t he boy is

cycling
= 15.84 km/hr
Distance covered by the wheel in one minute
66 1000 100
= 110000 cm
=
60

22
70 = 440 cm
= 2
7
Number of revolutions in one minute
6.
110000
= 250
=
440
Area of the square = 484 cm2
side of the square =
484 cm = 22 cm
[ Area (side)2 side Area ]

So, Perimeter of the square
= 4(side) = (4 22) cm = 88 cm
circumference of the circle
= Perimeter of the square
2r = 88
or, N
22 75
9360
7
9360 7
39.70
22 75
Number of complete revolutions = 39.
Area of circle = r2, where r is the radius.
or, N =
9.
2
2
Area of the biggest circle = 20 400 cm
1
400 cm2
4
= 100 cm2
Area of the smallest circle =
554
Now, if the radius of the smallest circle be r.
Now, according to the question,
2 = Area of the second triangle
r 2 100
or, r2 = 100
or, r = 10
radius of the smallest circle = 10 cm
10. Each side of the square inscribed in semicircle
= BC = OA = a
In right angle triangle OAB
s (s a ) (s b ) (s c )
77 (77 33 ) (77 56 ) (77 65 )
77 44 21 12
7 11 4 11 3 7 3 4
7 2 112 42 32
= 7 11 4 3 = 924 cm2
....(ii)
Area of the circle = Sum of the areas of two
triangles
or, r 2 1 2
or, r 2 924 924
OA2 + AB2 = OB2
22 2
r 1848
7
7
2
84 7 588
or, r 1848
22
or,
a2
r2
or, a
4
2
or,
5 2
a r2
4
or, r 588 24.249 cm
4r
5
Area of the square inscribed in semicircle
2
a
Area of such semi-circle =
4r
5
Diagonal of the square inscribed in a circle
= 2r
1
(2r )2 2r 2
Area of this square =
2
2
= a
12. For semi-circle with diameter PS,

Radius = 6 cm
1 2
r
2
1 22
396
cm2
(6)2
2 7
7
Diameter PS = 6 + 6 = 12 cm
=
K KUNDAN
Required ratio =
4r 2
2
: 2r 2 : 1
5
5
or 2 : 5
11. For the first triangle, we have

a = 35, b = 53 and c = 66
a b c 35 53 66
77 cm
2
2
= Area of the first triangle

=
s (s a ) (s b ) (s c )
77 (77 35 ) (77 53 ) (77 66 )
77 42 24 11
7 11 7 6 6 4 11
7 2 112 62 22
1 2 1 22
176
cm2
r
(4)2
2
2 7
7
For semi-circle with diameter PQ, radius
= 2 cm
Its area =
s =
1
12
4 cm
PQ = QR = RS =
3
QS = QR + RS = 8 cm
For semi-circle with diameter QS, radius
= 4 m
1 22
44
cm2
22
2 7
7
Area of shaded region
Its area =
396 176 44 264

= 37.71 cm2.
7
7
7
7
13. Diameter of each of the semi-circle = 40 m.
40
Radius, r =
2
=
= 7 11 6 2 = 924 cm2
For the second triangle, we have
a = 33, b = 56, c = 65
s =
a b c 33 56 65
77 cm
2
2
....(i)
555

Let r be the radius of circular lawn
1 2
r
2
Area of semi-circle grassy plots
Area of each semi-circle =
2
r 3300
1 2
r 2r 2
2
= 2 3.14 20 20 = 2512 sq m
Cost of turfing the plots at the rate of Rs
1.25 per sq m = Rs (1.25 2512 =) Rs 3140.
= 4
100
50 m.
14. Radius of flower beds I and II =
2
or, r2 =
or
22 2
r 3300
7
3300 7
= 150 7 = 1050
22
1050 (1050)1/2
Radius of the circular lawn = 32.40 m.
16. Area of rectangle ABCD
= Length Breadth = AB BC
= (3.5 + 7 + 3.5) 7 = 98 cm2
Area of unshaded region
r=
1 2
1
r r 2 r 2 2r 2
2
2
22
44
(3.5)2
3.5 3.5 = 77 cm2
7
7
Area of the shaded region
= Area of rectangle ABCD Area of unshaded
region
= 98 cm2 77 cm2 = 21 cm2.
17. Area of the shaded region
= 2(Area of rectangle with sides 120m and 14m)
+ 2[Area of the semi-circle with radius (35+14)
cm
ie 49 cm - Area of the semi-circle with radius
35 m]
= 2
Area of each of flower beds I and II =
1 2
r
2
1
3.14 50 50 sq m = 3925 sq m
2
Total area of flower beds I and II
= 2 3925 = 7850 sq m
Radius of each of flower beds III and IV
=
50
25 m
=
2
K KUNDAN
Area of each of flower beds III and IV =
1 2
r
2
1
3.14 25 25 sq m = 981.25 sq m
2
Total area of flower beds III and IV
= 2 981.25 sq m = 1962.62 sq m
Total area of 4 semi-circular beds
= (7850 + 1962.50) sq m = 9812.50 sq m
Cost of levelling the flower beds at the rate
60 p per sq m
=
of
1 22
(49 2 35 2 )
= 2 (120 14) + 2
2 7
= 2(1680)
22
(49 35) (49 35)
7
22
84 14 m2
= 3360
7
= (3360 + 22 84 2) m2
= (3360 + 3696) m2 = 7056 m2
18. ( i ) Area of segment BPF
= Area of sector ABPF Area of ABF
60
9812.50 = Rs 5887.50
100
15. Area of rectangular park
= 120 m 100 m = 12000 m2
= Rs
Area of the park excluding the circular lawn

= 8700 m2
Area of circular lawn
= (12000 8700) m2 = 3300 m2
Draw AK BF
BAF is an angle of regular hexagon
BAF =120
....(1)
The perpendicular from the centre of a
circle to a chord disects the chord
BK = KF
....(2)
AB = AF
(Side of a regular hexagon)
AK = AK
(common side)
556
ABK AFK (SSS congruence rule)
BAK FAK
2 0 . Area of equilateral
3
4
(side)2
Also BAK FAK BAF 120

BAK = 60
ABK is a 30 60 90 triangle
AK=
1
1
6 3
hypotenuse (AB) =
2
2
and BK
3
3
( AB )
6 3 3 cm
2
2
3
14 2 1.732 196
4
4
= 1.732 49 = 84.868 cm2
Area of three sectors
BF = 2BK = 2 3 3 6 3 cm.
Now Area of sector ABPF
=
sector angle
r 2
360
120
3.14 62 12 3.14 37.68 cm2
360
Area of ABF =
60 22
sector angle
r 2
72
= 3
360
7
120
1
BF AK
2
1
6 3 3 9 3
2
= 9 1.73 = 15.57 cm2
Area of segment BPF
= Area of sector ABPF Area of ABF
= 37.68 m2 15.57 cm2 = 22.11 cm2.
( i i) Area of shaded portion
= Area of hexagon ABCDEF area of ABF)
=
= 11 7 = 77 cm2
Area of shaded region
= Area of equilateral Area of three sectors
= (84.868 77 =) 7.868 cm2.
21. The radius of circle = 21 cm
An arc ABC subtends an angle of 60 at the
centre = OA = OB = 21 cm
1
180 60 60
2
OAB is equilateral.
OAB OBA
K KUNDAN
A
21cm
O
60
3 3
62 15 .57
=
2
= 54 3 15.57 = 54 1.73 15.57

2
= 93.42 cm 15.57 cm = 77.85 cm .

19. Radius of sector CXB = 14 cm
( i ) Length of the arc =

=
60
22
2
21 cm = 22 cm
360
7
( i i) Area of the sector =
Radius of sector DXY = 21 cm 14 cm = 7 cm

Area of sector CXB =
90 22
14 2 = 154 cm2
360 7
90 22
7 2 = 38.5 cm2
360 7
Area of rectangle = ABCD = AB BC
= 21 cm 14 cm = 294 cm2
Area of the shaded portion
= Area of rectangle Area of two sectors
= 294 (154 + 38.5) = 294 192.5
= 101.5 cm 2.
Area of sector DXY =
60
circumference
360
60
area of the circle
360
60 22
21 21 sq cm = 231 sq cm
360 7
(iii) Area of segment
= Area of sector Area of equilateral AOB
of side 21 cm
=
= 231 4 21 21 sq cm
1.732 441
sq cm
= 231
4
= (231 190.953) sq cm = 40.047 sq cm.
557

2 2 . Let the radius of the swimming pool be r m.
Width of the path = 4 m
Hence side of square

= 2a 2
Then area of the swimming pool = r2 sq m
and area of the swimming pool including the
path
= (r 4)2 sq m
24. OC = CB = 20 cm
In right-angled OCB,
OB =
2
2
(r 4) r
1 40
40
cm
20 2 202
20 2cm
11 2
r
25
It is given that the area of the path is
11
th
25
part of the area of the swimming pool.

2
2
or, r 4 r
11 2
r
25
Radius of sector OPBQ = 20 2 cm.

Area of sector OPBQ
or, 25(r 2 8r 16) 25r 2 11r 2
or, 25r 2 200r 400 25r 2 11r 2
sector angle
90
r 2
3.14 20 2
360
360
K KUNDAN
or, 11r 2 200r 400 0
r
1
3.14 800 = 628 cm2
4
Area of square OABC = {(20)2 =} 400 cm2.
Hence the area of the shaded region
= Area of sector OPBQ Area of square OABC
= 628 cm2 400 cm2 = 228 cm2.
25. Let r be the radius of inner circle and R be
the radius of outer circle
=
200 40000 17600

22
200 57600
22
200 240 440 40

40
,
20,
22
22
20
22
Since radius of the swimming pool cannot be
negative. Hence radius = 20 m.
23. Circumference of circle = 80 cm
=
40
cm
Let the side of square be 2a cm.

Since from the centre of a circle to a chord
bisects the chord,
OM = a and AM = a
Now in right-angled triangle OAM, we have
or, 2r = 80 cm
OA2 OM2 AM2

2
40
2a 2
or, ,

or, a
1 40
or r =
or r 2 a 2 a 2
1 40
or a
2
2
Then, 2R r 9
AOD ~ DOC
OD OC
OA OD
or, OD2 OA OC
...(i)
or R 5 2 R R 9
or, R 2 10R 25 R 2 9R
or R = 25
2(25 r) = 9
[using (i)]
or, 2r = 50 9
or, 2r = 41
558
r =
41
= 20.5
2
2
2
Area of shaded portion = R r
22
625 420.25
7
= [(25)2 (20.5)2] =
22
204.75 = 643.5 cm2.
7
26. Let the radii of the given circles be R and r
respectively.
Sum of their areas = 116 cm2
Total area of 4 unshaded corners

= 78.5 4 = 314 m2
Area of shaded portion
= Area of rectangle Area of 4 corners
= (728 314 =) 414 m2.
28. Required area
= Area of square 4 Area of one sector
1
2
= 14 14 4 7
4
R 2 r 2 116
or, (R 2 r 2 ) 116
or, R 2 r 116
....(i)
If O and O be the centres of the given circles,

then OO R r
1 22
49
4 7
= (196 154 =) 42 cm2.
29. Area of shaded region
= Area of a square
2(Area of a semi-circle of radius 7 cm)
= 196 4
1 22
2
7 7
= 14 2
2 7
= (196 154 =) 42 cm2.

30. In ABC, A = 90
By pythagoras theorem, we get
2
2
BC2 AB2 AC2 = (4) (3) 25
BC 25 cm = 5 cm
(Given)
R r 6
....(ii)
K KUNDAN
Now,
R r
2
R r 2 R r 2
2
or, R r 6
= 2 116 [Using (i) and (ii)]
or, R r 2 232 36 196

R r 196 14
Area of shaded portion
....(iii)
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get

2R = 20
20
R =
= 10
2
From (iii), 10 + r = 14 or r = 14 10 = 4
Hence radii of the given circles are 10 cm
and 4 cm respectively.
27. Area of rectangle = (28 26 =) 728 m2
1
1
1
22 1.5 2 2.5 2
2
2
2
1 22
4 2.25 6.25
2 7
11
137.5
12.5
19.64 cm2.
7
7
31. Let r cm be the radius of the inner circle, then
The radius of the outer circle = (r + 7) cm.
Area of the shaded region = 770 cm2
=
or, (r 7)2 r 2 770

or, (r 2 14r 49 r 2 ) 770
or,
22
14r 49 770
7
or, 2r 7 35
Area of one corner (unshaded)
1
1
314
=
= 78.5 cm2
(10)2 =
3.14 100 =
4
4
4
or, 2r 28
r = 14
Radius of outer circle = (14 + 7) cm = 21 cm.
559

Side of the square = 2 21 cm = 42 cm
The area of the unshaded region of the
square
= (42)2 770 = (1764 770) cm2 = 994 cm2.
32.
AD = 5 2 , BC = 5 2 ]
550
24 25
7
= 78.59 49 = 29.57 cm2.
34. From the given figure it can be seen that
Radius = OP = OR = OQ = OS = 14 cm
Taking the semi-circle POQS first
=
OS
Area of shaded small circle =

2
Area of the shaded region
= Ar ea of the equilater al + Area of the
semicircle
=
3
side 2 1 r 2 =
4
2
3
1 22 7
7 2

4
2 7 2
22 14 14
(OS)2
=
= 154 cm2
74
4
Now taking the semi-circle OPRQ
=
Area of the semi-circle OPRQ =
[ BC = 7 cm is the diameter of semicircle

r
7
cm ]
2
22 14 14
= 308 cm2
72
Area of triangle PRQ =
3
11 49 1.732
77
49
49
=
4
7
4
4
4
= 12.25 1.732 + 19.25
= 21.22 + 19.25 = 40.47 cm2.
33. AC = 2 radius = 2 5 cm = 10 cm.
As angle in a semi-circle is 90.
So ADC = 90 and ABC = 90
(OR)2
2
1
base height
2
1
PQ OR
2
1
14 28
2
= 196 cm2
Area of shaded region in semi-circle OPRQ
= (308 196) cm2 = 112 cm2
The area of the shaded region = Area of shaded
region in semi-circle OPQR + Area of shaded
region in POQS = (154 + 112) cm2 = 266 cm2
=
K KUNDAN
35.
By pythagoras theorem;
AD2 = AC2 CD2
= 102 82 = 100 64 = 36
AD =
36 = 6 cm
and AB2 + BC2 = AC2

or, AB2 + AB2 =100
or, 2AB2 =100
or, AB2 = 50
or, AB =
50 5 2 cm
The area of the shaded region

= area of the circle area of ADC area of
ABC
2
= r
1
1
AD CD AB BC
2
2
22
1
1
52 6 8 5 2 5 2
7
2
2
[ AD = 5 cm, CD = 8 cm
In the given figure PQRS is a rectangular field

in which SR = 6 m and PS = 4 m. We have to
find the cost of shaded portion in the given
figure. The semicircle PAS and QBR makes a
complete circle of radius
QR PS 4
=
= 2 m
2
2
2
area of circle = r2 = 3.14 4 m2
Similarly, PCQ and SDR also makes a complete
circle of radius
PQ SR 6
= 3 m
2
2
2
area of circle = r2 = 3.14 9 m2
=
560
Total area in which flower is raised
= 3.14 4 + 3.14 9 = 3.14 13 m2
total cost = (3.14 13 8 =) Rs 326.56
36.
Here, r = 10 cm and D = 6
6
157
3.14 10 10
A =
sq cm
360
30
7
sq cm
30
39. Area of the minor segment
= Area of sector OAB Area of the rightangled triangle OAB
= 5
90
1
3.14 10 10 10 10 cm2
=
2
360
Area of the square = (14 cm)2 = 196 cm2.
Area of circular part at one vertex
=
90 22
154
77 =
cm2
360 7
4
154
4
4
= 154 cm2.
Area of the region of the square that remains
outside the region of any of the circle
= (196 154) cm2 = 42 cm2.
37. In the following figure, BDEF is the brick put
to stop the wheel.
Total area of circular parts =
= (78.5 50) cm2 = 28.5 cm2

Area of the major segment
= Area of the circle Area of the minor segment
= [3.14 102 28.5] cm2
= [314 28.5] cm2 = 285.5 cm2
Note: W e know that the area of a minor
segment of angle in a circle of radius r is
given by
1

A r 2
sin
[Always Remember]
360 2
K KUNDAN
Here, r = 10, = 90
2 3.14 90
sin 90 cm2
A = (10 )
2
360
Here BD = AC = EF = 5 cm
AB = CD = 15 cm
OA = OD = r (say) [Radius of the wheel]
In the OCD; OC = OA CA = (r 5) cm
CD = 15 cm
Here, OD2 = OC2 + CD2
3.14 1
cm2
= (10)2
2
4
= [3.14 25 50] cm2

= (78.5 50)cm2 = 28.5 cm2
40. We know that the area of a minor segment of
angle in a circle of radius r is given by
or, r 2 (r 5)2 152

or, r 2 r 2 25 10r 225
or, 10r = 250
r = 25 cm
Therefore, the required radius of the wheel
= 25 cm.
38. Angle described by minute-hand in 60 minutes
= 360
Angle described by minute-hand in one
360
minute =
= 6
60
We know that the area A of a sector of angle
D, in a circle of radius r is given.
A =
D
r 2
360
2
sin
A = r
360 2
2 3.14 60
sin 60 cm2
= (15 )
2
360
3.14
3
= 225 6 4 cm2
= 225 [0.5233 0.4330] cm2

= 225 0.0903 cm2 = 20.317 cm2
561

Area of the major segment
= Area of the circle Area of the minor segment
= [3.14 (15)2 20.317] cm2
= [706.5 20.317] cm2 = 686.183 cm2
Note: We can have another method for finding
area of the minor segment. Clearly, from the
figure, triangle OAB is an equilateral triangle
with the side 15 cm.
Now, area of the minor segment
= Area of the sector OAB Area of the
triangle OAB
60
3
2
2
= 360 (15 ) 4 (15 ) cm2
3
2 3.14
= 15 6 4 cm2
Alternative Method:
Total area
= Area of sector OAB + Area of sector ODC +
Area of OAD + Area of OBC
90 22
90 22
28 56
28 56
=
360 7
360 7
1
1
56 56 56 56 sq m
4
4
= 7 56 22 22 14 14 sq m
7
= (56 72 =) 4302 sq m
42. Area of square ABCD
= (14 14) sq cm = 196 sq cm
14
7 m
Diameter of each circle =
2
= 20.317 cm 2
41. Area of the square lawn ABCD = (56 56) sq m
Let OA = OB = x metres
so, x2 + x2 = 562
or, 2x2 = 56 56
or, x2 = 28 56
Now, area of sector OAB =
7
cm
2
Radius of each circle =
22 7 7
2
sq cm
Area of one circle = r =
7 2 2
90
1
x 2 x 2
360
4
77
sq cm
2
Therefore, area of the four circles
=
1 22
28 56 sq m
=
4 7
[Putting the value of x2 = 28 56]
77
154 sq cm
= 4
2
Hence, area of the shaded region

= (196 154 =) 42 sq cm
K KUNDAN
1
Also, area of OAB = 56 56 sq m

4
(AOB = 90)
So, area of flower bed AB
43.
1
1 22
28 56 56 56 sq m
=
4
4 7
1
22
28 56
2 sq m
4
7
8
1
= 28 56 sq m
7
4
Similarly, area of the other flower bed
8
1
= 28 56 sq m
7
4
Therefore, total area
1
8 1
8
= 56 56 28 56 28 56 sq m
4
7 4
7
2 2
= 28 56 2 sq m
7 7
18
sq m = 4032 sq m
= 28 56
7
Let us mark the four unshaded regions as I,

II, III and IV as in the figure.
Area of I + Area of III
= Area of ABCD Areas of two semicircles
of each of radius 5 cm
2
= 10 10 2 5 sq cm
2
= (100 3.14 25) sq cm

= 21.5 sq cm
Similarly, Area of II + Area of IV = 21.5 sq cm
So, area of the shaded region
= Area of ABCD Area of (I + II + III + IV)
= (100 2 21.5) sq cm
= (100 43 =) 57 sq cm
562
44. Let the radius of the circle be r cm.

As per given information,
12
180
360
( Sum of all the angles of a
triangle is equal to 180)
2r 2r = 16.8
or, 2r ( 1) = 16.8
22
1 = 16.8
or, 2r
7
or, 2r
22
11
sq m
72
7
Area of the remaining portion of the triangle
11
sq cm
= 3 15
7
= (3 3.9 1.6) sq cm
= (11.7 1.6) sq cm
= 10.1 sq cm
=
15
= 16.8
7
16.8 7
= 3.92
2 15
Hence, radius of the circle = 3.92 cm
or, r =
45.
47.
Let the radius of circle be x.

2
Area of the sector AOB

2
Area of the circle = r x

A square has been inscribed in the circle.
Diagonal of square = Diameter of circle = 2x
2x
Side of square =
2
2x
2x
4x 2
2x 2
2
Sector Angle
Area of the circle
360
72 22
28 28 cm2
=
360 7
2464
cm2 = 492.8 cm2
5
Length of the arc AB
=
K KUNDAN
Its area =
2
2
Required ratio = x : 2x
22
:2
7
= 11 : 7
46.
Sector Angle
Circumference of the circle
360
22
72
2
28 cm
=
7
360
= 176 cm = 35.2 cm
5
48. Let the radii of three concentric circles be x,
2x and 3x respectively.
required ratio
Let a = 6 cm, b = 8 cm and c = 4 cm
a b c
684
Semi-perimeter(s) =
= 9 cm
2
2
Area of the triangle =
s (s a ) (s b ) (s c )
9 (9 6) (9 8) (9 4)
=
Area of sectors =
9 3 1 5 = 3 15 sq m
r 2
(Q1 Q2 Q3 )
360
Area between the two inner circles

Area between the two outer circles
(2x )2 (x )2
(3x )2 (2x )2
(4 1) x 2
(9 4) x 2
3
= 3 : 5
5

Area and Perimeter For SSC Exams

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Area and Perimeter For SSC Exams

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Chapter-30

(ii) Square Metre: The area of a region formed

Thus, 1 m2 = 10000 cm2.

We have introduced various standard units of

ABC is a right-angled triangle.

Rectangle and Square

If ABCD be a square, then

Find the area, in hectare, of a field

Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)

Side of the new square =

rectangular field at the rate of Rs

624 .75 624 .75 100

Ex. 11: The length of a rectangular field is

Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)

Clearly, the size of the tile should be a

Area of the wall = Area of 2400 tiles

[Dividing both sides by 4]

Rate of the carpet = Rs 10 per metre.

Ex. 17: The length and breadh of a playground

Let the actual length and breadth of the

Similarly, breadth of the field measured

0.90 0.90 0.81

or, lb = 200 0.81 m2

Ex. 20: A rectangular grassy lawn measuring

Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)

Area of a square at one of the corners

Area of path ABCD = (80 4) m2

Complete the rectangles ABCQ and DEFR

It is given that the total cost of laying the

Area of the field = (7x 4x) m2

Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)

Hence the area of a triangle is equal to half

( i i) Area of a Triangle when its sides are given

A figure bounded by the three sides is called a

A triangle whose all the three sides are equal is

ABC is the given triangle. Let BDEC be the

Now triangle ACF =

AC, the side opposite to the right angle, is called

Ex. 30: The area of a triangle is equal to that

Isosceles Right-angled Triangle

For an isosceles right-angled triangle, each of

Ex. 31: The base of a triangular field is three

Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)

It is given that the cost of cultivating the

Total cost 332.10

or, (35 x )2 x 2 252

or, 2x 2 70x 600 0

triangle whose area is 4 3 cm 2 .

or, x 2 35x 300 0

or, x 2 20x 15x 300 0

increases by 3 3 cm2. Find the length

or, x2 + 10x = 1200

[Using (i) and (ii)]

Ex. 38: Find the area of an isosceles triangle

Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)

s(s a )(s b )(s c )

or, 132 AD2 x 2

Ex. 43: Find the percentage increase in the area

and 2c. Let s be its semi-perimeter. Then,

Let and be the areas of the old and

or, x 2(169 x 2 ) 3600

2s(2s 2a )(2s 2b )(2s 2c )