Perdiguerra, Ivy A.

BSN-III sec.9 Group 35

Hip Fracture
A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone and is defined according
to its type and extent. Fractures occur when the bone is subjected to stress
greater that it can absorb. Fractures are caused by direct blows, crushing
forces, sudden twisting motions, and even extreme muscle contractions.
When the bone is broken, adjacent structures are also affected, resulting in
soft tissue edema, hemorrhage into the muscles and joints, joint dislocation,
ruptured tendons, severed nerves, and damaged blood vessels. Body organs
maybe injured by the force that cause the fracture or by the fracture
fragments.
There are different types of fractures and these include, complete
fracture, incomplete fracture, closed fracture, open fracture and there are
also types of fractures that may also be described according to the anatomic
placement of fragments, particularly if they are displaced or non displaced.
Such as greenstick fracture, depressed fracture, oblique fracture, avulsion,
spinal fracture, impacted fracture, transverse fracture and compression
fracture.
A comminuted fracture is one that produces several bone fragments
and a closed fracture or simple fracture is one that not cause a break in the
skin. Comminuted fracture at the Right Femoral Neck is a fracture in which
bones of the Right Femoral Neck has splintered to several fragments.
. There are two major types of hip fracture. Intracapsular fractures are
fractures of the neck of the femur, Extracapsular fracture are fractures of the
trochanteric region and of the subtrocanteric region. Fractures of the neck of
the femur may damage the vascular system that supplies blood to the head
and the neck of the femur, and the bone may die. Many older adults
experience hip fracture that student nurse need to insure recovery and to
attend their special need efficiently and effectively. True the knowledge of
this condition, a high quality of care will be provided to those people
suffering from it.
The femur, or thigh bone, is the only bone in the thigh. It is the
heaviest, strongest bone in the body. Its proximal end has a ball-like head, a
neck, and greater and lesser trochanters (separrsted anteriorly by the
intertrochanteric line and posteriorly by the intertrochanteric crest). The
trochanters, intertrochanteric crest and the gluteal tuberosity, located on the
shaft, all serve us sites for muscle attachment. The head of the femur
articulates with acetabulum of the hip bone in a deep, secure socket.
However, the neck of the femur is a common fracture site, especially in old
age.
The femur slants medially as it runs downward to joint with the leg
bones; this brings the knees in line which the body’s center of gravity. The
medial course of the femur is more noticeable in females because of the
wider female pelvis. Distally on the femur are the lateral and medial
condytes, which articulates the tibia below.