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Dr. A. P. VAJPEYI
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India
Marks
Students
3
2
1
0
1
10
11
12
Highest: 07 ( 1 student)
Lowest: 00 ( 5 students)
2
Feedback Amplifier
Feedback amplifier contains two component namely feedback circuit
and amplifier circuit.
Feedback circuit is essentially a potential divider consisting of
resistances R1 & R2
The purpose of feedback circuit is to return a fraction of the output
voltage to the input of the amplifier circuit.
feedback fraction
V2
R2
= =
V1 R1 + R2
Feedback amplifier
Feedback circuit
3
Feedback
Both negative feedback and positive feedback are used in amplifier
circuits.
Negative feedback returns part of the output to oppose the
input, whereas in positive feedback the feedback signal aids the input
signal.
If Vf = 0 (there is no feedback)
A=
Vo Vo
=
VS Vi
Vo = AVi = A(Vs V f )
Feedback amplifier
Vo = A(Vs Vo )
But
V f = Vo
Vo (1 + A) = AVs
Vo
A
Af =
=
Vs (1 + A)
Feedback
For negative feedback: A > 0 ; For positive feedback: A < 0
Gain stabilization
A
Af =
(1 + A)
dA f
A
1
(1 + A) 2
dA f
1
dA
=
Af
(1 + A) A
Bandwidth extension
Feedback topologies
Vo = A I i = A( I S I f )
I f = Vo
A( I S Vo ) = Vo
AI S = (1 + A)Vo
Af =
Vo
A
=(
)
IS
1 + A
Input Impedance :
V
Vi
Z in = i =
I S Ii + I f
I i ri
I i ri
=
=
I i + Vo ) I i + AI i
Z in =
ri
(1 + A)
Output Impedance :
Z out |VS =0 =
Vo
Io
Z out =
Vo
ro
=
I o (1 + A)
Vo AI i Vo + AVo
=
ro
ro
10
Vo = A Vi = A(VS V f )
V f = Vo
A(VS Vo ) = Vo
AVS = (1 + A)Vo
V
A
Af = o = (
)
VS
1 + A
Input Impedance :
Z in =
=
Output Impedance :
VS Vi + V f
=
IS
IS
Z out |VS =0 =
Vi + Vo Vi + AVi
=
IS
IS
Io =
Z in =
Vi (1 + A)
= ri (1 + A)
IS
Vo
Io
Vo A Vi
ro
Vi + Vo = VS = 0
Vi = Vo
Io =
Vo + A Vo
ro
Z out =
Vo
ro
=
Io 1+ A
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IS
I o = A Vi = A(VS V f )
V f = Io
AV i
+
Vi
VS
Voltage Gain :
ri
ro
V
A(VS I o ) = I o
AVS = (1 + A) I o
Af =
Vf=Io +
Io
A
=(
)
VS
1 + A
Input Impedance :
VS Vi + V f
Z in =
=
IS
IS
Feedback network
Output Impedance :
Vi + V f = VS = 0
V + A Io
Io = o
ro
Z out |VS =0 =
Z out
Vo
V A Vi
; Io = o
Io
ro
V
ro
= o =
Io 1 + A
Vi + Vo Vi + AVi
=
IS
IS
Z in =
Vi (1 + A)
= ri (1 + A)
IS
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