MEDICAL

CONSOLIDATED
POINTS
medpgnotes

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Contents
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
BODIES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
NAMED CELLS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
NAMED DEFORMITIES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
DYES..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
EPITHELIUM..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
NAMED FASCIA................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
FORMULA........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
NAMED LINES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
MARKERS........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
ODOUR ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
OSSIFICATION.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
SCIENTISTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
STAINS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28

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MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS

DRUG
Thalidomide
Apraclonidine
Brimonidine
Methyldopa
Amantidine
Pimoline
Phenylpropanolamine
Trastuzumab
Bisphosphonates
st
1 generation Bisphosphonates
nd
2 generation Bisphosphonates
Ceftazidine
Cefoperazone
Colchicine
Cotrimoxazole
Tetracycline
Aminoglycoside
Quinolones
Clarithromycin
Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol
Foscarnet
Acyclovir
Clozapine

Fluoxetine

Antipsychotics

Lithium

ADVERSE EFFECT
Phocomelia
Peripheral Neuropathy
Constipation
Lid Lag
Anterior Chamber Uveitis
Hemolytic anemia in pregnant women
Ankle edema,Livido reticularis
Hepatotoxicity
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Cardiomyopathy
Osteonecrosis of Jaw
Erosive Esophagitis
Thrombophlebitis,Nephrotoxicity
Neutropenia,Thrombocytopenia
Disulfiram Like reaction
Bloody diarrhea
Kernicterus in Fetus
Teeth & bone deformity in Fetus
Ototoxicity in Fetus
Arthropathy in Fetus
Teratogenicity
Grey baby syndrome
Aplastic anaemia
Penile Ulcer
Renal Shutdown
Nephrotoxixity
Sialorrhoea
Agranulocytosis
Orthostatic Hypotension
Myocarditis
Sexual Dysfuction
Gastrointestinal effects
Anxiety
Anticholinergic effects
Acute dystonia(7 days)
Tardive dyskinesia(3 months)
Akathisia
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Leucocytosis
Polyuria/Polydipsia
Hand tremor
Muscle weakness
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ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Chloroform
Trilene+Sodalime
Desoflurane + Baralime
Sevoflurane + Sodalime
Succinyl Choline

Mivacurium
Halothane
Methoxyflurane
Nitrous oxide
Warfarin
Vancomycin
Methicillin
Ampicillin
Procaine Penicillin
Oxacillin
Naphazelin
Carbenicillin
L-Asparaginase
Tapsoglutide (GLP 1 analogue)
Blue Vision defect
Dilutional Hyponatremia
Paroxysmal AV tachycardia with AV block
Poor Wound healing
Hand Foot Mouth syndrome
Icthyosis
Pseudolymphoma
MC Side Effect of -blocker
MC Side Effect of Naltrexone
MC Side Effect of Niacin
MC Side Effect of Digoxin
MC Side Effect of Quinidine
MC Side Effect of Lithium
MC Side Effect of Direct ECT
MC Side Effect of Modified ECT
MC Side Effect of SSRI
MC Side Effect of Cryotherapy of Ca Cervix
insitu
Common side effect after TIPPS
Important adverse effect of Chorionic Villi
Sampling

Confusion
Nausea,vomiting,diarrhea
Hepatotoxicity
Phosgene Neurotoxic
Carbon Monoxide
Compound A
Masseter spasm,Fasciculation,soreness
Hyperkalemia
Cardiac arrest
Increased ICT,IOP
Malignant Hyperthermia
Histamine Release
Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Bone marrow suppression
Megaloblastic anaemia
Agranulocytosis
Contradi Syndrome
Purple toe Syndrome
Redman Syndrome
Ototoxixity
Nephrotoxicity
Interstitial Nephritis
Diarrhoea
Seizure disorder
Hepatitis
Neutropenia
Bleeding Problem
Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis
Sildenafil
Chlorpropamide
Digoxin
Nitrogen Mustard (Vesicant)
5 - Fluorouracil
Clofazimine
Phenytoin,Pyrimidine
Fatigue
Hepatotoxicity
Flushing
Nausea & Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Tremor
Fracture T4-T8 Spine
Retrograde Amnesia
Sexual Dysfuction
Persistent Watery Discharge
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Oromandibular Limb Hypoplasia

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ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS

SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
MEDIAL (LOWER)
Inferior Ophthyalmic Vein
Sympathetic Nerves around Internal
Carotid artery

INTERMEDIATE
Nasociliary Nerve
Occulomotor Nerve
Abduscent Nerve

LATERAL (UPPER)
Lacrimal Nerve
Frontal Nerve
Trochlear Nerve
Superior ophthalmic vein
Meningeal branch of Lacrimal artery

INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

Zygomatic branch of Maxillary Nerve

Infraorbital Nerve & Vessels
Rami of Pterygoid Ganglion
Communicating vein between Inferior Ophthalmic Vein & Pterygoid Plexus of veins

INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

Bills Bar

Facial nerve
Vestibular Nerve

Superior

Nervus Intermedius
Falciform Crest
Anterior Cochlear
Vestibular Nerve
Nerve

Inferior

BETWEEN BASE OF SKULL & SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR (SINUS OF MORGAGNI)

Levator Veli Palatini

Eustachian tube
Ascending Palatine artery

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ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

BETWEEN SUPERIOR & MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR

Stylopharyngeus muscle
Glossopharyngeal Nerve

BETWEEN MIDDLE AND INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR

Internal Laryngeal Nerve

Superior Laryngeal Vessels

BETWEEN INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR AND ESOPHAGUS

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Inferior Laryngeal Vessels

OPENINGS IN DIAPHRAGM
VENACAVAL OPENING (T8)
Central tendon

ESOPHAHEAL OPENING (T10)

Muscular portion from right crus

Inferior Vena cava

Right Phrenic Nerve

Oesophagus
Gastric/vagus Nerve
Oesophageal branch of Left gastric
artery

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AORTIC OPENING (T12)

Osseoaponeurotic between Right &
Lateral Crus
Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS AND CONTENTS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

FORAMENS
Foramen Ovale

Foramen Spinosum
Foramen Lacerum

Carotid Canal
Foramen Rotundum
Pterygoid Canal
Stylomastoid Foramen
Internal Acoustic Meatus

Hypoglossal Canal

Jugular Foramen

Mastoid Canaliculus (Entry)

Tympanomastoid Fissure
(Exit)
Tympanic Canaliculus
Incisive Foramen
Greater Palatine Foramen

Mandibular Nerve
Accessory Meningeal artery
Lesser Petrosal Nerve
Emissary vein
Middle Meningeal artery
Nervus spinosus (Meningeal branch of Mandibular Nerve)
Whole Length:
Meningeal branch of Ascending Pharyngeal artery
Emissary Vein
Traversing:
Internal Carotid artery along with Plexus
Formatian of Nerve of Pterygoid canal
Internal carotid artery,Venous &Sympathetic Plexus around it
Maxillary Nerve
Vidian Nerve (Nerve of Pterygoid canal)
Vidian Artery
Facial Nerve
Posterior auricular artery
Facial Nerve
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Nervus Intermedius (Wrisberg)
Labyrinthine Vessels
Hypoglossal Nerve
Meningeal branch of Hypoglossal nerve
Meningeal branch of Ascending Pharyngeal artery
Emissary Vein
Anterior Part:
Inferior Petrosal Sinus
Middle Part:
Junction of Internal Jugular Vein & Sigmoid sinus
Emissary Vein
Occipital artery
Posterior Part:
9,10,11 Cranial Nerve
Meningeal Branch of Ascending Pharyngeal artery
Auricular branch of Vagus nerve

Tympanic branch of Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Greater Palatine Vessels
Nasopalatine Nerves
Greater Palatine Vessels
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BODIES

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Anterior palatine nerves
Middle & Posterior Palatine Nerves

Lesser Palatine Foramen

BODIES
INTRA CYTOPLASMIC EOSINOPHILIC VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES
Negri Bodies
Guarneri Bodies
Henderson Peterson Bodies

Rabies
Small Pox
Molluscum Contagiosum
INTRANUCLEAR ACIDOPHILIC VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES

CowdryType A

Herpes Simplex
Varicella Zoster
Polio
Yellow fever

Cowdry type B
Torres Bodies

INTANUCLEAR BASOPHILIC VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES

Cowdry type B
Owl Eyes

Adenovirus
Cytomegalo virus

BOTH INTRANUCLEAR AND INTRACYTOPLASMIC VIRAL INCLUSION BODIES

Warthin Finkedly Bodies

Measles

BODIES

CONDITION

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BODIES

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Hirano bodies
Halber Staedter Prowazeki Bodies
Levinthal Coles Lille Bodies
Aschoff Bodies
Asteroid Bodies
Babes-Ernst Bodies
Balbiani Bodies
Bamboo Bodies
Ferruginous Bodies
Aranitus Bodies
Highmore Bodies
Brassy Body
Call Exner Bodies
Citron Bodies
Civatte Bodies
Councilman Bodies
Coccoid X Bodies
Creola Bodies
Cystoid Bodies
Dones Bodies
Donovan Bodies
Miyagawa Bodies
Heinz Bodies
Gamma Gandy Bodies
Herring Bodies
Harting Bodies
Lewy Bodies
Mallory Bodies
Masson Bodies
Michelis Guttman Bodies
Mooser Bodies
Moot Bodies
Odland Body
Okens Body
Paschen Bodies
Reilly Bodies
Psamomma Bodies

Rokitansky Bodies
Ross Bodies
Winkler Bodies
Rushton Bodies
Sclerotic bodies
Sandstorm Bodies
Schiller Duval Bodies
Schaurmann Bodies
Asteroid Bodies
Residual Bodies
Verocay Bodies

Alzemiers Disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
Psittacosis
Rheumatic Fever
Sporotrichosis
Metachromatic Granules
Yolk Nucleus
Asbestosis
Aortic Valve Nodules
Mediastinum,Testis
Malaria
Granulosa cell Tumour
Clostridium septicum
Lichen Planus
Hepatitis B
Psittacosis
Asthma
Cotton wool Spots
Colostrum corpuscles
Lymphogranuloma Venerum
G6PD deficiency
Congestive Splenomegaly
Neurohypophysis
Calcospheritis in cerebral capillaries
Parkinsonism
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Rheumatic Pneumonia
Malakoplakia
Endemic Typhus
Multiple Myeloma
Keratinosome
Mesonephros
Small Pox
Hurler Syndrome
Papillary Ca Thyroid
Serous Cystadeno Ca Ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
Teratoma
Syphilis
Odontogenic Cyst
Chromoblastomycosis
Parathyroid
Yolk Sac tumour
Sarcoidosis
(Giant Cells)
Schwannoma (Antoni A)
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NAMED CELLS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Zebra Bodies
Walthard Bodies
Russel Bodies
Bracht Wachter Bodies

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Ovarian Cortex
Multiple myeloma
Rhinoscleroma
Infective Endocarditis

NAMED CELLS
CELL
Gitter/Hortega Cell
Clara Cells of Bronchiloe
Kulchitsky Cells
Brush Cells
Kuppfer Cells
Mikulicz Cells
Deiters cells
Pillar Cells
Hensons Cells
Haller Cell
Onodi Cell
Foam Cells
Leber cells
Gaucher cells
Bite Cells
Hurthle/Askansky Cells
Oval Cells
Satellite Cells
Limbus
Ito Cells
Paneth Cells
Dust cells
Littoral cells
Haffbauer cells
Armani-Ebstein Cell
Faggot cells
Popcorn Cells
LE Cells
Tart Cell
Clue Cells
Peg cells

CONDITION
Lipd laden Microglial cell
Surfactant Lipoprotein Production
Bronchi
Type III Alveolar Cells
Liver Macrophages
Rhinoscleroma (Granulomatous stage)
Supporting cells of Organ of Corti
Anterior Ethmoidal Cell in Orbital Floor
Posterior Ethmoidal cell related to Optic Nerve in Lateral Wall
Niemann Pick disease (Bone marrow)
Trachoma
Cerebroside Laden Cells & Crumpled Cystoplasm
Positive PAS staining
G6PD Deficiency
Hashimotos thyroiditis
Stem Cells in canal of herring of LIVER
Stem cells in Basal lamina of myotubules in Myocytes
Stem Cells in Canal of Schlemm
Stem Cells in Subendothelial space of Dizze
Stem Cells in Bottom of Crypts
Alveolar/Lung Macrophages
Spleen Macrophages
Placental Macrophages
Glycogen Accumulation in Proximal Convolute tubule in Diabetic Nephropathy
Cells with Multiple Auer Rods
M3 Type of AML
Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkins Lymphoma
Phagocytic Leucocyte engulfed denaturated Nucles of Injured Cell
Monocyte ingested Nucleus of other cell/Other cell
Bacterial Vaginosis
Fallopian tube

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NAMED DEFORMITIES

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

NAMED DEFORMITIES
Gunstock deformity (Varus)
Dinner Fork Deformity
Garden spade deformity
Z deformity
Swan Neck deformity

Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus

Colles fracture
Reverse Colles fracture
Radial deviation of wrist with ulnar deviation of fingers
Hyperextension of PIP
Flexion of DIP
Flexion of PIP
Extension of DIP
Pectus excavatum
(Funnel Shaped Chest)

Boutainneir deformity
MC Chest wall Deformity

DYES
CONDITION
Myelography, Ventriculography, DSA

DYE

Patency of Recent surgical Anastomosis

Hirschprungs Disease
Oesophageal Atresia
Dye used in IV Cholangiography
Dye used in Chromoendoscopy for detection of cancer
Contrast media for Oral Cholecystography
Indicator dye for Soda lime
Indicator in Horrocks apparatus
Areas of carcinoma oral mucosa identified by

Iopamidol
Iohexol
Myodil
Metrizamide
Gastrograffin Enema
Dianosil
Biligraffin
Methylene Blue > Toluidine Blue
Na/Ca Ioponoic acid
Ethyl Violet
Starch Iodide
2% Toluidine blue

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EPITHELIUM

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

EPITHELIUM
Simple Squamous

Keratinised Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Non Keratinised Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Simple Columnar
Columnar with Striated border
(Regularly arranged Microvilli)
Columnar with Brush border
(Irregularly Placed Microvilli)
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Secretory Columnar (Goblet cells)

Pseudostratified Columnar
Simple Cuboidal

Transitional Epithelium

Gonococci has affinity for

Example for Neuroepithelial receptor
MC Histological finding in DUB
MC origin of Ovarian tumours

Glomerulus
Descending Loop of Henle
Thin segement of Ascending Loop of Henle
Endothelium
Mesothelium
Alveoli of Lung
Epidermis
Duct of Sebaceous gland
Cornea
Vagina
Mouth,Tongue Pharynx,Tonsil,Esophagus
Mucous Membrane of Stomach & Large Intestine
Cervical Canal
Small Intestine
Gall Bladder
Respiratory Epithelium (Pseudostratified)
Central Canal of Spinal cord
Ventricles of Brain
Uterus,Fallopian tube
Efferent ductile of Testis
Auditory tube & Parts of middle ear
Stomach,Intestine
Trachea,Bronchi
Olfactory Epithelium
Membranous & Penile urethra
Ductus deferens
PCT
DCT
Collecting Duct
Thick segment of Ascending loop of Henle
Ducts of Glands eg.Bartholins duct
Follicles of thyroid gland
Germinal Epithelium
Choroid Plexus
Inner Surface of Lens
Pigmented Layer of Retina
Urothelium:
Renal Pelvis
Calyces
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Part of Urethra
Columnar Epithelium
Sensory neurons of Olfactory epithelium
Normal Secretory Epithelium
nd
2 Hyperplastic Endometrium
Surface epithelium

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NAMED FASCIA

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

NAMED FASCIA
FASCIA
Camper Fascia
Scarpa Fascia
Colles Fascia
Gallaudet Fascia
Dartos Fascia
Bucks Fascia
Fibrous Capsule of Parotid
Axillary Sheath
Buccopharyngeal Fascia
Fascia Lata
Crural Fascia
Fascia Gerota
Fascia of Zuckerkandl
Conal Fascia

LOCATION
Superficai Fatty Layer of Superficial Fascia of Anterior Abdominal Wall
Deep Membranous Layer of Superficial Fascia of Anterior Abdominal
Wall
Deep Membranous layer of Superficial Perineal Fascia
Investing layer of Deep Perineal Fascia
Superficial Penile Fascia (Fundiform Ligament)
Scrotal fascia
Deep Penile Fascia (Suspensory Ligament)
Superficial Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Prevertebral Fascia
Pretracheal Fascia
Deep Fascia of Thigh
Deep Fascia of Leg
Anterior Perirenal Fascia
Posterior Perirenal Fascia
Lateral Perirenal Fascia

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FORMULA

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

FORMULA
Relative Risk =

Incidence among Exposed

Incidence among Non Exposed

Proportional Mortality Rate = Number of deaths due to a particular cause per 100 or 1000 of total deaths
Case Fatality Rate = 1- Survival Rate

Annual Growth Rate = Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate

Prevalence = Incidence * Mean duration of disease
Likelihood Ratio Positive =
Likelihood Ratio Negative =

Sensitivity
1

1 Sensitivity

Post Test Odds = Pretest Odds * Likelihood Ratio

Combined SENSITIVITY of two tests in SERIES = Sensitivity A * Sensitivity B
Combined SPECIFICITY of two tests in PARALLEL = Specificity A * Specificity B
Combined SENSITIVITY of 2 tests in PARALLEL={Sensitivity A + SensitivityB} {Sensitivity A *SensitivityB}
Combined SPECIFICITY of 2 tests in SERIES = {Specificity A + Specificity B}-{Specificity A * Specificity B}
Body Mass Index =
Pondreal Index =

Weight in Kg
(Height in cm)

Height in cm

Body Weight in Kg

Broca Index,Ideal Body Weight = Height in cm 100

Lorentz Formula = Height in cm 100

Corpulence Index =
Dependency Ratio =

Actual Weight
Desirable Weight

Height in cm 150
2(women)or 4 (men)

(Population < 15 years) + (Population > 65 years)

Population 15 65 years

Net Protein Utilisation =

Protein

Biological Value Digestibility

100

Ratio =

Weight gain in gram

Gram of protein consumed

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FORMULA

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Child Survival Rate =

1000 Under 5 Mortality Rate

10

Standard Deviation = Variance

Standard Devaition =
Standard Error of Mean =

(x X)
n

Standard Deviation
n

Standard Error of Difference between Mean =

Standard Error of Population =

q=(1-p)

pq
n

Standard Error of Difference between Proportion =

Z Score =
First Skewness
Second skewness

(Individual Level Mean)

Standard deviation
(Pearson Mode) =

Probability
(1 Probability)

Probability =

p1q1
p2q2
+
n1
n2

(Mean Mode)
Standard Deviation

(Pearson Median) =
Odds =

1
2
+
n1
n2

3(Mean Median)
Standard Deviation

Odds
(1 Odds)

Degree of Freedom = (C 1)(R 1)

Power = 1

Volume of Distribution =

Level = 1

Dose administered iv
Plasma Concentrartion (Co)

Renal Clearance =

uv
p

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FORMULA

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Half Life =
Therapeutic Index =

0.0693 Vd
Clearance

Median Lethal Dose

Median Effective Dose

Quantity of Alcohol in Blood a = CPr

Quantity of Alcohol in Urine a =

3
QPr
4

(a=Weight of Alcohol in grams,C=Concentration of Alcohol in blood,P=Bodyweight in Kg,q=Concentration of

Alcohol in Urine,r=0.68 in men,r=0.5 in women)
Plasma Osmolality = 2 [Na] +

Glucose BUN
+
18
2.8

Effective Osmolality = 2 [Na] +

GFR in Children =
Vo =

Glucose
18

k Height in cm
Plasma creatinine

Vmax[S]
Km + [S]

Formula for estimation of Total Iron Requirement = 4.4 Body Weight Hb

Formula to calculate dose of Iron = 0.3 Wt in Lb Percentage of Hb

Alveolar Ventilation = (Tidal Volume Dead Spce Volume) Respiratory Rate

PAO2 = FiO2 (PB PH2O)

PaCO2
R

Parkland Formula,Fluid Required in first 24 hours =4*Weight*Percentage of body surface burned

of Variation =
Attributable Risk =

Standard Deviation
100
Mean

Incidence among Exposed Incidence among Non Exposed

100
Incidence among exposed
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FORMULA

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Population Attributable risk =

(New cases + Old cases)in a year

100
Total Population

Prevalence =

Death Rate =
Case Fatality Rate =
Survival rate =

No of Deaths from a
cause in a year
100
Mid Year Population

Total no of Deaths due to a disease

100
Total no of cases of disease

Total no of patients live after 5 years

100
Total no of patients diagnosed or treated

Standardised Mortality Ratio =

Attack Rate =

Observed deaths
100
Expected Deaths

No of New cases of
disease in a
time interval
100
Total Population at risk during same interval

Second Attack rate =

Sensitivity =

Incidence among total Incidence among Non Exposed

100
Incidence among Total

No of Exposed persons developing disease within range of Incubation Period

100
Total No of exposed susceptible contact

True Positive (a)

100
True Positive (a) + False Negative(c)

True Negative(d)
100
True Negative(d) + False Positive(b)

Positive Predictive Value =

Negative Predictive value =

True Positive(a)
100
True Positive(a) + False Positive(b)

True Negative(d)
100
True Negative(d) + False Negative(c)
BAYERS THEOREM

Positive predictive Value =

Post Test Probability =

Sensitivity Prevalence
100
(Sensitivity Prevalence) + (1
)(1 Prevalence)

Container Index =
House Index =

Pretest Probability
100
Pretest Probability) + (1 Specicity)(1 Pretest Probability)

No of Containers showing breeding of Aedes Larva

100
No of Containers surveyed

No of houses showing breeding of Aedes Larva

100
No of Houses surveyed
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FORMULA

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

No of Containers showing breeding of Aedes Larva
100
No of Houses surveyed

Berteau Index =

Annual Blood
Slide

Rate =

Rate =

No of Slides examined

100

No of Blood smears
for parasite
100
No of Blood Smears examined

Growth Ratio = Growth Rate * 100 %

Couple

Rate =

Total no of Couples protected by one of 4 methods

100
Total no of Eligible couple in Community

Protein Energy

Net Protein

Energy from Protein

100
Total Energy from Diet

Nitrogen Retained by the body

100
Nitrogen Intake

Biological Value =
Aminoacid Score =

Retained N2
100
Absorbed N2

No of mg of one aminoacid per gm of Protein

100
No of mg of same aminoacid per gm of egg Protein

Intelligent

Infant Mortality Rate =

Sex
Crude Birth Rate =
Crude Death Rate =

Child Death Rate =

No of Infants death
1000
No of Live Births

No of Females
1000
No of Males

Total no of births in a area in a year

1000
Total Mid Year

Total no of deaths in a area in year

1000
Total Mid Year

Annual Parasite Incidence =

Under 5 Mortality Rate =

Mental Age
100
Chronological Age

Conrmed cases during one year

1000
Under Surveillance

No of deaths in children < 5 years of age

1000
No of Live Births in a year

No of deaths of children 1 4 years

1000
Mid Year
of Children 1 4 years

Post Neonatal Mortality Rate =

No of Deaths between 28 days to 1 year

1000
Total No of Live Births

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FORMULA

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Perinatal Mortality Rate =

Late Fetal deaths & Early Neonatal deaths in a year

1000
Total No of live Births

Pearl Index =
Pearl Index =

Total Accidental Pregnancy

1200
Total Months of Exposure

Total Accidental Pregnancy

1300
Total no of Menstrual cycles

Maternal Mortality Rate =

No of Maternal deaths
10000
No of Live Births

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NAMED LINES

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

NAMED LINES
LINE

CONDITION
Eversion of margin of incised wound if across axis of
limb
Arsenic Poisoning (White transverse line)
Blue line in gums in Lead Poisoning
Also seen in Mercury,Copper,Silver,Bismuth,Iron
Poisoning.
Developmental lines,NOT dermatome,DIFFERENT from
nervous,vascular,lymphatics
Keratoconus
Trachoma
Pterygium

Langers Line
Aldrich Mees Line
Burtonian Line
Blaschko Lines
Vogt line
Arlt Line
Stockers line

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
Anterior Half of Nasal septum
rd
Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
Posterior Half of Nasal septum
Pharynx
rd
Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
Tip of Tongue
Parotid
Thyroid
Ovary
Fallopian tube
Fundus & Upper part of Ovary
Glans Penis
Clitoris
Penile Urethra
Rest of penis
Isthumus of Fallopian tube

Submandibular Node

Lower Part of Uterus

Membranous Urethra
Prostatic Urethra
Female Urethra

External iliac Node

Retropharyngeal Node
Deep Cervical Node
Juguloomohyoid node
Submental node
Deep Cervical node
Lateral Aortic node
Pre Aortic node
Para Aortic node
Deep Inguinal node of Cloquet
Superficial inguinal Node

Internal Iliac Node

Cervix
Testis
Sentinel node of Gall bladder
Terminal group of Lymph nodes of colon
Lymphatic supply below Pectineal Line
Metastasis from Ca buccal mucosa to
Lymphnodes which can be palpated PR when enlarged
MC Site of Lymph Node Enlargement in Hodgkins
Lymphoma

External Iliac Node

Internal Iliac Node
Sacral Node
Preaortic Node
Para Aortic Node
Lymph node of Lund
Pre aortic
Superficial Inguinal
Submandibular Lymph nodes
Internal Iliac nodes
Mediastinal

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MARKERS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Upper vagina Nodes
Lower Vagina Nodes

Pelvic
Inguinal

Lymphatics are absent in

Lymphatics directly into blood stream
Largest Lymphatic vessel

Brain, Choroid & Internal ear

Thyroid
Thoracic duct

MARKERS
Plasma Membrane

ORGANELLE

MARKER

Na+-K+ ATPase
5-Nucleotidase
Adenyl Cyclase
Lactate Dehydrogenase
Glutmate Dehydrogenase
Glucose 6 Phosphatase
Galactosyl Transferase
Acid Phosphatase
Catalase
Uric acid oxidase

Cytosol
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Lysosome
Peroxisome

Surrogate marker for screening of coronary plaques on

CT scan
Traditional Marker for HBV Replication
Earliest viral marker to appear in blood
Earliest marker of acute Hepatitis B
Diagnostic marker of acute Hepatitis B
Best marker to differentiate benign & malignant
Mesothelioma
Predictive marker for Type I Diabetes
Marker for Ewings sarcoma
Vaccine Vial monitor is a marker of
Marker for Granulosa cell tumour
Marker of renal vasculitis in children
PLAP is a marker of
Marker of Pagets disease of Mammary gland

Calcium deposition
HBV DNA Polymerase
P24
HbsAg
IgM anti Hbc
P53
Islet cell antibodies
P30/p32 product of mic-2 gene
Potency/Efficacy
Inhibin
Increased IgA level
Seminoma
CEA

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ODOUR

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

ODOUR
Sweaty feet Urine Odour
Musty Urine Odour
Cabbage like Urine Odour
Hops like Urine Odour
Maple Syrup Burnt sugar Urine Odour
Swimming pool Odour
Tom cat Urine Odour
Rotting fish Urine Odour
Garlic Odour
Bitter almond Odour
Fruity odour/
Nail polish Remover Odour
Musty Sweet odour/
Foetur Hepaticus
Rotten Egg Odour
Fishy Odour

Glutaric Acidemia
Isovaleric Acidemia
Phenyl Ketonuria
Tyrosinemia
Methionine Malabsorption
Oast House Urine Disease
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Hawkinsuria
Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency
Trimethyaminuria
Arsenic
Phosphorus
Aluminium Phosphide(Celphos){garlic like}
Hydrocyanic Acid
Ketoacidosis
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Hydrogen Sulphide
Red degeneration of Fibroid

OSSIFICATION
Hyoid
Thyroid & Cricoid
Ossification of Arytenoid

2 years
Early 20s
Late 30s

First Ossification Centre at elbow

Capitulum
(2 years)
Clavicle

First bone to start Ossify

Only long bone which ossify in membrane
th

Ossification centre at 5 month

th

Ossification centre at 7 month

th
Ossification centre at 9 month

Manubrium sterni
Calcaneum
Centre of Talus
Lower end of femur

RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS
Geographical lytic skull
Multiple Punched Out Lesions
Erosion of Dorsum Sella

Eosinophilic granuloma
Multiple Myeloma
Raised ICT
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RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Silver Beaten appearance of vault
Hair on end Skull
Sunray Calcification with spicules
Calcification of Intervertebral disc
Picture Frame vertebra
Fish Mouth Vertebra
Cod Fish Vertebra
Rugger Jersy Spine
Enlargement of Epiphysis
Widened Physis
Cupped & Frayed Metaphysis
Epiphyseal Dysgenesis
Fragmented/Punctate Epiphysis
Trident Hand
Champagne Glass Pelvis
Bone in Bone Appearance
Scotty Dog wearing a collar Sign
Beheaded Scotty Dog Sign
Driven Snow Appearance
Sunray Appearance
Codman Triangle
Onion Peel appearance
Soap Bubble Appearance
Spickled/Mottling/Patchy Calcification
Wormian Bone
Trethowan Sign
Honey Comb Appearance
Pop corn Calcification
Pop corn Calcification in Mammography
Rice Grain Calcification
Tram Track/Rail Road Calcification
Basal Ganglia Calcification
Cardiac Calcification
Pericardial Calcification
Square root sign
Egg in cup appearance
Docks sign
(Inferior Rib Notching)
3 Sign
E Sign
Jug Handle Appearance
Maladie de Roger Defect
Great Hilar Dance(Pulmonary Plethora)
On Fluoroscopy

Thalassemia
Sickle Cell Anaemia
Meningioma
Alkaptonuria
Pagets Disease
Sickle cell anaemia
Homocystinuria
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Osteodystrophy
Osteopetrosis
Juvenile Chronic Arthritis
Rickets
Hypothyroidism
Achondroplasia
Osteopetrosis
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Pindborg Tumor
(Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor)
Osteosarcoma
Ewings Sarcoma
Osteoclastoma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Adamantinoma
Pulmonary Hamartoma
Fibroadenoma
Cysticercosis
Sturge Weber Syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
Carcinoid Syndrome
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
Constrictive Pericarditis
Coarctation of Aorta

Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

Small VSD
ASD

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RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Great Box Shaped Heart
Money Bag/Water Bottle/Pear Shaped Heart
Boot Shaped Heart
Tubular Heart
Snowman Sign
Figure of 8 sign
Cottage Leaf Sign
Double Contour
Groundglass Appearance
Edematous Septal line A>B
Wimberger Sign
Frenkel Line
Trummerfield Zone
Pelkar Spur
Sub Periosteal Hematoma
Dense Metaphyseal Band

Narrow Pedicle
Pulmonary Plethora
Egg on Side/Egg on String appearance
Long Smooth curve to left border
Thumb Print Sign
Lateral Cervical spine X ray
Single Bubble Sign
Double Bubble Sign
Multiple Air Fluid Levels
String Sign
Bulls Eye Lesion
Target Lesion
String Sign of Kantor
Comb Sign(Prominent Vasa Recta)
Lead Pipe Appearance
Pseudopolyp
Backwash Ileitis
Frothy/Soap Bubble Apple Sauce appearance
Medusa Head Colonies on CT Scan
Claw Appearance
Coiled Spring Appearance
Saw tooth Appearance
On Barium Enema
Coffee Bean sign
Fixed Bowel/Persistent Loop Sign
Bowel Wall Thickening
Thumb Printing
Pneumatosis Intestinalis
Thumb Printing

Tricuspid Atresia
Pericardial Effusion
Tetrology of Fallot
Emphysema
TAPVC
(Supracardiac)
TAPVC
(Infradiaphragmatic/Obstructive)
Scurvy

Hypothyroisism
Osteoporosis
Hypervitaminosis D
Lead Poisoning
Uncorrected TGA
(D loop Transposition)
Physiologically Corrected TGA
(L loop Transposition)
Epiglottitis
Pyloric Obstruction/Stenosis
Ladd Bands/Malrotation
Annular Pancreas/Pseudocyst Pancreas/
Duodenal atresia
Jejunal Atresia
Ileal Atresia
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Crohns disease

Ulcerative Colitis
Meconium Ileus
Round worm
Intusussception
Diverticulosis Colon
Sigmoid Volvolus
Necrotising enterocolitis

Ischemic Colitis
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RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Seagull/Mercedes Benz/Crow foot sign
Meniscus sign
Colon Cut off Sign
Chain of Lake appearance
(ERCP)
Dilated Duodenal c Loop
Mucosal Irregularity
Central Dot Sign
Beaded appearance
Pruned Tree appearance
Skip Lesions
Sunburst/Stellate pattern of Calcification
Central Fibrotic Scar
Multicystic Mass Bunch of Grape Appearance
Dilated Pancreatic Duct
Rim/Crescent Sign
Soap Bubble Appearance
Flower Vase appearance of Ureter
Drooping Flower Appearance
Cobra Head/Adder Head Appearance
Thimble Bladder
Sandy Patches
Fish Hook Bladder
Bilateral Spider Leg Appearance
Egg in Cup Appearance
Ring Shadow/Ring Sign
Lobster Claw sign
Calyceal Horn
Diminished Density of contrast in Nephrogram
Antral Sign (Holman Miller Sign)
(Anterior Bowing of Posterior Wall of Maxilla)
Phelp Sign
Pad Sign(Widened loop of duodenum in Barium meal)
Candle dripping Appearance
Inverted T sign
Expansion & Ballooning of Sella
Expansion & Erosion of Internal Acoustic Meatus
Popcorn in appearance/Mulberry Shaped Lesion
Empty Orbit
Widening of Neural foramina
Diffuse thickening of gall bladder with high amplitude
reflection & Comet tail Artifact
Round Atelectasis (Folded lung)
Comet Tail Sign
Vacuum Cleaner Sign
Smooth Oblique Indentation on Posterior wall of
Barium filled Esophagus
Saccular aneurysm with Pencil thin dystrophic
Calcification in ascending aorta
Gasless Abdomen
Solitary Hypoechoic Lesion with out Septa/Debris

Radioluscent Gall Stone with Gas

Impacted Stone in CBD
Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Carcinoma pancreas
Carolis Disease
Primary sclerosing Cholangitis
Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Hydronephrosis
Horse Shoe Kidney
Ectopic Ureter
Ureterocele
Tuberculosis Bladder
Schistosomiasis of Bladder
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Polycystic Kidney
Papillary Necrosis/Anlagesic Nephropathy

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Glomus Jugulare
Ca Head of Pancreas
Supependymal Giant cell Astrocytoma
Carcinoma Head of Pancreas
Pituitary Adenoma
Acoustic Neuroma
Cavernous Angioma
Neurofibromatosis Type I
Adenomyomatosis of Gall bladder
Atelectasis Asbestos Pseudotumour
Aberrant Right Subclavian artery
Syphilitic aortitis
Acute Pancreatitis
Simple Cyst

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25

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Hyperechoic Hypervascular Hepatic Metastasis on USG
Air in Biliary Tract
Menisceal Cartilage Calcification
Bone in Bone appearance
Beaded Ribs
Adrenal & ear pinna Calcification
Intracerebral Punctate calcification
Axial Osteoporosis
Rotting Fence Appearance
Biconvex/Lens shaped Hyperdense
Concavoconvex/Crescent shaped Hyperdense
Smooth Tapering in X-Ray Cholangiography

Colorectal Carcinoma
(Mucinous Adenocarcinoma)
Emphysematous Cholecystitis
Pseudogout
Gaucher disease
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Addisons Disease
Hypoparathyroidism
Cushings Syndrome
CRF (Due to combination of Rickets &
Hyperparathyroidism)
EDH
SDH
Benign Stricture of CBD

SCIENTISTS
DNA Finger Printing
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Boyles Machine
Laryngeal Mask Airway
Helium
Capnography
Xenon
Nitrous oxide
First Gastrectomy
First Autologous Renal Transplantation
First Heart Transplantation
First Liver Transplantation
First Neurosurgery in India
Phenomenon of Disease without books is like sail an
Uncharted Sea
Skin is the Best Dressing
Catgut
Father of Safe Surgery
First Emergency Blood Transfusion
One of the first Operations on Gallstones
Radical Mastectomy
Invention of Gloves
Published Inguinal Hernia Repair at same time as Bassini
Father of Homeopathy
Germ theory of Disease
Multifactorial Causation of Disease
Vaccine Coined by
Vaccination Coined by

Alec J.Jeffrey
Kary Mullis
Edmund Gaskin Boyle (1917)
Archies Brain
Sir W.Ramsey
Luft
William Ramsey (1904)
Used as Anaesthetic 1950
Priestly
Billroth
Hardy
Christian Bernard (1967)
Starzl
Jacob Chandy
Sir William Osler
Joseph Lister
John Hunter
William Stewart Halsted

Samuel Hahnermann
Louis Pasteur
Patten Koffer
Louis Pasteur (Rabies & Chicken pox vaccine)
Edward Jenner

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SCIENTISTS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

First Small Pox Vaccine
First Polio Vaccine
Penicillin
Growth Chart
Blood group types
Citrus fruits in prevention of surgery
Transmission of Yellow fever
Life cycle of Plasmodium
Spontaneous generator theory
The Canon of medicine Book
Antiseptic Principle of Practice of surgery
Air,Water & Places
Father of Medicine
First true Epidemiologist
Father of Indian Surgery
Father of Epidemiology /Modern epidemiology
Father of Public Health
Father of Indian Medicine
Father of Bacteriology
Father of Genetics
Father of Modern anatomy
DDT Synthesised by
DDT Insecticide Property by
Female Condoms
Social Security
Life cycle of Plasmodium
Discoveries in TB
Immunity
ECG
Insulin
Human Blood group
Streptomycin (First Antibiotic against TB)
Interpretation of Genetic code
MRI
Organ & Cell Transplantation
HIV
Invitro fertilization
Father of Emergency Medicine
Father of Gynaecology
Father of Medical Genetics
Father of Modern Psychology
Father of Pediatrics
Father of Physiology
Father of Modern Pathology
Isolation of Helium & Xenon
Nitrous oxide
Capnography
Laryngeal Mask airway
Nerve terminals release chemicals discovered by

Edward Jenner
Salk
Alexander Flemming
David Morley
Karl Landsteiner
James Lind
Walter Reed
Ronald Ross
Aristotle
Aricenna
Joseph Lister
Hippocrates
Hippocrates
Hippocrates
Sushruta
John Snow
CHOLERA
Charaka
Louis Pasteur
Gregor Mendel
Versalius
Othmar Zeidler
Paul H Muller (!939 Nobel)
Danish MD Lasse Hessel
Bismarck (Germany)
Sir Ronald Ross
Robert Koch
Paul Ehrlich
William Einthoven
FG Banting & JJR McLeod
Karl Landsteiner
S.A.Waksman
Har Gobind Khurana
Sir.Peter Mansfield
J.E.Murray & E.D.thomas
Sinnossi & Montagnai
Robert G Edwards
Peter Safar
Frank Pantridge
Marion sims
Victor McKusick
Wilhelm Wundt
Muhammad ibn Zakariya Razi
Claude Bernard
Rudolf Virchow
Ramsey
Priestly
Luft
Brain
Loewi

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SCIENTISTS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Nobel Price for sequencing insulin aminoacids

Sanger

RESEARCHERS IN PSYCHIATRY
CONTRIBUTION
Father of Behaviourism
Father of Modern Psychiatry
Father of Psychosomatic Medicine
Father of Behaviourism
Coined Psychiatry
Coined Psychology
Coined Schizophrenia
Demonstration of Schizophrenia
Demonstration of Maniac Depressive Disorder
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Heberphrenic Schizophrenia
Akinetic Mutism
Psychoanalysis
Childhood Intellectual Development
Childhood Autistic Disorder
Introvert & Extrovert
Superior and Inferior Complexes
Therapeutic Community
Psychaesthenia
Drugs in Psychiatry
Operant Conditioning
Ego Defence Mechanisms
Cocaine
8 Stages of Life
Intelligent Score(Weischlers Scale)
Hypnosis
Cognitive Therapy of Depression

RESEARCHER
Johann Weyer
Emil Kraeplin
Franz Alexander
John B Watson
Johann Christian Reil
Gockel
Eugene Bleuler
Emil Kraeplin (Dementia Precox)
Emil Kraeplin
Kalbaum Karl
Hecker Ewald
Cairn
Sigmund Freud
Jian Paget
Leo Kanner
Carl Jastav Jung
Alfred Adler
Jones Maxwell
Pierre Janet
Emil Kraeplin
Skinner
Anna Freud
Carl Koler
Erik Erikson
Alfred Binet
James Braid
Aarnon Beck

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STAINS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

STAINS
Normal Tissue Stain

Eosin & Hematoxylin

Carbohydrate

Periodic Acid Schiff

Lipid

Sudan Black

Mucopolysaccharides

- Alcian Blue

Glycogen

- Carmine

Calcium

- Von Kossa,Alzarine Red

DNA

- Acridine Orange (Green)

RNA

Acridine Orange (Red)

Collagen

Trichrome (Blue)

Smooth Muscle

Trichrome (Red)

Amyloid

Congo Red
(Light MicroscopyPink Colour
Polarised LightApple Green Bifringence)

Haemodiderin

Perls Stain,Prussian Blue

Lymphoblast

PAS ,Tat

Myeloblast

Sudan Black,Myeloperoxidase,
Non Specific esterase

Pneumocystis carnii

Methenamine Blue

H.Pylori (Non-Silver)

- Giemsa,Giamenez,Acridine Orange

H.Pylori (Silver)

- Warthin Starry,Steiner

Chief cells Phaeochromocytoma

- Chromogranin,Synaptophsin

Sustentacular cells Phaeochromocytoma- S- 100

Malignant Melanoma

Melanin Stain,S-100

Diff Hepatocellular carcinoma&Dysplastic Nodule - Glypican 3

Yersinia pestis Wayson stain(Bipolar Staining)
Confirmation of Vasectomy Wright Stain
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STAINS

MEDICAL CONSOLIDATED POINTS

Rapid Examination of Tubercle bacilli Auramine Rhodamine Stain
Reticulocyte Brilliant Cresyl Blue (Supravital Staining)
Gaucher Cells PAS positive
Amniotic Fluid for Maturiy estimation Nile Blue Sulphatase
Demonstration of Fungal Elements in tissues Periodic acid Schiff

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