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Aim: To analyze the given salt and identify the anion and cation present in it.
S.N
O
EXPERIMENT
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
White
Crystalline
Absence of copper,
cobalt,iron,nickel,
manganese.
Absence of carbonate
Soluble
Absence of Carbonate
No characteristic
odour
Absence of acetate
and ammonium salts.
No characteristic
reaction
Absence of
Carbonate,sulphite,nit
rite and sulphide.
Reddish brown
vapors are
evolved.
May be nitrate or
bromide.
NO3--, Br-
Presence of Bromide
is confirmed.
Br-
Preliminary Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
COLOUR
The Colour of given
salt is noted.
APPEARANCE
The appearance of the
given salt is noted
SOLUBILITY IN WATER
A little of the given salt
is dissolved in distilled
water in a test tube
ODOUR
ANION ANALYSIS
ACTION OF
DIL.SULPHURIC ACID
To a little of the substance
taken in a test tube a few
drops of dil. Sulphuric acid
is added .
ACTION OF
CONC.SULPHURIC ACID
To a little of the substance
taken in a test tube a few
drops of conc. Sulphuric acid
is added and warmed.
SILVER NITRATE TEST
To salt solution add dil nitric
acid and silver nitrate solution.
8.
9.
10
11.
12.
13.
14.
obtained
Brown/orange
layer is formed.
Presence of Bromide
is confirmed.
Br-
No characteristic
reaction
Absence of
ammonium
Salts
NH4+
No characteristic
reaction
Absence of I group
Pb2+
No characteristic
reaction
Absence of II group
Cu2+
Gelatinous white
ppt is obtained.
Presence of III
group(may be Al3+)
Presence of
aluminium is
confirmed.
Al3+
Presence of
aluminium is
confirmed.
Al3+
Result: The anion present in the given salt is bromide (Br-) and cation is Al+3.
The salt is Aluminium bromide AlBr3.
(Please note below equations for cations and anion to be written on the blank
page of the journal with pencil.)
Equations:
Al3+
1
.
Al3+ + 3OH-
2
.
1
.
2Br-- + H2SO4
White ppt
Al(OH)3 + NaCl + NH3
Br--
HBr +
[O]
Al(OH)3
Br-- + AgNO3
2Br-- + Cl2
2HBr + SO42-Br2
Brown
AgBr
Br2 +
+ H2O
+ NO3-2Cl--