Leukemia

Leukemia -
leukemia
source
Malignancy in general
Hematological malignancy
Hematological malignancies
under stress
written
Oncology
hematology
malignancy
clinical
Malignancy
Hematological malignancy Oriented
lymphoma
leukemia
Page |
Leukemia -
Malignancy
malignancy
control
uncontrolled cell division
replication
Organ
maturation of the cell
Under division
immature cell
Non functioning cell

Page |
Leukemia -
Maturation
Uncontrolled cell division

division
Malignancy
malignant cell
Is an immature cell
Non functioning cell
Leukemia
Leukemia
WBCs colonies
Malignant transformation
Leukemia
WBCs
Leukemia
acute leukemia
chronic leukemia
acute
acute
Acute leukemia & chronic leukemia

acute leukemia
leukemia
97 %
leukemia
chronic
3%
chronic leukemia
acute
acute
common
acute
lymphatic
lymphoblastic leukemia
acute lymphocytic leukemia
Lymphatic colonies
Page |
Leukemia -
acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Myeloid
acute non lymphoblastic

acute myeloid leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia

80 % acute
80 %
acute leukemia
80 %
Leukemia
acute lymphoblastic
In general
chronic
leukemia
acute leukemia
acute
acute myeloid
20 %
prognosis
cure rate
acute
acute
80 %
Most common
Prognosis
myeloid
acute type
lymphoblastic
acute
Prognosis
acute lymphoblastic
acute myeloid
Most common
Leukemia
acute lymphoblastic
classification
Chronic
Acute
Page |
Leukemia acute
Acute lymphoblastic
Acute myeloid
Prognosis
leukemia
written
malignancy
malignancy
malignancy
leukemia
Malignancy
Unknown etiology
malignancy
hematological
the exact etiology is unknown malignancy
factor
Malignancy
Malignancy
interaction
Malignancy
factors
factors
factors
Malignancy
environmental factors
bronchogenic carcinoma
Incidence of cancer
Page |
Leukemia Passive smoking
active
smoking
fibers
Incidence of cancer
cancer skin
environmental factor leukemia

Leukemia
environmental factor
mask
leukemia
start walking
Leukemia
Page |
Leukemia -
is so bad
acute leukemia
Prognosis
environmental factor
virus infections
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Epstein Bar virus
triggering factor
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
African type
viral infections
Epstein Bar virus

Burkitt lymphoma
whatever
Immune system
immunity
malignancy
Immunity
Malignant cell
tissue macrophages
Out of control
attack
Malignant cell
Immune deficiency
what ever
Immune deficiency
Page |
tissue macrophages
Immune system
Leukemia Incidence of malignancy

Immune deficiency
HIV
Liable Immune deficiency
Malignancy
Protective mechanism
immune system
malignant cell
malignant transformation
genetic susceptibility
genetic factors
genetic factors
identical twins
Normal population
common
malignancy
Identical twin
lymphoma
Identical twin
Lymphoma
leukemia
20
Down syndrome
20
Leukemia
Leukemia
chromosomal abnormalities
malignancy
susceptibility
exact etiology of malignancy

Is unknown
three factors
whatever
Interaction
malignancy
Immune deficiency
genetic susceptibility
Leukemia
clinically
clinical manifestations of leukemia
Page |
Leukemia -
clinically
clinical manifestations
malignant transformation
bone marrow
femur
Marrow cavity
marrow
myeloid
Lymphatic
platelets
whatever WBCs
colony
RBCs mother cells

megakaryocytes
mothers cells
leukemia
Uncontrolled cell division
WBCS
Malignancy
WBCs
Malignancy
Immature cells
still under division
colony Malignant transformation
myeloid
lymphatic
whatever
total count
Immature cells
WBCs
immature cells
WBCs
Infection
leukemia
repeated infections
Page |
Leukemia -
otitis media
History of repeated infection

immature
manifestations
WBCs
Organism
Marrow cavity
marrow cavity
Marrow cavity
RBCs
megakaryocytes
Marrow
It is a giant cell
replication
megakaryocytic function
Page |
10
space
Megakaryocytes
Megakaryocytes
Platelets
WBCs
Leukemia Megakaryocytes
platelets
ecchymosis
Platelet count
platelet count
petechiae
Purpura
bleeding under the skin
skin
Lymphadenopathy
stretch
Organomegaly
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

ITP
Hematology
ITP
in a good general condition
in a good general condition
pallor
organomegaly
source of infection
Generally
pyelonephritis
Otitis media
Loss of weight
aprexia
generally ITP
leukemia
feverish all the time
ITP
it is so bad
Page |
11
general condition
Leukemia -
bone marrow is mandatory
ITP
bone marrow is mandatory

ITP
early stage of leukemia
Purpuric eruption
bone marrow
RBCs production
pallor
RBCs production
pallor
Manifestations of anemia
Purpura
purpura
is so crowded
distention
periosteum of the bone

Periosteum of the bone
Marrow
marrow
distended
distended
traction
tension
periosteum of the bone
traction
generalized bone aches
sternum
Whatever
baby
Page |
12
touching
Leukemia will cry
baby
generalized bone ache

generalized bone ache
mild distention of the bone marrow
distention of the malignant cells
distention
Periosteum
pain
Still , the malignant cells inside the marrow cavity
malignant cells
blood stream
blood stream
Organ
dissemination
Can be implanted in any site
Malignant cells
spleen
splenomegaly
Liver
Hepatomegaly
spleen
Liver
lymph nodes
generalized lymphadenopathy
Not proceeded by nausea projectile vomiting

manifestations of increased intra cranial tension
Page |
13
Leukemia neurological deficits

facial palsy
iridocyclitis
just iridiocyclitis
Part of the brain eye
brain dissemination
brain
manifestations of cerebellar ataxia

convulsions
malignant cell
whatever
manifestations of increased intra cranial pressure

CNS
neurological insult
genitourinary system
Malignant cells
Males
one testicle
enlarged testis
abnormal cells
testis
sonar
Infiltration
malignant cells
biopsy
testicular infiltration
skin rash
skin rash
Itchy
Leukemia
blast cells
Infiltrated
biopsy
Malignant cells
kidney
Page |
14
Leukemia -
leukemia
blast cells
Infiltrated
Hematuria
Kidney
sonar
Kidney
biopsy
systemic dissemination
Oncology
malignancy
oncology
malignancy
malignancy
advanced stage
CNS
Purpura
Lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
pallor
Leukemia
It is advanced stage of leukemia
so bad
Prognosis
in a late presentation
repeated infections
purpuric eruption
hematology
Purpura
splenomegaly
Page |
15
cure rate
pallor
lymphadenopathy
95 %
cure rate
Leukemia dissemination
disease
You must exclude leukemia
bone marrow to exclude leukemia
Purpura
Message
Purpura
Lymphocytic
lymphocytic
Lymphoblastic
Lymph nodes
spleen
Liver
Liver
bone marrow
lymph node
CNS
CNS
CNS
spleen
Liver
lymph adenopathy
Organomegaly
spleen
Liver
clinical manifestations of leukemia

Page |
16
Leukemia -
Leukemia
leukemia
leukemia
CBC ( complete blood count )

CBC
platelets
RBCs
CBC
CBC
Malignant cells in the peripheral blood
blast cells
Peripheral blood
blast cells
professional
diagnostic for acute leukemia
blast cells
Peripheral blood
blast cells
leukemia
bone marrow
blast cells
bone marrow aspirate
tibia
bone marrow
two fingers breadth
tibial tubersity
chin of the tibia
Marrow cavity
iliac crest
Page |
17
Leukemia -
sternal
Whatever
diagnostic
Leukemia
diagnostic
Prognostic
prognostic
hematology
bone marrow
direct
slide
blast cells
French American British classification FAB classification
chronic leukemia
myeloid
Lymphatic
classification
L3
L2
L1
lymphatic
M7
M1 myeloid
clinical pathology
prognostic factor
L1
lymphatic
L3
Prognosis
Prognostic value
histopathological classification
cytogenetics
Page |
18
slide
Leukemia cluster of differentiation
malignant cells
cytogenetics
CD marker
CD marker
Oncology
CD marker
cluster of differentiation
CD marker
Malignant cells
professional
Myeloid
Lymphatic
T cells
B cells
lymphatic
Newborn
genitalia
genitalia
ambiguous genitalia
genitalia
XX
T cells
T maturation
Karyotyping
XY
B cells
B maturation
CD marker
CD marker
T cells
B cells
Mature
Page |
19
Leukemia -
immune phenotyping
bone marrow
malignant cells Peripheral blood
peripheral blood
bone marrow
Immune phenotyping
Prognosis
of chemotherapy
bone marrow
slide
bone marrow
clinical pathology
Immune phenotyping
cytogenetics
Protocol of chemotherapy
24
24
work up
work up
work up
lumbar puncture
Lumbar puncture
CNS infiltration
Page |
20
CNS infiltration
Leukemia symptoms
CNS
Mediastinum lymph nodes
lumbar puncture
lumbar puncture
chest X - ray
lung infiltrate
mediastinum lymph nodes
Infiltration
spleen
Liver
Porta hepatis
renal function
abdominal sonar
abdominal sonar
kidney
para aortic lymph nodes
Liver function
electrolytes
assessment
Uric acid
Uric acid
Malignant cells
Organ
Uric acid
base line of uric acid
chemotherapy
malignant cells
chemotherapy
chemotherapy
uric acid
uric acid nephropathy
base line of uric acid
tumor lysis syndrome
occular manifestations
Page |
21
Leukemia skin biopsy

testis
skin
Whatever
Testicular biopsy
work up
leukemia
prognostic factors
system
conference decision making
Personal decision making
Oncology
staff
data
comment
which protocol of chemotherapy
risk factors
It is a good prognosis
category of bad prognosis
female
Page |
22
Male
Leukemia male
prognostic factor
score
bad prognosis
is a good prognosis
malignant cells
One of the factors
CSF
female
androgens
Prognosis
clinically
male
male
initial presentation
CNS manifestations
projectile vomiting
Headache
blast cells
Lumbar puncture
CNS infiltration
bad prognosis
enlarged testis
testis Infiltration
biopsy
bad prognosis
chest X - ray
chest X -ray
bad prognosis
mediastinum lymph nodes
T cell type
is very aggressive type of leukemia
testicular
T cell leukemia
mediastinal CNS
so bad
Prognosis
clinical data
Page |
23
Leukemia -
Lab
CBC
bone marrow
chronic
L3
L2
bone marrow
Histopathological classification
FAB
myeloid
Lymphoblastic
lymphoblastic
myeloid
chronic
Prognosis
lymphoblastic
pathology
Lymphoblastic
bad prognosis
L3
Prognosis
bone marrow
L1
Prognosis
Immune phenotyping
B cells T
mature cells
CBC
thrombocytopenia
prognosis
thrombocytopenia
WBCs
blast cells
bad prognosis
bad prognosis
Page |
24
20,000
WBCs count
50,000
malignant cells
20,000
count
blast cells
Leukemia -
at time of presentation
is so bad prognosis
prognosis
spreading
anemia
malignant cells
spreading
Of spreading
splitting of
the cells
RBCs
RBCs count
at time of presentation
bone marrow
malignant cells
rapid dissemination
is mature cell Malignant cells
facilities
is so bad Prognosis
treatment
Treatment
protocol of chemotherapy
Oncology
Page |
25
Leukemia -
Otherwise
Otherwise nothing
treatment
general rules
support
hematology
Oncology
supportive care
general condition
chemotherapy
supportive care
Infection
Infection You must treat
chemotherapy
dissemination of infection
packed RBCs
Page |
26
Leukemia -
80,000
chemotherapy
packed RBCs
Antibiotics
eradication of infection
Nutritional state
generally
general support
general support care
24
IV fluids Intra vneous fluids

allopurinol
bicarbonates
alkalinization of urine
chemotherapy
uric acid nephropathy
Uric acid
alkalinization of urine
allopurinol
chemotherapy
chemotherapy
malignant cells
induction therapy
malignant cells
Page |
27
Leukemia -
chemotherapy
chemotherapy
generally
Is a good sign
responding to treatment
whatever
antibiotics
chemotherapy
Induction therapy
Induction phase
infection
support
infection
induction therapy
Induction therapy
resting phase
CBC
Normal
WBCs
Normal
Normal
bone marrow recovery
blast cells
Page |
28
Leukemia -
bone marrow
malignant cells
chemotherapy
chemotherapy
malignant cells
CNS
chemotherapeutic drugs
CNS
water soluble
CNS
chemotherapy
needle
needle
Lumbar puncture
chemotherapy
CSF
chemotherapy
5
CNS
prophylaxis
brain
chemotherapy
chemotherapy
cranial irradiation
Malignant cells
testicular infiltrate
testicular irradiation
testis
malignant cells
Of chemotherapy
leukemia
Page |
29
Whatever
Leukemia -
Leukemia
Leukemia
Leukemia
leucocyte
myeloid line
lymphoid line
myeloid line
myeloid stem cells
Myeloid stem cells
myeloblast
promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
neutrophils
Myeloid line
blast
blast
bone marrow
promyelocyte , myelocyte and metamyelocyte
more developed
mature neutrophils
lymphoid line
lymphoid stem cells
lymphoblast
prelymphocyte
lymphocyte
Page |
30
Leukemia lecocytosis
Mature neutrophils
Mature lymphocyte
Immature stages of WBCs
proliferation
leukaemia
leukaemia
myeoblast
Myeloid line
Acute myeloid leukaemia
lymphoblast
neoplasm
lymphoid line
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

chronic myeloid leukaemia
metamyelocyte
pre-lymphocyte
promyelocyte
leukaemia
acute
blasts
proliferation mainly
blasts
leukaemia
mature
chronic
blasts
blasts
aggressive
Myeloblast
bone marrow failure
proliferation
bone marrow
myeloblast
bone marrow
blasts
Acute myeloblastic leukaemia
neutrophils
neutrophils
platelets
RBCs
blasts
neutrophils
neutropenia
anaemia , thrombocytopenia
blasts
peripheral blood
blasts
bone marrow
acute myeloblastic leukaemia
Page |
lymphoblast
Infiltration
31
Leukemia bone marrow
lymphoblast
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

lymphocyte mature
bone marrow
platelets
RBCs
lymphoblast
early bone marrow failure
acute leukaemia
proliferation
normal WBCs
bone marrow failure

blasts
bone marrow
RBCs
platelets
chronic leukaemia
late
more or less
bone marrow failure

chronic
bone marrow failure
so late
bone marrow
behavior
leucocytes
proliferation
leucocytes
platelets
RBCs
mature WBCs
mature WBCs
skin
lymph nodes
spleen
vital organs
thrombocytopenic
anaemic
Infection
RBCs
WBCs
Tissue invasion
WBCs
lung
bone
circulation
WBCs Infiltrated
organs
disturbances
functions
Liver
Inflitration
Page |
mortality Leukaemia
hemorrhage
infection
Anaemia
32
Leukemia bone marrow failure

chronic
Acute
3%
immature WBCs normally

Immature WBCs
blasts
promyelocyte
Immature
bone marrow
blast
shift to the left
Immature WBCs Leucocytosis
bone marrow
bone marrow
WBCs
bone marrow
leucocytosis
Immature
WBCs
WBCs
RBCs
bone marrow
infection, bleeding and hemolysis
hemolysis
bleeding
bone marrow proliferate
platelets
WBCs
bone marrow emergency
bone marrow
emergency
Infection
RBCs
Infection
platelets
Infection
RBCs
RBCs
platelets
Page |
33
cytokines
bone marrow
leucocytes
WBCs
RBCs
Infection
hemolysis
hemolysis
Leukemia proliferation
bone marrow
hemorrhage
hemolysis
shift to the left
shift to the left

WBCs
Immature
Immature WBCs
staff
staph aureus
s , t , a, double f
staff
immature neutrophils
staff cells
staff cell
staff
shift to the left
bone marrow
leucocytosis with shift to the left

shift to the right
shift to the right
shift to the right
folic acid and B12 deficiency
leucocytosis
Leucopenia
hyper segmented
neutrophils
B12 and folic acid deficiency
shift to the right
hypersegmented
neutrophils
leucopenia
Immature leucocytosis
immature
staff cells
staff cells
Page |
34
Leukemia character
not well developed
nucleus
segment
nucleus
two segments
segments
neutrophils
immature
staff cells
Neutrophils
segments
folic acid and B12 deficiency
hyper segmented
MCQ
shift to the left
clinical pathology
immature neutrophils leucocytosis
staff cells
Bleeding hemolysis
Infection
bleeding or hemolysis
infection
Infection
Infection
toxic granulations
shift to the left
toxic granulations
neutrophils
sign
toxic granulation
blood
40
blood
clinical pathology
75
blood
blood
blood
blood
bloooooooooood
toxic granulations
toxic granulations
sign
toxic granulations
blood
infection
neutrophils
toxic granulaltions
vacuoles
neutrophils
cytoplasm
shift to the left
infections
immature WBCs leucocytosis
shift to the left
staff cells
Infection
neutrophils
infection
Page |
35
toxic granulations
extremely specific
Leukemia Infection
toxic granulations
leukaemia
neutrophils
neutrophils
Neutropenia
neuturophilia
2000-7000
neutrophils
absolute count
absolute count
percent
absolute count
percent
take care
10000
total leucocytic count
50% neutrophils
10000
50% neutrophils
5000
neutrophils
absolute count
Normal range
5000
neutrophila
pyogenic infection
tissue damage
myocardial infraction
pulmonary infraction
leukaemias
Myeloproliferative
rheumatoid
adhesion
blood vessels
wall
blood stream
cortisone
neutrophilia
neutrophils
adhesion
Neutrophils
neutrophilia
WBCs
blood vessels
bone marrow
endothelium
neutrophils
Neutrophilia
Impaired
neutrophils
function
neutrophilia
eosinophils
Page |
36
Leukemia -
Esinophils
problem
eosinophilia
oral written
neutrophils
oral
written
eosinophils
2008
written
neutrophils
neutrophils
neutropenia
neutrophilia
full stop
neutrophilia
specific
eosinophils
short
parasite
allergy
eosinophilia
fasciola
eosinophilia
Parasite
hydatid disease
eosinophilia
fasciola
Liver disease
hydatid disease
fasciola
hepatitis like
tender liver enlarged
eosinophilia
fasciola
hepatitis
hepatitis
eosinophila
amoebic liver
eosinophilia
fasciola
fasciola
Liver
liver
Page |
37
N.B.
fasciola
fasciola
parasite
amoebic liver
amoebic liver
eosinophilia
amoebic liver
Leukemia hydatid
fasciola
Liver parenchyma
transaminases
biliary system
alkaline phophatase
general
parasite
addison's disease
Addison's
Strug strauss vasculitis
vital organ
addison's
vasculitis
primary hypereosinophilic syndrome

eosinophils very high
Lung
Heart Infiltration
eosinophils
hypereosinophilic syndrome
eosinophils
steroid
cortisone
allergy
cortisone
addison's
cortisone
Hodgkin's
cortisone
vasculitis
cortisone
cortisone
eosinophils
lymphocytes
Basophils
Basophils
myeloproliferative , chronic myeloid , myelosclerosis
polycythaemia rubra vera
basophils
lymphocyte
Page |
38
Leukemia -
lymphocyte
lymphocytosis
sore thorat
T.B. , Brucella and typhoid
Infection
lymphocytosis
viral
viral infection
leukaemias
Atypical lymphocytosis
infectious mononucleosis
Lymphocytosis
male 65 yrs old . liver , spleen and lymph nodes

persistent lymphocytosis
liver , spleen and lymph nodes 16 yrs
Lymphocytosis
Atypical lymphocytosis
Lymphocyte
viral infection
CMV
sore thorat
very common
Lymphopenia
HIV
Monocytes
Monocytes
tissues
Page |
Peripheral blood
39
bone marrow
Leukemia tissue macrophages
value of Bone marrow examination

diagnostic and confirmatory
diagnostic
diagnostic
bone marrow examination is mandatory
bone marrow
peripheral blood
bone marrow examination

plasma cells
multiple myeloma
bone marrow
fibrous tissues
myelofibrosis
bone marrow
blasts
A leukaemic leukaemia
aplastic anaemia
sidroblastic anaemia
Peripheral blood
bone marrow
exclude similar condition just to confirm

idiopathic thrombo cytopenic purpura
confirmatory
leukaemia
Aleukaemic leukaemia
leukaemia
bone marrow
calssifications
confirm
iron deficiency
Megaloblastic

I.T.P
I.T.P
exclusion

exclude similar condition
confirm
blasts
platelets
thrombocytopenia
bone marrow
Idiopathic
bone marrow
Page |
40
Leukemia I.T.P
I.T.P
bone marrow
bone marrow
I.T.P
aspiration
almost sure
sternum
dry tap
fibrosis
bone marrow
trephine from iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
Local anathesia
bone marrow
fibrous tissue
Myelofibrosis
bone marrow
peripheral blood
Peripheral blood
leukaemia
Page |
100,000
40,000
41
bone marrow
myelofibrosis
dry tap
fibrous tissue
leukaemia
Leucocytosis
blasts
leukaemia
Acute leukaemia
blasts
platelets
RBCs
leucocytosis
leukaemia like
Leukemia like
oid
leukemoid
Leukaemia
Infection
leukemoid reaction
leukaemia
leukemoid reaction
abscess
leukaemia
total leucocytic count may exceed 50,000

usually
50,000
100,000

Leukaemia
leukemoid reaction
almost normally
RBCs
normal
platelets
normally proliferation
bone marrow
blasts
alkaline phosphatase
leukemoid reaction
Leukemoid
leukaemia
leucocytes
leucocytic alkaline phosphatase
functioning WBCs
High
blasts
leukaemia like
leucocytes
Normal leucocytes
never exceed 5%
immature cells
blood picture
leukaemia
RBCs
platelets
Leucocytois
bone marrow
blasts
leucocytic alkaline phosphatase
fever
Page |
42
blood picture
Leukemia blood picture
steroid
fever
problem
neutrophils
viral
lymphocyte
Lymphomas
leukaemias
leucocytosis due to infection

toxic granulations
infection
MCQ
leukoerythroblastic reaction
bone marrow
leukaemia
peripheral blood
bone marrow
RBCs
blasts
WBCs
WBCs
blasts
blasts
RBCs
leukaemia
blasts
common
Peripheral blood
leukoerythroblastic
blasts leucocytes
RBCs
bone marrow
bone marrow
Peripheral blood
blasts
blasts
bone marrow infiltration

myeloma
leukaemia
lymphoma
T.B.
WBCs
RBCs
blasts
option
leukaemia , lymphoma , T.B. , myeloma
Page |
43
Leukemia 41
clinical pathology
leukaemia
bone marrow failure bone marrow Infiltration
acute leukaemia
auto immune
antibody
WBCs immune disorder
Infection
tissue infiltration
acute leukaemia
bone marrow failure
Bone marrow failure

aetiology
ionizing radiation chemicals genetic
retrovirus
HTLV1 (
retrovirus
leukaemia
human T-cell lymphotropic virus )
Acute leukaemia
blasts
proliferation
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
lymphcyte
blasts
acute myeloid leukaemia
myelocyte
blasts

young adult
very aggressive
adult

85%
ALL
common
Page |
44
Leukemia -
very aggressive

lymphoblast
bone
very
Myelocyte promyelocyte
N0 to N7
acute myeloid
myeloblast
marrow

aggressive leukaemia
leukaemia
myeloid
clinical pictures of acute leukaemia
infection
fever
sore thorat
anaemia
fatigue
pallor
mature
neutrophils
Infection
purpuric eruption
epistaxis
fever , anaemia and bleeding
tissue infiltration
sternum
Pain
bone marrow
tender sternum
liver , spleen and lymph nodes enlargement common with lymphoblastic leukaemia
Myeloid
Lymph nodes
acute myeloid
liver , spleen
13
sore thorat , fever , liver , spleen and lymph node enlargement
Infectious mononucleosis
Page |
45
Leukemia acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
child , sore thorat , liver , spleen and lymph node enlargement

sore thorat
acute leukaemia
thrombocytopenic
anaemic
leukaemia
Investigations
total leucocytic count is variable

50,000
5,000-50,000
WBCs
WBCs
25%
50%
WBCs
acute leukaemia
excessive blast in bone marrow
peripheral blood
acute leukaemia
bone marrow
bone marrow
peripheral blood
blasts
peripheral blood
blasts
bone marrow
peripheral blood
bone marrow
bone marrow
blasts
Page |
blasts
blasts
bone marrow
blasts
How can you suspect Aleukaemic leukaemia

blasts blasts
bone marrow
infection
neutrophils
46
Leukemia -
thrombocytopenia
normocytic
blood pictures
sore thorat
anaemia
bone marrow
thrombocytopenia
Infection , sore thorat
fever
RBCs
platelets
normochromic
iron deficiency anaemia
hypochromic microcytic
haemoglobin
female usually
Hypochromic microcytic
normocytic normochromic
very mild iron deficiency aneamia
Iron
neutropenia
Peripheral blood
neutrophils
neutrophils peripheral blood
Platelets
RBCs
I.T.P.
platelets
thrombocytopenia
bone marrow
bone marrow
blasts
Aleukaemic leukaemia
RBCs
examination
platelets
Auer rods
myeloblast
Auer rods
lymphoblast
blasts
differential diagnosis
acute leukaemia
fever with sore thorat
poor prognosis
Page |
47
Leukemia platelets
100,000
total count
L3
general
negative
Positive aerobes and anaerobes
pneumocystis carnii
sutrim CMV
anaemia
platelets
bleeding
antibiotic
Infections
gancyclovir
acyclovir
tumor lysis
Lysis

remission induction
induction of remission
chemotherapy
chemotherapy
bone marrow suppression
normal
bone marrow blasts
peripheral blood
blasts
malignant
residual normal bone
vincristine
dose
bone marrow
bone marrow malignant
bone marrow
malignant fossi
Peripheral blood
chemotherapy
blasts
marrow
vincristine , adriamycin , predinsolone and L-asparaginase

doses
dose
cardiology
dose
cardiology
doses
dose
leukaemia
haematology
dose
Page |
48
Leukemia Leukaemia
dose
haematology
Remission consolidation (4weeks )
cyclophosphamide
cytosine arabinoside cyclophosphamide

C
consolidation
cytosine arabinoside
methotrexate
CSF
leukaemia
prophylaxis CNS
Meninges
CSF
cytotoxic drugs
CNS prophylaxis
CNS prophylaxis
leukaemia
Haematology
text
courses
four doses
Maintenance therapy
M
maintenance
mercaptopurine and methotrexate

vincristine , adriamycin, prednisolone and L-asparaginase
remission induction
signs of remission
clinical picture
5%
bone marrow
blasts
peripheral blood
blasts
Page |
49
Leukemia C
consolidation
consolidation
cytosine arabinoside cyclophosphamide
CSF
methotrexate
CNS
prophylaxis
mercaptopurine
M
M
maintenance
methotrexate

ara
remission
6-Thioguanine cytosine arabinoside
ara-c
ara-c
cytosine arabinoside
6-Thioguanine
Medication
consolidation
remission
maintenance
bone marrow transplantation
remission
Maintenance
very aggressive
leukaemia
L1, L2, L3
clinical pathology
FAB classification
FAB classification of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
L1
L2
L3
complication
L3
Prognosis
acute myeloblastic leukaemia

acute lymphoblastic
myelobalsts
predominant cell
acute myeloid
myeloblasts
myeloblast
bone marrow
acute myeloid
Undifferentiated
M0
Maturation
myeloblasts
M1
DIC
promyelocytic
M3
bone marrow fibrosis
megakaryocytic
gum
hypertrphy
monocytic
M5
M0
acute myeloid
immunological classification
Page |
50
calssification
Leukemia antigens
Myeloid leukaemia
antigen
antigen
Malignant
cluster differentiation
leukaemias
antigen
cluster of differentiation
CD
CD
Immune classification
acute myeloid
cells

male middle age massive splenomegaly
male
middle age
massive splenomegaly
myeloid
Lymphnode
late
lymphocytic

spleen
WBCs
proliferation
spleen
leukaemia
spleen
Mature
WBCs
platelets
leukaemia
bone marrow failure

bone marrow failure late
spleen
spleen
thrombocytopenia
bone marrow failure
anaemia
Infection
spleen
male
spleen
obese
anaemia
mature
WBCs
accidently discovered
blood pictures
bleeding
Infection
Page |
function of neutrophils and platelets

huge spleen
blast crisis
chronic myeloid
51
Leukemia Leukaemia
acute myeloid
blast crisis
acute myeloid
chronic myeloid
leukaemia
blasts
bone marrow
blast crisis
chronic myeloid
chronic myeloid
36
myeloid line
neutrophils
metamyelocyte myelocyte promyelocyte myeloblast
myeloid line
bone marrow
blasts
chronic myeloid
bone marrow
blasts
bone marrow
Myelocyte
promyelocyte
spleen
promyelocyte Myelocyte
mature neutrophils
platelets
bone marrow failure
peripheral blood
myeloblast
myeloblast
bone marrow
suddenly
RBCs
platelets
blast crisis
accelerated phase
thrombocytopenic anaemic
Infiltrated
100,000
25,000
WBCs
Page |
52
blast crisis
accelerated phase
bone marrow
blast crisis
blast crisis
blood pictures
Total leucocytic count
acute leukaemia
100,000
acute leukaemia
Leukemia -
chronic
It is mainly of myeloid series, in the form of myelocytes , promyelocytes

Mature neutrophils
Myeloblasts
blast crisis
Myeloblast
Basophilia and eosinophilia
leukaemia
investigations
hyper urcaemia
9 and 22
programmed
GIT
bone marrow
uric acid
Philadelphia (ph) chromosome

chromosomes
bone marrow
Philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia
proliferating
Philadelphia chromosome
rapidly dividing cells
cell death
desquamation
tongue
Bone marrow
GIT
folic acid and B12

chromosome
Philadelphia
malignant
WBCs
bone marrow
WBCs
leukaemia
leukaemia
blast crisis
mature
neutrophils
platelets
chronic myeloid
blast crisis
RBCs
chronic myeloid
behavior
Leucocytic alkaline phosphatase is low
Page |
53
Leukemia chronic myeloid leukaemia

tissue infiltration
blood vessel
200,000 or
WBCs
Myelosupressive
WBCs
leucostasis
Hydroxyurea
15,000
20,000
300,000
Leukaemia
interferons
spleen
Radiotherapy
malignant
leucopharesis
hydroxyurea
leukaemia
Myelosupressive
Imatinib
imatinib
Hydra
Interferon
hydroxyurea
imatinib
failure
blast crisis
blast crisis
Imatinib
proliferation
WBCs
bone marrow
chronic myeloid
spleen
haemoglobin
functioning
platelets
WBCs
spleen
hydroxyurea
blast crisis
Imatinib
Page |
54
WBCs
Leukemia -

Leukaeima
lymphocyte
Lymphoid tissue
proliferation
liver, spleen and lymph nodes
bone marrow failure
Late
chronic myeloid
hydroxyurea
leukaemia
blast crisis
spleen
antibody
RBCs
lymphocyte
auto antibody
chronic lymphocytic
Liable to infection
Lymphocytes
Infection
blast crisis
character
cell of origin
Liver , spleen Infiltration
B-lymphocytes
Infection
immunoglobulins
auto immune hemolytic
abnormal immune reaction
problem
liver , spleen and lymph node
male
infection
Persistent lymphocytosis
MRSA
stages
Lymphocytes
lymph node
bone marrow failure
Stage A
Stage B
Stage C
Investigations
diagnosis
sustained absolute lymphocytosis
chest infection
fever
antibiotic
Page |
55
Leukemia -
CBC
feverish
investigation
Lymphocytosis
CBC
viral infection
infection
antipyretic
lymphocytosis
viral
bacterial
viral
viral
viral
antibiotic antipyretic
chronic
lymphocytosis
lymphocytic leukaemia
platelets
bone marrow failure

bacterial infection
viral
Infection
RBCs
investigations
Coomb's test
antibiotic
infection
bone marrow failure
bone marrow failure
Stage C
More aggressive cases
chemotherapy
Prednisolone
cyclophosphamide
Chlorambucil
leukaemia
C
Page |
chronic
56
cytoctoxic
chronic leukaemia
C
Leukemia -
episode
myeloid
leucocytes
chronic myeloid
hydroxyurea
myelosuppressive
C
chronic C
chronic lymphocytic
cyclophosphamide
Lymph nodes
cortisone
Chlorambucil
70-80
Rituximab
monoclonal antibody
Rituximab
chemotherapy
hairy cell leukaemia

MCQ
leukaemia
bone marrow fibrosis
chronic lymphocytic
erythema nodosum
splenomegaly
leukaemia
cytoplasmic projection
WBCs
Bone marrow fibrosis
Interferon therapy
Chronic myeloid leukaemia
interferon
leukaemia
Interferon
Imatinib
interferon
bone
viral retrovirus
bone marrow
needle
Hairy cell leukaemia

dry tap
dry tap
dry tap
marrow
Myelofibrosis
interferon
Hairy cell leukaemia
Leukaemia
neutropenia and agranulocytosis
normal
RBCs
agranulocytosis
neutrophils
Page |
57
neutropenia
WBCs
Leukemia aplastic anaemia

bone marrow aplasia
Normal
hypersplenism
mono cytopenia
platelets
viral infection
neutrophils
bone marrow aplasia
neutrophils hypersplenism
Mono cytopenia
Hypersplensim
Hypersplenism
thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
Pan
antithyroid
phenylbutazone
drug
choloramphincol
dead
neutrophils
Hyperemia
Pus
ulcers
organsim
Inflammation
thorat ulcers
scanty pus
Normal
RBCs
Minimal
normal
clinical pictures
sore thorat
sore thorat
polymorph
Pus
Polymorph
Minimal signs of inflammation
.
signs of inflammation
blood picture
Platelets
neutrophils
antibiotic
blood disease presented with sore thorat and fever
acute leukaemia
thrombocytopenia
anaemia blasts acute leukaemia
Peripheral blood
bone marrow
blasts
thrombocytopenia anaemia
blood disease
agranulocytosis
Page |
58
Leukemia Normal
RBCs
platelets
neutropenia
platelets
scanty pus
RBCs
aplastic anaemia
Pancytopenia
Neutropenia
agranuloctyosis and aplastic anaemia

scanty pus and minimal signs of inflammation
thorat ulcers
minimal signs of inflammation
throat ulcers
Myeloproliferative disorders
myeloproliferative
myeloproliferative
proliferation Leukaemia
RBCs
platelets
WBCs
panhyper cellularity of bone marrow
Proliferation
hyper cellular
bone marrow
Hyper cellular
platelets RBCs WBCs

dominant
dominant
RBCs
chronic myeloid
dominant
WBCs
essential thromobocythemia
dominant
platelets
bone marrow
platelets
Pan hyper cellularity
RBCs
polycythima rubra vera
fibroblast
polycythemia rubra vera

polycythima rubra vera
Hyper cellular
RBCs
dominant
MCQ
WBCs
RBCs
plethora
RBCs Hyperviscosity
tissue Invade
WBCs
Page |
59
Leukemia dizziness , vertigo
Hyper viscosity
Hyperviscosity syndrome Hyper tension
splenomegaly
spleen
fundus examination engorged veins
retina
itching
Criteria
packed cell volume
RBCs
red cell mass
RBCs
red cell mass
Red cell mass
RBCs
haematocrit
RBCs mass
labled
dilution
RBCs
degree of dilution
Haematocrit
More accurate
volume of RBCs
haematocrit
RBCs mass Red cell mass
total blood volume
blood volume
More accurate
RBCs
haematocrit value
Red cell mass
secondary polythaemia
hypoxia
chest disease
12,000
RBCs

malignant
WBCs
B2
Hypoxia
RBCs
secondary to hypoxia
splenomegaly
Platelets
400,000
platelets
B1
criteria
High leucocytic alkaline phosphatase

serum B12
B3
B4
RBCs
Page |
60
Blood picture
Leukemia dominant
chronic
erythropoietin
RBCs
WBCs
chronic myeloid
transcoblamine
WBCs
RBCs
Bone marrow
Low
erythropoietin level
B12
B12
myeloid
chronic myeloid
B12
polycythemia rubra vera
leucocytes
Uric acid
Myeloproliferative
B12
hydroxyurea
basophilia
Venesection
splenomegaly
hydorxyurea
venesection
Allopurinol
polycythaemia
erythrocytosis
cor pulmonale
hepatoma
high
erythrocytosis
COPD
secondary polycythaemia
erythropoientin level to be
Low
oxygen
Polycythaemia
hypoxia
COPD
haemoglobin
polycystic kidney disease

hyper nephroma
hydronephrosis
erythropoietin
hypoxia
secondary polycythaemia
kidney
suppression
bone marrow
splenomegaly
criteria
61
rubra vera
dizziness
cushing
polycythaemia
secondary
erythropoietin production
Polycythaemia rubra vera
erythropoietin
itching polycythaemia rubr vera
COPD
differentiated
Myelofibrosis
Page |
general support
Leukemia fibroblast
dominant
proliferation
bone marrow
elements
bone marrow
fibrous tissue
bone marrow
bone marrow
fibroblast
megakaryocyte
fibrous tissue
bone marrow
malignant megakaryocytes Malignant
megakaryocytes
growth factor fibroblast
fibroblast
fibrous tissue
bone marrow
extramedullary haematopoiesis
spleen
anaemia
bone
fibrosis
bone marrow
extra medullary haematopoiesis
marrow
stem cells
fibrosis
fibroblast
stem cells
erythropoiesis
spleen
spleen
bone marrow
RBCs
spleen
extra medullary haematopoiesis
thalassaemia
splenomegaly
blood
WBCs
leucocytosis huge spleen anaemia
huge spleen
Huge
dry tap
anaemia

bone marrow
pictures
Huge spleen
written
on examination
spleen crossing the umbilicus

Tear drop cells
tropical splenomegaly
tropical splenomegaly syndrome
myelofibrosis
blood film
visceral leishmaniesis
chronic malaria
Parasite
leishmaniesis
Kala azar
specific drug for leishmania

Page |
62
Leukemia -
amyloidosis spleen
nonhodgkin lymphoma
investigation
leucoerythroblastic features myelofibrosis

precursor
fibrous tissue
trephine from iliac crest
dry tap
Investigation
hypersplenism
Tear drop cells
supportive
Hydroxyurea
chapter
hydra
RBCs
bone marrow
RBCs
spleen
splenoectomy
bone marrow transplantation
www.facebook.com/dr.tafreegh
Page |
63

Leukemia

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Leukemia

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Leukemia -

uncontrolled cell division

maturation of the cell

Non functioning cell

Uncontrolled cell division

Non functioning cell

Acute leukemia & chronic leukemia

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

acute non lymphoblastic

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Leukemia Passive smoking

environmental factor leukemia

acute myeloid leukemia

Epstein Bar virus

Leukemia Incidence of malignancy

exact etiology of malignancy

RBCs mother cells

Uncontrolled cell division

History of repeated infection

bleeding under the skin

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

bone marrow is mandatory

bone marrow is mandatory

periosteum of the bone

periosteum of the bone

generalized bone aches

Leukemia will cry

generalized bone ache

Not proceeded by nausea projectile vomiting

Leukemia neurological deficits

manifestations of cerebellar ataxia

manifestations of increased intra cranial pressure

You must exclude leukemia

bone marrow to exclude leukemia

clinical manifestations of leukemia

CBC ( complete blood count )

Leukemia cluster of differentiation

Mediastinum lymph nodes

Leukemia skin biopsy

which protocol of chemotherapy

category of bad prognosis

One of the factors

mediastinum lymph nodes

IV fluids Intra vneous fluids

Immature stages of WBCs

chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Leukemia bone marrow

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

bone marrow failure

bone marrow failure

Leukemia bone marrow failure

immature WBCs normally

shift to the left

leucocytosis with shift to the left

shift to the left

primary hypereosinophilic syndrome

T.B. , Brucella and typhoid

male 65 yrs old . liver , spleen and lymph nodes

Leukemia tissue macrophages

value of Bone marrow examination

bone marrow examination is mandatory

bone marrow examination

exclude similar condition just to confirm