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4.
Exposed Rock
Adiabatic compression
Machinery
Other sources
Exposed Rock
The heat flow from exposed rock is major sources of heat in deep underground mines.
The rock temperature varies seasonally with the air temperature variations at the
earths surface and below this level, the rock temperature rises at a rate called the
geothermal gradient.
0.05 ( 2)
( ) =
( . )
= + 1
Where:
Increments in dry-bulb temperature in 1000 m shaft in British coal mines (after Verma, 1979).
= 0.24 44 103
= 176 kJ/minute per kW
= approximately 3 kJ/s per kW = 3 kW/kW
1 kW converted into mechanical energy, another 2 becomes heat in the exhaust gas.
In this case the water is evaporates into the mine air resulting in a
decrease of dry bulb temperature and increase of wet bulb
temperature.
Where :
: wetness factors
: latent heat evaporation of water (J/kg)
+ (
: overall transfer coefficient for radiation from dry surface to wet surface
: average temperature which is radiating (C)
Acclamation
: 50% exposure
Second day
: 60%
Third day
: 70%
Fourth day
: 80%
Fifth day
: 90%
Sixth day
: 100%