Dominios y Frameworks

Javier Mayorga
Introduccin arquitecturas empresariales

Indice
Frameworks
Alineacin estratgica
Mapas estratgicos

Estadsticas
All Others except the Financial & Insurance Industry
Organization own
22%

Other
7%

Zachman Framework
FEAF, US Federal
19%
Enterprise
Architecture
None
Framework
4%
4%

CIMOSA (Computer
Integrated Manufacturing
Open Systems
Architecture) framework
7%
PERA (Purdue
Enterprise Reference
TAFIM, US Defense
Architecture) Framework TEAF, US Treasury Technical Architecture
Enterprise Architecture
4%
Framework for
Framework.
Information Management
4%
4%
Source: EA Survey 2003, Copyright: IFEAD

TOGAF, the Open Group

Architecture Framework
7%
IAF, Cap Gemini Ernst &
Young's - Integrated
Architecture Framework
7%
C4ISR, US Defense
Architecture Framework
7%

ISO/IEC 14252 (IEEE

Std 1003.0) Guide to the
POSIX Open System
Environment
4%

Estadsticas
Financial & Insurance Industry
Zachman
Framework
17%
Source: EA Survey 2003, Copyright: IFEAD

Organization own
83%
Source: EA Survey 2003, Copyright: IFEAD

Estadsticas
All Industries / Governments
Organization own
32%

Other
6%

Zachman Framework
18%

FEAF, US Federal
Enterprise Architecture
Framework
6%

IAF, Cap Gemini Ernst &

Young's - Integrated
Architecture Framework
7%

CIMOSA (Computer
Integrated Manufacturing
Open Systems
Architecture) framework
6%
PERA (Purdue
Enterprise Reference
Architecture) Framework
3%

TOGAF, the Open Group

Architecture Framework
9%

TEAF, US Treasury
Enterprise Architecture
Framework.
4%

ISO/IEC 14252 (IEEE

Std 1003.0) Guide to the
POSIX Open System
Environment
3%

C4ISR, US Defense
Architecture Framework
6%

Estadsticas

Evolucin
DoD AF
2003

references

JTA
references

ISO/IEC
14252

CIMOSA

Supported by
influenced

influenced

PERA

supported by

TAFIM

C4ISR
1999

references

DoD TRM

TOGAF
1995

adopted by

influenced

TOGAF
2002

influenced
influenced

Zachman
1987
influenced

influenced

EAP
1992

influenced

FEAF
1999

influenced

UVA Model
1994
influenced

IAF v1
1996

influenced

Zachman
2003

FEAF
2003
influenced

supported by

TISAF
1997

influenced

TEAF
2000

SAGA

influenced
influenced

IAF v3 EE
2001

E2AF
2003

XAF
2003

Evolucin

Calificacin

Hace muy poco trabajo en esta rea

Hace poco trabajo en esta rea
Hace un trabajo aceptable en esta rea
Hace un muy buen trabajo en esta rea

Calificacin

Zachman

Caractersticas

Framework posicionado
Entregables categorizados
Historia de uso en manufactura
Alta aceptacin
Perspectiva holstica limitada
Herramienta de planeacin

Integrated Architecture Framework

Aspect Areas

Business

Information

InformationInformationSystems

TechnologyTechnologyInfrastructure

Systems Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Technology Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Abstraction Levels

Why?
Vision / Strategy
Business / Technology
Drivers
Scope

Contextual Level

What?
Goals & Objectives
Requirements

Conceptual Level

How?
Logical Representation

Business Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Corporate Strategic Plans
Business Drivers
Guiding Principles
Scope of the Change
Environmental Dynamics, e.g. Laws
Business Goals & Objectives, KPIs

Activities the Business Performs

Information Policy

System Development policy

Locations in which the Business Operates

Responsibilities & Competencies

Integration Policy

Technology Infrastructure policy

Confidentiality of Information
Dependencies of others
Activities in Scope

With what?

Guiding Principles

End = Information Situation

End = To-Be Information-System Situation

Level of Business Collaboration

Level of Information Interaction

Level of Interoperability

Project Goals & Objectives

Business Requirements

Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements

Business Relationships

Quality of Services

Budget of Change

Information Relations

Stakeholders / Win-Win Conditions

Information Characteristics

As-Is Information Systems Environment

Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements
Information-Systems Behaviour

As-Is Infrastructure
TI Principles
Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements
Quality of Services

End = Business Purpose

Link = Business System Connection

Node = Business System Environment

Type of Business Collaboration

Type of Information Interaction

Type of Interoperability

Type of Inter-Connection

MDA Platform-Independent Modelling (PIM)

Business functionality and behavior

Value Net Position

Information Processes
Information Objects & Relations
Information Interaction
Information Flow Characteristics

Business Culture

Information Resources

Business Commitment

Information Locations

Standards = MDA Development

Standards

Organisation Structure
Business Area Structure
Role Players / Actors

Viewpoint = Business Perspective

End = Business Behaviour

Solutions of Business Collaboration

Business Functions structure and relations
Business Objects

Many Middleware Technologies

Shared & Pluggable Services

Characteristics = Time, Availability, Security,

Maintainability, etc.

Technology Standards
Infrastructure Profile
Hardware Systems Profile
Communication Profile
Security Profile
Governance Profile

End = Information Behaviour

Entities = Classes, Attributes &

Associations
End = PIM

Positioning = Allocation of Services

Interaction = Concepts of Layering

Solutions of Information Interaction

Solutions for Interoperability

Solutions of Inter-Connection

Viewpoint = Human Perspective

Type of Information Exchange

Formal / Informal
Grouping of Information Objects
Grouping of Information Resources
Type of Triggers / Events

MDA Platform-Specific Modelling (PSM)

Technology Overview

Map PSM to application interfaces, code, GUI

descriptors, SQL queries, etc.

Solutions & Products for Inter-Connection

Viewpoints = Characteristics of a View

Formats of Communication

End = Business Outcome

Priority = Dependency of Information

Relation = Information Flow
End = Information Outcome

Structure = Spectrum of Styles

Quality = Component Characteristics
End = PSM

Security Integration
Node = Hardware + System
Software, etc.
Connectivity = Middleware /
Messaging, etc.
End = Structure of Relations,
Products + Specifications

Granularity of Change

Impact of Change

Timeframe of Change

Timeframe of Change

Business Resources

Grouping of Information
Types

Business Case

Business Case

Business Case

Business Case

Transformation Roadmap

Information Systems Roadmap

Make or Buy Decision

Transformation Plan

Priority Plan

Security Plan

Implementation Roadmap

Priority Setting

Budget Plan
Governance Plan

Tools for Development / Implementation

e.g. Business Process Redesign or Outsourcing

End = Business Transformation

e.g. Information Roadmap

e.g. Design of Application & Components

Interface = Type of Information Exchange

End = Activities to be supported by ICT

Security

IS Alignment Impact

Governance Plan

Selection = Set of ICT Supported Objects

Security Impact

Transformational Level

Level of Inter-Connection

Policy = Business Purpose

Domains = Functional Areas
I/O = Business Resources
End = Information Resources

Quality of Services
Characteristics = Time, Flexibility, Availability,
Security, Maintainability, etc.

Technology Possibilities

Organisational Impact

Guiding Principles
Node = Major Business Location

Abstraction & Precision of Data

Quality of Services
Characteristics = Time, Availability, Security,
Maintainability, etc.
Structure = Interfaces

Business Benefits

When?

TI Portfolio

Activities = Generic or Specific

Activities = Critical / Overhead

Business Knowledge

Physical Level

Responsibility of TI

Application portfolio

Viewpoints = Competition, Value Net, etc.

Business Tasks / Activities

Solution Representation

Business - Technology Enablers

Responsibility of IS

Ends/Means = As-Is / To-Be Business Situation

Business Rules

Logical Level

Business - Technology Enablers

Priority = Dependencies
End = Roadmap for realization

e.g. Blue Print of Technology Implementation

Portfolio of Products and Components.
Catalogues of used Standards
End = Roadmap for implementation

Governance

Caractersticas

Framework posicionado
Historia en planeacin empresarial
Separacin de conceptos
Aspectos categorizados
Aceptacin limitada
Propietario
Perspectiva holstica
Herramienta de comunicacin

NATO Architecture Framework /

C4ISR / DoDAF

Business
Business
Organization
Model
Organization Model

Systems
Systems
ConceptualModel
Model
Conceptual

Software
SoftwareModel
Component

Component Model

Node

Information Flow

Flow
Node
Connectivity
Model InformationDiagram
Diagram
Connectivity Model

Systems
Systems
Logical
Model
Logical
Model

Integration Model

Integration Model

System
System
PhysicalPhysical
Model Model

Implementation
Implementation
Model

Model

Caractersticas

Framework posicionado
Historia en defensa
Alta aceptacin en defensa
Neutral
Perspectiva holstica limitada
Herramienta de planeacin y proceso

Extended Enterprise Architecture

Framework (IFEAD)
Abstraction Levels

Aspect Areas

Why?

Value Net Relations

Cooperating /
Collaborating Elements

Contextual Level

Environmental Level

Business Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Business

Conceptual Level
Level of Business Collaboration

Logical Level
Type of Business Collaboration

Enterprise Priority Plan

Enterprise Budget Plan

Business Culture

Business Resources

Stakeholders / Win-Win Conditions

Quality of Services
Characteristics = Time, Flexibility,
Availability, Security, Maintainability, etc.

Business Commitment

Collaborative Business Goals & Objectives

Business Goals & Objectives, KPIs

Viewpoint = Collaborative Value, etc.

Business Rules

Business Benefits

Enterprise Governance Plan

e.g. Business Process Redesign or Outsourcing

Technology Possibilities

Viewpoint = Business Perspective

End = Business Behaviour

End = Business Outcome / Business Solutions

End = Enterprise Business Transformation

Level of Information Interaction

Type of Information Interaction

Solutions of Information Interaction

Impact of Change

Extended Information Exchange Services

Responsibilities & Competencies

Extended Information Ownership

Ownership of Information

Parties Information Confidentiality

Internal / External Dependencies

Extended Dependencies

Quality of Services
Information Relations

Internal / External Activities in Scope

Activities out of Scope

Information Characteristics

Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements

Information Tasks / Activities

Information Objects & Relations
Information Interaction
Information Flow Characteristics
Information Resources
Information Locations

Type of Information Exchange

Formal / Informal
Grouping of Information Objects
Grouping of Information Resources
Type of Triggers / Events
Grouping of
Information Types

Business Case
Information Systems Roadmap
Security Plan
Selection = Set of ICT Supported Objects

End = Ext. Enterprise Information Exchange

Policy = Business Purpose

Domains = Functional Areas
I/O = Business Resources
End = Information Resources

Viewpoint = Interaction Perspective

End = Information Behaviour

Priority = Dependency of Information

Relation = Information Flow
End = Information Solutions Sets

Interface = Type of Information Exchange

End = Activities to be supported by ICT

Extended Enterprise Interoperability

Level of Interoperability

Type of Interoperability

Solutions for Interoperability

Timeframe of Change

Product-Independent Reference Solution

(PIRS)
IS Functions & behaviour

Standards = IS Interoperability Standards

End = PIRS

Product-Specific Reference Solution (PSRS)

Map PSRM to Product Solutions and
options, etc.
Interface Solutions
Implementation of Quality of Services
Refinement Technical Reference Model
Viewpoints = Selection of a Product Solutions
Structure = Spectrum of Styles & Solutions sets
Quality = Solution Interface Characteristics
End = PSRS

Priority = Dependencies
End = Roadmap for realization

Type of Inter-Connection

Solutions of Inter-Connection

Timeframe of Change

Activities = Generic or Specific

Activities = Critical / Overhead

Information = Generic or Specific

End = Information Situation

Systems Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Information = Critical / Overhead

Enterprise Interoperability Standards

As-Is Information Systems Environment

Enterprise Interoperability Policy

Enterprise Interoperability Governance

Functional Requirements

Business - Technology Enablers

Enterprise Interoperability Quality of

Services (e.g. Security)

Non-Functional Requirements

Choice of Middleware Technologies

Information-Systems Behaviour

Shared & Pluggable IS Services / Solution sets

Enterprise Interface portfolio

End = To-Be Interoperability Definitions

Abstraction & Precision of Data

Quality of Services
Characteristics = Time, Availability,
Security, Maintainability, etc.
Structure = Interfaces

Technology Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Extended Enterprise Inter-Connection

Level of Inter-Connection

Locations in which the Business Operates

Enterprise Inter-Connection Standards

Enterprise Technology Infrastructure policy

Enterprise Inter-Connection Governance

Enterprise Business - Technology Enablers

Enterprise Inter-Connection Quality

of Services (e.g. Security)

Enterprise TI Portfolio

Business Knowledge

End = Business Purpose

Enterprise Information Policy

Enterprise Responsibility of TI

Granularity of Change

Budget of Change

Environmental Dynamics, e.g. Laws

Enterprise Guiding Principles

Solutions of Business Collaboration

Enterprise Transformation Roadmap

Law & Regulations

End = As-Is / To-Be Information-System

landscape

Transformational Level
Enterprise Business Case

Scope of Collaboration

Enterprise Application portfolio

Physical Level

Business Objects

Business Relationships

Enterprise Responsibility of IS

Enterprise Impact

Business Tasks / Activities

Collaboration Contracts, Service Levels

System Development policy

Solution
Representation

When?

Business Area Structure

Role Players / Actors
Value Net Position

Scope of the Collaborative value

Extended Guiding Principles

Extended Enterprise Information Exchange

Logical Representation

With what?

Business Functions structure and relations

Extended Business Drivers

Ends/Means = As-Is / To-Be Collaborative

Environment

How?

Organisation Structure

Program Goals & Objectives

Business Requirements

Activities the Business Performs

Technology Infrastructure

Goals & Objectives

Requirements

Collaborative Value Parties

Viewpoints = Competition, Value Net, etc.

Information
Systems

Extended Enterprise Value Net

What?

Corporate Strategic Plans

Ends/Means = As-Is / To-Be Business Situation

Information

With Who?

Vision / Strategy
Business / Technology
Drivers
Scope

Enterprise Collaboration Principles

Enterprise Inter-Connection portfolio

Enterprise Guiding Principles

Enterprise Inter-Connection Principles

Node = Major Enterprise Business Location

End = To-Be Inter-Connection Definitions

Interface Definitions & Standards

Official & De-facto IS Standards

As-Is Enterprise Infrastructure

TI Principles

Enterprise Technology Standards

Technology Overview

Enterprise Infrastructure Profile

Solutions & Products for Inter-Connection

Functional Requirements

Enterprise Hardware Systems Profile

Non-Functional Requirements

Enterprise Communication Profile

Quality of Services

Enterprise Security Profile

Formats of Communication
Security Integration
Refinement Technical Reference Model

Characteristics = Time, Availability, Security,

Maintainability, etc.
Link = Enterprise Business System Connection
Node = Enterprise Business System Environm.

Enterprise Governance Profile

Technical Reference Model & Standards
Positioning = Allocation of IT Services ~ TRM
Interaction = Concepts of Service Layering

e.g. Information Roadmap

Business Case
Make or Buy Decision
Implementation Roadmap
Tools for Development / Implementation
Governance Plan
Security Impact
e.g. Design of Application & Components

Business Case
Enterprise Transformation Plan
Enterprise Priority Setting
Enterprise IS Alignment Impact

Node = Hardware + System Software, etc.

Connectivity = Middleware / Messaging, etc.

e.g. Blue Print of Technology Implementation

End = Structure of Relations, Products +

Specifications

Catalogues of used Standards

End = Roadmap for Enterprise Implementation

Portfolio of Products and Components.

Caractersticas

Framework posicionado
Historia en frameworks empresariales
Enfocado en la colaboracin
Alta aceptacin
Neutral
Abierto
Perspectiva holstica completa
Herramienta de comunicacin

Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Open Systems Architecture (CIMOSA)
Enterprise

Activity

Information
Constraints

Structure

Function
Material
Resource

Rules
Organisation

User
Input
Function Information resource Organisation
CM-OSA Reference
Architecture

Requirements

Generic Building Blocks

Function Information resource Organisation

CIMOSA

Design

Partial Models

Function Information resource Organisation

Implementation

System
Components

Enterprise
System
Requirements

Enterprise
System
Constraints

Component
Catalogue

Caractersticas

Framework de procesos
Historia en manufactura
Enfocado en vistas
Aceptacin limitada
Iniciativa europea
Perspectva holstica limitada
Herramienta de planeacin de procesos

US - Federal Enterprise
Architecture Framework (FEAF)
Federal
Federal Enterprise
Enterprise Architecture
Architecture (FEA)
(FEA)
Government-wide Performance Measures & Outcomes
Line of Business-Specific Performance Measures & Outcomes

Business Reference Model (BRM)

Lines of Business
Agencies, Customers, Partners

Service Component Reference Model (SRM)

Service Domains, Service Types, Components
Access, Delivery Channels

Data Reference Model (DRM)

Business-focused data standardization
Cross-Agency Information Exchanges

Technical Reference Model (TRM)

Technologies, Standards, Specifications
Component Framework

Component-Based Architecture

Business & Performance-Driven Approach

Performance Reference Model (PRM)

Caractersticas
Framework de referencia para arquitecturas
empresariales
Historia en planeacin de arquitectura empresarial
Estndar del gobierno
Alta aceptacin en el gobierno de USA
Perspectiva holstica
Herramienta de planeacin y comunicacin

US - Treasury Enterprise
Architecture Framework (TEAF)
How, Where, and When

Functional
What, How Much, and
How Frequently

Who and Why

Enabler

Information

Organisational

Infrastructure

Caractersticas

Framework posicionado
Historia en FEAF
Estndar del dpto tesoro nacional de USA
Alta aceptacin por el dpto tesoro nacional de
USA
Perspectiva holstica limitada
Herramienta de planeacin y comunicacin

Togaf

Caractersticas
Metodologa de desarrollo de una arquitectura
empresarial
Historia de defensa
Estndar abierto
Neutral
Alta aceptacin
Perspectiva holstica
Herramienta de planeacin y procesos

EUP

ndice
Frameworks
Alineacin estratgica
Mapas estratgicos

Problemas

Cul es la visin de la empresa?

Cul es la misin de la empresa?
Se tiene un plan estratgico corporativo?
La tecnologa se considera estratgica en la empresa?
Se cuenta con un plan estratgico de tecnologa?
Se tiene una definicin de la arquitectura de
informacin?

Problemas
La tecnologa soporta las necesidades de la
empresa?
Las personas ven a la tecnologa como un
habilitador para el negocio?
Esta la tecnologa alineada con las
necesidades del negocio?
Cmo se determina si la tecnologa se
encuentra alineada con el negocio?

Enfoque estratgico
Objetivo estratgico

Enfoque comn
Estrategia del negocio
Estrategia

Estrategia de IT

Habilitar IT

Gap

Integracin IT
Administracin de IT

Planeacin tctica de IT

Tecnologa

Infraestructura de IT

Problemas
Para alinear IT con el negocio se debe
entender hacia donde va el negocio
Que se va a hacer para llegar a donde el
negocio quiere

Enfoque optimizado
Alineacin
Gestin del
negocio
Entrega
Del servicio

Gobierno

Rendimiento/
Medicin

Seguridad/
Confidencialidad

Calidad de
los datos

Sistemas core
empresariales

Competencias y
Habilidades
en tecnologa

Continuidad
del negocio

Tecnologas
emergentes
Sourcing/
Contratos
Organizacin
habilidades

Mercadeo

Presupuesto

Soporte

Enfoque estratgico
Entender
estrategia del
negocio

Cul es el futuro de la compaa?

Objetivos
del negocio

Plan estratgico
del negocio

Qu es lo que se quiere hacer?

Analizar el
portafolio de los
objetivos de IT

Preparar el
plan estratgico

Cmo puede IT ayudar a

lograr estos objetivos?

Visin de IT

Identificar la
visin de IT
Determinar los
objetivos
estratgicos

Objetivos
de IT

Que clase de organizacin se quiere ser en 3 5 aos

Iniciativas
estratgicas de IT
Cuales son las principales iniciativas para llevar a la visin de IT

Retorno de la inversin
Riesgos

Portafolio de
actividades
de IT

Recursos

Road Map

Internos
Externos
Prioridades

Plan estratgico
de IT

Presupuesto

Enfoque estratgico
Objetivo estratgico

Objetivo IT

Preguntas
La tecnologa soporta las necesidades de la
empresa?
Las personas ven a la tecnologa como un
habilitador para el negocio?
Esta la tecnologa alineada con las
necesidades del negocio?
Cmo se determina si la tecnologa se
encuentra alineada con el negocio?

Enfoque estratgico
Objetivo IT

Iniciativas TI

ndice
Frameworks
Alineacin estratgica
Mapas estratgicos

Mapas estratgicos
Permiten mostrar una alineacin formal entre los
objetivos de TI con los objetivos del negocio
Permiten medir el impacto en los resultados de
TI en los resultados del negocio
Permite determinar el valor de los activos
intangibles ( Organizacin, gente e informacin)

Perspectivas

Financiera
Cliente
Interna
Aprendizaje y crecimiento

Mapa estratgico
Perspectiva
financiera

Estrategia de
productividad
Mejorar la
estructura de costos

Perspectiva
del cliente

Precio

Estrategia de
Crecimiento de utilidades

Aumentar la
utilizacin de los activos

Expandir las
oportunidades de utilidad

Calidad Disponibilidad Seleccin Funcionalidad

Atributos Producto / servicio

Perspectiva
Interna

Proceso de
administracin
de la operacin

Servicio

Proceso de
Innovacin

Proceso
regulatorio y
sociales

Talento humano
Portafolio
estratgico de IT

TI
Aplicaciones
transaccionales

Alianzas

Relaciones

Proceso de
administracin
de los clientes

Perspectiva
De aprendizaje
y crecimiento

Enfocar el valor
a los clientes

Aplicaciones
analticas

Infraestructura
tecnolgica

Marca
Imagen

Mapa estratgico
Perspectiva
financiera

Perspectiva
del cliente

Estrategia de

Precio

Estrategia de

Calidad Disponibilidad Seleccin Funcionalidad

Atributos Producto / servicio

Perspectiva
Interna

Proceso de
.

Alianzas

Relaciones

Proceso de
.

Proceso de
.

Talento humano

Perspectiva
De aprendizaje
y crecimiento

Servicio

Portafolio
estratgico de IT

TI

Proceso de

Marca
Imagen

AE, estrategia y TI
La arquitectura empresarial es la cohesin entre
la tctica y la estrategia
La arquitectura empresarial asegura que las
iniciativas de TI son coherentes entre ellas
La alineacin de TI con el negocio asegura que
la arquitectura se enfocar los elementos que
ms valor le generan a la empresa

AE, estrategia y TI
La alineacin estratgica enfoca los esfuerzos
de TI y del equipo de arquitectura empresarial
La alineacin de TI con el negocio facilita
determinar el alcance de la arquitectura
empresarial:

Alcance empresarial
Dominios de arquitectura a considerar
Nivel de detalle que se requiere
Horizonte de tiempo

Referencias
Javier Mayorga.
jmayorg@gmail.com

Referencias
Togaf V9