Dear Ali,

Pay attention that you have to depend on semantics and

pragmatics to know the function of these adverbials since
that structure is not enough to do so. The three examples
of advs are separated by commas so how to know each!
ADJUNCTS
First of all adjunct adverb is integrated in the clause
structure, that it cannot appear initially in a negative
declarative clause, and it can be the focus of negation.
(by the way they are either predication adjuncts which
modify the verb phrase or sentence adjuncts which modify
the whole clause)
The function of adjunct adverbials is to modify the verb
together with its complements. An adjunct may be removed
without the structural identity of the rest of the
construction being affected, e.g. John kicked the ball
yesterday instead of John kicked the ball. But, in
certain cases adjuncts cannot be omitted, for example the
adjunct of place in She put the book on the shelf.
Compare linking adverbial; sentence adverbial
Look Ali .......Adjunct adverbials are those expressions
that answer the questions How? When? Where? Why? How many
times? How long? How often? They describe manner, time,
place, cause, frequency, duration.
See that these adverbials are all adjuncts
a) manner: How? ( look Ali I can ask how fast how well )
well, fast, quickly, seriously, carefully, with
enthusiasm
b) time: When? ( see Ali how I can ask with when for
Monday, tomorrow)
tomorrow, on Monday, in ten days, after I die
c) place: Where?
here, there, downtown, in the house, where he was born
d) cause or reason: Why?
for many reasons, on account of the snow, because he was
sick
e) frequency: How often? How many times? twice a day,
monthly, never
f) duration: How long?
for two hours, while they were on vacation
They can be:
g)Prepositional Phrase (PP)

in ten days, for decades, in the park, on Tuesday, for no

reason, with enthusiasm
h) Noun Phrase (NP)
Monday, this year, last month, two hours, home, upstairs
i) Adverbial Phrase (AdvP)
tomorrow, yesterday, here, there, twice, monthly,
enthusiastically
j) S (Sentence)
when I arrived , while you were away, after they came
back, since you moved.
PLEASE, see 8:4 /8:5/ 8:6, 7,8,9,10,11. For more detail
on Adjuncts
DISJUNCT
They denote the speakers judgment or attitude toward what
is said in S, such as expressing the speakers degree of
truthfulness or manner of speaking. They modify the
entire S, not just the VP. They are traditionally called
Sentence Adverbials.
e.g
Frankly, I dont care.
Personally, I dont agree with what they said.
Some of this type of adverbial are
1-Adverbial Phrase (AdvP)
seriously, luckily, frankly, hopefully, personally,
oddly, confidentially, certainly, sadly
2-Prepositional Phrase (PP)
to my regret, in all frankness, to my surprise, in broad
terms, between you and me.
Sentence adverbials characteristically modify an entire
sentence or comment on its probability, desirability or
style. They are often set off with commas at the
beginning and end of a clause: e.g
a-Surprisingly, George passed.
b-Fortunately, I wore my raincoat.
c- Frankly, I'd rather be in Philadelphia.
PLEASE, see 8:47, 48,49,50,51,52 for more details on
disjuncts
CONJUNCTS
They express textual relations such as linking clauses.
They have a linking function within clauses.

Some of this type are:

A-AdvP: moreover, however, nevertheless, furthermore,
next, finally, consequently, therefore, thus, instead,
besides, hence.
B-PP: in addition, in conclusion, on the one hand, on the
other hand, for example, on the contrary, in other words,
for example, as a result, in the first place.
Conjunctive adverbs link two items together in meaning,
but they are not considered strong enough to join two
independent clauses together with only a comma, as true
coordinating conjunctions.
The conjunctive adverb itself needs to be set off with at
least commas. A period will also suffice as half of the
enclosure when the adverb is at the beginning or end of
the next sentence:
e.g The vice president missed the deer. However, he did
manage to wound Homer.
The vice president missed the deer. He did manage to
wound Homer, however.
When the conjunctive adverb is in the middle of a clause,
however, it needs commas both before and after, If the
two clauses involved are independent clauses, they must
still be separated by a period or semi-colon.
e.g The vice president missed the deer; he did, however,
manage to wound homer.
When one of the clauses joined is a subordinate clause,
the conjunctive adverb must still be set off, but the
clauses themselves can be joined by a comma:
e.g -When the conjunctive adverb is in the middle of a
clause, however, it needs commas both before and after.
- When the vice president missed the deer, he did,
however, manage to wound Homer.
PLEASE, see 8:53,54,55,56 for more details on conjuncts
Tell me if they are still equivocal