Basic

Matrix Manipulation with a TI89/TI92/Voyage 200

Often,amatrixmaybetoolargeortoocomplextomanipulatebyhand.Forthesetypesofmatrices,we
canemploythehelpofgraphingcalculatorstosolvethem.
Throughoutthedirections,calculatorbuttonswitharrowsindicatetheoperationorder.Tolearnmore
aboutyourTI89,TI92,orVoyage200,consultthemanufacturersproductmanual.
IwillbeusingtheTI89graphingcalculatorforthesedirections.TheTI92andVoyage200arevirtuallythe
same,yetthemenusmaybeslightlydifferentduetotheirwiderdisplays.Also,thekeyboardsaredifferent
betweenthesecalculators,soyouwillneedtoadjustthedirectionsaccordingly.IwillbeutilizingtheApps
Desktopavailableinthelatestfirmwareforthesethreecalculators.Ifitisnotturnedonbydefault,press
3andscrollallthewaydowntothelastsetting.TurnontheAppsDesktopandpresstosave
thechange.

Inputting/Editing Matrices:

Beforewecanworkwithmatrices,wemustfirstinputthemintothe
calculator.ToentertheMatrixEditor,scrollovertotheData/Matrix
EditoriconontheAppsDesktopandpress.

Sincewewanttoenteranewmatrix,scrolldowntoNewandpress
.

TheData/MatrixEditorallowsustoinputintotheTI89morethanjust
matrices.Wecanalsoenterlistsanddata(essentiallyamatrixwithout
fixeddimensions).

Letssaywewanta3x2matrix.WefirstneedtotelltheEditorthatwe
wanttoinputamatrix.AttheTypeoption,presstheBarrowkey,select
Matrixandpress.PresstheDarrowkeytwicetoVariableand
presstotypeana.PresstheDarrowkeytoRowdimension.Since,
thecalculatorisstillinalphalockfromtheVariablebox,pressjonce
toexitthatlock.NowpressDtoenterthematrixdimensions.
Pressoncetoconfirmthecolumndimension,thenagaintocreate
thematrix.

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH

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Youshouldnowhavethisscreen.Asyoucansee,wehavea3x2matrix
filledwithzeros.Toinputyourownmatrix,typeineachelementofthe
4 2
matrixrowbyrow.Thatis,toenterthematrix 1 3 ,type:y
8 7
nm
.

Andthisiswhatyoushouldhave.Beforewecanusethismatrix,weneed
tofirstexittheData/MatrixEditor.Todothis,donotpressM!
PressingMwillremovetheselectednumber.Instead,pressthe"
buttontoexittotheHomescreen,ortheObuttontoreturntothe
AppsDesktop.

Toeditthematrix,returntotheData/MatrixEditor,butthistimeselect
Open.ChangethetypetoMatrix,makesureaistheselected
variable,andpress.Thematrixawillnowbedisplayedforediting.
Remembertoalwayspress"orOtoexittheEditor!

Whatifweneedtochangethematrixdimensions?Afteropeningthe
matrix,press2todisplaytheUtilitiesmenuandscrolldownto
ResizeMatrix;press.Typeinthenewdimensionsandpress
toapplythem.

Adding and Subtracting Matrices:

Entertwomatricesintothecalculatorasshownabove,oneasaandthe
4 2
1 2
otherasb.Forthisexample,a= 1 3 andb= 3 4 .Makesureyou
8 7
5 6
areattheHomescreenwhileusingmatricesincomputations.

Toaddthesetwomatricestogether,dothefollowing:
j(fora)jc(forb)

Ifdonecorrectly,youshouldseethisscreen.

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH

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Subtractingmatricesissimilar,excepttypeasubtractionsigninsteadofan
additionsign.

(Remember,matricesmustbethesamedimensioninordertoaddor
subtractthem.Thecalculatorwillreturnanerrorifthedimensionsarenot
thesame.)

Multiplying Matrices:
MatrixmultiplicationiseasyontheTI89.Forscalarmultiplication,multiply
thenumbertimesthematrixjustlikemultiplyingtwonumberstogether.
Forexample,tomultiply3timesthematrixa,type:pj
A.
Multiplyingtwomatricestogetherisjustaseasy.However,rememberto
havethecorrectmatrixdimensions,otherwisethecalculatorwillgivea
4 2
1 2 5
Dimensionerror.Forthisexample,a= 1 3 andb=
.Try
3 4 5
8 7
duplicatingmyscreenbymultiplyingaandbtogether.
Noticethatifthescalarisafraction,theTI89willreturnfractionsinthe
answer.Ifdecimalsaredesired,pressaftertheinitial
multiplication.

UnlikesomeotherTIgraphingcalculatorswithmatrices,theTI89
understandsb/2tobethesameas(1/2)b.

Calculating the Inverse:

5 1
asmatrixcintotheTI89.
3 8
(Ofcoursethematrixmustbesquare,otherwisethecalculatorwillreturna
Dimensionerror).Press"toexittotheHomescreen.
Tocalculateamatrixinverse,firstinput

PressjCZ.

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH

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Gaussian and GaussJordan Elimination:

Letsusethesetwomethodstosolvethefollowingsystemofequations:

8
7

2
3
2

4
14 1
3
2

8
7
3

1
3
2

2
14
3

Inputtheaugmentedmatrixasmatrixa.
Press"toexittheEditor.Letsfirsttrysolvingthesystemusingthe
GaussianEliminationmethod.Press2ztoenterthecalculators
Mathmenu.ScrolldowntoMatrix,presstheBarrowkey,andselectthe
ref(command(RowEchelonForm).Presstopastethe
commandtotheHomescreen.
TypejAdtorunthecommandonmatrixa.Ifa
appearsintheanswer,thismeansthatthematrixextendsbeyondthe
calculatorsscreen;selecttheanswerandusetheAandBarrowkeysto
scrollthematrix.

Notethatifyouswaprows,thematrixgivenbytheref(commandmay
notmatchthematrixobtainedbyperformingtheGaussianeliminationby
hand.Thatisfine;thefinalsolutionwillstillbethesame.
NowletstrytheGaussJordaneliminationmethod.Ifyouhavecalculated
thismethodbyhand,thenyouknowthattheanswerwillbeobtainedat
theend.ThesameappliestotheTI89.

Press2ztoreturntotheMathmenu,butthistimescrolldownto
therref(command(ReducedRowEchelonForm),directlybelowref(.
PresstopastethecommandtotheHomescreen.

TypejAdtorunthecommandonmatrixa.
Therewego!Thesolutiontooursystemofequationsis(3,1,6).

Nowwhatifwehaveadependentorinconsistentsystem?Therref(
commandwillstillworkontheaugmentedmatricesofthesesystems,but
withdifferentresultsthanabove.Foradependentsystem,amatrixwith
thelastrowallzeroswouldbereturned(firstpictureontheright).Foran
inconsistentsystem,amatrixwouldbereturnedwherethelastrow
containsallzerosexceptforafinalelementof1(secondpictureonthe
right).

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH

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Determinants:
4 2 1
Inputthismatrixasmatrixainthecalculator: 5 7 2
1
3 5
Tocalculatethedeterminantofa,press2ztoenterthe
calculatorsMathmenu,scrolldowntoMatrix,presstheBarrowkeyand
selectthedet(command.Presstopastethecommandtothe

Homescreen.TypejAdtorunthecommandon
matrixa.Thatsit!Thedeterminantofthismatrixis96.

Transpose:

4 2 1
Letscalculatethetransposeof 5 7 2 .Ifitisnottherealready,input
1
3 5
thismatrixasainthecalculator.Pressjtotypeaonthe
Homescreen,thengobacktotheMathmenu,entertheMatrixsubmenu
andselectthefirstcommand.Presstopastethecommandtothe
screen,andthenagaintorunthecommand.

Deleting Matrices from the Calculator:

DeletingmatricesfromtheTI89isnottoohard,butwemustbecareful.
Wewillbeenteringanareaofthecalculatorwherewecouldpossibly
deletesomethingthatwedidnotintendto.First,press2
(abovethe|key).UsetheCandDarrowkeystoselectthematrixyou
wanttodelete,andthenpressthe0key.PresstoconfirmorN
tocancel.Makesuretopress"toreturntotheHomescreen.

DepartmentofMathematics,SinclairCommunityCollege,Dayton,OH

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