(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

.. 2554-2557

2558

1
l

2

l

2

l

3


l
5

l
5

l
6

l
7

l

8


l

9

l

15

l

18


l

19

l

20



l


l


l

l

22
23
25
28


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

2557
38.4 22.1 57.6
16.3 42.4
12.5 56.9

()


6

1.



2.

3.



4.

5.




6.

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

3

1.




2.


3.

2
1.


2.

1. (Insecticides)
4
1.1 (Organophosphates)
(Malathion) (Fenitrothion)
1.2 (Carbamates) (Carbaryl)
(Carbofuran) (Methomyl)
1.3 (Organochlorines) (DDT)
(Dieldrin)
1.4 (Pyrethroids) (Deltamethrin)
(Permethrin)

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

1 /
.. 2554 - 2557

2 /
.. 2554 - 2557

2554 - 2557
32.08 2557

(.1-56)

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

- (pH)
(
Bromthymol blue )

(
)

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

(Biggs method) Paired t-test

(P<0.01)
99 %
(sensitivity) 89.89
(specificity) 95.65 (positive predicted value) 94.59


(sensitivity) 77.04 (specificity)
90.01 (positive predicted value) 90.38


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

(screening test)


1.

2.

(slide) (lancet)
() (hematocrit capillary
tube) 70% (forceps)
(rack) /

-

10

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

70%

12

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

3.4

15,000 5

0.5 - 2 (
)

3.5
1)


()


2)
1

3) (
)
4)

5)

3.6
1)
4 - 7



(false negative)
2)


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

13

25 C 7
35 C 6
40 C 5
45 C 4

1. 70% 2. /

3. Heparin
4.
45

5.

6.

8.
7.

9. 10.

14

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

4.
1)
2)

3)


5.
1)
25
37


2)

3)
4)

5)

6)

7)
40
8)
9)



6.

(PET)
( 4-8 )
2


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

15

4-8 ()

(Neurotransmitter)



(Biomarker)

/
(Thai Biological Exposure Indices: Thai BEIs) 1
70%
(Cholinesterase activity in red blood cells 70% of individuals
baseline)

16

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

1 (Acetylcholineesterase
Inhibitor)

(fluoride) (Lead)
1
(Copper) (Zinc)

(Cadmium) (Mercury)

3 - 7
(Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine 7
Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Metrifonate) 70

(Physostigmine, Dyflos, Ecothiopate)

(Edrophonium, Edrophonium 10
Neostigmine,Pyridostigmine)
Neostigmine
1 - 2
Pyridostigmine 0.5 - 5

1.4 3.6
[Diabetes Mellitus Type II (*)]
(Flavonoid) 9 - 12



4 - 5
(Mitragynine)

Galanthamine, Morphine, Codeine,

Dilaudid, Desomorphine
(Temperature

(Hypothermia)
: (*) (Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type II)


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

17

2 (Acetylcholineesterase
Activator)

(Ca) (Mg)
(Mn) (Sodium)

[Diabetes Mellitus Type II (*)]

(Laurel Clockvine)

(Temperature (Hyperthermia) & Fever)
: (*) (Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,
type II)

18

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

20
-605 ()
( )

()




(biomarker of exposure)
(biomarker of effect)

2 (
)

(Alkyl Phosphate)

oxidation
hydrolysis





2 3
1 - 5
24


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

19

1. (Cholinesterase activity
determination)

(Colorimetric method)
Ellman

(Microplate reader)
1.1 Manometric method

1.2 Potentiometric methods

-
1.3 Titrimetric methods Potentiometric methods

-
1.4 Photometric methods

Spectrophotometric Ellmans assay

1.5 Fluorometric methods

Colorimetric 100
1.6 Mass spectrometry
HPLC/MS
1.7 Polarographic methods

1.8 Radio isotopic method
3H 14C (H) (C)

20

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

1.9 Biosensors
( )
(Transducer)

2. (Alkyl Phosphate)

() Gas Chromatography (GC)


(mobile phase)
(carrier) (stationary phase)

GC

1.


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

21

/







/

2.




2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

22

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

1.

2.



3.

1.


2.

3.

4.


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

23

Q :
A :

Q :
A : ()
( 4
)
2

Q : ( )
A : 2
1.
2.

Q :


A :

2
Q :
A :
4-8
4-8

24

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

Q :
A : 2
4-8 ()
Q :
A : 7

1.
2.
3.

Q : Slide
A : 2-3 (
)
Q :
A : 1.

2. 1
Q :
A : 1.


2.

Q :
A :
1.
2.

3.


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

25

2556
2 - 3 120 - 200
3 500 - 1
3

-

-

-



5-7 1 4 - 5
6 1 1
7 6
1 1 7

1010.4/13331
22 2558

26

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

, 2553
9

90-95 %
1. () 1
1 (20 ) 15

60-84%
2. 5 %
1:10 0.5 % ( 1
10 ) 10-15

3.
25-63 %
2
4.
27-72 %
5- 15
5.
48-50 %
6. 1 4 10
35-50 %

7. 20-30 4 10
35-43 %

8. 10
35 43 %
9. 1 4 10
27 38 %


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

27

( Thai PAN)

3

1)

2) 10-15


3)
( 26 2558
)

28

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

. ()
[]. http://www.thaipan.
org/sites/default/ files/file/3.10_ankana.pdf [9 2558]
.
[]. : ; 2550.
.
: . 1 :
; 2556
. .
3 : ; 2551
. : . 2543;
8 (2-3); 211 - 220
________ . []. http://webhost.cpd.go.th/
nikomcbd/download/1..pdf [12 2558]
________ . []. http://www.greennet.or.th/node/
265 [12 2558]
________ . []. http://tmri.dtam.moph.go.th/heab/rangged.php
[5 2558]
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of nicotine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: role of alpha4 and alpha7 receptors in
neuroprotection. J Mol Neurosci. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2015 August 1]: 40(1-2):211-6.
doi: 10.1007/s12031-009-9236-1.
Allam AR, Sridhar G R, Thota H, Babu CS, Prasad AS, Divakar Ch. Alzheimers disease
and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the cholinesterase connection?. Lipids Health Dis 2006;
5: 28. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-5-28
Askar K A, Kudi C, Moody A J. Comparison of two storage methods for the analysis of
cholinesterase activities in food animals. Enzyme Res. 2010; 1: 1-11.
olovi MB, Krsti DZ, Lazarevi-Pati TD, Bondi AM, Vasi VM.


(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

29

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology. Curr Neuropharmacol

[Internet].2013[cited 2015 august 1]; 11(3): 315335. Available from: http://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648782/.
Ellman G L, Courtney K D, Andres V, Featherstone, R M. A new and rapid colorimetric
determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961; 7(2): 88-90.
Gordon CJ. Temperature and Toxicology: An Integrative, Comparative, and Environmental
Approach. 1st ed. Florida: CRC Press; [Internet] 2005 [cited 2015 Feb 12]. Available from:
http://www.amazon.com/Temperature-Toxicology-Integrative-Comparative-Environmental-ebook/dp/B001GAQ48U
Holas O, Musilek K, Pohanka M Kuca K. The progress in the cholinesterase quantification
methods. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2012; 7(12):1207-23.
Jewad A M , Yasser OM, Nabi Awad N A. Evaluation of Serum Cholinesterase Activity,
Lipid Peroxidation and Lipids Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Iraqi National Journal
of Chemistry [Internet]. 2011, [cited 2015 Feb 16]; 42: 283-8 http://www.docstoc.com/
docs/151567697/Evaluation-of-Serum-Cholinesterase-Activity_-Lipid-Peroxidation-and
Krupka RM; Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, London, Ontario.
Fluoride Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase. 1966; Abstract; Academic Press.
McGleenon B M, Dynan K B, Passmore A P. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimers
disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 1999; 48(4): 471480. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00026.x.
Sim MK, Chua ME. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by various opioids.Clin Exp Pharmacol
Physiol. [Internet]. 1986 [cited 2015 august 1]; 3(2):159-62. Available from http://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2940040
Steven Gilbert. Cholinesterase Inhibitor [Internet]; Toxipedia [updated 2014 May 16;
cited 2015 Feb 12]. Available from: http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/
Cholinesterase+Inhibitor.
Tomlinson G, Mutus B, McLennan I.Activation and inactivation of acetylcholinesterase by
metal ions. Can J Biochem. [Internet]. 1981 [cited 2015 August 1]: 59(9): 728-35. Available
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/7317819.

30

(Cholinesterase reactive paper)

1. . .


2.



3. ..

4.

5.



6.

()

1.

2. .

3. .

4.

5.

6.

7.

1.

2.