CHAPTER - 3

MATRICES
1. Construct a 2 3 matrix A , 3 2 matrix B , whose elements are given by aij
2 3 5
2. If A 1 4 5 and B

1 3 4

(i 2 j )2
.
2

1 3 5
1 3 5 , show that AB BA O .
3 3

1 3 5

2 3
1 0
3. If A
and I
, then (i) find , so that A2 A I

1 2
0 1
(ii) prove A3 4 A2 A O .

cos
4. (a) If A
sin
cos
(b) If A
i sin

sin
cos 2 sin 2
, then show that A2

.
cos
sin 2 cos 2
i sin
cos n
, then prove by mathematical induction that An

cos
i sin n

1 n
1 1 1
(c) If A 0 1 1 , prove by mathematical induction that An 0 1

0 0
0 0 1

i sin n
, n N
cos n

n( n 1)
2

n , n N
1

5. Express the following matrices as the sum of symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix:

3 4
(a)

1 1

6 1 5
(d) 2 5 4
3 3 1

3 1 0
(b) 2 0 3
1 1 2

1 3 5
(c) 6 8 3
4 6 5

2 2 4
(e) A 1 3
4
1 2 3

2 3 1
(f) A 1 1 2
4 1 2

2 0 1
2 1 1
,
B

6. (a) Find the matrix C , such that A B C is a zero matrix, where A

0 2 1 .
3 1 0

1 2
3 2
, B
(b) Find a matrix X such that 2 A B X 0 , where A

.
3 4
1 5
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2
8 0

2 ' B 4 2 , find X .
5 1
3 6
2

(c) If 2 A 3 X 5 B , where A 4

4 4 7
3 2 1
and X 2Y

.
7 3 4
1 1 2

(d) Find X and Y , if 2 X Y

7. From the following equation, find the values of x and y :

x
(a) 2
7

5 3 4 7 14

y 3 1 2 15 14

x 10
(b)
0

y 2 2 y 3 x 4

4 0

y 5 y
2

1 2
2 1
3 1
,B
and C
8. If A

, verify that :
2 3
2 3
2 0
(i ) ( A B )' A' B '

(ii ) ( AB)' B ' A '

(iii ) ( AB )C A( BC )

(iv ) A( B C ) AB AC

4 1
, find f ( A) if f ( x) x 2 2 x 3 .
9. (a) If A

3 2
3 4
, find f ( A) if f ( x) x 2 5 x 7
(b) A

4 3
3 4
(c) If A
, find a matrix B such that AB I .
1 2
2 3
3
2
(d) If A
, prove that A 4 A A 0 .
1
2

1 0
, find k such that A2 8 A kI 0.
(e) If A

1 7

3 5
2
1
3
(f) If A
, prove that A 5 A 14I 0. Hence obtain A and A .

4
2

2 3
10. (a) If A
, find the matrix B such that A2 BA 3I

1 2

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 3 1
(b) If A
, find x and y such that A2 xI yA . Hence find A1 .

7 5
1 1
2 1 3
and B 0 2 , verify that ( AB) ' B ' A '.
11. (a) If A

4 1 0
5 0

2 4
5 4
and
B

(b) If A

3 2 , verify that ( AB)' B ' A '.

3 5

2 0 1
12. If A 5 1 0 , prove that A1 A2 6 A 11 I
0 1 3
13. Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the following matrices:

2 1
(a) A

4 7

2 3
(b) A

3 4

1 2 3
2 1 4

(c) A 2 5 7 (d) A 4 0 2
2 4 5
3 2 7

SOME MORE PROBLEMS

cos2
Q1. Prove that the product of the matrices
cos sin
is a null matrix, when and differ by an odd multiple of
2 1
Q2. Find the matrix A such that 1 0 A
3 4

cos 2
cos sin
cos sin
and

2
sin
sin 2
cos sin

.
2

1 8 10
1 2 5 .

9 22 15

1 2 x
1 2 y

Q3. If A 0 1 0 and B 0 1 0 and AB I 3 , what is the value of x y ?

0 0 1
0 0 1

1 1
a 1
2
,
B

Q4. If A
and A B A2 B 2 , what is the value of a and b ?

2 1
b 1

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0 1
0 1
and B
Q5. If A
, prove that A B A B A2 B 2

1 0
1 0
3 4
2 1 2
2
Q6. If A 1 1 and B
, then verify BA B 2 A2 .

1 2 4
2 0
2 1 1
t
Q7. Find the integral values of x , x 4 1 1 0 0 x 4 1 0 .
2 2 4

1 2 x
Q8. If 2 x 3
0 , find the value of x .
3 0 8
Q9. If A2 A I 0 , then what is the inverse of A ?
Q10. If A is a square matrix such that A2 I , then what is A1 ?

2 3
1
Q11. If A
be such that A kA , then what is the value of k ?
5

x 0
1 0
2
and B
Q12. If A

, find the value(s) of x for which A B .

1
1
5
1

2 0 7 x 14 x 7 x
Q13. Find the value of x : 0 1 0 0
1
0 is equal to an identity matrix.
1 2 1 x 4 x 2 x

1 i j , i j

Q14. Construct a 3x3 matrix A aij whose elements are given by aij i 2 j
,i j

2
1 2 2
Q15. If A 2 1 2 is a matrix satisfying AAT 9 I 3 , Find a and b .
a 2 b
0 2 y z
Q16. Find x , y , z if A x y z satisfies AT A1 .
x y z

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Q17. In a departmental store, a customer X purchase 2 packets of tea, 4 kg of rice and 5 dozen oranges.
Customer Y purchases 1 packet of tea, 5 kg of of rice and 24 oranges. Price of one pack of tea is Rs. 54,
1 kg of rice is Rs. 22 and that of 1 dozen oranges is Rs. 24. Use matrix multiplication method and
calculate each individual bill.
Q18.

If

n
A
0
n

1
A
, 0 ,
0

then

prove

by

principle

of

mathematical

induction

that

n n 1
n N .
n

1 1 1
Q19. If A 2 1 0 , show that A1 A2 .
1 0 0

2 3
Q20. Show that A
satisfy equation x 2 6 x 17 0 . Hence find A1 .

3 4

1 0
0 1
Q21. If A
, show that aA bB aA bB a 2 b 2 A .
and B

0 1
1 0

0 x
0 1
2
Q22. If A
,B
and x 2 1 , then show that A B A2 B 2 .

x 0
1 0
Q23. If f x

f x

1 x

, prove that f x f y
1 x2 x 1
1

x y
f
, where x 1 . Hence deduce that
1 xy

f x .

Q24. To raise money for an orphanage, students of three schools A, B and C organized an exhibition in
their locality, where they sold paper-bags, scrap-books and pastel-sheets made by them using recycled
paper, at the rate of Rs. 20, Rs. 15 and Rs. 5 per unit respectively. School A sold 25 paper-bags, 12
scrap-books and 34 pastel sheets. School B sold 22 paper-bags, 25 scrap-books and 28 pastel sheets

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while School C sold 26 paper-bags, 18 scrap-books and 36 pastel sheets. Using matrices, find the total
amount raised by each school.
By such exhibitions, which values are inculcated in the students?
Q25. Three schools A, B and C want to award their selected students for the values of Honesty,
Regularity and Hard work. Each school decided to award a sum of Rs. 2500, Rs. 3100 and Rs. 5100 per
student for the respective values. The number of students to be awarded by the three schools is given
below in the table.
Values/School

Honesty

Regularity

Hard Work

Find the total money given in awards by the three schools respectively, using matrices.
Q26. Three schools A, B and C organized a mela for collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of
flood victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and plates from recycled materials at a cost of Rs. 25, Rs.
100 and Rs. 50 each. The numbers of articles sold are given below.
School/Article

Handmade fans

40

25

35

Mats

50

40

50

Plates

20

30

40

Find the fund collected by each school separately by selling the above articles. Also find the total fund
collected for the purpose. Write one value generated by the above situation.
Q27. To promote the making of toilets for women, an organization tried to generate awareness through
(i) house calls (ii) letters and (iii) announcements. The cost for each mode per attempt is given below:
(i) Rs. 50

(ii) Rs. 20

(iii) Rs. 40

The number of attempts made in three villages X, Y and Z are given below:
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Village

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

400

300

100

300

250

75

500

400

150

Find the total cost incurred by the organization for the three villages separately.

Q28. Ishan wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for a school in his village. When he was asked to
give dimensions of the plot, he told that if its length is decreased by 50 m and breadth is increased by 50
m, then its area will remain same, but if length is decreased by 10 m and breadth is decreased by 20 m,
then its area will decrease by 5300 m2 . Using matrices, find the dimensions of the plot. Also give
reason why he wants to donate the plot for a school.
Q29. The monthly incomes of Aryan and Babban are in the ratio 3 : 4 and their monthly expenditures
are in the ratio 5 : 7. If each saves Rs. 15,000 per month, find their monthly incomes using matrix
method. This problem reflects which value?

1 0 2

Q30. If A 0 2 1 and A3 6 A2 7 A kI 3 O , find k .

2 0 3

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 3 MATRICES

Q1. If aij i j , then A aij 3 4 is:

1 2 3 4
(a) 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11

2 3 4 5
(b) 3 4 5 6
4 5 6 7

a b 2 6 2
Q2. If
5 8 , then a , b is:
5
ab

(a) 2, 4 , 4, 2
(b) 3,3 , 3, 4
2
Q3. If A 1
2
7
(a) 7
3

2 3 4 5
(c) 4 5 6 7
6 7 8 9

(c) 2, 2 , 1,1

3 4
2
5 1

0 6 , B 6 1 4 then 2 A 3 B is:
5 3 4
1 5
4 3
19 6 8
11 3 14

(b) 12 6 2
(c) 16 3
1 10
0
10 4 1
19 7 22
4 1

(d) none of these

(d) none of these

(d) none of these

Q4. If A aij mn and B bij pq and AB BA , then

(a) n p

(b) n p , m q

(c) m n p q

(d) m q

Q5. If A is of order 2 3 and B is of order 3 2 , then the order of AB is:

(a) 3 3

(b) 2 2

(c) 3 2

(d) 2 3

(c) 16A

(d) 32 A

(c) I 2

(d) none of these

2 0 2
Q6. If A 0 2 0 , then value of A5 is:
0 0 2

(a) 5 A

ab
Q7. If A 2
a
(a) 0

(b) 10A

b2
2
, then value of A is:
ab
(b) I 2

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2 1
0 4
and B
Q8. If A
, then value of 3 A2 2 B I is:

3 2
1 7
4 20
(a)

38 10

4 20
(c)

18 15

(b) 0

(d) none of these

4 3
Q9. If A
and A2 xA yI 0 , then x , y is:

2 5
(a) 3, 7
(b) 9,14
(c) 5,14

(d) 3,14

2 3
2
Q10. If A
, then 6 A 6 A is equal to:

2
4

(a) I
(b) 2I

(d) 4A

(c) 3I

Q11. If A is a square matrix, then AAT AT A is:

(a) Unit matrix
(b) null matrix
(c) symmetric matrix

(d) skew-symmetric matrix

x 2
0
Q12. If A
is a skew-symmetric matrix, then x is equal to:
0
2x 3
(a) 1/ 3
(b) 5
(c) 3

(d) 1

4 3
2 1
and A B
Q13. If A and B are 2 2 square matrices and A B

, then AB ?
1 6
5 2
7 5
7 5
7 1
7 1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

1 5
1 5
5 5
5 5
2 x 0
1 0
1
and
A

Q14. If A

1 2 , then x ?
x x

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c)

3 2 4 1
Q15. If A

, then A ?
1 1 2 3
1 1
1 1
(a)
(b)

1 1
1 1
2 3
1
Q16. If A
, then A ?
1
1

1
(a) 5
(b)
5

1
2

(d) 2

1 1
(c)

1 1

(c)

1
25

(d) none of these

(d) 25

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 3 4
Q17. If A
and B is a square matrix of order 2 such that AB I , then B ?
1 2
1

1
1 2

1 2
2
(a)
(b)
(c) 1 3
(d) none of these

2
3
3

2 2

2
3 1
Q18. If A 3 and A 5 2 , then adj A ?

3 3
9 3
9 3
9 3
(a)
(b)
(c)

5 2
5 2
5 2
1

3 4
Q19. If A is an invertible matrix and A1
, then A ?
5 6
1 1
3 2
3 4
6 4
(a)
(b)
(c) 5

5
3
1
1

2
2

5 6
1 1
a 1
2
and B
and A B A2 B 2 , then:
Q20. If A

2 1
b 1
(a) a 2 , b 3
(b) a 2 , b 3
(c) a 1, b 4

9 3
(d)

5 2

(d) none of these

(d) none of these

ONE MARKER QUESTIONS MATRICES

Q1. If A is a matrix of order 3 4 and B is a matrix of order 4 3 , write the order of the matrix AB .
1 2 3 4
Q2. If A 5 6 7 8 and B is a matrix of order 4 3 , write order of matrix ( AB )T .
9 10 11 12
3 1
2 1 3

Q3. If A
and B 2 3 , Write the order of AB and BA .

4
1
7

5 4

Q4. Construct a 3 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij 2i j .

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1 3 y 0
5 6

Q5. Find the value of x and y if 2

.
0 x 1 2
1 8
1 3
2 1
Q6. If A
and B

, find a matrix C such that A B C is a zero matrix.

2 0
1 0
Q7.

3 0
If B
, write the value of B4 .

0 3

Q8.

cos
If A
sin

Q9.

cos
If A
sin

sin
, write the value of A' A .

cos
sin
and AT A I , write the value of .
cos

Q10. If A a b c d , write the value of AAT .

cos x sin x

Q11. If A
, find x satisfying 0 x when A AT I .

2
sin x cos x
0 a 3
Q12. If the matrix A 2 b 1 is skew-symmetric, write the value of a b c.
c 1 0

Q13.If X, Y and Z are matrices of order 2 1,1 3 and 3 2 respectively, find the order of matrix W so
that 3W + YZX is defined.
Q14.

Use

elementary column

2 1 3 1 1 0
2 0 2 0 1 1 .

operation

C2 C2 2C1 in

the

following

matrix

equation:

2 5 3 1 1 2
Ans:

2 4 2 0 1 1

Q15. Write the number of all possible matrices of order 2 2 with each entry 1, 2 or 3.

Ans: 81
3

Q16. If A is a square matrix such that A2 I , then find the simplified value of A I A I 7 A
Q17. If A is a square matrix such that A 5 , write the value of AAT .

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Ans: 25

Page 11

ANSWERS
(MATRICES)

1
1. 2

1
25 2

2 , 0

8 1

9
2
2

3
0
2

5
1
2

3
5. (a)
3
2

3
(c)
2
1

9
2

2
1

3
2
8
9
2

2 2

(e) 3 3
2
3

1
2

3. 4, 1

(b) 1
2
1

5
2

1
0
2

9 9

2 2
9
5
2
3
0
2

1
1
2
5
3
2

4 1 0
6.(a)

3 1 1
7. (a) x 2 , y 9

30 4
9. (a) f ( A)

12 6

9
2
0
3
2

9
2

3
2

1
5

2
2

0
3

3 0

1 2
(b) X

7 13

1
2
0
1

1
0
2

3
1
2
1
2
2

3
2
0
2

1
2

6
4 0

1
7 3

(d)
2
2 2

4 7 1 1

2

(f) 2

3
2

1
0
2

1
0
2

5
0
1
2

3
1
1 0
2
3
3
1
2

2
2
2
2

43
12

(c) 4
14 3
25 3 28 3

3

2

1
2

1 2 3
2 0 1
(d ) X
, Y

3 1 2
1 1 0

(b) x 3, y 1

15 20
(b) f ( A)

20 15

(c) B 1
2

2
3
2

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(e) k 7

Page 12

 8 6
10. (a) B

2 8

13.(a) A 1 10
2
5

1 5 1
(b) A
8 7 3
1

1
10

1
5

(b)

3 2 1

(c) A 4 1 1
2 0 1

1 4 3
A1
17 3 2

(d)

2 2 1

A1 11 1 6

1
2
4
2

Some More Problems

1 2 5
2.

3 4 0

3. 0

1
11.
19

10. A

15. a 2, b 1

20. A1

7. x 4

8. x 0 ,

12. no value

1
13. x
5

3 3 2 5 2
14. 4 5
2
5 6
7

16. x

1 4 3
17 3 2

23
2

4. a 1, b 4

1
1
1
, y
, z
2
6
3

17. X = Rs. 316 , Y = Rs. 212

24. Rs. 850, Rs. 805 and Rs. 970

26. Rs.7000, Rs.6125, Rs.7875 ;Total Rs.21, 000

9. I A

25. Rs. 50500, Rs. 40800 , Rs. 41600

27. X: Rs. 30,000, Y: Rs. 23,000, Z: Rs. 39,000

30. k 2

28. 200 m , 150 m

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. b

2. a

3. c

15. c

16. b 17. c

4. c

5. b

18. b 19. c

6. c

7. a

8. a

9. b

10. b 11. c

12. a

13. b 14. c

20. c

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