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TYPES OF BONES
Long bones
Femur, humerus, metacarpals, phalanges
TYPES OF BONES
Cuboidal bones:
Carpus, tarsus
TYPES OF BONES
Plate-like bones:
Scapula, pelvis, scapula, cranium
TYPES OF BONES
Sesamoids:
Patella, knuckle
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
FIVE TYPES OF VERTEBRAE:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Caudal
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
FIVE TYPES OF VERTEBRAE:
Cervical
Neck region
Almost all mammals have exactly 7 cervicals
Very top cervical vertebrae are the atlas and axis,
which articulate with the skull at the occipital condyles
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
FIVE TYPES OF VERTEBRAE:
Thoracic
Connect to ribs
Often have large dorsal spines
Mammals have 12-15
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
FIVE TYPES OF VERTEBRAE:
Lumbar
Lower back region, links to pelvis
Most mammals have 6-7, toothed whales
(Odontoceti) have up to 20
Often have many spines and processes
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
FIVE TYPES OF VERTEBRAE:
Sacral
Support the pelvic girdle
Often fused together
Usually 3-5, up to 10 in Edentata
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
FIVE TYPES OF VERTEBRAE:
Caudal
Tail bones
Smaller, simpler than other vertebrae
Do not contain spinal column, although do have nerves
and blood vessels
In humans and apes, bones are fused to form the coccyx