BDA34003

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 4
Lecture Module 1: Introduction

Waluyo Adi Siswanto

waluyo@uthm.edu.my

Course Objective

The main objective of learning Engineering Math 4

is to provide students with the tools of
NUMERICAL METHODS.
METHODS
Engineering Math 4

Numerical Methods
(Numerical Analysis)

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course students

should be able to:
Apply the knowledge of differentiation and
integration and standard numerical analysis to
solve mathematical problems. (C3, PLO1)
Independently proceed to life long learning in
improving the knowledge. (A2, PLO6)

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

What you can do

( problem illustrations )
You can analyze this problem, and many others
0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

x
A
1 oC

B
1.174 oC

1.1271 oC 1.271 oC

E
1.174 oC

T
T
=0.5
2
t
x

1 oC

Analysis Results

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

What you can do

( problem illustrations )
You can prepare programming codes
function[L,U,d,x]=doolittle(A,B)
[m n]=size(A);
if (m ~= n )
disp ( 'LR2 error: Matrix must be square' );
return;
end;
L=zeros(m,m);
U=zeros(m,m);
% LU Decomposition (DOOLITTLE METHOD)
for i=1:m
for k=1:i-1
L(i,k)=A(i,k);
for j=1:k-1
L(i,k)= L(i,k)-L(i,j)*U(j,k);
end
L(i,k) = L(i,k)/U(k,k);
end
for k=i:m
U(i,k) = A(i,k);
for j=1:i-1
U(i,k)= U(i,k)-L(i,j)*U(j,k);
end
end
end
for i=1:m
L(i,i)=1;
End

% Forward substitution 'Ld=b' to solve d

d=zeros(m,1);
d(1)=B(1)/L(1,1);
for i=2:m
d(i)=-L(i,1)*d(1);
for k=2:i-1
d(i)=d(i)-L(i,k)*d(k);
end;
d(i)=(B(i)+d(i))/L(i,i);
end;
% Bacward substitution 'Ux=d' to solve x
x=zeros(m,1);
x(m)=d(m)/U(m,m);
i=m-1;
q=0;
while (i~= 0)
x(i)=-U(i,m)*x(m);
q=i+1;
while (q~=m)
x(i)=x(i)-U(i,q)*x(q);
q=q+1;
end;
x(i)=(d(i)+x(i))/U(i,i);
i=i-1;
end;

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

References
(1) D. V. Griffiths, I. M. Smith. 2006. Numerical methods for engineers, 2th
Edition. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall.
(2) J. N. Sharma. 2004. Numerical methods for engineers and scientists,
Pangbourne: Alpha Science International.
(3) Jaan Kiusalaas. 2005. Numerical methods in engineering with MATLAB,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(4) John H. Mathews, Kurtis D. Fink. 2004. Numerical methods using
MATLAB, 4th Edition. US Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
(5) Laurene Fausett. 2002. Numerical methods using MathCAD, Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey.
(6) Steven C. Chapra, Raymond P. Canale. 2002. Numerical methods for
engineers: with software and programming applications, 4th Edition.
(7) Nafisah Md Kamaruddin, et. al. 2008. Numerical Method. Pusat
Pengajian Sains, UTHM.
(8) Tay Kim Gaik. 2005. How to use Calculator Casio fx-570MS in Numerical
Methods. Penerbit KuiTTHO.
(9) Tay Kim Gaik, Lim Kian Boon and Rosmila Abdul Kahar. 2011. Numerical
Methods using Casio fx-570ES Calculator. Penerbit KuiTTHO.
BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4
Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

Mathematical Tools
for Numerical Computations
Free Software / open source software:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

SMath, http://en.smath.info/forum/
FreeMat, http://freemat.sourceforge.net/
SciLab, http://www.scilab.org/
Octave, http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/
Euler, http://euler.sourceforge.net/
Calfem, http://sourceforge.net/projects/calfem/

Proprietary Software (license required):

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Mathcad, http://www.ptc.com/product/mathcad/
Matlab, http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/
Maple, http://www.maplesoft.com/products/Maple/
Mathematica, http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

Subject Delivery

Lecturing
Explaining theories, methods and understanding related to the
topics.

Tutoring
Discussing sample problems related to the topics

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

Assessment Scheme

Students attendance *

Quiz /Assignment

(10%)

Project

(10%)

Test

(T1: 15% T2: 15%)

Final Examination

(50%)

* Attendance must not less than 80%

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

Part 1

1) Introduction to Numerical Analysis and

Error
2) Nonlinear Equations
3) Systems of Linear Equations
4) Interpolation
5) Numerical Differentiation

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

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Part 2

6)

Numerical Integration

7)

Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

8)

Ordinary Differential Equations

9)

Partial Differential Equations

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

11

Lecture Time Tables

Please refer to
your time tables

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

12

INTRODUCTION

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

13

Understanding Error
Round-off Error
Round-off errors arise when numbers having limited significant figures are used
to represent exact numbers.
There are two techniques : Chopping-off and Rounding-off (the most common!)

In general engineering applications Rounding technique is always used

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

14

Understanding Error
Truncation Error
Truncation errors arise when approximations are used to represent exact numbers.

See the difference !

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

15

Understanding Error
Error Analysis

Absolute error = Exact Approximation

Relative error =

Exact Approximation
Exact

In mechanical engineering, for example

Relative Error =

Measured resultSimulation result

Measured result

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

16

Student Activity

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

17

Problem 1-A1
Experiment

Simulation result

50kN
Sensor reading
200.59 MPa

numerical result
190.345678 MPa

50kN

a) Express the numerical result in 2 decimal places (why 2 ? discuss ?)

b) What is the relative error of the simulation result to the experimental result

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

18

BDA34003 Engineering Mathematics 4

Waluyo Adi Siswanto (waluyo@uthm.edu.my)

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