Problem of the CF Cards (May 17 10)

By Pablo Manalastas, Ph. D.

CenPEG IT Analyst

In the news article entitled, "Comelec to Erap: Prove allegations", in the May 16, 2010
issue of Philippine Star, Comelec spokesman James Jimenez is quoted as saying,

"Compact flash cards have nothing to do with the count, all it does is say that 'you
machine, you are for this precinct'. Basically, what a compact flash card does is to
customize a machine so that it is specific to a particular locality and that's all that it
does. It has nothing to do with the counting logic."

That the CF card has nothing to do with the counting logic is the BIGGEST LIE ever to
come from Comelec. The CF card contains data that are the very heart and soul of the
counting logic, such that use of the wrong CF card produces wrong counts, and puts to
question the entire result of the May 10, 2010 automated election.

Precinct-Specific Ballots and CF Card

All the 76,000+ PCOS machines are running the same computer program that reads
ballots, credits the votes to the correct candidates, computes a summary at the end of
the voting period, and transmits the election return to the municipal board of canvassers
and to the national Comelec servers. An unconfigured generic PCOS machine can be
used in any of the 76,000+ precincts. What enables the PCOS machine to count votes
for candidates of a specific municipality/district is the candidates' data in the CF card
that is used to configure the PCOS machine. The CF card tells the PCOS machine what
the names of the candidates are and the positions of their ovals on the ballot.

Take the example of the candidates for president, as shown in this sample ballot.

Let us assume a scan resolution of 100 pixels per inch, so that a ballot with dimensions
8.5 inches x 25 inches will be scanned and saved as a tiff file of 850 pixels x 2500
pixels. Let us take as origin the upper-left corner of the black rectangle on the upper-left
corner of the ballot as horizontal-x pixel position and vertical-y pixel position (0,0). Then
the center of the oval for candidate Acosta is at position (70, 260), and the center of the
oval for candidate Aquino is at position (70, 290). Candidates Acosta and Aquino are in
the same column and so have the same horizontal-x position at pixel 70. Also, the
center of the oval for candidate Estrada is at position (245, 260). Now candidates
Acosta and Estrada are in the same row and so have the same vertical-y position at
pixel 260. Thus the ballot design tells us which candidate has his oval on which (x,y)-
position on the ballot. All these data on names and (x,y)-positions on the ballot for each
candidate are stored in the CF card for the precinct. The CF card is a memory card that
looks like the picture below. It is similar in use to SD cards, MMC cards, and USB
pendrives, in that it is used to store files containing data. In the case of a CF card for a
PCOS machine, the CF card contains data on candidates names and their (x,y)-
positions on the ballot to be used in that precinct.

It is important that the ballots to be used for a specific precinct and the CF card to be
used to configure the PCOS machine for that precinct be exactly matched in terms of
the names of candidates and their positions on the ballots. A vote for candidate Acosta
at position (70, 260) on the ballot will be interpreted correctly or incorrectly by the PCOS
machine depending on the correctness of the data on the CF card. We can see three
possibilities.

(1) If the CF card data has Acosta in position (70, 260), then the vote on the ballot will
be correctly credited to Acosta.

(2) If the CF card data has Acosta in position slightly different from (70, 260), say the CF
card has (75, 260) as the position of Acosta's oval, then the vote on the ballot for Acosta
may or may not be credited to him, depending on whether the shading centered at (70,
260) constitutes a 50% or greater shading of the oval centered at (75, 260).

(3) If on the CF card, Aquino's oval is indicated as the one centered at position (70,
260),then the vote for Acosta will be credited as a vote for Aquino.
Thus it is important that all data on the CF card for a precinct exactly match all the
candidates' names and (x, y)-positions on the ballots for the precinct, for otherwise, the
votes cast will not be correctly credited to the selected candidates.

Role of the EMS Program

Fortunately, Smartmatic has the Election Management System (EMS) program to do all
of the following (1) produce the camera-ready ballot faces to be used for printing the
ballots for a specific precinct, (2) write data to the CF card for that precinct, (3) ensure
that ballot faces produced in Step-1, and the CF card produced in Step-2 are exactly
matched, and (4) Repeat Steps 1-2-3 for all of the 76,000+ precincts.

Why the Mismatch Between Ballots and CF Cards on May 3?

I can only make an educated guess, because Comelec has never been transparent in
everything that it does, but has always claimed transparency in everything that it does.
Being transparent, and claiming transparency, are two different animals altogether.

This is my guess. Smartmatic-Comelec must have gone through several iterations of

ballot design and CF card production, considering that it changed the ballot design from
vertical enumeration for a position, to horizontal enumeration, and considering that new
names had to be added to the ballot from time to time, to accommodate new decisions
about candidates made by the Supreme Court and by Comelec itself. In the latest
iteration, Smartmatic-Comelec produced the final version of the ballot, but forgot to
produce the CF cards for the new ballot design. Instead, Smartmatic-Comelec shipped
the latest ballot design with the old CF cards. So, during the May 3, 2010 final testing
and sealing (FTS) step, almost all PCOS machines failed in NCR, and Comelec had to
stop the FTS, and Smartmatic promised that a new batch of 76,000+ CF cards will be
produced and delivered to the precincts in time for election on May 10.

To date, Comelec has not reported to the Filipino people how many of the 76,000+ new
CF cards reached the correct destination precincts AND successfully passed FTS
before 7:00AM on election day, May 10, 2010, because only in these precincts will the
count be correct.

Should We Believe the Comelec Tabulation/Canvass?

Comelec must prove beyond reasonable doubt that it only used election returns from
consolidated precincts that used only CF cards that passed FTS, because only such
precincts will produce correct counts. It does not matter whether the paper ballots were
fed to the PCOS machine by the voters themselves on election day, or batch-fed by the
BEI to the PCOS machine after election day because the CF card arrived late and was
tested late, as long as there are voters, watchers, and party representatives to witness
the process and authorized people to sign the printed election return.