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The center frequency of a band-pass filter is

always equal to

geometric average of the critical frequencies

Upon what principle does a relaxation oscillator

operate

the charging and discharging of a capacitor

What is the axis that connects the corners of a

crystal

Quartz crystal is most commonly used in crystal

oscillators because

it has superior electrical properties

When shock excited, a crystal will produce

alternating emf longer than LC circuit because
crystal __

has fewer losses

Why is it that the size of a power transistor is

made considerably large

to dissipate more heat

Stacking a transistor atop another forms a __

structure, resulting in high output impedance

cascode

100Hz 500Hz 1kHz 10kHz. Which frequency

produces the highest noise factor

10kHz

Circuits that shift the dc level of a signal are called

clampers

The crystal oscillator frequency is very stable due

to __ of the crystal

high Q

WHat are the two most popular RF oscillators

colpitts and hartley

The primary function of the oscillator in an isolation

amplifier is to

convert dc to high-frequency ac

A pulsating dc applied to power amplifiers causes

hum in the circuit

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Transformer coupling introduces what type of

distortion

frequency

In the initial stages of a multistage amplifier, __

coupling is used

RC

RC coupling is used for ___ amplification

voltage

Minimum interference with frequency response can

be given by

direct coupling

A tuned amplifier is used in what amplification

radio frequency

At zero signal condition, a transistor sees __ load

dc

What capacitor is used in transistor amplifiers

electrolytic

The capacitor that produces an AC ground is

called

bypass capacitor

If you move towards an oscillating circuit, its

frequency changes because of

hand capacitance

An instrumentation amplifier has a high

CMRR

When transistors are used in digital circuits they

usually operate in the

saturation and cutoff regions

The region to the left of the pinch-off locus is

referred to as the __ region

ohmic

A measure of the small-signal performance of

voltage-dependent current sources is the __
defined as the change in the output current divided
by the change in the input voltage

transconductance

The substrate of the MOSFET is usually

connected internally to

source

The base material of a MOSFET which extends as

an additional terminal

substrate

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Which transistor has depletion and enhancement

types

MOSFET

The impedance seen looking into the gate of a

mosfet is equal to

infinity

JFET, EMOSFET, DMOSFET. Which FET has

the lowest input impedance

JFET

The __ of the bipolar transistor consists of an

exponential voltage-dependent current source tied
between the collector and emitter, and a diode tied
between the base and emitter

large-signal model

TETRODE, BJT, FET, TRIODE. Which has least

noise level

FET

What is the difference between a JFET and

MOSFET

ALL, the gate of a MOSFET is insulated,

MOSFET uses a substrate in its construction,
MOSFET can work in both forward and reverse
gate-source voltages

A MOSFET has

very high input impedance

Generally MOSFET has low power handling

capability than BJT. To increase MOSFET
power, the channel should be made

wide and short

A JFET is

a voltage-controlled device

When a FET with a lower transconductance is

substituted into a FET amplifier circuit, what
happens

the voltage gain decreases

What is the range of gm for JFETS

1000 uS to 5000 uS

One drawback of JFET devices is the strong

dependence of the devices\' parameters on the
channel geometry. Which parameter is an example
of this

ALL, IDSS, VP, GM

Metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor

IGFET

The substrate used in a p-channel IGFET

enhancement type

n-type material

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To deplete a channel from a p-channel IGFET

depletion type, the gate voltage should be __ with
respect to the source

In an n-channel enhancement type MOSFET, the

gate voltage should be __ with respect to the
source in order to produce or enhance a channel

positivepositive

Which FET has a wide and short effective channel

V-MOSFET

A type of FET wherein the channel is formed in

the vertical direction rather than the horizontal

V-MOSFET

Advantage or advantages of V-MOS over BJT

ALL

The transfer curve is not defined by Schockley\'s

equation for

EMOSFET

A-MOSFETs operate in the __ region if the drain

voltage is more than one threshold below the gate
voltage

triode

How many terminals can a MOSFET have

3 or 4

It is the insulating layer of __ in the MOSFET

construction that accounts for the very desirable
high input impedance of the device

SiO2

Advantage of a MOSFET over a BJT in an RF

amp

low noise

The depletion mode MOSFET

can operate with positive as well as negative gate

voltages

With the positive probe on an NPN base, an

ohmmeter reading between the other transistor
terminals should be

low resistance

A push-pull amplifier that uses npn and npn

transistors to amplify the positive and negative
cycles respectively

complementary-symmetry amplifier

A push-pull amplifier that uses either npn or pnp as

its final stage. The circuit configuration loks like the
complementary-symmetry

quasi-complementary push-pull amplifier

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The driver transformer has center-tapped

secondary to provide

two signals 180 out of phase to transistors of

push-pull circuit

In an averaging amplifier, the input resistances are

greater than the feedback resistance

The collector current in a common base

configuration is equal to

alpha times emitter current plus leakage current

Who discovered that more than one transistor

could be constructed on a single piece of
semiconductor material

Robert Noyce

The basic concept of the electric wave filter was

originated by

campbell and wagner

The charged-coupled device (CCD) is a unique

and versatile semiconductor structure invented in
1969 by

Boyle and Smith

Hartley oscillators is commonly used in which of

the following

radio receivers

Parasitic oscillation are caused by

transistor interelectrode capacitance

Three different Q points are shown on a dc load

line. The upper Q point represents the

maximum current gain

What is the efficiency of a series-fed class A

amplifier

25%

What do you call an amplifier which has an output

current flowing during the whole input current
cycle

class A amplifier

An amplifier that delivers an output signal of 180

degrees only

class B

A class of amplifiers wherein the output signal

swings more than 180 degrees but less than 360
degrees

class AB

What is the distinguishing feature of a class C

amplifier

output is present for less than 180 degrees of the

input signal cycle

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Basically, which class of amplifiers has the least

distortion

class A

Generally, tuned amplifiers are operated in

class C

How do you classify an amplifier used to amplify

either amplitude modulated or frequency
modulated signals

class S

Which class of amplifiers that is intended for pulse

operation

class D

Which class of amplifiers that has the highest

efficiency

class D

In most transistor A amplifiers, the quiescent point

is set at

the center

For a class A amplifier, the Q point is at

active

For a class B amplifier, the Q point is at

cutoff

For a class C amplifier, the Q point is at

slightly above cutoff

In order to have the best efficiency and stability,

where on the loadline should a solid plate power
amplifier be operated

just below the saturation point

For proper operation, the __ is forward-biased

and the __ is reverse-biased

base-emitter junction, base-collector junction

The drain current will always be one-fourth of

IDSS as long as the gate-to-source voltage is __
the pinch-off value

one-half

When the gain versus frequency curve of a

transistor amplifier is not flat, ___ distortion is
present

frequency

Voltage divider bias provides

a stable Q point

Transistor configuration with lowest current gain

common base

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Transistor configuration with highest value of input

resistance

common collector

Class A amplifier can be built from what transistor

configuration

CB, CC, CE

In a CE configuration, an emitter resistor is used

for

stabilization

The input impedance of which amplifier depends

strongly on load resistance

CC

The __ stage provides a moderate voltage gain, a

moderate input impedance, and a moderate output
impedance

CE

The __ provides a voltage gain less than unity, a

high input impedance, and a low output
impedance, serving as a good voltage buffer

emitter follower

Emitter follower employs ___ negative feedback

100%

If the capacitor from emitter to ground in a CE

amplifier is removed, the voltage gain

decreases

The complementary-symmetry amplifier has

one PNP and one NPN transistor

To obtain the frequency response curve of an

amplifier ___ is kept constant

generator output level

Distortion that is due to the inability of an amplifier

to amplify equally well at the frequencies present at
the input signal

amplitude distortion

Amplitude distortion is otherwise known as ___

harmonic

The ear is not sensitive to ___ distortion

frequency

A pair of filter common on high fidelity system

which separate audio frequency band signals into
two separate groups, where one is fed to the
tweeter and the other to the woofer is called

crossover network

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What is the typical value of emitter bypass

capacitor CE in a multistage amplifier

about 50 uF

Amplifiers conversion efficiency, are calculated

using what formula

ac/dc powers or dc/ac powers

In the design of high power semiconductor

devices, it involves what factors

ALL, making semiconductor, packaging, and

contact of both bigger

How to have a better high-frequency response in

designing the semiconductor devices

ALL, make chip small, leads made shorter, smaller

packaging

A circuit whose components are soldered or

otherwise connected mechanically

discrete circuit

In the classic three-op-amp instrumentation

amplifier, the differential voltage gain is usually
produced by the

first stage

A digital-to-analog converter is an application of

scaling adder

What process is used to produce IC

semiconductor elements

planar diffusion

WHat is the principal method used in fabrication of

semiconductor devices for hybrid and monolithic
IC\'s

planar technology

For a constant input voltage to an integrator, why

is the voltage across the capacitor linear

capacitor current is constant

A comparator is an example of

nonlinear circuit

If the input to a comparator is a sine wave, the

output is a

rectangular wave

It is a comparator with hysteresis

schmitt trigger

It is the value of the input voltage that switches the

output of a comparator

Trip point

What is the summing point in op-amps

a terminal of the op-amp where the input resistors

are commonly connected

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IC\'s for military and space applications are tested

in the temperature range of

-55 to 125 deg C

Which of the following is not part of the three

temperature range of op amps for commercial,
industrial, military applications

-30 to 200 deg C

What is the most commonly used type of linear IC

op amp

What has been considered as the industry

standard linear IC

741 op amp

What is the specific application of uA741C opamp

for commercial

What is the maximum CMRR of uA741 op

amplifier

70 dB

What is the typical total power dissipated by the

operational amplifier

50 mW

What is the absolute maximum rating for op-amps

interval power dissipation is

500 mW

What is the absolute maximum rating for op-amps

differential input voltage

+/- 30V

What is the approximate short circuit current

output of 741 op amp

25 mA

What is the slew rate of a 741 operational

amplifier

0.5 V/microseconds

What is the typical input bias current of a 741

operational amplifier

80 nA

The typical dimension of a BJT in a single IC chips

is

4 x 6.5 mils

The typical dimension of a diode in a signle IC

chip is

3 x 4.5 mils

Monos and Lithos

single stone

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What identifies the package style that houses the

op-amp chip

letter suffix

In the standard letter-number identification code of

operational amplifiers, the letter-prefix which
normally consists of two or three letters identifies
the

manufacturer

What is the letter prefix used by Fairchild

Semiconductor on their op-amp product

uA

The letter predix LM identifies which of the

following manufacturers

National Semiconductor Corporation

A D J N. The three most common package suffix

code are the following except

What is the package suffix code for a plastic dual

in-line for surface mounting on a PC board

What is the package suffix code for ceramic dual

in-line is

What is the package suffix code of plastic dual inline for insertion into sockets

N and P

MPP value in an op-amp is synonymous with

ALL

Most linear IC\'s are low-power devices with

power dissipation ratings of

less than 1W

Typical range of power dissipation for a

semiconductor to be considered as \"low power\"
or \"small signal\"

less than 1W

In switching transistors, what do you call the time

between the changing state of the inout and the
beginning of a response in the output

delay time

The time required for the minority carriers to return

to majority carrier state in the opposite material

storage time

An integrated circuit for both astable and

monostable applications

555 timer

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Which of the items below is equivalent to a

relaxation oscillator

astable multivibrator

Placing a bipolar device around an op amp

provides a __ function

logarithmic

The intel i486 32-bit microprocessor incorporates

__ transistors on a single chip

1 million

The gain reduction in operational amplifiers is

known as

roll-off

The engineering science and technology of robots,

and their design, manufacture, and application

Robotics

The word robot was introduced to the public by

Czech writer __ in his play RUR (Rossum\'s
Universal Robots), published in 1920

Karel Capek

What is the robot made in the late 1990s at MIT

with auditory, visual and expressive systems
intended to participate in human social interaction
and to demonstrate simulated human emotion and
appearance

Kismet

What is the joint DARPA-NASA project

designed to create a humanoid robot which can
function as an equivalent to humans during extravehicular activity

Robonaut

A __ is a means of guiding a robot along a specific

route

embedded path

Similar to synchro in its physical aspects but it is

used for mathematical computations

resolver

An electromechanical device used for connecting

and disconnecting of current path

relay

A connection of two transistors connected with

positive feedback to simulate the action of a
thyristor

Latch

What tool is used to set contact clearances on a

relay

point bender

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Which of the following is not a type of circuit

breaker trip element

optic

A crowbar circuit is used

as an over-voltage protection in power supplies

A current surge takes place when a power supply

is first turned on because

the filter capacitor must be initially charged

Transient suppression is of importance mainly

because it minimizes the risk of

diode failure

In order to minimize the risk of diode destruction

as a result of surge currents that can occur when a
power supply is switched on, which of the
following techniques can be useful

connecting multiple diodes in parallel, with lowvalue resistors in series with each diode

To repair a damaged power supply with which

you are not completely familiar with, you should

leave it alone and have a professional work on it

SCARA has how many degrees of freedom

Has the geatest force capability

hydraulic

What is the ratio of the input impedance with

series feedback to that without feedback

1 + BA

Which of the followig is required to start oscillation

Both \"BA > 1\" and \"the phase shift around the
feedback network must be 180 degrees

All of the following are parts of a basic voltage

regulator except

voltage-follower

What sensor provides a DC voltage approximately

1V at 10mW

diode sensor

The typical power range of a diode sensor is

0.1 nW ++

What do you call a thin slice of crystal used as a

chassis for integrated components

wafer

Three-terminal fixed positive voltage regulators

commonly used in the industry

78XX series

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Typical ripple rejection of most three-terminal

voltage regulators

0.1%

Percent ripple of a half-wave rectifier

121%

Ripple factor of a full-wave rectifier

48%

Which power supply filter gives the smallest ripple

voltage

multi-section LC-filter

If you need exceptionally good ripple filtering for a

power supply, which of the following alternatives
will yield the best results

use two capacitor/choke filtering sections in

cascade

The __ gate is called the \"all or nothing\" gate

AND

A logic gate that produces a High output only

when its two inputs are at opposite levels

XOR

How many flip flop/s are needed to produce 2kHz

frequency from 8kHz input

How many flip flops are needed to produce 4-but

asynchronous counter

How many flip flops are needed to produce

modulus-12 asynchronous counter

Asynchronous counters are known as

ripple counters

The modulus of a counter is

the actual number of states in its sequence

Three cascaded modulus-10 counters have an

overall modulus of

1000

The terminal count of a modulus-13 binary counter

is

1100

In T flip flop, T stands for

Toggle

A J/K flip flop is in toggle condition when

J=1, K=1

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Which of the following is the invalid state for RS

flip flop

S=1; R=1

What does FPGA stands for

Field programmable gate array

It is a digital circuit that adds two bits and an input

carry to produce a sum and an output cary

Full adder

In computers, what do you call a relatively small,

high-speed memory that stores the most recently
used instructions or data from the larger but slower
main memory

cache memory

In digital design of combinational logic circuits,

what do you call the term that refers to the
connection of the output of one device to the input
of a similar device allowing one device to drive the
other in order to expand the operational capability

cascading

The time sequence of inputs, outputs and flip-flop

states can be enumerated in a __. This consists of
four sections labeled the present state, input,
output and next state

state table

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