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CA Expansion Tanks
Taco CA Expansion tanks are full acceptance Captive Air expansion tanks that provide
separation of air and water. Tough, durable and long lasting. The Taco CA is available in a
variety of sizes and capacities to fit your application.
CA Specifications:
Standard Optional
Working
125 PSIG 150 PSIG
Pressure: (862 KPA) (1034 KPA)
175 PSIG
(1206 KPA)
250 PSIG
(1723 KPA)
300 PSIG
(2068 KPA)
Dramatically Reduce
Expansion Tank Sizes
Captive Air expansion tanks eliminate the many gallons of water
required to compress atmospheric
pressure air in an air cushion plain
steel tank to the fill pressure. This
allows a reduction in Captive Air
expansion tank sizes of up to 80%
compared to air cushion plain steel
tanks.
Operating
240F
Temperature: (116C)
-2-
Consult
Factory
Applications
SOLUBILITY OF AIR
IN WATER AT STANDARD
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
14%
12%
10%
8%
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
6%
4%
2%
32
50
75
100
125
150
175
PSIA
200 212
TEMPERATURE (DEGREE F)
Figure 1
FAN COIL
TACO
CIRCULATOR
TACO
TWIN TEE
TACO
AIR SEPARATOR
TACO PUMP
TACO
MULTI-PURPOSE
VALVE
TACO
SUCTION
DIFFUSER
TACO
EXPANSION
TANK
BOILER
-3-
Applications
FAN COIL
TACO
CIRCULATOR
TACO
TWIN TEE
TACO 4900
AIR SEPARATOR
TACO PUMP
TACO
SUCTION
TACO
MULTI-PURPOSE DIFFUSER
VALVE
TACO
EXPANSION
TANK
CHILLER
Applications
Causes of over system pressurization can be undersized expansion
tanks, water logged air cushion
plain steel expansion tanks and
burst diaphragms or bladders in
Captive Air tanks.
A. Empty Tank Pa
Atmospheric
Pressure
Tank Empty
A. After system
has been filled P1
B. At operating pressure
Boiler in operation Po
Expanded
Water
Pre-pressurized air cushion
at minimum operating pressure.
(Bladder in collapsed condition)
C. At operating pressure Po
Figure 4
Plain steel pressurization process
-5-
Applications
This can be seen in the following
example problem.
System: Chilled water at 40F
System volume: 3000 gallons
System piping : Steel
The ASHRAE formula for plain
steel expansion tank sizing is:
[(v2/ v1) 1] 3at
Vt = Vs
(Pa/ P1) (Pa/ P2)
Where
vt = volume of expansion tank, gal
vs = volume of water in system, gal
t1 = lower temperature, F
t2 = higher temperature, F
Pa = atmospheric pressure, psia
P1 = pressure at lower
temperature, psia
P2 = pressure at higher
temperature, psia
Vt = 388.83 gallons
Pa= P1
-6-
Applications
To prevent air from being drawn
into the system the pressure in the
system must be everywhere above
atmospheric pressure.
FAN COIL
TACO
CIRCULATOR
TACO
TWIN TEE
SUCTION
PRESSURE = -10 PSI
DISCHARGE
PRESSURE = 25 PSI
FILL VALVE
PRESSURE = 25 PSI
TACO
MULTI-PURPOSE
VALVE
TACO PRESSURE
REDUCING VALVE
TACO PUMP
DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE = 35 PSI
TACO
AIR SEPARATOR
TACO
EXPANSION
TANK
CHILLER
FAN COIL
TACO
CIRCULATOR
TACO
TWIN TEE
DISCHARGE
PRESSURE = 60 PSI
SUCTION
PRESSURE = 25 PSI
TACO
MULTI-PURPOSE
VALVE
TACO PUMP
DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE = 35 PSI
FILL VALVE
PRESSURE = 25 PSI
TACO
AIR SEPARATOR
TACO PRESSURE
REDUCING VALVE
TACO
EXPANSION
TANK
CHILLER
-7-
Applications
Figure 8 is a system with two
expansion tanks. The point of no
pressure change will be somewhere between the two tanks.
FAN COIL
TACO
EXPANSION
TANK
TACO
CIRCULATOR
TACO
TWIN TEE
TACO PUMP
TACO
EXPANSION
TANK
CHILLER
TACO
CIRCULATOR
TACO
TWIN TEE
SLOPE PIPE
UP TO TANK
TANK FITTING
TACO PUMP
TACO
AIR SEPARATOR
CHILLER
TANK
AIR
WATER
BAFFLE TRAPS
AIR AND DIRECTS
IT TO THE TOP OF
TANK THRU
OUTER TUBE
TANK FITTING
Applications
the air is recycled to provide a
cushion in the expansion tank, this
system is called an Air Control
system. As noted previously the air
cushion in the tank can be depleted due to absorption of air into
the water. It can also be depleted
by loosing air through air vents in
the piping. Care must also be taken
to insure that piping between the
air separator and the plain steel
expansion tank is pitched at least
3 degrees (Figure 9) to facilitate
the migration of captured air back
into the expansion vessel. Systems
with plain steel expansion tanks
must not have automatic air vents
installed as this will lead to the loss
of the expansion tank air cushion.
if air is lost in the tank then the
tank will become water logged.
With a water-logged expansion
tank, the expanded water must
now seek a new outlet which can
be the relief valve on one of the
major components.
As note previously the tank must
be sized for the expansion of the
water in the system plus the initial charge of water to compress
atmospheric air in the tank to
the fill pressure. This makes the
tank much larger. The tank is also
subject to corrosion with the presence of air and oxygen in the tank.
Applications
Smaller systems
Lower cost
Ceiling mounted to
save floor space
-9-
Partial Acceptance
Captive Air Bladder
Expansion Tank
Taco CBX partial acceptance bladder Captive
Air expansion tanks are
applied in commercial,
institutional and industrial applications for the
control of pressure in
hydronic systems. CBX
bladder tanks use a field replaceable bladder to permanently separate the air and water.
This permanent separation allows
the tank to be precharged on the
air side to the minimum operating or fill pressure. This eliminates
many gallons of water to compress
atmospheric pressure air in an air
cushion or plain steel tank to the
fill pressure. This allows the reduction in Captive Air expansion tank
sizes of up to 80% compared to air
cushion or plain steel tanks.
In a bladder tank the bladder is not
attached to the tank wall like a diaphragm tank. Rather it is suspended inside the tank very much like a
balloon. Expanded water flows into
the inside of the bladder. Air is on
the outside of the bladder between
the bladder and the tank. As a
result no water is in contact with
the tank wall minimizing corrosion
In a partial acceptance bladder tank
the bladder is of limited acceptance volume and does not stretch.
As a result, if there is an overpressure condition in the system the
bladder will burst, again, very much
like a balloon.
Applications
Larger systems
Lower cost
Applications
Full Acceptance Captive Air
Bladder Expansion Tank
Taco CA full acceptance bladder Captive Air expansion tanks
are applied in
commercial,
institutional
and industrial
applications
for the control
of pressure
in hydronic
systems. CA
tanks use a
field replaceable bladder to
permanently
separate the
air and water.
-10-
Selection Procedure
EXAMPLE 1
Problem:
Select a full acceptance bladder
style expansion tank for a chilled
water installation. The mechanical
room and expansion tank are located on the lower level. Reliability
and maintenance costs are a consideration. Steel system piping.
Conditions:
System Volume = 10,000 gallons
Minimum temperature = 40F
Maximum temperature = 100F
Building height = 100 ft.
Relief valve (chiller) = 90psig
Calculation of Net
system expansion
Net
System
Expansion = Vs {[(v2/ v1)-1] 3 t}
= 3000 {[(.01613/.01602) -1] 3 (6.5x10-6) 60}
= 3000 {.005696}
= 17.09 gallons
-11-
Selection Procedure
EXAMPLE 2
Problem:
Select an expansion tank for a
heating water installation. The
mechanical room and expansion
tank are located on the roof. First
cost is a major consideration.
System piping copper.
Conditions:
System volume 1,000 gallons.
Minimum temperature = 40 F
Maximum temperature = 240 F
Building height = 50 ft
Relief Valve at boiler = 50 psig
Sizing of a Captive Air
expansion tank
Pa= P1
[(v2/ v1) 1] 3at
Vt = Vs
1 (Pa/ P2)
v1= .01602 ft3/lb (40F)
v2= .01692 ft3/lb (240F)
=9.5x 10-6in/in F for copper piping
t=200 F
Determine minimum pressure
Minimum pressure equals static
pressure plus 5 psi positive pressure
at top of the building (assume 10 ft
of static pressure).
P1
= 10ft x .434 psi/ft + 5 psi
(positive pressure) + 14.7 psia
= 24.04 psi
Maximum pressure equal the
relief valve setting
P2 = 50 psig +14.7 psia
= 64.7 psia
-12-
Product Data
Model
Number
TANK
VOLUME
GAL.
H
HEIGHT
LIT.
INCH
B
DIAMETER
D
DIAMETER
R
RADIUS
SHIPPING
WEIGHT
MM
INCH
MM
INCH
MM
INCH
MM
LBS.
Kg
SYSTEM
CONNECTION
SIZE
CA90-125
23
90
29-1/8
740
16
406
20
508
4-1/4
108
120
55
CA140-125
37
140
40-1/8
1019
16
406
20
508
4-1/2
114
195
88
CA215-125
57
215
58-7/8
1495
16
406
20
508
4-1/2
114
290
132
CA300-125
79
300
57-3/4
1467
20
508
24
610
127
320
145
CA450-125
119
450
77-3/8
1965
20
508
24
610
127
400
181
CA500-125
132
500
85-3/4
2178
20
508
24
610
127
420
191
CA600-125
158
600
71-7/8
1826
24
610
30
762
6-1/4
159
460
209
CA700-125
185
700
80-5/8
2048
24
610
30
762
6-1/4
159
525
238
CA800-125
211
800
89-7/8
2283
24
610
30
762
6-1/4
159
590
268
CA900-125
238
900
73-1/8
1857
30
762
36
914
7-7/16
189
690
313
CA1000-125
264
1000
79
2007
30
762
36
914
7-7/16
189
790
358
CA1100-125
291
1100
85-1/4
2165
30
762
36
914
7-7/16
189
865
392
CA1200-125
317
1200
91
2311
30
762
36
914
7-7/16
189
940
426
CA1300-125
344
1300
97
2464
30
762
36
914
7-7/16
189
980
445
CA1400-125
370
1400
103
2616
30
762
36
914
7-7/16
189
1020
463
CA1500-125
396
1500
73-3/8
1864
40
1016
48
1219
10-15/16
278
1200
544
CA1600-125
422
1600
76-5/8
1946
40
1016
48
1219
10-15/16
278
1380
626
CA1800-125
475
1800
83-1/2
2121
40
1016
48
1219
10-15/16
278
1515
687
CA2000-125
528
2000
90-3/8
2296
40
1016
48
1219
10-15/16
278
1650
748
CA2500-125
660
2500
107-1/8
2721
40
1016
48
1219
10-15/16
278
1838
834
CA3000-125
792
3000
94-1/8
2391
44
1118
54
1372
11-7/16
291
2025
919
CA4000-125
1056
4000
120-3/4
3067
44
1118
54
1372
11-7/16
291
2400
1089
CA5000-125
1320
5000
150-1/4
3816
44
1118
54
1372
11-7/16
291
3100
1406
CA7500-125
1980
7500
128-3/4
3270
62
1575
72
1829
11-1/2
292
3850
1746
CA10000-125
2640
10000
158-1/4
4020
62
1575
72
1829
11-1/2
292
4500
2041
System
Connection
(SEE TABLE)
Lifting Ring
1/2 NPT (12.7mm)
CA600 125 & Larger
(FACTORY USE ONLY)
Lifting Ring
1/2 NPT (12.7mm) DRAIN
(CA140 125 to CA2500 125)
1-1/2 NPT (38.1mm) DRAIN
(CA3000 125 to CA10000 125)
B
D
-13-
Mechanical Specifications
Part 1 GENERAL
1.1 SECTION INCLUDES
A. Expansion tanks
1.2 RELATED SECTIONS
A. Section - Hydronic Piping.
1.3 REFERENCES
A. ASME (BPV VIII, 1) - Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section VIII, Division 1 - Rules
for Construction of Pressure
Vessels; The American Society
of Mechanical Engineers; 2006.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. See Section 01300 -
Administrative Requirements,
for submittal procedures.
B.
Product Data:
Provide product data for
manufactured products
and assemblies required
for this project. Include
component sizes,
rough-in requirements,
service sizes, and finishes.
Include product description,
model and dimensions.
C.
Certificates: Inspection
certificates for pressure
vessels from authority
having jurisdiction.
D. Manufacturers Installation
Instructions: Indicate hanging
and support methods, joining
procedures.
E. Project Record Documents:
Record actual locations of
flow controls.
A. Manufacturer Qualifications:
Company specializing in
manufacturing the type of
products specified in this
section, with minimum five
years of documented
experience.
F.
-14-
Mechanical Specifications
Part 2 PRODUCTS
-15-
Part 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
A. Install specialties in
accordance with
manufacturers instructions.
B. Where large air quantities can
accumulate, provide enlarged
air collection standpipes.
C. Provide manual air vents at
system high points and as
indicated.
D.
E.
Mechanical Specifications
H.
I.
J.
N.
-16-
Notes
-17-
Notes
-18-
Notes
-19-
Taco quality
Taco Inc., 1160 Cranston Street. Cranston, RI 02920 / (401) 942-8000 / Fax (401) 942-2360
Taco (Canada) Ltd., 8450 Lawson Road, Unit #3, Milton, Ontario L9T 0J8 / (905) 564-9422 / Fax (905) 564-9436
www.taco-hvac.com