Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AMR
and Rational Use of
AntibioticsWorkshop
p
Dr.MaryMurray
Dr.
Mary Murray
GlobalNetworkCoordinator
ReAct ActiononAntibioticresistance
i
ibi i
i
Antimicrobialresistance(AMR)
ABR
Antiviral
agents
t
Antiparasitiic
agents
(e.g drugsfor
HIV))
(e.g drugsfor
malaria)
Antibacterialagents
Antibacterial
agents
=Antibiotics
(e.g.drugsfor
t b
tuberculosis)
l i)
and
otherbacterial
other
bacterial
diseases
Surgical
infections
Antibiotic
Resistance
Pneumonia
Gonorrhea
Typhoid
fever
Antibiotic
Resistance
Cancer
Cancer
treatment
Safe child
deliveries
Whoisaffected byABR?
Everyone
y
!
However
vulnerablepopulationswiththehighest
p p
g
infectiousdiseaseburdenpaysthehighestprice
thesepopulationsarealsotheonesthathave
leastaccesstocurrentandfutureinterventions
tomanageantibioticresistance
ThemortalityratefromGramnegative
bloodstreaminfectioninchildren(43,5%)
was more than double that of malaria.
wasmorethandoublethatofmalaria.
Blomberg etal.BMCInfectDis.2007
About70%ofneonatalsystemic
infectionscannotbetreatedwiththe
infections
cannotbetreatedwiththe
antibioticsrecommendedbyWHO.
antibiotics recommended by WHO.
antibioticsrecommendedbyWHO
WHO.
Lancet2005;365:117588
CostImplicationsofgrowingantibioticresistanceARE
HUGE
Typhoidfever
Cost of antibiotics for non-resistant cases
$3-5
$35-42
O l cephalosporins
Oral
h l
i (cefixime)
( fi i )
$37 42
$37-42
$84-104
Wearebeginningtosensethatthehiddenproblemismuchlargerthanweimagined
A Global Problem
Worldwide spread of the 23F clone of penicillin
resistant pneumococci
U.K
France
Korea
USA
Thailand
Mexico
Taiwan
Singapore
Colombia
Argentina
Japan
Brazil
S.Africa
Endemicity
Sporadic reports
2007
Endemicity
Sporadic reports
2005
Thedrugdevelopmentpipelinefor
antibioticshasgonedry
Thelastantibiotic
h l
ibi i class
l was discovered
di
d in
i
1987! No new drugs for:
- Typhoid fever
g
Shigella
The older-antibiotics
Theolder
are rapidly becoming
arerapidly
- Gonorrhoea
ineffective- Urinary
due toantibiotic
resistance
tract infections
- Blood
Bl d infections
i f ti
- ..........
Thepharmaceutical
industry
hasneither
the
- ........
innovativecapacity northecommercial
interest todevelop novel antibiotics
Strategiestostopmanageantibiotic
resistance
i
Prolong the lifespan of existing drugs
Rational Use
B tt diagnostics
Better
di
ti
AntibioticResistance
Causedbyhumanactivityandbyover consumption
ofagobal
g
resource
Afailureofpublicpolicy&globalgovernance,research
prioritizationandthecurrentmarketsystem
Itisacollectiveresponsibilitybygovernments,supranational
It
is a collective responsibility by governments supranational
organizationsandindividualstotakeaction
Throughouractivism,needtoinspirepeopletoholdusall
collectivelyaccountable
Nasa 1969:EarthriseoverthemoonfromApolloII
China
Af i
Africa
Latin
Latin
America
India
South
East
Asia
Australia