LED Lamps

1
ADOPTATION MODEL USING LED LAMPS AT BUKLOD BAHAYAN

TARTARIA SILANG CAVITE
Introduction to Educational Research

College of Education
Adventist University of the Philippines
By:
Belga, Elly Rachelle Anne R.
Merida, Augette M.
Mutia, Jordan Christopher E.
Tipdas, Darwin L.
December 2015

A Thesis Study Presented to

The College of Education
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Course
Introduction to Educational Research
By:
Belga , Elly Rachelle Anne R.
Merida, Augette M.
Tipdas, Darwin L.
December 2015
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled, Adoptation Model Using LED Lamps at Buklod
Bahayan Tartaria Silang Cavite has been prepared and submitted by Belga, Elly
Rachelle Anne R., Merida, Augette M., Mutia, Jordan Christopher E., Tipdas, Darwin L.,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course Introduction to Educational
Research has been examined for acceptance and approval for oral examination.
______________________________
Lorcelie B. Taclan, PhD AEn, MS CP En, BSAEn, RPAE 3458
Adviser
______________________________________________
PANEL EXAMINERS
Examined and approved by the committee last December 11,2015. It was revised
and submitted with the grade of ___________
________________________________
Nerissa S. Batulayan MA
Chair
__________________________________ __________________________________
Marieta B. Pagaduan, MA
Rey L. Gelladuga, MA
Member
Member
__________________________________ __________________________________
Rufina P. Francisco, PhD
Michelle T. Collado, MA
Member
Member
__________________________________________
_____________________________
Caezar F. Idaosos, EdD, PDD
Research Instructor
_______________________________
Gracel Ann S. Saban, PhD
Dean. College of Education
ABSTRACT
Belga , Elly Rachelle Anne R.
Merida, Augette M.
Tipdas, Darwin L.
Puting Kahoy, Silang Cavite
December 2015
Adviser/Co-author : Dr. Lorcelie B. Taclan, PhD AEn, MS CP En, BSAEn, RPAE 3458
Households consumes energy at a growing rate. Power-saving are applied to

different appliances one of which is the introduction of LED lamps. LED lamps consumes
less energy that lead to decrease of consumption and electrical cost. This study focused on
implementing a working adaptation model house using LED lamps and awareness level
questionnaire. Computations was made to calculate the load consumption, kWh rating, and
cost on electricity for the LED adaptation model and the result was evident that using this
technology, decrease in energy consumption and the monthly bill will decrease (73.55%).
Many respondents (out of 100 respondents) confirm that they are aware of the use of LED
lamps but there are factors that are affecting them which result to them not using it. Factors
such as price, family income, and trust in performance are the leading reasons.
Keywords. LED lamps, adaptation model, awareness
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
To God be the Glory! The researchers give thanks to the Heavenly Father for giving
blessings and the wonderful experience of doing this study.
The researchers owe special thanks to each person who contributed greatly on this
thesis. Deepest gratitude is given to them.
Dr. Caezar F. Idaosos, former dean of the College of Education, mentor and
researchers adviser who has given us knowledge on doing research and provided all the
things we need and for the encouragement along the way.
Dr. Lorcelie B. Taclan for sharing her expertise and for giving the researchers
advice, checking the paper and giving solutions to problems that are encountered in making
this study.
Panel members, for inputs for the enrichment of this simple work of ours, our
deepest gratitude.
The researchers would like to express our deepest gratitude to our beloved parents
and sponsors for the support, encouragement and prayers. This could not be possible
without their support. To that, we give our deepest gratitude.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ABSTACT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURE
Page No.
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
x
CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Background of the study
The Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LED Lamps
Lighting the Clean Revolution
Awareness on Lighting Energy Saving and
User Satisfaction in Residential and
Office Buildings
Factors Affecting the Adoption of LED Lamps
Conceptual Framework
Research Paradigm
Definition of Terms
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Population and Sampling Techniques
Instrumentation
Questionnaire
Data Gathering Procedure
Location of the Study
Adoptation Model House
Statistical Treatment of Data
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
16
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Model House Load and Cost Computations
2. Level of Awareness about LED Lamps
17
21
5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
28
30
31
REFERENCES CITED
33
APPENDICES
Appendix A Correspondence
Appendix B Research Instrument
Appendix C Adoptation Model Calculations
34
35
37
41
CURRICULUM VITAE
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
Page No.
Power rating of the types of lamps
17
Old setups number of operation hours
18
Old setups computed power consumption
18
Old setups computed monthly electric cost
19
New setups number of operation hours
19
New setups computed power consumption
20
New setups computed electric cost
20
Respondents gender ratio (%)
22
Number of respondents who uses specific lamp types (%)
22
10
Respondents monthly electric bill (%)
23
11
Number of respondents who are aware of LED lamps

against those who are not aware (%)
23
12
Respondents who uses or have used LED lamps (%)
24
13
Respondents who have seen advertisements about LED lamps
24
10
14
Respondents who think that buying LED lamps is practical (%)
24
15
Respondents who are aware of LED lamps advantages (%)
25
16
Respondents who consider buying LED lamps (%)
25
17
Respondents who are not aware on the environmental impact

of using LED lamps (%)
18
Factors affecting consumers on using LED lamps
26
26
11
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures No.
Page No.
Research paradigm
Location of the adaptation in a map
14
Plan on the placement of LED lamps in the adaptation model
15
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Households these days consume a lot of energy for every day consumption. With
the advancement of technology the growth for the need to save energy increases. Different
ways of conserving energy are now available to the public, one of this is the use of Light
Emitting Diode Lamps (LED Lamps). It has low power consumption with a life span far
exceeding the conventional lamps like incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps. But
the awareness with this technology is still not spread widely.
Energy-saving households not only save money but also help protect the
environment. With these the households can engage in a dual aim of minimizing energy
consumption and maximizing the occupants comfort such as the use of LED Lamps. LED
Lamps have been aggressively promoted and projected to have long life and have huge
advantages against its high initial costs. (Bhavani and Mohan, 2014)
Residential market for LED Lamps in Asia-Pacific is low (8%) compared with
other countries and regions such as Japan (27%), Europe (22%), America (20%) and China
(19%). With these numbers, LED Lamps are not that known on the household levels. Even
for the benefits of the technology, because of the unawareness of the LED Lamps,
households stick to the conventional lamps. Many studies reported that there is a relation
between education level and the to energy-saving activities exposure. Financial income is
also a factor. With the price of LED Lamps still high in the market, households still
purchase the cheap yet inefficient lamps. (Leelakulthanit, 2014)
In the Philippines, many cities are conducting green campaign to lessen the carbon
emission of their infrastructure and also lessen the cost of operation. In Quezon City,
providing electricity for the street lights is a major part of the Governments annual energy
budget and become a part of The Climate Groups LED Light Savers program in 2011 with
11 different countries. The city is working to be a model for other cities in the Philippines
to provide awareness about the benefits of using LED Lamps. The citys project of
retrofitting street lamps with LED Lamps is estimated to be done in five years. (Bautista,
2012).
But even with this the awareness on the household level is still low. Price of LED
Lamps is still high in the local market compared to other lamps. The promotion of the
technology is far less compared to other lamps and most of it is on the internet where
regular consumers dont even search. In Buklod Bahayan Tartaria Silang, Cavite, many
households are still using non- LED lamps. The use of other conventional lamps is still
widely accepted even with the availability of LED lamps in the market.
Background of the Study

Light-emitting diodes, is a type of solid-state lighting that is revolutionizing the
lighting market. LEDs is used in many conventional lighting application in terms of energy
efficiency, lifetime, versatility, and color quality. LEDs is forecasted to represent over 75
percent of all lighting sales by 2030 (Yamada and Chwastyk, 2013).
LED lighting system is applied on many applications and incorporated in smart
home systems. Many works validated LED as a very effective lightning system under
various circumstances. LED can last longer than other lamps making it more efficient in a
long run. LED is more flexible for any relocation of light sources (Sung and Lin, 2013)
In commercial sectors, both energy savings and cost reduction is important. LED
lamps are specified to last around 50,000 hours versus 1000 hours for incandescent and
8000 hours for CFLs leading to fewer maintenance work. LED lamps with 12 W rating
compared to an incandescent lamp with 75 W rating emits 7.33 lbs of carbon per year. This
states that LED lamps is efficient and greener than other conventional lamps (Littelfuse,
2015).
The Statement of the Problem

The proposed study developed a functional model on the adoptation of using LED
lamps at Buklod Bahayan Tartaria Silang, Cavite.
Specifically, the study verified:
1. The percentage decrease of energy consumption from the model house through load
calculations.
2. The level of awareness to the selected households.
Significance of the Study

Buklod Bahayan Households
This study aims to help the households of Buklod Bahayan by giving information
about the benefits of the LED Lamps and how advancement in technology is a necessary
factor one must take to further better ones condition of living. This will help them by
raising their awareness on energy-saving method.
Local Community
This will give information about the benefits of implementing energy-saving
method on offices and public utilities and help them reduce the operation costs. This will
help the community to save money for other projects. Migrating to LED Lamps will
provide good lighting for houses and establishments to give comfort to the people living
or working.
Future Researchers
The study aims to help the future researchers by providing an insight on the benefits
of the using LED Lamps.
Scope and Limitation

The study utilized 100 households in Buklod Bahayan, Tartaria, Silang, Cavite for
CY: 2015-2016. The study examined the awareness of the household to the benefits of
using LED Lamps given the results given by the functional model. The electrical bill of
adoptation model is used only for reference. The result is based on the load calculations of
the LED lamps.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents the literature and studies regarding the awareness and benefits
of LED Lamps from different countries. These literatures are taken from journals, websites,
published and unpublished materials from international and local studies.
LED Lamps
The benefits of LED Lamps are the following:
Size and Efficiency LEDs measures from 3 to 8mm long and can be used or as
part of an array. Because of its size, it can be used in spaces too small for other light
bulbs. In addition, LED emits light in one direction, being more efficient than other
bulbs that waste energy emitting in all directions.
Long Life The life of a high-power white LED is projected to be from 35,000 to
50,000 hours compared to 750 to 2,000 hours for an incandescent bulb, 8,000 to
10,000 hours for a compact fluorescent and 20,000 to 30,000 for linear fluorescent
bulb.
Energy Energy savings from 50% to 70% compared with conventional

technologies result in similar cuts to carbon emissions.
Controllability Superior control over the light color, intensity and direction
allows a wide range of social co-benefits. It has improved visibility for pedestrians
and traffic as well as to reduced light pollution.
( Lexa W. Lee, 2012)
Lighting the Clean Revolution

Efficient lighting on houses, offices and city streets is a key part of the Clean
Revolution. Clean Revolution is a swift and massive scaling up of clean technologies to
create a safe climate, boost economic growth, and secure a prosperous future for all.
Lighting is responsible for 19% of global electricity use and around 6% of global
greenhouse gas emissions. Saving 40% of lighting energy globally would have a climate
impact equivalent to eliminating half the emissions of all electricity and heat production in
the EU. And like many other energy-efficient technologies, efficient lighting will boost
global prosperity. In the United States alone, cutting the energy used by lighting by 40%
would save US$53 billion in annual energy costs, and reduce energy demand equivalent to
198 mid-size power stations. (Philips Lighting, 2012)
Awareness on Lighting Energy Saving and User Satisfaction in Residential and Office
Buildings
Energy saving in buildings not only saves money but also help protect the
environment. As result of this, residential and office buildings aims to satisfy the need for
maximum comfort with minimum energy consumption. A major factor affecting the
unawareness is the packaging information and energy rating information of light sources,
addressing the barriers to adoption of LED Lamps. (Bhavani and Mohan, 2014)
Factors Affecting the Adoption of LED Lamps

Perceived Value
Durability Led lamps are proven to be durable with a useful life of 30,000 to
50,000 hours which is higher than the 1,000 hours for incandescent lamps and 8,000 to
10,000 hours for CFL.
Trustworthiness of LED Lamps Performance LED lamps are new in the
market and many consumer have not yet adopted the technology. Consumers have not yet
trust the claim that LED lamps are green hindering them from using it.
Compatibility with Lighting Fixtures The cost of adopting to LED lamps is
related to whether they need to change their existing lighting fixtures.
Marketing Factors
Brand Minimum level of brand awareness is sufficient in order for the consumer
to make a purchase decision, even when a well-informed attitude does not exist.
Product Availability Consumers environmental consciousness has lagged
behind pro-environmental behaviour because of inadequate availability and marketing of
environmentally-friendly products.
Promotion The convenience of buying or the availability of LED lamps depend
on its promotion especially for those who have no means hearing about the product.
Personal Characteristics
Environmental Consciousness The level of peoples environmental concern is
linked to their interest in and willingness to purchase energy-saving products.
Demographic Profile
Gender Women showed higher levels of altruistic and egoistic value orientations.
It is hypothesized then that female are more likely to purchase LED Lamps compared to
male.
Education Exposure to technology through education is factor on the level of
awareness on energy-saving products like LED Lamps.
Household Income Family income is a major factor in purchasing energy-saving
products. Higher income family are more aware to the idea of technical improvement
compared to the lower income family due to the fact that energy-saving products are at this
time rather expensive(Leelakulthanit, 2014).
Conceptual Framework
This study claims that using LED lamps will generate lower power consumption
that will lead to the decrease in cost as well as saving energy. This study also claims that
the level of awareness on LED lamps is dependent on different factors. People can know
the benefits of LED lamps but can still not implement it based on the factors that are
affecting them.
Research Paradigm
INPUT
THRUPUT
LED Lamps
Knowledge of LED
Lamps
OUTPUT
Level of
Awareness of
LED Lamps
Figure 1. Research paradigm showing the processes being considered in the such as input,
thruput and output
10
Definition of Terms
The terms listed below were defined operationally basic to the study for better
understanding.
Awareness is the level of personal view or knowledge on a specific topic.
Dissemination - the act of spreading something, especially information, widely;
circulation.
LED - LEDs, or light-emitting diodes, are a form of solid-state lighting that is
extremely efficient and long-lasting. While incandescent and fluorescent lights consist of
filaments in glass bulbs or bulbs that contain gases, LEDs consist of small capsules or
lenses in which tiny chips are placed on heat-conducting material.
LED Lamp - is a light-emitting diode (LED) product that is assembled into a
lamp (or light bulb) for use in lighting fixtures.
Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace
incandescent lamp. It uses a third of incandescent lamps power but provide the same
amount of visible light.
Fluorescent Lamp is a low pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses
fluorescence to provide visible light.
Incandescent Lamp - is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high
temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light
Households a family that lives in one house and has a share income and expenses.
Model - a system or thing used as an example to follow or imitate.
11
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discuss the research design, sampling techniques, instrumentation and
the formulas for computation.
Research Design
This study was done using mixed method. Experimental method is an exploratory
research that is used to acquire data of a specific procedure and tested it to provide
efficiency and a consistent result. Quantitative method is a formal; objective, systematic
process in which numerical data are used to gain information about a topic. Mixed research
is chosen as the research to show information about the adoptation model as well as to have
an awareness dissemination on the area in which the study is conducted.
Population and Sampling Techniques

The target population of the study are 100 households currently residing inside
Buklod Bahayan Tartaria, Silang in Cavite for CY: 2015-2016.
Convenience sampling technique was used, where subject is selected because of
their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher. The subjects are selected at
random.
12
Instrumentation
A model house was chosen as the source of data for the calculations to be made for
the electrical power on which an LED lighted house can consume. Both the old (non-LED
lights) and new (LED lights) setup of lighting were used to differentiate their operation.
A self-constructed questionnaire was used to get the level of awareness of the
respondents. A letter explaining the purpose of the study was given to the Homeowners
Association President and the respondents are voluntary and anonymous. After completing
the questionnaire the data gathered are analyse for better understanding of the result.
Questionnaire
The questionnaire used is self-constructed questionnaire with three parts. First is
the respondents profile. Second part is the questions about the awareness on the use of
LED lamps which has to be answered by a Yes or a No. And the last part is a checklist
on what factors does the respondent see as contributory to the unawareness of people on
the use of LED lamps. The questionnaire comprised of three parts:
The first part comprises of gender, electrical lamps current used in their house and
their monthly billing based on a range.
The second part is a set of questions on how much they know about LED lamps
which is answerable by Yes or No.
The third section comprises of factors that may contribute for people to not use
LED lamps.
13
Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked permission to the owner of the model house to conduct an
experiment. The previous lamps were inspected and the power consumption was
calculated. Then the researchers bought LED lamps and then replace the old lamps and
conducted a three week observation. Then the power consumption of the LED setup was
calculated. The specifications of the both the previous lamps and the LED lamps were
recorded and used for the load calculations.
. =
(1)
A letter was written from the College of Education for the approval for handing out
questionnaires. The researchers then handed the letter to the president of Buklod Bahayan
Homeowners Association Inc. Once the letter was approved, the researchers personally
went to the respondents house to hand questionnaires. The researchers collected and
analyse the data gathered from 100 households and interpreted it.
Location of the Study

The study was conducted at Buklod Bahayan Subdivision Barangay Tartaria Silang
Cavite. The model house is at Block 14 Lot 6 with the coordinates of 1412'9.66"N and
121 0'50.41"E (Figure 3.2.1)
14
Figure 2. Location of the adoptation model in a map
Adoptation Model House

Figure 2 shows the model house with a floor area of 21 sq. meters. The lightings
used are one fluorescent lamp in the living room and four compact fluorescent lamps on
the other lightings (Old Setup). These lightings will be replaced by LED lamps (New
Setup) and will be placed in positions shown on the illustration below.
15
Figure 3. Plan on the placement of LED lamps in the adoptation model
16
Statistical Treatment of Data

Formulas Used
This study calculates the power consumption of the lighting used on the model
house. The study needs to find also the cost per month of using the conventional lamps and
LED lamps through computations. Kilowatt per hour (kWh) is the standard unit for the
energy consumption on household and also the one that will reflect on the monthly billing.
To get the kWh used the formula is:

1000
(2)
To find the cost of the usage of the lightings the formula is:
(3)
Percentage and frequency were used to compute the perceptions of the

respondents on the importance of LED lamp.
17
Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter the results of the study are discuss. The first part is the computations
for the load consumption of the model house and the second part is the discussion of the
questionnaire results.
1. Model House Load and Cost Computations

The lamps used have different power ratings. This ratings are taken from the
product specification of each lamps.
Table 1
Power rating of the types of lamps
Lamp type
Power Rating
Fluorescent lamp
40 watts
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
15 watts
LED lamps
5 watts
Old Setup
The operation hours of each lamps differ based on where they are placed. The
fluorescent lamp on the living room runs for 5 hours as well as other 3 compact fluorescent
lamps. One compact fluorescent lamp placed outside the back door operates for 12 hours.
Below is the comparison of the operation hours of specific lamps.
18
Table 2
Old setups number of operation hours
Lamp type
Power Rating
No. hours used
Fluorescent lamp
40 watts
Compact Fluorescent
Lamp
15 watts
Compact Fluorescent
Lamp
15 watts
12
With the power ratings and the operation hours, the power consumption in kilowatts
is computed giving the consumption per day. Below is the power consumption of specific
lamps per day for the old setup.
Table 3
Old setups computed power consumption
Lamp Type
Number
No. of hours used
Fluorescent lamp
Compact fluorescent
lamp
compact fluorescent
lamp
1
3
5
5
Wattage
(kilowatts)
0.2
0.225
12
0.18
19
With the daily consumption, the monthly billing is computed. The charge for each
kilowatt is given at P 1.24. The calculated monthly cost for the old setup is shown below.
Table 4
Old setups computed monthly electric cost
Lamp type
Number
Cost per month
Number of hours
used
150
Fluorescent lamp
Compact
Fluorescent lamp
Compact
Fluorescent lamp
150
P 8.37
360
P 6.696
P 7.44
TOTAL = P 22.506
New Setup Computations

The new setup uses five LED lamps in place of the old lamps. Here is the power
consumption of LED lamps. The number of hours used for each LED lamps are based on
the number of hours usage of the old setup.
Table 5
New setups number of operation hours
Lamp type
Power Rating
No. of hours used
LED lamp
5 watts
LED lamp
5 watts
12
20
With the power ratings and the operation hours, the power consumption in kilowatts
is computed giving the consumption per day. Below is the power consumption of specific
lamps per day for the new setup.
Table 6
New setups computed power consumption
Lamp Type
Number
No. of hours used
Wattage
(kilowatts)
LED lamp
0.1
LED lamp
12
0.06
With the power consumption per day computed, the calculated monthly cost for the
new setup is shown below.
Table 7
New setups computed monthly electric cost
Lamp type
Number
Number of hours
used
Cost per month
LED lamp
150
P 3.72
LED lamp
360
P 2.232
TOTAL = P 5.952
21
Comparison
With the result from the computations, using the old model can generate 18.15 kWh
per month while the new model will generate only 4.8 kWh per month. LED setup
consumes only 26% of the previous power consumption. The cost on using the old model
amounts to a total of P 22.506 per month with the current billing charge of Meralco. The
LED setup operation costs P 5.952 per month. The LED setup billing is 73.55% lower than
the billing for the old setup. This shows that the power consumption of using LED lamps
will lessen the cost of the household as well as reduce the energy consumption and help to
the conservation of resources.
2. Level of Awareness about LED Lamps

This section discuss the results of the questionnaires on how aware the people on
the use LED lamps on Buklod Bahayan Subdivision.
Presentation of Data
One-way table approach is used on analysing the data. The data shown is the
percentage of the respondents who answered the question. The data below shows the
gender ratio of the respondents.
22
Table 8
Respondents gender ratio (%)
Gender
Respondents
Male
29
Female
71
Table 9
Number of respondents who uses specific lamp types (%)
Lamp Type
Users
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
47
Fluorescent lamp
43
Incandescent lamp
LED lamp
40
The data for lamp type is not limited to one house with one lamp type. Some houses
have combination of lamps. The numbers above shows that out of the 100 respondents
there are 47 who uses CFL, 43 who uses fluorescent lamps, 2 who uses incandescent lamps
and 40 who uses LED lamps.
The current monthly billing estimation for each house is given in a range. The range
is from below P 300, in between P 300 and P 500, and those who have monthly bills of
above P 500. The range used is based on the average monthly billing of the adoptation
model house. The average is P 400 monthly. Below is the table for the monthly billing of
the houses participated on the questionnaires.
23
Table 10
Respondents monthly electric bill (%)
Monthly Electrical Billing
Number of respondents
below P 300
13
P 300 P 500
27
above P 500
60
Part two of the questionnaire shows the level of awareness about LED lamps. Next,
the table below shows how many of the respondents know or at least heard about LED
lamps.
Table 11
Number of respondents who are aware of LED lamps against those who are not aware (%)
Aware about it
82
Not yet aware about it
18
A large number of the respondents know about LED lamps. They said that theyve
heard about it or tried using it before. This shows that many of the respondents have a
general idea of what LED lamps.
The respondents were asked about if they use LED lamps in their house. This will
show how many of the respondents actually implemented LED lamps knowing its benefits.
The next table shows how many of the respondent uses LED lamps on their house or at
least tried using LED lamps before.
24
Table 12
Respondents who uses or have used LED lamps (%)
Have used Led lamps
51
Not yet used led lamps
49
One of the source of information about new technology are television, internet and
magazines. Next shows the number of respondent who have seen advertisements about
LED lamps on television, internet and other advertising media.
Table 13
Respondents who have seen advertisements about LED lamps (%)
Have seen advertisements
73
Have not yet seen advertisements
27
Next shows those who have said that it is economical or practical to buy LED lamps
considering its price higher than other lamps available in the market.
Table 14
Respondents who think that buying LED lamps is practical (%)
Practical
61
Not practical
39
25
The next table shows the number of respondents who knows the advantages and
benefits of using LED lamps in compare to other types of lamps.
Table 15
Respondents who are aware of LED lamps advantages (%)
Aware
78
Not aware
22
Next is the number of respondents who consider buying or using LED lamps after
knowing the benefits of using LED lamps.
Table 16
Respondents who consider buying LED lamps (%)
Considering
67
Not considering
33
The last question ask about the environmental impact of using LED lamps. This is
to show if the respondents are aware of energy-saving methods. The next table shows the
number of respondents who see the benefit of using LED lamps to the environment.
26
Table 17
Respondents who are aware on the environmental impact of using LED lamps (%)
Aware
71
Not aware
29
Part three of the questionnaire show factors affecting consumers on using LED
lamps. These factors may contribute to them not using LED lamps even though they are
aware of it benefits.
Table 18
Factors affecting consumers on using LED lamps
FACTORS
RESPONDENTS (%)
Price
61
Durability
33
Trust in performance
45
Compatibility with lighting fixtures
20
Brand
15
Gender
Availability
26
Promotion
13
Environmental awareness
25
27
Educational group
Income
31
These numbers shows how many of the respondents feels that these factors affects
them from buying or using LED lamps.
Discussion
The study conducted an adoptation model using LED lamps. The house use
fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps before. The research showed the difference in
the electrical cost and power consumption between the former setup and LED setup. The
result showed that the power saved from using LED lamp is 73.55% of the old setup. The
cost is also lessen by 73.55%.
The awareness level of the respondents about LED lamps is high but they are
hesitant to buy it because of mainly the price. The respondents said they are focusing on
whats more essential to their living rather than investing on power-saving method such as
using LED lamps.
28
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In this chapter, the summary of the findings, conclusions and recommendations are
presented.
Summary of Findings
This study presented an adoptation model house that uses LED lamps for its
electrical lightings. The house originally uses fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps.
The total power generated for both setup is computed. The old setup which uses 1
fluorescent lamp and 4 compact fluorescent lamps which have 40 watts and 15 watts power
rating respectively. The lamps are not turned on all the time. The fluorescent lamp and 3
CFLs are turned on for 5 hours and 1 CFL for 12 hours a day. This setup consumes a total
of 0.605 kWh and a total of 18.15 kWh per month of energy. With the current charge of
Meralco per kWh of P 1.24, the total cost on electricity with this setup is P 22.506.
On the new setup using LED lamps that has a power rating of 5 watts, with
operation time that is similar to the old setup, the total energy consumes 0.16 kWh per day
and a total of 4.8kWh per month. This setup total electric cost per month is P 5.952.
Compared to the old setup, the LED setup saves 73.55% of the cost and energy compare
to the old setup.
The study also conducted an awareness dissemination on the community where the
adoptation model is located. The number of respondents is 100. The questionnaires ask
about the level of awareness of the respondents to the use of LED lamps. 40% of the
respondents uses LED lamps and some used a combination of other lamps. Their monthly
29
billing is asked with the range based on the average monthly bill of the adoptation model
of which 27% are in the same range with the adoptation model.
The awareness of the respondents to the use of LED lamps is high at 82% but only
51% of them actually used it. This shows that there are factors that are affecting them from
using LED lamps. Some of the respondents are aware of LED lamps despite not seeing
advertisements about it (73%). On the practicality, 61% of the respondents dont see it
economical because of its price. This shows that the respondents will still use other lamps
because it is much cheaper and hesitate to invest to LED lamps. Most of the respondents
know LED lamps advantages (78%) and considering on buying LED lamps after being
oriented with its benefits (67%). 71% of the respondents are aware of LED lamps
contribution to the green campaign but they are still constraint with practicality.
The factors affecting consumers the most is the LED lamps price (61%), trust in
performance (45%), durability (33%) and household income (31%). Factors such as
availability (26%), environmental awareness (25%), compatibility with lighting fixtures
(20%), brand (15%) and promotion (13%) contribute lesser to their unawareness.
Educational group (8%) and gender (5%) contribute the least.
30
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
LED lamps shows significant results and will lead in decreasing the cost on
electrical bill. Given the setup, LED lamps last longer compared to the old setup where the
lamps are regularly replace. The cost is likely to exceed the investment of using LED
lamps. Using LED lamps saves energy and help on conserving the natural resources.
The awareness level of people about LED lamps is high now compared to the
researches done before. People are acquainted on the benefits of using LED lamps and they
are considering on using LED lamps. But the current price of LED lamps is still higher
than the regular lamps hindering them from using it. Some people still dont trust the
technology and see the benefits advertised by the product as gimmick to increase the sale.
Even though there are doubts and the price still high, people are now starting to use
LED lamps and some of the respondents see its benefits given that their LED lamps were
not replaced for a year. With the growing consciousness of the consumers, they now
consider using energy saving devices and with this helps promote an efficient way of living.
31
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were given:
Promotion. Many people still doubt the performance of LED lamps and thinks of
it as marketing scheme. A more in depth promotion that shows LED lamps performance in
a way that is easy to understand and make a clear boundary between the benefits of LED
lamps against other lamps. This will clear all the misconceptions about using LED and give
the consumer a good background about its performance.
Price. LED lamps is still expensive and people still go with the one cheaper. Price
of technology is dependent with how long has it been in the market. If companies can lower
the retail price, it will attract more consumers who are aware of LED lamps benefits but
hesitant to buy.
Government action. Local government actions contribute to the mind-set of its

constituents. Local governments can invest in replacing offices, facilities and street
lightings with LED lamps. This will help promote the use of the product and will encourage
localities in following the example. This will help lessen the spending cost for operation
while giving a good example to the people.
32
Future Researchers. Researchers should conduct an in-depth seminar to the

people and give a clear discussion of the benefits and the contribution LED lamps can give
to their households as well as with the environment. Then a trial can be made for them to
test the product for themselves and will clear the doubts they have of using LED lamps.
33
REFERENCES CITED
Bhavani, R., & Mohan, M. (2014, March 17-18). Awareness on Lighting Energy Saving
and User Satisfaction in Residential and Office Buildings. International Conference
on Biological, Civil and Environmental Engineering (BCEE-2014).
Horgan, M. S., & Dwan, D. J. (2014, April 1). The Feasibility of LED Lighting for
Commercial Use. Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Lee, L. W. (2012, August 18). The Advantages & Benefits of LED Lighting. Retrieved
from
http://www.hitlightsled.com/2012/08/the-advantages-benefits-of-ledlighting.html
Leelakulthanit, O. (2014, July-August). The Factors Affecting The Adoption. International
Business & Economics Research Journal Volume 13, Number 4. Thailand:
National Institute of Development Administration.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Design Guide. (2015). Littelfuse, Inc.
Philips. (2010). LED Lighting: Getting It Right Avoiding common misconceptions about
LED sources and fixtures. Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. United
States: Philips Color Kinetics.
Sung, W.-T., & Lin, J.-S. (2013). Design and Implementation of a Smart LED Lighting
System Using a Self Adaptive Weighted Data Fusion Algorithm. Taiwan:
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology.
Yamada, M., & Chwastyk, D. (2013, April). Adoption of Light-Emitting Diodes in
Common Lighting Applications. United States: U.S. Department of Energy.
34
APPENDICES
35
Appendix A
Correspondence
36
37
Appendix B
Research Instrument
38
ADOPTATION MODEL USING LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) LAMPS AT

BUKLOD BAHAYAN TARTARIA SILANG CAVITE
QUESTIONNAIRE
Part I. RESPONDENTS PROFILE

Instruction: Please check the parentheses ( ) that corresponds to your answer.
Gender:
( ) Male
( ) Female
Electrical Lightings Currently used at home,

( ) Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)
( ) Fluorescent Lamps
( ) Incandescent Lamps
( ) LED Lamps
( ) Others
Current Electrical Bill
( ) below P300
( ) P300 P500
( ) above P500
39
Part II. AWARENESS LEVEL ON THE USE OF LED LAMPS

Yes
No
1. Do you know about LED lamps?
()
()
2. Do you use LED lamps in your house?
()
()
3. Have you seen advertisements about LED lamps?
()
()
4. Do you find it economical with its price higher
()
()
()
()
6. Have you consider buying LED lamps?
()
()
7. Are you aware of the environmental impact of using
()
()
than other lamps?

5. Do you know the advantages of LED lamps compared
to other lamps? (e.g. lower power consumption)
LED lamps?
Part III. What factors do you see that affects you from using LED lamps?
( ) Price
( ) Availability
( ) Durability
( ) Promotion
( ) Trust in performance
( ) Environmental unawareness
( ) Compatibility w/ lighting fixtures
( ) Educational Group
( ) Brand
( ) Income
( ) Gender
40
Appendix C
Adoptation Model Calculations
41
Old Setup
Given:
Power Rating:
Fluorescent Lamp = 40 W
Compact Fluorescent Lamp = 15 W
Solution:
Power consumption per day
5 hours of operation fluorescent lamp
1 40
5 = 0.2
1000
5 hours of operation (3) compact fluorescent lamp

3 15
5 = 0.225
1000

1 15
12 = 0.18
1000
42
Electric cost per month

150 hours of operation fluorescent lamp
0.2 30 1.24 = 7.44

0.225 30 1.24 = 8.37

0.18 30 1.24 = 6.696
Total consumption of the old model = P 22.506/month
43
New Setup
Given:
Power Rating:
LED lamp = 5 W
Solution:
Power consumption per day
5 hours of operation (4) LED lamp
4 5
5 = 0.1
1000

1 5
12 = 0.06
1000
Electric cost per month:

150 hours of operation LED lamp
0.1 30 1.24 = 3.72

0.06 30 1.24 = 2.232
Total consumption of the new model = P 5.952/month
44
CURRICULUM VITAE
45
_______________________________________________________________________
Personal Information
Name
Address
:
:
Contact No
E-mail Address
Date of Birth
Age
Gender
Civil Status
Nationality
Place of Birth
Religion
Height
Weight
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Elly Rachelle Anne R. Belga

Blk 38 Lot 6, Bellflower Street, Laguna
BelAir 1, Brgy. Don Jose, Sta. Rosa City,
Laguna
(+63) 936 950 4437
shie.belga@yahoo.com
November 14, 1992
23
Female
Single
Filipino
Naga City
Seventh-day Adventist
54
47kg
Education Background
Tertiary
Bachelor of Science in Electronics Technology

Adventist University of the Philippines (2015)
Puting kahoy, Silang, Cavite
Secondary
Naga View Adventist College (2009)

Panicuason, Naga City
Elementary
(2005)
Port Junction Adventist Elementary School

Port Junction, Ragay, Camarines Sur
46
Seminar Attended
Mobile Apps Development (April 11, 2014)

Sponsor: Smart Communications Inc.
Work Experience
PRACTICUM
AUP: Technical Vocational and Education Training (November 2014
March 2015)
Student Technician
47
Name
Address
:
:
Contact No
E-mail Address
Date of Birth
Age
Gender
Civil Status
Nationality
Place of Birth
Religion
Height
Weight
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Augette M. Merida
Puting Kahoy Silang Cavite 4118
(+63) 9152344678
augette_merida@yahoo.com
June 03, 1990
24
Male
Single
Filipino
Tiguihan Pola Oriental Mindoro
55
60kg
Tertiary
Secondary

Domingo Yu Chu National High School (2007)
Maluanluan Pola Oriental Mindoro
Elementary
Tiguihan Elementary School (2001)

Tiguihan Pola Oriental Mindoro
48
Work Experiences
AUP: Audio Visual Room (2013 2015)
Audio Visual Center Operator
AUP: DEVCOM (AUP RADIO STATION) (2011 2013)
Radio FM Operator
AUP: Farm Department (2009 2010)
Farm Worker
49
Name
Address
:
:
Contact No
E-mail Address
Date of Birth
Age
Gender
Civil Status
Nationality
Place of Birth
Religion
Height
Weight
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Jordan Christopher E. Mutia

Block A1 Lot16 Country Meadow, Brgy.
San Francisco, General Trias, Cavite
(+63) 927-720-4969
jordan_mutia@yahoo.com
June 11, 1993
22
Male
Single
Filipino
San Pedro, Laguna, Philippines
56
68kg
Tertiary

Secondary
Roxas SDA Academy (2009)

Paclasan, Roxas Oriental Mindoro
Elementary
Bian SDA Elementary School (2005)

San Vicente, Bian Laguna
50
Seminars Attended
Mobile Apps Development (April 11, 2014)
Sponsor: Smart Communication Inc.
SMART Networking Fundamentals (November 14-16, 2012)

Work Experiences
PRACTICUM
AUP: Technical Vocational and Education Training (November 2014
March 2015)
Student Technician
ON- THE- JOB TRAINING

Artesyn Embbeded Technologies (July October 2015)
Junior Technician
51
Name
Address
:
:
Contact No
E-mail Address
Date of Birth
Age
Gender
Civil Status
Nationality
Place of Birth
Religion
Height
Weight
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Darwin L. Tipdas
Block 14 Lot6 Buklod Bahayan Subd.
Brgy. Tartaria Silang Cavite
(+63) 915-501-5915
darwintipdas@gmail.com
August 04, 1992
23
Male
Single
Filipino
Bayanan Muntimlupa City
Roman Catholic
58
63kg
Tertiary
Bachelor of Science in Electronics and

Communications Engineering
Secondary
Westridge Academy (2009)

Tartaria Silang Cavite
Elementary
Westridge Academy (2005)

Tartaria Silang Cavite
52
Seminars Attended
SMART Networking Fundamentals (November 14-16, 2012)

GSM & Higher Generation Cellular Technology (April 2011)

VPN & IP Video Technology (May 2010

Work Experience
On the Job Training: ON Semiconductor (2014)
Engineering Assistant

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1

ADOPTATION MODEL USING LED LAMPS AT BUKLOD BAHAYAN

Introduction to Educational Research

ADOPTATION MODEL USING LED LAMPS AT BUKLOD BAHAYAN

A Thesis Study Presented to

Households consumes energy at a growing rate. Power-saving are applied to

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Power rating of the types of lamps

Old setups number of operation hours

Old setups computed power consumption

Old setups computed monthly electric cost

New setups number of operation hours

New setups computed power consumption

New setups computed electric cost

Respondents gender ratio (%)

Number of respondents who uses specific lamp types (%)

Respondents monthly electric bill (%)

Number of respondents who are aware of LED lamps

Respondents who uses or have used LED lamps (%)

Respondents who have seen advertisements about LED lamps

Respondents who think that buying LED lamps is practical (%)

Respondents who are aware of LED lamps advantages (%)

Respondents who consider buying LED lamps (%)

Respondents who are not aware on the environmental impact

Factors affecting consumers on using LED lamps

Location of the adaptation in a map

Plan on the placement of LED lamps in the adaptation model

Background of the Study

The Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Scope and Limitation

Energy Energy savings from 50% to 70% compared with conventional

Lighting the Clean Revolution

Factors Affecting the Adoption of LED Lamps

Population and Sampling Techniques

Data Gathering Procedure

Location of the Study

Figure 2. Location of the adoptation model in a map

Adoptation Model House

Figure 3. Plan on the placement of LED lamps in the adoptation model

Statistical Treatment of Data

To get the kWh used the formula is:

Percentage and frequency were used to compute the perceptions of the

1. Model House Load and Cost Computations

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

No. hours used

No. of hours used

Cost per month

New Setup Computations

No. of hours used

No. of hours used

Cost per month

2. Level of Awareness about LED Lamps

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Not yet aware about it

Have used Led lamps

Not yet used led lamps

Have not yet seen advertisements

Compatibility with lighting fixtures

Government action. Local government actions contribute to the mind-set of its

Future Researchers. Researchers should conduct an in-depth seminar to the

ADOPTATION MODEL USING LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) LAMPS AT