1.

1 Manufacturing
The pipe shall be made by the seamless or an automatic welding process, with no addition of filler
material in the welding process as per the ASTM A790 specification.
The pipe shall be pickled free from Scale. When bright annealing is used pickling is not necessary.
The pipes and joints shall be systematically checked for any manufacturing defects by experienced
supervisors so as to maintain a high standard of quality. Owner/Engineer shall at all reasonable times
have free access to the place where the pipes and joints are manufactured for the purpose of
examining and testing the pipes and joints and of witnessing the test and manufacturing.
Care shall be taken that the resulting wall thickness does not become less than the minimum specified.
If the wall thickness becomes less than the minimum specified, as per ANSI B36.19, the damaged
portion should be cut out as cylinder and replaced by an undamaged piece of pipe at no extra cost to
the Engineer.

1.1.1

General

This specification covers Seamless and straight seam welded Austenitic / ferritic steel pipe intended to
use under corrosive service with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
The manufacturing, testing, supplying, joining and testing at work site of Super duplex pipes
shall comply with all currently applicable statues, regulations, standards and codes. In particular,
the following standards unless otherwise specified here in, shall be referred. In all cases, the latest
revision of the codes shall be referred to. If requirements of this specification conflicts with the
requirements of the codes and standards, this specification shall govern.

1.1.2

Applicable Codes

ASTM A 815
ASTM A 262
ASTM A
388/A388 M
ASTM A 960/A
960M
ASTM A 763
ASTM A 234/
A 234M
ASTM A
275/275M
ASTM A
336/336M
ASTM A
403/403A
ASTM A 479/A
479M
ASTM A 484/A

Standard specification for Wrought ferritic, ferritic / Austenitic , and

Martensitic stainless steel fittings
Practice for detecting Susceptibility to intergranular Attack in Austenitic
stainless Steel
Practice for ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings
Specification for common requirements for wrought steel piping fittings
Practice for detecting Susceptibility to intergranular Attack in Ferritic
stainless Steel
Specification for piping fitting of wrought carbon steel and alloy for
moderate and elevated temperatures
Test method for magnetic particle examination of steel forgings
Specification for steel forgings ,alloy for high pressure and high
temperature parts
Specification for Wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings
Specification for stainless and heat resistant bar and shapes for use in
boilers and other pressure vessel
Specification for general requirements for stainless steel and heat-resistant

484M
ASTM A 739

bars, billets and forgings

Specification for steel bars, Alloy ,Hot-Wrought for elevated temperature
for pressure containing parts, or both
ASTM A 751
Test methods ,practices , and terminology for Chemical Analysis of steel
products
MSS SP-43
Standard practice for light weight stainless butt-welding fittings
MSS SP-79
Socket welding reducer inserts
MSS SP-83
Steel pipe unions, Socket-Welding and threaded
MSS SP-95
Swage nipples and plugs
ASME B 16.9
Wrought Steel Butt-welding fittings
ASME B 16.11 Forged Steel fittings ,socket welding and threaded
ASME B 16.5
Dimensional Standard for steel pipe flanges and flanged fittings
ASME B 16.10 Face-to-face and End-to-End Dimension of ferrous fittings
ASME Section IX- Welding Qualification
SFA- 5.4
Specification for corrosion-resistance chromium and chromium-Nickel
steel covered welding electrodes
SFA- 5.5
Specification for low-Alloy steel covered arc welding electrodes
SFA- 5.9
Specification for corrosion-resistance chromium and chromium-Nickel
steel welding rods and electrodes
SFA- 5.11
Specification for nickel and nickel alloy covered welding electrodes

1.1.3

Properties

The material shall withstand under severe corrosive environment and pipe shall meet or exceed the
minimum longitudinal tensile / compressive strength as per relevant clauses of ASTM A790
specification.
The material shall conform the chemical requirements as prescribed in ASTM A790 specification
such that the PREN number should not be less than 43, The PREN number shall be calculated through
the following formula:PREN = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N, Where Cr- Chromium, Mo- Molybdenum, N-Nitrogen
The steel shall conform to the tensile and hardness properties prescribed in ASTM A790 specification.

1.1.4

Dimension

Pipes shall be designated by nominal standard diameters. The nominal diameters, minimum wall
thickness/schedule number, length of barrel, joints etc. Shall be within the tolerance limits specified
in ANSI B36.19/ASTM A999.

1.1.5

Heat treatment

Unless otherwise stated in order, all pipes shall be furnished in the heat treated condition as specified
in ASTM A790 specification.
For seamless pipe, as an alternative to final heat treatment in a continuous furnace or batch type
furnace, immediately following hot forming while the temperature of the pipe is not less than the
specified minimum solution treatment temperature, pipes shall be individually quenched in water or
rapidly cooled by other means.

1.1.1

Workmanship and finish

The finished pipe shall be reasonably straight and shall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may
be removed by grinding, provided the wall thickness are not decrease to less than that permitted , in
the permissible variation in wall thickness section of specification A999/A999M.

1.1.7

Testing

1.1.7.a

Mechanical testing

One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 100 pipes. Tension test shall be
made on specimens of more than 100 pipes.
For a pipe heat treated in a batch type furnace, flattening test shall be made on 5% of the pipe from
each heat treated lot. For a welded pipe with a diameter equal to or exceeding NPS 10, a transverse
guided face bend test of weld any be conducted instead of a flattening test in accordance with the
method outlined in the steel tubular product supplement of tests methods and definitions ASTM A
370.The ductility of the weld shall be acceptable when there is no evidence of cracks in the weld or
between the base material after bending.
Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimen from two pipes from each lot.

1.1.7.b

Hydrostatic / Non-destructive electric test

Each pipe shall be subjected to non-destructive electric or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be
used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in purchase order. The
hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with specification ASTM A999/A999M. The hydrostatic test
pressure shall be equal to 50% of specified minimum yield strength of the pipe.
Non-destructive electric test shall be in accordance with practice ASTM E213.
For eddy current test the maximum eddy-current coil frequency used shall be as per given value in
ASTM A 790.

1.1.8

Repairing by welding

For welded pipes of size NPS 6 or larger with a specified wall thickness of 0.188 inch (4.8 mm) or
more , weld repairs made with the addition of compatible filler metal may be made to the weld seam
with the same procedure specified for plate defects in section on repair by welding of ASTM
A999/A999M.
Weld repairs of the weld seam shall not exceed 20% of the seam length.

1.1.9

Marking

The following information shall be clearly marked on each pipe and special:
Manufacturer's name or trademark
Material identification, either the ASTM or ASME grade designation
Schedule number or nominal wall thickness in mm
Size - the nominal pipe size (NPS) identification number related to the end connections shall be
used
Class of pipe (Grade or UNS number) and special with its serial number

1.2 Jointing
1.2.1
Flanged joint
The flanges for pipes and specials shall be as per ANSI 16.5, with suitable rating applicable for the
designed pressure. Flanges shall be provided at the end of pipes or specials where valves, blank
flanges etc. have to be introduced or flanged joints for the pipes are specified. The flanges shall have
necessary bolt holes drilled. It might be necessary for contractor to follow the instructions and
specifications given by the valve manufacturer. All bolts, nuts and packing material required for
flanged joints shall be provided by the Contractor. Bolts /studs, nuts and washer shall conform to
ANSI B 18.2.1/ANSI B 18.2.2. Whereas metallic gasket with flexible graphite filled with carbon steel
outer ring of required thickness shall conform to ASME B 16.20.
All the piping flanges and counter flanges & their drilling shall generally conform to ANSI B 16.5
of relevant pressure & temperature class.

1.2.2

Welded Joints

Where pipes or fittings are joined together by welding, following process can be used to weld
Tungsten arc welding/ Plasma arc welding/Submerge arc Welding/ Metal Arc welding or any similar
approved welding process as per approved Welding procedure specification (WPS) & Procedure
Qualification Record (PQR). All welding work shall be carried out by qualified welders as per
standard code ASME Section IX.
Pipes below 50 NB shall be plain end and the same shall be square groove welded, whereas pipes 50
NB & above shall be butt welded.
For Duplex Stainless steel fittings and flanges shall be forged (wrought) or casting having the same
schedule and equivalent material of construction having similar grade
Welded duplex/super duplex stainless steel piping need not be stress relieved except where
specified in PQR. Such stress relieving may be done by uniformly heating welded
area with nichrome/induction coil to 660 15 C, holding the temperature for one hour for each 25
mm of wall thickness or fraction thereof, and then cooling at a rate not in excess of 315 C per hour in
still air.

1.2.3

Dismantling joints

The Contractor shall provide flexibility in the pipework at joints in the main structures and
shall submit proposals for the approval of the Engineer. Flexible joints shall also be provided for
case of erection and future dismantling. Flexible couplings and flange adaptors shall be meeting with
the requirements set forth by AWWA C 227 or similar approved pattern and be assembled in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and protected.
Wherever installation of valve is required as per design it should be provided with Victaulic type
dismantling valve adaptors

1.3 Pipe Fittings

The information under this clause covers the material specification, manufacturing, testing and other
information for the piping fittings for the super duplex steel.
Fittings below 50 NB shall be forged fitting and socket welded ends, with relevant pressure rating not
less than 3000#. The material shall be UNS S32750 as per ASTM A182/182M, Grade F 53 with
PREN number not less than 43, the formula for calculating PREN number shall be as per clause 1.1.3
in this document. The dimensional standard shall be as per ASME B 16.11.
The ferritic steel may be made by the open hearth, electric furnace, or basic-oxygen process with
separate degassing and refining optional. A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from
injurious piping and undue segregation.
After the hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a temperature below 538 C prior to heat treatment
in accordance with the requirement as given in ASTM A182/182M.
The chemical properties/composition of the material shall be in accordance with ASTM A182/182M.
Mechanical testing, cast analysis, product analysis, shall be govern by relevant ASTM specification.
Fittings 50 NB and above shall be wrought ferritic-austenitic stainless steel (seam welded) with buttwelded end. The material shall be UNS S 32750 as per ASTM A815/ASTM 815M, Grade WP-W,
with PREN number not less than 43, the formula for calculating PREN number shall be as per clause
1.1.3 in this document. The dimensional standard shall be in accordance with ANSI B 16.9.
The fittings ordered as class WP-W shall meet the requirements of specification ASTM A 960/960M
and shall have all welds made by fitting manufacturer of all pipe welds made with the filler material
radio graphically examined throughout the entire length.
All welding shall be done prior to the heat treatment and all fittings shall be heat treated in accordance
with the requirements specified in ASTM A815.

1.3 Pipe Flanges

All flanges shall forged and as per the ANSI B16.5, the material for flanges shall be UNS S32750 as
per ASTM A182/A182M.
Flanges below 50 NB shall be SWRF with pressure class rating of 600#, while Flanges 50 NB and
above shall be RF with pressure class 600#. Flanges shall be provided at the end of pipes or specials
where valves, blank flanges etc. have to be introduced or flanged joints for the pipes are specified.
The flanges shall have necessary bolt holes drilled. It might be necessary for contractor to follow the
instructions and specifications given by the valve manufacturer.
All bolts, nuts and packing material required for flanged joints shall be provided by the Contractor.
Bolts /studs, nuts and washer shall conform to ANSI B 18.2.1/ANSI B 18.2.2. Whereas metallic
gasket with flexible graphite filled with carbon steel outer ring of required thickness shall conform to
ASME B 16.20.

TABLE-1
Description

Size

Dim. Std.

Material

Remark

Pipe

Below 50 NB B36.19

ASTM
S32750

Pipe

50 NB and
B36.19
Above

ASTM
S32750

Flange

ANSI
Below 50 NB
16.5

B ASTM A182 GR F53,

600#,SWRF
UNS S32750

Flange

50 NB and ANSI
Above
16.5

B ASTM A182 GR F53,

600#,RF
UNS S32750

ELBOW 90

ANSI
Below 50 NB
16.11

B ASTM A182 GR F53,

SW,3000#
UNS S32750

ELBOW 90

50 NB and ANSI
Above
16.9

B ASTM
A815
S32750 WP-W

TEE

ANSI
Below 50 NB
16.11

B ASTM A182 GR F53,

SW,3000#
UNS S32750

TEE

50 NB and ANSI
Above
16.9

B ASTM
A815
S32750 WP-W

UNS

REDUCER

ANSI
Below 50 NB
16.9

B ASTM
A815
S32750 WP-W

UNS

REDUCER

50 NB and ANSI
Above
16.9

B ASTM
A815
S32750 WP-W

UNS

HALF
COUPLING

GASKET

Bolt / Stud , Nut

& Washer

Below 50 NB MSS SP-95

UNS

A790

UNS Seamless/Straight
seam welded, BW end

A815

UNS

UNS

Seamless, PE

1.5D,BW

BW

BW

BW

SEAMLESS

3mm THK, SPIRAL

WOUND, SS 316 ,
FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE TO SUIT
FILLED
WITH 600#
CARBON
STEEL
OUTER RING,

B 16.20

ANSI B
18.2.1/
ANSI
18.2.2

ASTM
S32750

A790

STUD: A193 GR.B7.

NUT:A194 GR.2H

CLASS