Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another.

Transportation engineering is a branch of engineering dealing with planning, designing, estimation, construction,
operation, maintenance, rehabilitation and management of transportation infrastructure for movement of people and
goods from one place to the other safely, timely, conveniently, comfortably, economically by using various modes
like highways, railways, air ways, water ways and pipe ways also.
Acronyms and Abbrevaition

Transportation Acronym Guide

Not finding an acronym you're looking for? Let
us know. Chances are that if you're looking for it,
someone else is too. Italicized text indicates
publication titles.
For more information about transportation
acronyms, check out the Federal Bureau of
Transportation Statistics Acronym Guide
A BCDEFGHI J KLMNOPQRS TUVWXYZ

A
AAAE American Association
of Airport Executives
AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic
AAG Assistant Attorney General
AAMV American Association
A
of Motor Vehicle Administrators
AAR Association of American Railroads
AASH American Association of State Highway
TO
and TransportationOfficials
A/B
Able Bodied
ACP Asphalt Concrete Pavement
ACS Adaptive Control Software
ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
ADC Automated Data Collection
ADT Average Daily Traffic
AGC Associated General Contractors
AIA
American Institute of Architects
AIDA Advanced Incident Detection Algorithm
AIRS Automated Infrared Roadside Scanning
AISC American Institute of Steel Constructors,
Inc.
ALP Airport Layout Plan

ALPR
AMTR
AK
ANSI
AOCI
AOPA
APAW
APD
APTA
APWA
AQCR
ARB
ARM
ARRA

Automatic License Plate Reader

National Rail Passenger Corporation
American National Standards Institute
Airport Operators Council International
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
Asphalt Paving Association
of Washington
Airport Planning District
American Public Transit Association
American Public Works Association
Air Quality Control Requirements
OR Air Quality ControlRegulations
Agency Request Budget
Accumulated Route Mileage
American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act
American Road
and Transportation Builders Association

ARTB
A
ARTC
Air Route Traffic Control Center
C
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASCII American Standard Code
for Information Interchange
ASR Alkali-Silica Reactivity
ASTM American Society for Testing
and Materials
ATA Airline Transport Association
also American TruckingAssociation
ATMS Automated Training Management Syste
m
ATR Annual Traffic Report
AVA Air Void Analyzer
AVMT Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled
AWC Association of Washington Cities
AWDT Average Weekday Traffic
AWDV
Average Weekday Vehicle Trip Ends
TE
AWS American Welding Society
AWV Alaskan Way Viaduct

top

BASS
B/C
BEIST
BIA
BM
BM
BMP
BMP
BOD
BOE
BPA
BST
BTS

C
CA
CAB
CAC
CACH
S
CAD
CADD
CAE

Bid Analysis and Statistics System

Benefit Cost
Bridge Engineering Information System
Bureau of Indian Affairs (U.S.)
Bench Mark
Bureau of Mines (U.S.)
Beginning Mile Post
Best Management Practice
Basis of Design
Basis of Estimate
Bonneville Power Administration
Bituminous Surface Treatment
Bureau of Transportation Statistics (U.S.)
top
Certification Acceptance
Civil Aeronautics Board
Collision Analysis Corridor
Citizens' Advisory Committee
on Highway Safety
Computer Aided Drafting
Computer Aided Drafting and Design
Computer Automated Engineering

CAL Collision Analysis Location

CAP Civil Air Patrol
CAPS Contract Administration
and Payment System
CBD Central Business District
CBRT Committee
for Balanced Regional Transportation
CCI
Construction Cost Index
CCIS Construction Contract Information Syste
m
C-D
Collector-Distributor Road
CDC Center for Disease Control
CDF Controlled Density Fill
CE Categorical Exclusion (U.S.)
NEPA
CE Categorical Exemption
SEPA
CESC Certified Erosion

L
and Sediment Control Lead
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CICAS Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoid
ance Systems
CLAS Collision Location and Analysis System
CLB Current Law Budget
CLCF County Location Coding Form
CMAQ Congestion Mitigation/Air Quality
CMP Corridor Management Plan
CN
Construction
CO
Carbon Monoxide
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CO2E Carbon Dioxide Equivalents
COE Corps of Engineers (U.S.)
CPMS Capital Program Management System
CPDM Capital Program Development
& Management
CRAB County Road Administration Board
CRAS Collision Reporting
H
and Statistical History
CRGC Columbia River Gorge Commission
CS
Control Section
CSBC Crushed Surfacing Base Course
CSG Council of State Governments
CSTC Crushed Surfacing Top Course
CTA County Transportation Authority
CTR Commute Trip Reduction
CVE Commercial Vehicle Enforcement
CVISN Commercial Vehicle Information System
s & Networks
CVPS Commercial Vehicle Pass System

top

D
Directive
DART Days Away, Restricted Duty, or
Job Transfer
dB
Decibels
DBE Disadvantaged Business Enterprise
DBR Discretionary Bridge Replacement
DDHV Directional Design Hour Volume
DEIS Draft Environmental Impact Statement

DHRD Division
of Human Resource Development
DHV Design Hour Volume
DIS
Department of Information Services
DMI Distance Measuring Instrument
DNR Department of Natural Resources
DNS Determination of NonSignificance
DOA Department of the Army (U.S.)
DOE Department of Ecology (Washington
State)
DOL Department of Licensing
DOP Department of Personnel
DOT Department of Transportation
DP
Data Processing
DSHS Department of Social
and Health Services
DVMT Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled

E
EA
EB
ECS
EAA
EBAS
E
ECM
ECR

top

Environmental Assessment
Eastbound
Environmental Classification Summary
Experimental Aircraft Association
Estimate Bid Analysis Systems (Replaces
BASS)
Electronic Content Management
External Civil Rights Branch, a
suborganization of the Equal
Opportunity Office
ECS Environmental Classification Summary
EDM Electronic Distance Measurers
EDW Electronic Document Workflow Manage
MS
ment System
EEO Equal Employment Opportunity
EIS
Environmental Impact Statement
ELT Electronic Locator Transmitters
EMP Ending Mile Post
EOB End of Biennium
EOC Emergency Operations Center
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESD Employment Security Department
(Washington State)

ESD
ESA
ESAL
ETC

F
FA
FAA
FAI
FAME
FAP
FAPG
FARS
FAS
FASP
FAST
Corrid
or
FAU
FAUS
F&B

Educational Services District

Endangered Species Act
Equivalent Single Axle Load
Employee Transportation Coordinator
top
Federal Aid
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Aid Interstate
Freeway and Arterial Management Effort
Federal Aid Primary
Federal Aid Policy Guide
Fatality Analysis Reporting System
Federal Aid Secondary
Federal Aid Safety Program
Freight Action Strategy for the EverettSeattle-TacomaCorridor

Federal Aid Urban

Federal Aid Urban Systems
Finance and Budget Management
Division
FBP Ferry Boat Program (funded through
MAP-21)
FC
Functional Classification
FEA Final Environmental Assessment
FEIS Final Environmental Impact Statement
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FFY Federal Fiscal Year
FGTS Freight
and Goods Transportation System
FHPM Federal-Aid Highway Program Manual
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FIC
Flight Instructor Clinic
FLB Facilities and Lease Board
FMAC Freight Mobility Advisory Committee
FMCS Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrat
A
ion
FMSIB Freight Mobility Strategic Investment Bo
ard
FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact

FRA
FRAP
FRIB
FS
FSS
FTA
FTE
FY
4-R

Federal Railroad Administration

Freight Rail Assistance Program
Freight Rail Investment Bank
Forest Service
Flight Service Station
Federal Transit Administration
Full Time Equivalent
Fiscal Year
Highway Reconstruction, Resurfacing, R
estoration, andRehabilitation
top

GA
General Administration, Department of
GAMA General Aviation Manufacturers Associat
ion
GCOM General Contractor/Construction Manage
ment
GHGs Greenhouse Gases
GIS
Geographic Information Systems
GMA Growth Management Act
GMAP Government Management, Accountabilit
y and Performance
GNB Gray Notebook
GP
General Purpose
GPS Global Positioning System
GRDO GIS and Roadway Data Office
GSP General Special Provision
GTEC Growth
and Transportation Efficiency Center
GVW Gross Vehicle Weight

H
HAR
HCM
HCTS
HMA
HOT
HOV
HPA
HPMS

top
Highway Advisory Radio
Highway Capacity Manual
High Capacity Transportation Study
Hot Mix Asphalt (aka ACP)
High Occupancy Toll
High Occupancy Vehicles
Hydraulic Project Approval
Highway Performance Monitoring Syste
m

HSIG
HSIP
HSM
HQ
HSF
HSIS
HSP
HSRC
HSS
HTF
HVAC

Highway Safety Issues Group

Highway Safety Improvement Program
Highway Safety Manual
Headquarters
Highway Safety Fund (State)
Highway Safety Information System
State Highway System Plan
Highway Safety Research Center
Highways of Statewide Significance
Highway Trust Fund (U.S.)
Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning
top

I
IAC

Interstate (route)
Inter-Agency Committee for Outdoor
Recreation
I/C
Interchange
ICC
Interstate Commerce Commission (U.S.)
IDC
Intra-Departmental Communication
IDT
Interdisciplinary Team
IGGA International Grooving
& Grinding Association
IFR
Instrument Flight Rules
IL
Instructional Letter
ILS
Instrument Landing System
ILT
Incident Location Tool
IMS Intermodal Management System
IR
Incident Response
IRD
International Roadway Dynamics
IRI
International Roughness Index
ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Effici
ency Act, see alsoSAFETEA-LU, which
updates this Act
ITE
Institute of Traffic Engineers
ITS
Intelligent Transportation System
IVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway System

top

JLAR Joint Legislative Audit

C
and Review Committee

JOPS Joint Operations Policy Statement

JTC Joint Transportation Committee

K
KM
KIPS

top
Knowledge Management
1000 lbs.
top

LBC Legislative Budget Committee

LEAP Legislative Evaluation
and Accountability Program
L&I Labor and Industries
LLCC Lowest Life Cycle Cost
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LMS Learning Management System
LMY Lane Mile Years
LOS Level of Service
LOUP
Letter Of Understanding Project Award
A
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design
LTAP Local Technical Assistance Program
LTPP Long Term Pavement Performance
LTC Legislative Transportation Committee

M
MAIS
A
MAP
MAP21
MAPO

top
Multi Agency Interdisciplinary Stakehold
er Advisory
Maintenance Accountability Process
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st
Century
Metropolitan Area Planning Organizatio
n

MARA
Maritime Administration (U.S.)
D
MBE Minority Business Enterprise
METR
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle
O
MFRS Mileage and Facilities Reporting System
MIC Manufacturing and Industrial Center
MIRE Minimum Inventory
of Roadway Elements

MIS Management Information Systems

MLMP Mainline Milepost
MMIS Manpower Management Information Sys
tems
MMT Million Metric Tons
MMU
Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria
CC
MOA Memoranda of Agreement
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MP
Master Plan
MP
Milepost
MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization
MQPR Mid-Quarter Progress Report
MSD Metropolitan Service District
MSR Merit System Rules
MTIP Metropolitan Transportation Improveme
nt Program
MTCO2 Metric Tons
e
of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
MUTC Manual
D
on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
M/V Motor/Vessel
MVET Motor Vehicle Excise Tax
MVF Motor Vehicle Fund
MVM
Million Vehicle Miles Traveled
T
MWB Minority
E
and Women's Business Enterprise

N
NAAQ
S
NARU
C
NAS
NASA
O
NB
NBAA
NCHR
P
NCPP

top
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
National Association
of Regulatory Utility Commissioners
Naval Air Station
National Association
of State Aviation Officials
Northbound
National Business Aviation Association
National Cooperative Highway Research
Program
National Center

for Pavement Preservation

NEC National Electrical Code
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers' Assoc
iation
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NGS United States National Geodetic Survey
NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum (1929)
NHCA National Hearing Conservation Associati
on
NHPP National Highway Performance Program
NHS National Highway System
NHTS National Highway Traffic Safety Admini
A
stration
NIOSH National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health
NOAA National Oceanographic
and Atmospheric Administration
NPIAS National Plan
of Integrated Airport Systems
NPDE National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
S
System
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rule Making
NPS National Park Service
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
NRCC Natural Resource Coordinating Committ
ee
NSC National Safety Council
NSC North Spokane Corridor
NTSB National Transportation Safety Board
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

top

OAHP Office of Archaeology

and Historic Preservation
O-D
Origin-Destination (survey or zone)
OEO Office of Equal Opportunity
OFM Office of Financial Management
OIG Office of Inspector General (U.S.)
O&M Operations and Maintenance
OMB Office of Management and Budget
OMW Office of Minority
BE
and Women's Business Enterprises

ORV
OS
OS
OSC
OSHA

Off-Road Vehicle
Ordinary Seaman
Operating System
Olympia Service Center
Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
OUM Office of Urban Mobility
O'XIN
Overcrossing
G

top

PACE Political Action

for Concerned Employees
PAO Public Affairs Office
PC
Point of Curvature
PCC Palouse River and Coulee City
PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
PCI
Pavement Condition Index
PDO Project Development Office
PDR Public Disclosure Request
PE
Preliminary Engineering
PE
Project Engineer
PE
Professional Engineer
PEF Pre-Existing Funds
PIO
Public Information Office (or Officer)
PM
Project Manager
PMBO
Project Management Body of Knowledge
K
PMRS Project Management Reporting System
PMTS Professional Membership Tracking Syste
m
POG Priorities of Government
PR&P Planning, Research
T
and Public Transportation Division
PRIIA Passenger Rail Investment
and Improvement Act
PSCC Puget Sound Capitol Construction Accou
A
nt (Ferries)
PSCO
Puget Sound Council of Governments
G
PS&E Plans, Specifications, and Estimate
PSFO Puget Sound Ferry Operations Account

A
PSRC
PT
PTBA
PTE
PTF

Q
QPR
QR
QR

R
RAP
RAPC
ON
RATA
RCW
RDP
RFP
RIR
RMIS
ROD
RPM

Puget Sound Regional Council

Point of Tangent
Public Transportation Benefit Area
Professional and Technical Employees
Public Transfer Facility
top
Quarterly Project Report
Quality Response
Quick Response
top
Rural Arterial Program
Radar Approach Control

Rural Arterial Trust Account

Revised Code of Washington
Route Development Plan
Request for Proposal
Recordable Incident Rate
Records Management Imaging Services
Record of Decision
Raised/Recessed Pavement
Marker Maintenance
RR
Railroad
RRR Resurfacing, Restoration,
(3R) and Rehabilitation
RSL Remaining Service Life
RTA Regional Transit Authority
RTIP Regional Transportation Improvement Pr
ogram
RTPO Regional Transportation Planning Organi
zation
RV
Recreational Vehicle
R/W Right of Way

top

SA
State Aid
SAFET Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Tr
EA-LU ansportation Equity Act A Legacy

SAO
SAR
SB
SBE
SCIP
SD
SEIS
SEPA
SHPO
SHSP
SME
SOV
SPCC
SPHA
SR
SRP
SSP
St. Aid
STCD
O
STIP
STP

for Users; see also MAP-21, which

updates this Act
State Auditors Office
Search and Rescue
Southbound
Small Business Enterprise
State Capital Improvement Program
Structurally Deficient
Supplemental Environmental Impact Stat
ement
State Environmental Policy Act
State Historic Preservation Officer
State Highway System Plan also known
as the HSP
Subject Matter Expert
Single Occupancy Vehicle
Spill Prevention, Control,
and Countermeasure Plan
State Patrol Highway Account
State Route
Secondary Road Plan
Stormwater Site Plan
State Aid
Statewide Travel
& Collision Data Office (formerly known
as the Transportation Data Office)
Statewide Transportation Improvement P
rogram
Surface Transportation Program (funded
through ISTEA)

SWPP
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
P

T
TAC
TCP
TDM
TDM
TDO
TEA21
TEF

top
Technical Advisory Committee
Traffic Control Plan
Transportation Demand Management
Travel Demand Management
Transportation Data Office (see STCDO)
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st
Century of 1998
Transportation Equipment Fund

TEIS

Transportation Executive Information Sy

stem
TIA
Transportation Improvement Account
TIB
Transportation Improvement Board
TIGER Transportation Investment Generating Ec
onomic Recovery
TIP
Transportation Improvement Program
TNB Tacoma Narrows Bridge
TOPIC Urban Traffic Operations Programs
S
to Improve Capacity andSafety
TPA Transportation Partnership Account
TPO Transportation Planning Office
TRAC Washington State Transportation Center
TRB Transportation Research Board
TRIS Transportation Research Information Ser
vices
TSC Traffic Safety Commission
TSM Transportation Systems Management
TTAP Tribal Technical Assistance Program
TWLT
Two-Way Left-Turn Lane
L

U
UAB
UATA
UBC
UFAS
UMTA

top

Urban Arterial Board

Urban Arterial Trust Account
Uniform Building Code
Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards
Urban Mass Transportation Administrati
on (U.S.)
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code
UORR Utility Object Relocation Record
US
United States (route)
USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation
USC United States Code
USCG United States Coast Guard
USDO
United States Department of Energy
E
USDO United States Department of Transportati
T
on
USED United States Engineering Department
(Corps of Engineers, Department
of the Army)

USFS United States Forest Service (U.S.

Department of Agriculture)
USFW
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
S
USGS United States Geological Survey
UTC Utilities and Transportation Commission
UTL Unable to Locate
U'XIN
Undercrossing
G

V
VMT
VPH

top
Vehicle Miles Traveled
Vehicles Per Hour
top

WAA Washington Aviation Association

WAC Washington Administrative Code
WACO Washington Association
of County Officials
WAM Washington Airport Management Associ
A
ation
WASH Western Association of State Highway
TO
and TransportationOfficials
WB
Westbound
WBE Women's Business Enterprise
WDFD Western Direct Federal Division
(FHWA)
WDF Washington State Department of Fish
W
and Wildlife
WFF Washington Flying Farmers
WITS Washington Incident Tracking System
WOA Work Order Authorization
WPA Washington Pilots Association
WPCP Water Pollution Control Plan
WPEA Washington Public Employees Associati
on
WPPS Washington Public Power Supply
S
System
WDF Washington Department of Fish
W
and Wildlife
WSAS
Washington State Airport System Plan
P

WSDO
T
WSEC
U
WSF
WSP
WSTA
WSTC

Washington State Department of Transpo

rtation
Washington State Employees' Credit Uni
on
Washington State Ferries
Washington State Patrol
Washington State Transit Association
Washington State Transportation Commi
ssion
WSTP Washington State Transportation Plan
WTP Washington's Transportation Plan
WTSC Washington Traffic Safety Commission

top
No Listing

Y
YTD

top
Year to Date
top
No Listing

AAA

American Automobile Association

AACN

Advanced Automatic Crash Notification

AASHTO

American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials

ACN

Automatic Crash Notification

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

APCO

Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International

ARTIMIS

Advanced Regional Traffic Interactive Management and Information System

ATA

American Trucking Associations

ATAF

American Trucking Associations Foundation

ATIS

Automated Traveler Information Systems

ATSSA

American Traffic Safety Services Association

AVL

Automatic Vehicle Location

CAD

Computer-Aided Dispatch

Caltrans

California Department of Transportation

CapWIN

Capital Area Wireless Integrated Network

CCD

Charge-Coupled Device

CCTV

Closed-Circuit Television

CDOT

Colorado Department of Transportation

CFR

Code of Federal Regulations

CHART

Coordinated Highways Action Response Team

CHP

California Highway Patrol

CIR

Critical Incident Review

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

CVVFA

Cumberland Valley Volunteer Fireman's Association

DHS

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

DMS

Dynamic Message Sign

DOJ

Department of Justice

DOT

Department of Transportation

DVRPC

Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission

E911

Emergency 911

EMS

Emergency Medical Services

EPA

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ERSI

Emergency Response Safety Institute

ERU

Emergency Response Unit

ESF

Emergency Support Function

ETA

Emergency Traffic Accommodation

ETO

Emergency Transportation Operations

FCC

Federal Communications Commission

FDOT

Florida Department of Transportation

FFSP

Full Function Service Patrol

FHP

Florida Highway Patrol

FHWA

Federal Highway Administration

FITM

Freeway Incident Traffic Management

GPS

Global Positioning System

HAR

Highway Advisory Radio

Hazmat or HM

Hazardous Materials

HEROS

Highway Emergency Response Operators

IACP

International Association of Chiefs of Police

IAFC

International Association of Fire Chiefs

IAFF

International Association of Fire Fighters

IAP

Incident Action Plan

IC

Incident Command (function)

ICS

Incident Command System

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEN

Information Exchange Network Clearinghouse

IFSTA

International Fire Service Training Association

IIMS

Integrated Incident Management System

IJIS

Integrated Justice Information Systems

IM

Incident Management

IMTF

Incident Management Task Forces

INDOT

Indiana Department of Transportation

IR

Incident Response

ISEA

International Safety Equipment Association

ITE

Institute of Transportation Engineers

ITS

Intelligent Transportation Systems

ITS/PS

Intelligent Transportation Systems and Public Safety

iVEDDS

Interagency Video Event Data Distribution System

JOPS

Joint Operations Policy Statement

LESS

Law Enforcement Stops & Safety Subcommittee

LLIS

Lessons Learned Information Sharing

MOU

Memoranda or Memorandum of Understanding

mph

miles per hour

MUTCD

Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices

NASEMSO

National Association of State EMS Officials

NCHRP

National Cooperative Highway Research Program

NENA

National Emergency Number Association

NFPA

National Fire Protection Association

NG

Next-Generation

NGA

National Governors Association

NHI

National Highway Institute

NIEM

National Information Exchange Model

NIFG

National Interoperability Frequency Guide

NIFOG

National Interoperability Field Operations Guide

NIMC

National Incident Management Coalition

NIMS

National Incident Management System

NIOSH

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NJDOT

New Jersey Department of Transportation

NJSP

New Jersey State Police

NRT

National Response Team

NTIMC

National Traffic Incident Management Coalition

NUG

National Unified Goal

NVFC

National Volunteer Fire Council

NYDOT

New York Department of Transportation

OSC

On-Scene Coordinator

PDA

Personal Digital Assistant

PennDOT

Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

PIO

Public Information Officer

PM

Performance Measures or Performance Measurement

POC

Point of Contact

PSAP

Public Safety Answering Point

PSP

Pennsylvania State Police

QC

Quick Clearance

RITA

Research and Innovative Technology Administration

SAE

Society of Automotive Engineers (International)

SAFETEA-LU

Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users

SHRP II

Strategic Highway Research Plan II

SHSP

Strategic Highway Safety Plan

SME

Subject Matter Expert

SO

Safety Officer

SOC

State Operations Center

SOP

Standard Operating Procedure

SOSINK

Southeast Indiana and Northern Kentucky

SQC

Safe, Quick Clearance

SWOT

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

TDOT

Tennessee Department of Transportation

the Handbook

TIM Handbook

TIM

Traffic Incident Management

TIMA

Traffic Incident Management Area

TIME

Traffic Incident Management Enhancement

TIM PM FSI

TIM Performance Measures Focus States Initiative

TIMSA

Traffic Incident Management Self-Assessment

TMC

Transportation Management Center

TMT

Transportation Management Team

TOC

Traffic Operations Center

TRAA

Towing and Recovery Association of America

TTC

Temporary Traffic Control

TTI

Texas Transportation Institute

UASI

Urban Area Security Initiative

UC

Unified Command

UDOT

Utah Department of Transportation

UMTRI

University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

U.S.

United States

USDOT

U.S. Department of Transportation

USFA

U.S. Fire Administration

VMS

Variable Message Sign

WFC

Washington Fire Chiefs

WisDOT

Wisconsin Department of Transportation

WSAFC

Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs

WSDOT

Washington State Department of Transportation

WSP

Wisconsin State Patrol or Washington State Patrol

Glossary of Transportation Terms

Road Classifications

Alley
An alley provides access to the rear of properties and may be public or private. Alleys should
intersect local roads or connectors. Alleys are not for through traffic.

City Streets
Similar to County roads, except under the jurisdiction of a city.

Collector
A road that is a principal carrier within neighborhoods or single land use areas. Collectors link
neighborhoods with major activity centers, other neighborhoods and arterials and are generally
not for through traffic. They carry low-to-moderate volumes of traffic at low-to-moderate speeds.
New collectors should intersect minor arterials rather than major arterials. Examples:
Hill Road; Aldercrest Road; Howard's Mill Road

Connector
A road that collects traffic from and distributes traffic to local streets within neighborhoods or
industrial districts. Connectors are usually longer than local streets and carry low volumes
of traffic at low speeds. Connectors primarily serve access and local circulation functions, and are
not for through traffic. Traffic calming measures may be appropriate. A connector should connect
to a collector or minor arterial. Examples: Oregon Trail Drive; Sieben Creek Drive

County Roads
Public roads for which the Clackamas County Board of Commissioners has accepted
maintenance responsibility.

Functional Classification
Categorizing roads based on the type of service provided: freeway/expressway, major arterial,
minor arterial, collector, connector or local road.

Freeway/Expressway
A highway that serves inter-regional and intra-regional trips, and carries heavy volumes of
traffic at high speeds. Examples: I-205; the Milwaukie Expressway (Oregon Highway 224)

Interstate Highways
Multi-lane federal highway that provides connections to major cities, regions of the state and
other states. Interstate highways are major freight routes. Maintenance responsibilities belong to
the Oregon Department of Transportation. There are two interstate highways in Clackamas
County: I-5 and I-205.

Jurisdictional Classifications
A classification of roads based on ownership of the road.

Local
A road designed to provide access to abutting property and to connect to higher order roads. New
local roads should intersect connectors, collectors or, if necessary, minor arterials. Traffic calming
measures may be appropriate. Local roads are inappropriate for through traffic.

Major Arterial
A road that primarily carries local and through traffic to and from destinations outside local
communities; connects cities and rural centers, and carries moderate-to-heavy volumes of
traffic at moderate-to-high speeds. Examples: Sunnyside Road; Boones Ferry Road

Minor Arterial
A road that primarily connects collectors to higher order roadways, and carries moderate volumes
of traffic at moderate speeds. Examples: Oatfield Road; Beavercreek Road; Borland Road

Private Roads
Roads owned by a private property owner. Public access and use is by permission of the property
owner.

Public Roads
Roads owned by the County or on a County easement that are not maintained by the County;
maintenance responsibility lies with abutting property owners.

State Highways
State-owned roads that provide the primary connections to larger urban areas, ports and major
recreational areas that are not directly served by interstate highways. Maintenance
responsibilities belong to the Oregon Department of Transportation. Examples in Clackamas
County: Oregon Highway 213; Oregon Highway 224; Oregon Highway 99E

Design/Engineering Terms

Capacity
The maximum rate at which persons or vehicles can be reasonably expected to traverse a point
or uniform segment of a lane or roadway during a specified time period under prevailing roadway,
traffic and control conditions; usually referred to as vehicles per hour or persons per hour. This is
the standard used to determine when additional lanes need to be added.

Centerline Miles
Miles of roadway measured without regard to the number of lanes or functional classification of
the road.

Design Standards
Those conditions that should be met when a new road is constructed or when a deficient section

is improved. Standards include all relevant geometric and structural features required to provide a
desired level of service over the life of the project -- generally 20 years beyond completion.

Frontage Road
A road that parallels the interstate to relieve traffic congestion caused by local trips.

Interchange
A highway intersection allowing traffic to move freely from one road to another without crossing
another lane of traffic.

Level of Service
A qualitative measure of traffic conditions generally described as speed and travel time, freedom
to maneuver, traffic interruptions, comfort and convenience, and safety.

Overpass
An elevated roadway that crosses over another thoroughfare.

Right-of-Way
The property for infrastructure including travel lanes, parking, bikeways, sidewalks, utilities,
shoulders, etc.

Funding Terms

Distribution Formula
Refers to the statutorily defined formula for allocating state motor fuel tax revenues to specific
programs and entities.

System Development Charges

Fees collected when a permit for any new development is issued. These fees finance
transportation capacity improvements, including stop lights, traffic signals, new lanes and new
roads. These funds may not be used for maintenance.

Tax Increment Financing (TIF)

Revenues generated by new growth within specified areas designated are urban renewal
districts; used to construct capital improvements that solve transportation problems within the
same areas.

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21)

The 1998 federal transportation funding legislation that provided an emphasis on protecting the
environment and reducing congestion, relying on the most efficient transportation mode, and
providing increased flexibility to state and local governments on the use of federal funds.

Environmental Terms

Endangered Species Act (ESA)

A 1973 act of Congress that seeks to protect various species of fish, wildlife and plants that have
the potential of being rendered extinct as a consequence of growth without adequate
conservation. The ESA is concerned with "species that are of aesthetic, ecological, educational,
historical, and scientific value to this nation and its people." Fourteen varieties of salmon and
steelhead have been "listed" in this region. Once a species is listed, no one may "take" it (harass,
harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or attempt to engage in such
conduct) without a permit. Federal agencies are required to ensure that any federal action, such

as constructing a highway, is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or
adversely modify critical habitat. Road projects that traverse critical habitat must be reviewed for
their impacts on listed species.

In-Water Work Period

A window of time in which construction is allowed within the banks of a stream or river, as
specified by the ESA, when the water level is at its lowest and it is the least disruptive time for
fish. Example: July 1- Sept. 30 is the in-water work period for Mt. Scott Creek.

Riparian Area
The banks of a river or stream.

Wetland
A lowland area, such as a marsh or swamp, saturated with moisture. A natural wildlife habitat.

Maintenance Terms

Chip Seal
A sprayed-on application of an asphaltic emulsion, with a thin layer of aggregate spread over an
existing surface. The emulsion improves or restores the waterproof condition of the old pavement
surface and arrests any scuffing or raveling. The addition of a cover of aggregate over the
sprayed-on emulsion restores and improves skid resistance.

Cold Mix
See Pugg Mix below.

Contract Overlays
Work completed by private contractors when pavement rehabilitation is beyond routine
maintenance. Rehabilitation activities include hot and cold recycling, structural overlays and
reconstruction. Rehabilitation is intended to salvage, strengthen and modernize badly
deteriorated pavement. Contract overlays and rehabilitation should provide for an additional 1020 years of serviceability at reduced maintenance costs.

Maintenance Overlays
A process of applying hot asphaltic concrete to an average depth of 1-1/2 inches to create a new,
smoother driving surface.

Pavement Structure
The combination of subbase, base, base course and surface course placed on a subgrade to
support the traffic load and distribute it to the road bed.

Pugg Mix
Sometimes called cold mix, emulsified asphalt is mixed with aggregate at a site near the road to
be resurfaced. Open-graded cold mix cures more slowly than hot asphaltic concrete and
generally requires a load limit for a short period. A chip seal is often placed as a wearing surface.
Where there may be turning movements or other special needs, the softer open-graded cold mix
may be replaced with hot mix in critical sections.

Reconstruction
Complete road reconstruction (i.e., remove and replace existing pavement) on essentially the
present alignment for distance of at least 0.3 miles.

Resurfacing, including shoulder improvements

Adding an overlay in excess of 3/4 inch, plus appropriate improvements to shoulders such as
adding material to bring them up to grade, widening or reconstructing shoulders.

Routine Maintenance
Includes all operating and maintenance activities that are conducted on a frequent and ongoing
basis (e.g., cleaning and shaping drainage facilities, operating and replacing traffic control
devices, maintaining roadside facilities, street sweeping, snow and ice control, grading unpaved
roads, emergency pothole patching, and pavement joint sealing and skin patching).

Bridge Programs

Bridge Improvement
Major rehabilitation and strengthening and/or replacement of existing structures undertaken
independently of improvements to the roadway.

Bridge Rehabilitation
Involves major structural modifications to an existing bridge including widening, substructure
repair, superstructure strengthening, deck replacement or rehabilitation, and rail improvement.

Mode of transport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of a series on

Transport
Modes

Aviation

Cable

Land

Animal-powered

Human-powered

Rail

Road

Pipeline

Ship
Space
Topics

History

Timeline

Outline
Transport portal

Mode of transport (or means of transport or types of transport or transport modality or form of
transport) is a term used to distinguish substantially different ways to perform transport. The most
dominant modes of transport are aviation, ship transport, and land transport, which
includes rail, road and off-road transport. Other modes also exist, including pipelines, cable
transport, andspace transport. Human-powered transport and animal-powered transport are
sometimes regarded as their own mode, but these normally also fall into the other categories. In
general, transportation is used for the movement of people, animals, and other things. Each mode of
transport has a fundamentally different technological solution, and some require a separate
environment. Each mode has its own infrastructure, vehicles, and operations, and often has unique
regulations. Each mode also has separate subsystems.
Contents
[hide]

1Air

2Land
o

2.1Rail

2.2Road

3Water

4Other modes

5Components of a mode of transport

6Worldwide comparison of the most important transport modes

7See also

8References

Air[edit]
Main articles: Aviation and Environmental impact of aviation

Air France Airbus A318 landing atLondon Heathrow Airport

A fixed-wing aircraft, typically airplane, is a heavier-than-air flight vehicle, in which the special
geometry of the wing generates lift. Agyroplane is both a fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Fixed-wing
aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft.
For short distances or in inaccessible places, helicopters can be practical.
[1]

Air transport is the second fastest method of transport, after space travel. Commercial jets reach
speeds of up to 955 kilometres per hour (593 mph) and a considerably higher ground speed if there
is a jet stream tailwind, while piston-powered general aviation aircraft may reach up to 555
kilometres per hour (345 mph). This celerity comes with higher cost and energy use, and aviation's
impacts to the environment and particularly the global climate require consideration when comparing
modes of transportation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates a
commercial jet's flight to have some 2-4 times the effect on the climate than if the same
CO emissions were made at ground level, because of different atmospheric chemistry and radiative
forcing effects at the higher altitude. U.S. airlines alone burned about 16.2 billion gallons of fuel
during the twelve months between October 2013 and September 2014. WHO estimates that
globally as many as 500,000 people at a time are on planes. The global trend has been for
increasing numbers of people to travel by air, and individually to do so with increasing frequency and
over longer distances, a dilemma that has the attention of climate scientists and other researchers,
the press, and the World Wide Web. The issue of impacts from frequent travel, particularly by
air because of the longer distances that are easily covered in one or a few days, is
called hypermobility and has been a topic of research and governmental concern for many years.
[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[2]

[6][7]

[8]

[9][10]

[11]

Land[edit]
Main article: Ground transportation
See also: Off-road transport
Land transport covers all land-based transportation systems that provide for the movement of
people, goods and services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking communities to each other.
Land transport is a key factor in urban planning.It has 2 kinds they are, Rail and Road

Rail[edit]
Main article: Rail transport

German ICE 1 on the NurembergMunich high-speed railway

Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles
running on rail track, known as a railway or railroad. The rails are anchored perpendicular to railroad
train consists of one or more connected vehicles that run on the rails. Propulsion is commonly
provided by a locomotive, that hauls a series of unpowered cars, that can carry passengers or
freight. The locomotive can be powered by steam, diesel or by electricity supplied by trackside
systems. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as amultiple unit. Also, a train
can be powered by horses, cables, gravity, pneumatics and gas turbines. Railed vehicles move with
much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads, making trains more energy efficient, though not
as efficient as ships.
Intercity trains are long-haul services connecting cities; modern high-speed rail is capable of
speeds up to 430 km/h (270 mph), but this requires specially built
track. Regional and commuter trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intraurban transport is performed by high-capacity tramways and rapid transits, often making up the
backbone of a city's public transport. Freight trains traditionally used box cars, requiring manual
loading and unloading of the cargo. Since the 1960s, container trains have become the dominant
solution for general freight, while large quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.
[12]

Road[edit]
Main article: Road transport

Traffic on the Eastshore Freeway(Interstate 80) near Berkeley, California, United States

A road is an identifiable route of travel, usually surfaced with gravel, asphalt or concrete, and
supporting land passage by foot or by a number of vehicles.
The most common road vehicle in the developed world is the automobile; a wheeled passenger
vehicle that carries its own motor. As of 2002, there were 591 million automobiles worldwide.
Other users of roads include motorcars, motorcycles, buses, trucks, bicycles and pedestrians,
and special provisions are sometimes made for each of these. For example, the use of bus
lanes give priority for public transport, and cycle lanes provide special areas of road for bicycles to
use.
[citation

needed]

Motorcars offer high flexibility, but are deemed with high energy and area use, and the main source
of noise and air pollution in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced
flexibility. Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.
[13]

Water[edit]
Main article: Ship transport

Car ferry in Split, Croatia

Water transport is the process of transport that a watercraft, such as a barge, boat, ship or sailboat,
makes over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. If a boat or other vessel can
successfully pass through a waterway it is known as a navigable waterway. The need for buoyancy
unites watercraft, and makes the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and
appearance. When a boat is floating on the water the hull of the boat is pushing aside water where
the hull now is, this is known as displacement.
In the 1800s, the first steamboats were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or
propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced using wood or coal. Now, most ships have an
engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some ships, such
as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use
wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more
propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are
propelled by large pusher-prop fans.
Although slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large quantities of
non-perishable goods. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried 7.4 billion tons of
cargo in 2007. Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for
transcontinental shipping; short sea shipping and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.
[14]

[15]

[16][17]

Other modes[edit]

The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Systemconveys crude oil from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field to Valdez, Alaska

Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are sent,
but pneumatic tubes can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For liquids/gases, any
chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for
sewage, slurry water and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.
Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power
source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include aerial
tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts; some of these are also categorized as conveyortransport.
Space transport is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a spacecraft.
While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites
into orbit, and conduct scientific experiments. However, man has landed on the moon, and probes
have been sent to all the planets of the Solar System.
Unmanned aerial vehicle transport, (or drone transport), is currently being tested
by Amazon.com and other transportation companies. This method will allow short-range small-parcel
delivery in a short time frame.

Components of a mode of transport[edit]

A transport mode is a combination of the following:

Transportation infrastructure: thoroughfares, networks, hubs (stations, bus terminals, airport

terminals), etc.

Vehicles and containers: motor

vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, wagons, trains, ships, and aircraft

A stationary or mobile workforce

Propulsion system and power supply (traction)

Operations: driving, management, traffic signals, railway signalling, air traffic control, etc.

Transportation plays a major role in the economy. It increases the production efficiency and it links to the logistics system. Vehicle
should have some characteristics which are used for easy transport of goods and services.
Transportation is generally of two types. They are public transport and transport for non generic-use. Public transport is nothing but
which is used for meeting the needs of all sectors of the people for transportation of goods and services. Transport non-generic will
be for the plant operations here the transportation means may be by the non-transport enterprises.
Coming to the different types of transport which are usage generally are:
1. Rail:
Advantages:

Ability of loading and unloading goods and services is more.

Frequency of delivering the goods over long distances is more.

Climatic conditions have no effect

No traffic or congestion easy movement of the vehicle.

Disadvantages:

Capital and initial investments are more.

High material usage for the construction and even the fuel consumption

The above are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using the rail.
2. Road:
Advantages:

High flexibity and ability to move the vehicles fastly.

Uses different routes to reach the destination quickly.

Does door to door service

High safety for the cargo.

Chance to select the carrier which is suitable for carrying the goods.
Disadvantages:

It mostly depends on climatic conditions.

High cost for long distances.

Productivity is low.

Some of the advantages and disadvantages are discussed above.

3. Air:
Advantages:

Highest speed

Even delivers goods to remote places.

High reliability
Disadvantages:

Highest cost of transportation.

Even adverse weather conditions effect the transportation.

Material and fuel consumption is costly.

4. Water:
Advantages:

It is economical mode for transporting heavy loads and even cargo.

It is the safest mode which provides convenience to the people without accidents.

Cost of construction and maintenance is very low.

It even provides international transport

Disadvantages:

It is highly affected by the weather conditions.

It requires large initial investment

It is a slow process.
So, these are some means of transport.

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Road Transport
by RC Agarwal Transportation

Advertisements:
There are numerous advantages of road transport in comparison to other modes of
transport:
Advantages:
1. Less Capital Outlay:
Road transport required much less capital Investment as compared to other modes of
transport such as railways and air transport. The cost of constructing, operating and
maintaining roads is cheaper than that of the railways. Roads are generally constructed by
the government and local authorities and only a small revenue is charged for the use of
roads.
2. Door to Door Service:

The outstanding advantage of road transport is that it provides door to door or warehouse to
warehouse service. This reduces cartage, loading and unloading expenses.
3. Service in Rural Areas:
Road transport is most suited for carrying goods and people to and from rural areas which
are not served by rail, water or air transport. Exchange of goods, between large towns and
small villages is made possible only through road transport.
4. Flexible Service:
Road transport has a great advantage over other modes of transport for its flexible service,
its routes and timings can be adjusted and changed to individual requirements without much
inconvenience.
5. Suitable for Short Distance:
It is more economic and quicker for carrying goods and people over short distances. Delays
in transit of goods on account of intermediate loading and handling are avoided. Goods can
be loaded direct into a road vehicle and transported straight to their place of destination.
6. Lesser Risk of Damage in Transit:
As the intermediate loading and handling is avoided, there is lesser risk of damage,
breakage etc. of the goods in transit. Thus, road transport is most suited for transporting
delicate goods like chinaware and glassware, which are likely to be damaged in the process
of loading and unloading.
7. Saving in Packing Cost:
As compared to other modes of transport, the process of packing in motor transport is less
complicated. Goods transported by motor transport require less packing or no packing in
several cases.
8. Rapid Speed:

If the goods are to be sent immediately or quickly, motor transport is more suited than the
railways or water transport. Water transport is very slow. Also much time is wasted in
booking the goods and taking delivery of the goods in case of railway and water transport.
9. Less Cost:
Road transport not only requires less initial capital investment, the cost of operation and
maintenance is also comparatively less. Even if the rate charged by motor transport is a
little higher than that by the railways, the actual effective cost of transporting goods by
motor transport is less. The actual cost is less because the motor transport saves in packing
costs and the expenses of intermediate loading, unloading and handling charges.
10. Private Owned Vehicles:
Another advantage of road transport is that big businessmen can afford to have their own
motor vehicles and initiate their own road services to market their products without causing
any delay.
11. Feeder to other Modes of Transport:
The movement of goods begins and ultimately ends by making use of roads. Road and
motor transport act as a feeder to the other modes of transport such as railways, ships and
airways.
Disadvantages:
In spite of various merits, road/motor has some serious limitations:
1. Seasonal Nature:
Motor transport is not as reliable as rail transport. During rainy or flood season, roads
become unfit and unsafe for use.
2. Accidents and Breakdowns:

There are more chances of accidents and breakdowns in case of motor transport. Thus,
motor transport is not as safe as rail transport.
3. Unsuitable for Long Distance and Bulky Traffic:
This mode of transport is unsuitable and costly for transporting cheap and bulky goods over
long distances.
4. Slow Speed:
The speed of motor transport is comparatively slow and limited.
5. Lack of Organisation:
The road transport is comparatively less organised. More often, it is irregular and
undependable. The rates charged for transportation are also unstable and unequal.