Maths in archery

In archery you need to understand distances, weight, straightness, keep track of time, learn to wait your turn, and
add numbers rapidly and accurately. And count your pennies!
In some ways, archery sounds easy, doesn't it? No running. No tackling. You pull a string, shoot an arrow, hit a
target. But it's not so easy. You need calm nerves, strength, speed, good eyesight, ability to repeat the same
motion over and over and over ...

ARCHERY
POINTS - scores depend on where the arrows hit within 10 evenly-spaced concentric rings. The values range from
1 to 10 increasing towards the center (these values may vary from country to country). Some have an inner 10
ring:

1 ring and 2 ring - white

3 ring and 4 ring - black

5 ring and 6 ring - blue

7 ring and 8 ring - red

9 ring, 10 ring and inner 10 ring - gold

Target sizes and distances vary, depending on the competition:

16 inch (40cm) for 60 feet (18m) indoors

24 inch (60cm) for 80 feet (25m) indoors

32 inch (80cm) for 100 feet (30m) and 160 feet (50m)

48 inch (122cm) for 240 feet (70m) and 300 feet (90m)

All target backings must be at least 48 inches round or square, regardless of target size

The center of the gold must be 51 inches (130cm) above the ground +/- 2 inches (5cm)

Targets must slope backwards, within 10-15 from vertical

Arrows

Arrows range from 26-31 inches in length, measured from the bottom of the nock on the back to the front
(not including the tip) and must be less than .27 inches (9.3mm) in diameter; good arrows are within +/- .001-.006"
in straightness

Arrow weight is measured in grains (1/7000th of a pound); most weigh between 200 to 400 grains - you
might have 5 grains weight of arrow per pound of draw on the bow

Arrows travel at speeds from 200 to 300 feet per second (fps) and so they reach a 160 foot (50m) target in
about half a second (you can do the math)

Maths in tennis:
In Tennis you do more than count runs or hits or baskets or goals. You count up using new names for numbers,
then count back, adjust your actions to suit the win by at least 2 pointscontingency rules, and so on.
I'll just give a brief overview of the math and terms used in Tennis:

TENNIS

TOURNAMENT - a competition where lots of tennis players compete to find the overall winner
MATCH - a player needs to win 2 out of 3 (or 3 out of 5) sets to win a match
SET - a player needs to win 6 games (and at least 2 more games than the opponent) to win a set
GAME - a player needs 4 points (and at least 2 more points than the opponent) to win a game
POINTS - the points are called:
Love = 0

First point = 15

Second point = 30

Third point = 40

If both have 40 it's called deuce

there's another term called advantage

A tennis court is 27 feet (singles) or 36 feet (doubles) wide and 78 feet long. The net is 3 feet 6 inches high
at the ends, and can droop to 3 feet in the middle. Poles for the net are set 3 feet outside the doubles lines, so the
net is 42 feet long [36 + 3 + 3 = 42] .
The court should be level with just enough slope for water to run off (a maximum of 1 inch in 10 feet of distance).
To avoid the players running into fences or stands, the court needs extra space around it - about 12 feet on each
side and 21 feet at each end. To keep from losing tennis balls, and for safety, courts are usually surrounded by 10foot chain-link fences.
You can buy a fence "kit" with all you need to enclose a pair of courts, for about $12,000. That's 120 feet long, 120
feet wide, and 10 feet high with 2 gates. Wind screens for the fence cost an additional $1000 or so.

Bowling :
In Bowling you count up pins you knock down, you carry-over certain scores, you adjust your actions based on
the if you get 2 strikes you throw again rules, and so on. If you bowl in a league you will soon get a handicap (not a
disability, but an adjustment to your score)
I'll just give a brief overview of the math and terms used in Bowling:
LEAGUE - a competition over a period of months where teams of bowlers compete
TOURNAMENT - a short-term competition with many bowlers or teams competing to win
SERIES - a team must win 2 out of 3 games to win a series (usually the team members' scores are added to get
a team score)
GAME - a player needs the highest score to win a game. The most you can score is 300
FRAME - players don't win individual frames; the best score on 10 frames wins a game POINTS - the various
combinations are decided by how many pins are knocked down, and when they fell:

strike (10 pins with 1 ball)

spare (10 pins with 2 balls

open (less than 10 pins with 2 balls)

If you ever dreamed of having your own bowling alley at home, you will need about $100,000 or so. Lanes are
made of wood or synthetic materials. The rules declare:

Each lane is 62 feet 10 and 3/16ths inches from foul line to the pit where the pins fall

It's 60 feet from the foul line to the center of the No. 1 pin spot (plus or minus 1/2 inch)

It's 2 feet 10 and 3/16ths inches from the center of the No. 1 pin spot to the pit

Each lane must be between 41 and 42 inches wide

The total width of a lane with gutters must be between 60 inches and 60 and 1/4 inches wide

The lane must be free of grooves, with no more than 40/1000th inch variation in level and/or dents
(smoothness)

You need a room 90-100 feet in length, 15 feet in width and 12 feet in height to have a pair of bowling lanes

Lanes sit about 16 inches above your foundation because the balls come back under the lanes

The pins are 15 inches tall and 4.7 inches wide; weigh between 3 pounds 6 ounces and 3 pounds 10
ounces

The ball must be less than 27 inches in circumference, cannot weigh more than 16 pounds and can contain
no metal whatsoever (if you need one, go here, they have 1800+ different bowling balls to choose from!)

Football:
Football, and most other sports, use measures of central tendencies extensively. Most people
know these as mean, median, mode, and range. Whenever you look at a players stats, you
are viewing their average and range (high and lows). This is basic math. However, if you are
looking at the flight of an object, baseball, football, soccer ball, then you are using higher
math, like algebra, trigonometry, and geometry. Some physics is also being used to
determine the flight of these objects.
Math can relate to football when officials are figuring out how many yards there are to go. Math is also essential in
the planning of plays because a passing play is like a triangle. The runner is one side, and the path of the ball is
the hypotenuse. When making plays, you have to figure out just how far the ball would have to go for the player to
intercept it.

Running:
The Simple Math Behind Running Faster
STEP 1. Athlete doesnt push into the ground/blocks hard enough, so only applies 400 pounds of force.
Result: Only 80% efficient (20% of potential force wasted)
STEP 2: Athletes foot lands heel first, so only applies 350 pounds of force.

If your heel touches the ground, youre running slow!

Result: Only 70% efficient (30% of potential force wasted)

STEP 3: Knee angle opens up too much and foot strike takes place in front of Center of Mass, applying 350
pounds of force.
Result: Only 70% efficient (30% of potential force wasted)
STEP 4: Too much backside mechanics, so Athlete cant recover swing leg quickly enough to drive foot down
into the ground, applying 300 pounds of force
Result: Only 60% efficient (40% of potential force wasted)
STEP 5: Athlete recovers from bad start, gets foot down under hips, pushes the ground back and away,
applying 450 pounds of force.
Result: 90% efficient (10% of potential force wasted)
Now plot this out over the course of the entire race/distance being run and think about how much potential
speed is wasted simply due to lack of efficiency or running skill.
In just 5 steps, The Athlete applies an average of 370 pounds of force per step, out of a possible 500. This
means The Athlete has an efficiency rating of 74%.
Bottom Line: If the athlete had better running form, better understanding of *how* it should feel when running,
better coaching feedback, etc., they would be more efficient with each step and, based on simple physics,
would run faster.
So, you can make athletes (in any sport) faster just by making them more efficient.

Basketball:
Math, as well as physics, is used in all sports. Math is used in basketball because:
a) the measurements of the court. How far the three-point line is away from the basket. How far the foul line is away from the
basket. Measurements in basketball is very important. All NBA level basketball courts have the same exact measurements.
Having different measurements calls for protest. If t were different measurements, the player may think it's standard
measurements, therefore shooting a little too short or a little too far.
b) the vertical leap in basketball is very important. Players have to measure that themselves. They have to decide how high
they have to jump for the ball to slam into the basket.
c) the scoring of basketball. For every basket, two points are added. If a three-pointer is made, three points are added. If a foul
shot is made, one point is added. There are also three-point plays without shooting a three-pointer. This is by getting fouled
while shooting. If you make the shot, you get one chance for a foul shot. If you don't make it, you get two chances. f you get
followed while shooting a three-pointer, you get one chance at a foul shot.
d) the amount of calories you burn and all of that health related stuff, have an amount, calling out that is mathematics to do
with it.

e) the amount of players on the team, t the amount of payers on the team that are on the court (5). If a player gets injured,
fouled out, or such things, there are less eligible players.
f) the shots that players have to be timed correctly by the players to sink it and win the game. So, in other words, the timer is
very important.
Lead sentence:
Math is used in almost all aspects of life, including basketball. It makes basketball easier to calculate....

Cricket
Mathematics play an important role in cricket.I think most mathematics is used in cricket only.It is used to calculate the
over rate (total number of overs bowled by a bowling side in one hour) by dividing the number of time with the overs.It is
also used to find the run rate of the bowler (total number of runs conceded by a bowler per one over of his career) by
dividing the number of runs with the number of overs.It is also used to calculate the average and strike rate of both
bowlers and batsmen.Batsman strike rate is the number of runs a batsman has made per 100 balls of his career and
average is the number of runs a batsman has made getting out once i.e. number of runs/number of times a batsman
has got out.Strike rate of the bowler is the number of balls a bowler has taken to get a wicket i.e. the number of
balls/number of wickets and average of a bowler is the number of runs the bowler has given per wicket i.e. the number
of runs/numbers of wickets.

Baseball:
baseball uses math in about a thousand ways. The most commonly used would be the calculation of a players batting
average. To calculate this, you take a players total number of hits and divide it by their total number of at bats. If a batter hits .
315 it means he hits in 31.5% of his at bats..
A formula for batting average would be as simple as Hits / At Bats = Batting average
A common stat for pitchers is ERA. ERA stands for earned run average and is a bit more complicated. This stat tells you how
many runs a pitcher is giving up on average per every nine innings. This is calculated by taking the number of earned runs by
a pitcher, multiplying it by 9, and dividing it by the number of innings pitched.
A formula for ERA would like this: Runs x 9 / innings pitched = ERA
If a pitcher gave up 3 runs in 7 innings you would take 3 and multiply it by 9 to get 27 and then divide 27 by 7 to get an ERA of
3.85

soccer:
1. keeping score and hence determining the winner:
team a wins if a-goals - b-goals > 0
2. keeping track remaining time considering injury timeout.
ie remaining time = initial minutes + injury minutes - minutes played.
3. Ref needs to ensure that not more than 11 - ejected (red flagged) players are on the field.
ie valid nr players <= 11 - ejected players

4. Calculating odds of a team winning and handicap. This is a probability exercise based on previous
performances, and actual players on the field.

Volleyball:
I use statistics during tryouts to help select a team and during the season to see how well players are performing towards a
goal.
Vertical jump is calculated by subtracting standing reach from the jump height.
Passing is rated on a scale of 0-3. The average is the passer rating (the higher the better).
Serve percentage is the percent of serves that go in (goal 90%).
Hitting percentage is (hits-errors)/attempts.
Many other statistical categories can be expressed as number per game (assists per game, digs per game, blocks per game).
angle at which you hit the ball
angle at which you receive serve, so that the ball travels to the setter perfectly
angle at which you serve/jump serve
angle at which you set
but really...
anytime you're hitting the ball, pretend that you are trying to hit it straight down
it will be easier to explain if you have ever tried throwing the ball right above the net, and then trying to hit it straight down.
Every single hit should be executed like that; jump as high as you can, proper arm swing and steps, and aim to make the ball
land directly infront of you :)
receiving serve, keep your arms up and about 10 degrees lower than perpendicular, and use your legs to make a perfect
receive. Remember to reduce the power of the serve by making contact with the ball, and then shifting your arm away