EEF CCCéCS EES Breasorp AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Recommended Practices for the Prevention of Water Damage to Steam Turbines Used for Electric Power Generation ANSI/ASME TDP-1-1985 Fossil Fueled Pants (REVISION OF ASME STANDARD NO. TDP-1-1980), - SPONSORED AND PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, MY. 10017Date of tssence: November 15, 1985 ‘This Standard will be revised when the Societ ‘There will be no addenda or written interpreter issued to this Edition. ‘This code or standard wi ‘Amarican Netional Standards. The Consensut ‘olenced to assure that individuals {rom ef tunity 10 participate. The proposed code ‘Comment wich provides en opportunity for edd Ulntory agencies, and the publc-at large "ASME does not “approve. activity "ASME does not tke any position ‘connection with any items mentioned in ti voli ‘try such laity, Users of a code or standard vanity of any such patent rights, and the 18k of ‘aaponabilty Participation by federal agency represer [ASME procedures and poiies which prectude ‘uncer. developed under procedures accredited a¢ meeting th Me coimenttes thet approved the code oF standard was fmpetent and concerned intr "Panderd was made avaiable for public review and with respect tothe validity of any pat ecument. and does not undertake to insure enyone Indord against kabiity for infingement of SFY 8 ponaibty for nly those interpretations insu ry approves the issuance of a new edition. ions of the requirements of this Standard ts have had an opp" anal publi input irom industry caer. TOO" ere endorse" any iter, construction, propHietary device, OF tent rights asserted it jopiceble Letters Patent, nor aBsume wre expressly advised that determination of the eiely thei or infringement of such Fights stanvets) or personis)atfifiated with industry isnot tO \gortry endorsement of this code of standard in accordance with governing ter Sgauanes af interpretations by inavicusl YO No partof tis document mav be reproduced in any form: in on electtonic exrievsl syste without the prior weiten | jm or cherie : ‘permission of the pubisher. Copyright © 1985 by ‘THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ‘OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. "Al Rights Reserved Printed in USA.— oo ee ee ee ee ee FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of ANSI/ASME TDP.1-1005.) ‘A substantial increase in the number of reported occurrences of steam turbine damage by ‘water induction precipitated design recommendations from the two major domestic turbine manufacturers as an attempt to reduce such incidents of damage. Concurrently, utilities and designers began formulating their own design criteria because of the economic need to keep the generating units in service. Realizing the common need for a uniform set of design criteria to alleviate this problem. an ASME Standards Committee was formed. consisting of represen- tatives of utilities, equipment manufacturers, and design consultants. to develop recommended practices for use in the electric generating industry. ‘This Standard, resulting from the work and deliberation of the Turbine Water Damage Pre- vention Committee. was approved as a standard of The American Society of Mechanical En- gincers by the ASME Standardization Commitee and the ASME Policy Board, Codes and Standards on July 26, 1972. In 1979, the Committee proposed a revision to this ASME Standard to include information fon condenser steam and water dumps. direct contact feedwater heaters, and steam generators. ‘This proposed revision was approved by the ASME Standardization Committee on April 25. 1980. ‘The present revision was approved as an American National Standard on September 13, 1985.asta aww wee ee ee ee ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE TWDP ‘Turbine Water Damage Prevention {The following is the roster of the Committee atthe time of approval ofthis Standard.) OFFICERS 4.D. Dickinson, Chaar W.R Dalian, Secretary, COMMITTEE PERSONNEL Detroit Edison Co., Detroit, Michigan |W. H. Clayton. Combustion Engineering inc. Windsor, Connecticut 8. H. Smith, Aftemate, Combustion Engineering Inc., Windsor, Connecticut R.A. Demaresid, Public Service Electric & Gas Co., Newark, New Jersey sb. Pennayivania FG. Doar. Souther Company Services ine., Biminghem, Alsbema F 8. e. a 4 J. Emmert J. Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Minois W. Glampapa, SWG Consulting Enginsers, Moraga. California ‘North Brunswick, New Jersey rewn Boveri Corp., North Brunswick, New Jersey : Haverntick, Stockton, New Jersey Shifter, Aternare, Transamerica DeLaval inc, Trenton, New Jersey Hayworth, Duke Power Co.. Chariotte, North Caraina sJohnaon, Genera’ Eleciric Co.. Schenectady, New York I Electric Co., Schenectady, New York ‘Martin, Westinghouse Electie Corp, Orlando, Fords ‘Ja, Alternate, Stone & Webster Engineeting Cotp.,.Boston, Massachusetts ‘A.J. Millar, Eliott Co., Jeannette, Pennsyivenia €: Munro, Ontario Hydro, Torente, Ontario, Canad RAL Pawliger, Amencan Electric Powar Service Carp.. Columbus, Ohio VA. Lepore, Alternate. American Electric Power Service Carp, Columbus, Ohio NA. Philips, GibertCommonwealth, Reading, Pennevivania, ‘A.H. Rudd, The Babcock & Wilcox Co, Barberton, Ohio LW. Yoder, Afternate, The Babcock & Wilcox Co., Barberton, Ohio E.B. Tol, GilberCommonwesith, Reading, Penneyivania,aaa eee ee eee ee Foreword ...... oer Standards Committee Roster .... CONTENTS ign Recommendations Steam Generators ‘Superheat Attemperator Main Steam Piping . .. Cold Reheat Piping Reheat Attemperator Hot Reheat Piping . Feedwater Heaters and Extraction Systems Direct Contact (DC) Feedwater Heaters ‘Turbine Steam Seal Systems ......... 3.10 Boiler Feed Pump Turbine Steam Suppl 3.1 Drain Systems — Turbine and Cycle Piping . 3.12 Condenser Steam and Water Dumps . 4° Operating Recommendations 2s 4.1 Main Steam System 25 42. Cold Reheat Piping 25 43 Reheat Attemperator 25 44 Hot Reheat Piping 25 45. Feedwater Heaters and Extraction System . 26 46 Turbine Steam Seal System 6 4.7 Boiler Feed Pump Turbine Steam Supply 6 48 © Main Turbine . pesteeetoneren 6 5 Testing, inspecting, and Maintenance ‘i 7 51 Test — Once per Month . 2 52 Inspections — Every 3 Months... — 27 53. Inspection and Maintenance During Planned Unit Outages. 27 6 Closure ........ poe a 2” 7 Nomenctature presser 28 Figures 1) Typical Flash Tank/Separators Arrangement . 2 Typical Flash Tank/Separators Arrangement . 3. Typical Superheater Spray System 4 Typical Cold Reheat Drain Systemwear 10 2 13 4 15 16 ‘Typical Reheater Spray System . ‘Typical Heater Drain System... ‘Typical Heater Steam Side Isolation System ‘Typical Tube Side Isolation System. ‘Typical Schematic Only ‘Typical Schematic Only Main Turbine — Typical Steam Seal Arrangement . ‘Typical Arrangement for a Boiler Feed Pump Turbine Steam Supply With Dual ‘Admission . ‘Typical Arrangement fora Boiler Feed Pump Turbine Steam m Surly ‘With Single ‘Admission .. ‘Typical Continuous Drain Orifice . ‘Typical Condenser Drain Manifolds . ‘Arrangement for Feed Pump Turbine Exhaust ..- n u 2 4 15 7 19 20 21 2 2B‘ANSUASME TOP.1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR THE PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION 1 SCOPE These recommended practices are concemed primar- ily with the prevention of water damage to steam tur- bines used for fossil fuel fired electric power generation The practices cover design, operation, inspection, test- ing, and maintenance of those aspects of the following ‘power plant systems and equipment concemed with the prevention of the induction of water into steam turbines and associated systems and equipment: (a) main steam system, piping, and drains (8) reheat steam systems, piping, and drains (©) reheat attemperating system (d) turbine extraction systems, piping, and drains (6) feedwater heaters piping, and drains CA) turbine drain system G) turbine steam seal system. piping, and drains (1) main steam attemperator sprays @. san-up systems (A) condenser steam and water dumps Any connection tothe turbine is a potential source of water either by induction from extemal equipment or by ‘accumulation of condensed steam. The sources treated specifically are those that have been found to be most frequently involved 2 CRITERIA 2.1 Design, control, and operation of all systems that have a potential for allowing water to enter the turbine should prevent any unusual accumulations. However, singe malfunctions do oceur, the recommendations for preventing turbine damage due to water induction in- Clude one or more of the following where appropriate: (a) detection of the presence of water either in the turbine or, preferably, extemal to the turbine before the ‘water has caused damage; (©) isolation of the water by manual or, preferably, automatic means after it has been detected: (©) disposal of the water by either manual or, pref ‘erably, automatic means after it has been detected. 2.2 Where experience has shown a source of water is particularly hazardous, no single failure of equipment should result in water entering the turbine. The failure ‘mode of the various devices used to prevent water in- duction should be considered so that a single failure of the signals (loss of air or electrical signal) will not cause water to enter the turbine, 3 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS This Section outlines specific recommendations for the design of the systems listed. These recommenda- tions are intended to represent a conservative design for protection from water induction. There is no intention to supersede any existing codes or govemmental regu- lations. 3.1 Steam Generators 3.1.1 It is the responsibility ofthe plant designers 10 review and understand the design features of the steam generator and of the user to adhere to the operating pro- ‘cedures of the steam generator manufacturer as a pre- caution against water induction. The majority of the in- cidents of turbine water damage caused by water centering the turbine from the steam system have oc- ccurred during start-up or shutdown of a unit. The steam ‘generator manufacturer's design and operating recom mendations should include the required protection 10 prevent the induction of water into the main steam piping. Such areas as supetheater attemperators, boiler start-up systems, high drum levels, and undrained superheaters are some potential soureagof water. 3.1.2 Experience has shown that once-through flow units, because of their start-up system, offer a greater potential for water induction through the main steameee | ANSUASME TOP.1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD system during start-up and shutdown operating modes than do drum type steam generators. It is recommended that the start-up system on once-through units be de- signed so that no single failure of equipment can result in water emering the main steam line. Therefore, (wo of the following independent means of automatically preventing water from entering the main steam lines from the start-up system should be provided: (@) the automatic opening of the drain system to the condenser from the start-up system flash tank or sepa- rator on detection of high lev () automatic closing of the shutoff valve in the from the start-up system to the main steam system on detection of high-hi level in the flash tank or separator: (©) automatic shutoff ofall sources of water entering the star-up system by either tipping all feed pumps or closing a shutoff vaive on detection of high-hi level in ‘the flash tank or separator. ‘Typical systems are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. 3.1.2.1 Figure 1 shows a primary drain line from the flash tank or separator with its associated level sen- sor and an independent automatically operated shutofT valve between the flash tank and the main steam system. ‘The shutoff valve will be actuated by a high-hi level from an independent level signal. The drain line valve ‘and the shutoff valve should have indicators in the con- trol room for the open and closed positions 3.1.2.2 Figure 2 shows a primary drain line from the flash tank or separator with its associated level sen- sor and an independent trip signal to the feedwater sup- ply source. The trip signal will be actuated by a high-hi level from an independent level signal. The drain line valve and feedwater shutoff valve (if used) should have indicators in the control room for the open and closed positions. 3.1.3 Its recommended that star-up systems on other than once-through units (such as drum type) be designed so that no single failure of equipment can result in water ‘entering the main steam line. The method of accom- plishing this should be as determined by the designer. 3.2 Superheat Attemp: 3.2.1 Spray water injected in the steam generator ahead of the final superheat section is a means to control steam temperature atthe outlet of the superheater. These spray’ are generally not effective in controlling final su- petheat steam temperature at low loads or during wrbine rolling. The opportunity exists for water to accumulate in the pendant elements of the superheater during low load operation from either condensation or overspray- PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION ing. Units which have to operate for extended periods of time with the spray header system charged to full ‘pump discharge pressure (e.g., during start-up and shut- ‘down conditions) are subject to possible leakage of the spray valves. Such leakage can result in water accu- ‘mulating in the pendant superheater sections and may even flow over into the main steam system. When steam flow is increased, this accumulation of water can be in- jected ito the turbine. 3.2.2 A power-operated block valve should be in- stalled in series with the attemperator spray control valve. This valve provides tight shutoff to prevent water leakage past the spray control valve and provides a backup in the event thatthe spray control valve fails to close when requited (see Fig. 3). The spray control and block valves constitute a double line of defense against the inadvertent introduction of spray water into the main steam system. 3.2.3 The control system should automatically close and override all manual and automatic setting of the su- perheat spray control and block valves when the master fuel trip actuates or the turbine trips. 3.2.4 The block valve should be automatically closed when the unit is operated below a predetermined load and, simultaneously, the control valve is closed. Super- heat spray should not be released for automatic control at loads where it can be determined that itis relatively ineffective in reducing final supesheater temperature. ‘The loads used should be in accordance with the boiler manufacturer's recommendations. Manual control of spray below the predetermined load should only be used with close operator supervision. Manual control must not prevent the automatic protection features specified in para. 3.2.3 from operating in the event the master fuel trip actuates or the turbine trips. 3.2.5 The control system for opening the spray con- trol valve should be designed to prevent the sudden in- jection of large quantities of water. ‘3.2.6 A bypass valve around the spray control valves should be power-operated and actuated 10 close when the block valve is closed. If a manual bypass is used. a second power-operated block vaive should be provided to give a second line of defense. 3.2.7 A bypass of 2 block valve should not be pro- vided under any circumstances. 3.3 Main Steam Piping = ‘The procedure recommended in this Section is to prevent the accumulation of water in the main steam Piping.PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ANSUASME TOP.1-1985 ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘Steam generator BS I | Flaeh Tank/Separnion, ! | I 4 CF Lente Il ‘winch Il l i Il L_ Aum To.condenser 1. TYPICAL FLASH TANK/SEPARATORS ARRANGEMENTANSVASME TDP.1-1985 PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Thi vara eto | —-—b———-|—___-— ‘Am eet sot ven tet Fash Tenk/Seperrions 3 OA tate | om To condenser FIG. 2 TYPICAL FLASH TANK/SEPARATORS ARRANGEMENTPREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ANSV/ASME TOP.1-1985 TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD. CControting Functions 1. Clow block vaive and soray control valve on fue! fiing tia or turbine wip 2. Close block valve whenever unit load it below 8 predetermined point and, simultaneously, the spray conte! valve 3. Block the reve sion of control ‘pening unt al other oermianves are Soray conto valve ‘Arampernor FIG. 3 TYPICAL SUPERHEATER SPRAY SYSTEM i i ¥ i i 5 i i i d I i i i i i i * iANSVASME TOP-1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 3.3.1 Because of the lack of detection instrumenta- tion that will close the turbine stop valves in time to prevent damage when the turbine is in operation, there ‘ae no recommendations included pertaining to the pre- vention of damage by water passing through the main steam piping and into the turbine. If such devices are developed and marketed. consideration should be given to include this instrumentation. Turbine vaives should not be considered as devices which will prevent water induction into the turbine from the main steam line. 3.3.2 A drain should be installed at each low point in the main steam piping from the boiler outlet 10 the connection on the turbine stop valve. When reviewing the location of low points, consideration should be given to the position of the piping in both the cold and hot position. Where there is no specific low point (where there are long runs of horizontal piping), install a low point drain at the turbine end of this section. If the main steam line is split into more than one ‘branch going into the turbine, each of these branches as well as the main header should be reviewed for low points. In addition, a connection should be located on ‘each main steam branch at the turbine inlet just before the turbine stop valve. This connection can be used with the drains in the system as a bleedoff point for warming the main steam line during start-up. These are necessary because the main steam pipe normally has an extremely ‘heavy wall and a substantial steam flow is required through the piping to permit complete heating of this piping to the superheat region before steam is admitted to the turbine. Main steam piping drains should not be manifolded together with any other drains from the boiler. 3.3.3 All of the drain lines and drain valve pons, including the connections on the main steam pipes just Upstream of the turbine stop valves, should have an in- side diameter of no less than 1 in. 10 minimize risk of plugging by foreign material. Care should be taken not {0 use nominal pipe sizes without clearly determining that the ID will meet this minimum dimension. Without ‘sufficient line size in each of these areas, adequate drainage will not be obtained. panicularly during the cearly stages of start-up when water is produced in these lines. 3.3.4 A power-operated valve should be located in each of the drains noted in this Seetion. Many users will require two valves in series in each of these drain lines [Atleast one of these two valves should be power-oper- ated by controls located in the main control room. In addition, position indication should be provided in the ‘main control room to permit the operator to determine PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURGINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, the position of each of the power-operated drain valves. ‘Where the second of these two drain valves is a manual valve, it should normally be kept open by locking or other acceptable means or procedures. 3.3.5 Before-seat drains or an equivalent connection should be provided on the turbine stop valve to permit clearing of any moisture and to permit a steam flow in the valve prior to stan-up. This drain should be installed in the valve to permit complete draining of any water if this area is not self-draining. It should be designed ba- sically in accordance with the criteria set forth earlier in this Section for drain lines. This similarity should in- clude the installation of power-operated valves, control room indication of valve position, and control room op- eration of the valves, The drain line, connection, and valve port should, however, be a minimum of % in. inside diameter. 3.3.6 Drains should be provided between the main steam stop valve and first stage nozzles to ensure re- moval of water. These would consist of after-seat drains ‘on the main steam stop valve, before and after-seat ‘drains on the control or admission valves, and low point drains on any of the main steam piping downstream of the control valves. These drains should be designed bas- ically in accordance with criteria set forth earlier in this, Section for drain lines. This similarity should include the installation of power-operated valves, control room, indications of valve position, and control room opera- tion of the valves. The drain lines, connections, and valve ports should, however, be a minimum of % in. inside diameter. 3.4 Cold Reheat Piping 3.4.1 Numerous occurrences of turbine water induc- tion damage have been attributed to the presence of ‘water in the cold reheat line. This water is usually in- troduced into the system from either the reheat attem- perator spray station or the feedwater heaters which ex- tract steam from the cold reheat line. The design of a drainage system with sufficient capacity to remove all ‘water that can be introduced into the cold reheat pipe from these sources is considered impractical because of the high rate of flow into the piping. For this reason the recommended system is designed to provide a signal to ‘permit operator action to stop water inflow. 3.4.2 Provide a drain pot at the low point of each cold reheat line, preferably a8 cldSe to the turbine as possible. This pot should be fabricated from 6 in. or larger diameter pipe and be no longer than is required to install level sensing equipment. If there is alow pointPREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION in the cold reheat line other than that near the turbine (Cither in the cold or hot condition) which is upstream of the atemperator or the extraction supply 0 the feed- ‘water heaters, an additional drain pot should be installed at this point for increased protection. 3.4.3 Each pot should be provided with a drain line of nominal 2 in, minimum size and a full size and full ported automatic power-operated drain valve. The valve should be arranged to fail open if such a choice is avail- able. 3.4.4 To help ensure thatthe pot remains dry during ‘normal unit operation, the pot and connecting piping should be fully insulated, 3.4.5 Each drain pot should be provided with a min- imum of two level sensing devices (see Fig. 4). The first level (high level) shall actuate to fully open the drain valve and shall initiate an alarm in the main control room indicating thatthe valve has opened. The second level (high-hi level) shall initiate a igh-hi level alarm in the ‘control room, 3.4.6 The drain valve control should provide the fol- lowing features: (@) open automatically on high water level in the ‘drain pot (see para. 3.4.5); (©) ability to be opened oF closed by remote manual ‘controls in the main control room witha high level con- ‘rol capable of overriding the manual closed position: (©) position indication in the control room, 3.4.7 When a cooling steam pipe is provided from the cold reheat pipe tothe intermediate pressure turbine. this pipe should not be connected at or near the low point Of the cold reheat pipe. If routing of the cooling steam pipe creates a low point, a continuous drain should be provided from the cooling steam pipe. 3.4.8 In addition to the drain pot and level switches to detect water in the system, thermocouples can be in- stalled on the pipe or in wells. Two thermocouples, one ‘on the cold reheat pipe close to the turbine connection ‘and one on the bottom of the horizontal run below the ‘turbine, can be used to detect water by differential tem- system, however, should not be consid- rte for the drain pot and level switches. 3.5 Reheat Attemperator 3.8.1 Spray water injection in the cold reheat line is used as a means to control steam temperature atthe ut- let of the reheater. These sprays are not effective or re- uired for reducing final reheat steam temperature when ANSVASME TOP.1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD used at low loads or during turbine rolling. Most inci- dents of turbine water damage caused by attemperators hhave occurred during these periods as a result of over- spraying. The water thus formed accumulates and, in ‘most cases because of low steam velocity and the ar- rangement of the piping, flows back to the turbine. An- ‘other possiblity, that occurs less frequently, results when water accumulates from condensation in pendant ele- ‘ments of the reheater during a low load operation. The ‘water can then be injected into the turbine if flow is in- creased rapidly. 3.8.2 A power-operated block valve should be in- stalled in series with the atemperator spray control valve. This valve provides tight shutoff to prevent water leaking past the spray control valve and provides a ‘backup in the event that the spray control valve fails to close when required (see Fig. 5). The spray control and block valves constitute a double line of defense against the inadvertent introduction of spray water into the cold reheat lines. Since spray control valves are susceptible to leakage, additional protection can be obtained by use of a second block valve. 3.6.3 The control system should automatically close and override all manual and automatic settings of the reheat spray control and block valves when the master fuel trip actuates or the turbine trips. 3.5.4 The block valve should be automatically closed below a predetermined minimum load and any time the demand signal to the control valves does not call for spray. Reheat spray should not be released for automatic ‘control at loads where it can be determined that it is relatively ineffective in reducing final reheat steam tem- perature. The loads used should be in accordance with the boiler manufacturer's recommendations. Manual control must not prevent the automatic protection fea- tures specified in para. 3.5.3 from operating in the event the master fuel trip actuates or the turbine trips. 3.8.8 The control system for opening the spray con- ‘tol valve should be designed to prevent the sudden in- jection of large quantities of water. 3.5.6 A manually-operated drain vaive should be in- stalled between the power-operated block valve and the spray control valve. This connection can be equipped as ‘a tell-tale for periodically testing for:block valve leak- age. a 3.8.7 A manual bypass valve around the spray con- trol valves is not recommended. If this recommendation is not followed, administrative control should be used to reduce the inherent possibilities of water induction,ANSUASME TDP.1-1985 PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘TURGINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION aa re | ‘Coca vave ‘et switen (optional! FIG. 4 TYPICAL COLD REHEAT DRAIN SYSTEMCe Pt YC JC Jt JCJ Ct JUL YC UCC OP tt et PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Cold ranent pipe eT Attemperstor FIG. 5 TYPICAL ANSIASME TOP-1-1985, AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Controlling Funetions Close block and soray contol valves on 4a Firing wp or turbine tin Clove soray contro vave whenever biock (owe block and spray control valves then unit lo i below predetermined Block the ret action of control system calling for spray canto! valve opening Seay contro! vale |< L ‘ow indicator REHEATER SPRAY SYSTEMCTO ANSUUASME TDP-1-1985 ‘AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 3.5.8 A bypass of the block valve should not be pro- ‘vided under any circumstances. 3.8.9 Instrumentation should be supplied, as indi- cated in Fig. 5, that will indicate the flow rate of spray water going to the spray artemperator. 3.6 Hot Reheat Piping 3.6.1 The design of the drainage system for hot re- hheat piping and associated equipment is similar 10 the drain system outlined previously for the main steam system. 3.6.2 The equipment required for the hot reheat steam piping system 1o preclude the induction of water into the turbine consists of drain systems to remove water prior to and during initial rolling of the machine. 3.6.3 All low points in the hot reheat piping system should be drained to remove water prior to initial start-up. Care should be taken with respect tothe hot and cold positions to ensure that the actual low point is drained. Where horizontal runs of extended length exist, the low point should be considered as the downstream end of this section of piping. ‘3.6.4 Prior to starting the turbine the hot reheat pip- ing will be at condenser pressure. Therefore, 2 mini- ‘mum 4 in. connection approximately 9 in. long should be installed to provide for gravity drainage at low loads. ‘This 4 in. pipe should be reduced to minimum of 1'4 in. nominal pipe size and piped to the condenser through the shutoff valve of para. 3.6.5 3.6.5 A full ported power-operated drain valve, with full open and closed position indication in the control room. should be located in the 1% in, drain line and should be operable from the main control room. Where the user requires more than one vaive in these drain lines, at least one of these should be power-operated. ‘The second of these two valves should be kept open by locking or other acceptable means or procedures. Drain valves are often located for ease of maintenance; how- ever, it is suggested that the power-operated drain valve be located in the drain close to the 4 in. pipe. This will reduce that amount of water entrapped upstream of the (closed) drain valve. 3.6.6 Because of various arrangements of the reheat stop and intercept valve used by the turbine manufac- turers, their recommendation for drains in and adjacent to the reheat stop and intercept valves should be used. Design of these drains should be consistent with the ree- ‘ommendations of this Standard. 10 PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION 3.7 Feedwater Heaters and Extraction Systems ‘A major cause of turbine damage has been water in- duction from the extraction system, feedwater heaters, ‘and associated drains. Therefore, itis imponant to pay considerable attention to the design of these areas. Fol- owing are recommendations for the design of the ex- traction system to minimize the possibility of water damage to the turbine. 3.7.1 Because of the severity of damage that can oc- ‘cur due to water entering the turbine from an extraction point. it is recommended the system be designed so that NO SINGLE FAILURE OF EQUIPMENT SHOULD RESULT IN WATER ENTERING THE TURBINE. Two independent means of automatically preventing ‘water from entering the turbine from the extraction sys- tem should be provided. In general these independent means can be a combi- nation of the following items (a) and (b) or (a) and (c): (@) the automatic drain system from the heater shell (see para. 3.7.1 and Fig. 6); (8) automatic shutoff valves between the feedwater heater and the turbine and in cascading drain lines (see para. 3.7.1.2 and Fig. 7): (@) automatic shutoff valves on all sources of water centering the heater shell and tubes (see para. 3.7.1.3 and Fig. 8). ‘3.7.1.1 Figure 6 shows the normal primary drain line with its associated level sensor and an automatically operated alternate drain and its level sensor. The alter- inate drain is provided to discharge directly to the con- denser. In the case of some low pressure heaters with internal drain coolers, it may be desirable to connect the alternate drain directly to the heater shell ahead of the drain cooler to assure positive drainage. 3.7.1.2 Automatic shutoff valves inthe extraction line from the turbine to the feedwater heater and the associated equipment are shown in Fig. 7. These valves are actuated by a high-hi level in the feedwater heater with a control independent from that used in para. 3.7.1.1 above. Actuation of these valves indicates thatthe heater drainage system shown in Fig. 6 isnot capable of érain- ing the heater. Therefore, cascaded drains to this feed- water heater should be designed to automatically close on this high-hi level. Ths cascaded drain flow from the previous heater will then be bypassed to the condenser through its altemate drain. ‘The required speed of operation of the automatic shut- off valves depends on the total amount of excess water flowing tothe heater and the volume between the bigh- bilevel alam and the shutoff valve. The total amount@ = @G@meaew nw eee eee eee PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ANSUASME TOP-1~1985, ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD, arom nat LS remy srining | ga ram nan ‘rin tow FIG. 6 TYPICAL HEATER DRAIN SYSTEM NLR. Va Primary ‘rain from Previous heater required (aoe re. 37.5) Drain to High lev witch FIG. 7 TYPICAL HEATER STEAM SIDE ISOLATION SYSTEM. ag. unANSUASME TDP-1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘Aerm T I bee ‘rain from ravious hee PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION FIG. 8 TYPICAL TUBE SIDE ISOLATION SYSTEM ‘of excess water flowing to the heater for purposes of this calculation should be the larger of: (a) water flowing from two ruptured tubes (four open fends); (b) water equivalent 10 10% of the tube side flow. For these tWo conditions, itis assumed that the nor- ‘mal heater drain or its alternate to the condenser is ca- pable of draining the water that is cascaded to the heater from previous heaters and from the normal stage extrac- tion flow for this heater. The maximum flow of water ‘from condition (a) or (b) above is then considered to be ‘contributing to a rising level in the heater. The required time of operation of the shutoff valve is then calculated by using the larger flow rate of the above two conditions and the usable pipe and heater storage volume between the high-hi level alarm and the shutoff valve, With some heater arrangements such as vertical heaters or heaters at or above the turbine, care must be taken in determi ing usable storage volume. Check valves, cither of the free swing, power a sisted, o positive closing design, are not considered a Satisfactory shutoff valve for this application because of possible seat and disk distortions. These check valves are normally provided for fast action to limit overspeed < 0 aaa a ower dois eyes D109 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUASME TDP-1-1985, j= oun rege oni T= PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Pagtor ‘eanieg one T ob. pio pot FIG, 14 TYPICAL CONTINUOUS DRAIN ORIFICE 3.11.8 Drain piping from the connections provided by the turbine manufacturer should be large enough to censure adequate flow area for the volume increase fol- lowing critical pressure drop through the drain valve. 3.11.6 Continuous drain orifices, when used, should be located and designed so that they may be cleaned frequently and will not be susceptible to plugging by debris. Shown in Fig. 14 is an arrangement that has given good service. ‘The drip pot or dirt catcher may be capped. flanged, or provided with a Blowdown valve for occasionally cleaning out the pocket. Strainers may be used upstream ofthe orifice for additional protection. 3.11.7 Drains and valve ports should be sized for the ‘maximum amount of water to be handled under any op- erating condition, but in no case should they be less than sin. I.D. Consideration should be given to the pressure difference that exists during various operating modes 50 that the drain line will be designed to handle the maxi- mum expected flows under the minimum pressure dif- ferential conditions. 3.11.8 Turbine and extraction line drain valves should be power-operated. These valves should be set {to open automatically on a turbine trip and be remotely ‘operable inthe control room, Extraction line drain valves should also open automatically on high-hi level in the ‘sociated heater. If desired, a control switch may be Used to operate more than one remotely operable drain valve; however, grouping valves together on a common Control switch requires that it be acceptable for all of them to open or close at the same time under all oper- ating conditions. (See para. 3.7.5 and the turbine man- a ANSIASME TOP.1-1985, [AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD vufacturer’s drain operating recommendations for sug- gested groupings.) 3.11.9 Steam traps are not satisfactory as the only means of drainage of critical drain lines. They may be ‘used in parallel with automatically operated drain valves. 3.11.10 Drain lines may be routed separately to con- nections or to manifolds mounted on the condenser shell ‘The following recommendations apply to these drain manifolds: (@) The cross-sectional area of each manifold should be large enough to assure that the manifold internal pressure with ll simultaneous drains open is lower than that of the lowest pressure drain into the manifold. Straight or L-shaped manifolds as shown in Fig. 15 are acceptable. (©) Ifa baffte is used, the free area at the discharge of the manifold should not be less than 1" times the internal cross-sectional area of the manifold. The baffle should be arranged so that it does not interfere with proper functioning of adjacent baffies. (©) Drain lines to the manifolds should be mounted at 45 deg. to the manifold axial center line, with the drain line discharge pointing toward the condenser. The drain lines should be arranged in descending order of ‘pressure, with the drain from the highest pressure source farthest from the manifold opening at the condenser wall. Drain manifolds at the condenser should be lo- cated in accordance with the condenser manufacturer's recommendation. (@) The drains to manifolds should be grouped in ap- proximately the same operating pressure ranges. Ide~ ally, manifolds should contain drains from the same area of the cycle or turbine. Care should be taken in routing drains together from differen sections of a pipe line that cean experience extreme differences in pressure due to closing of isolation valves. The turbine manufacturer's recommendations should be considered for proper grouping of turbine drains. (@) On side or top exhaust turbine-condenser ar- rangements, it may be impossible to drain to the con denser. In this case, other provisions, such as a separate drain tank, must be made. ‘When side exhaust condensers are used the hotweil level is closer to the turbine than with downward ex- haust. Care should therefore be taken not to discharge steam directly into the hotwell to avoid spraying water into the last stage buckets. 3.11.11 Drainage from vessels.guch as feedwater beaters, steam jet ejectors, gland steam condensers. etc, that drain water continually, must not be routed to drain ‘manifolds.ANSUASME TDP.1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ‘condenser — Bette PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION ~ concer N eatte FIG. 15 TYPICAL CONDENSER DRAIN MANIFOLDS ‘3.11.12 Pipes discharging steam to the condenser from turbine (steam dump) valves that are automatically ‘operated by the turbine control system (ventilator valves, blowdown vaives, equalizer valves, etc.) must not be connected to turbine drain manifolds. but must be routed separately to the condenser. These pipes should be pitched to the condenser. so there are no low points to collect water. Spray attemperators introducing water in these discharge lines to the condenser should be at ranged to shut off whenever there is no flow from the valves. This is to prevent possible back flow of water into the turbine when vacuum is broken in the con- denser. One way to accomplish this is to automatically shut off the flow of water from the attemperator sprays ‘whenever the pressure ahead of the valve reaches a pre- determined low value or when the steam dump valve is closed. Valve position alone is not adequate since many Of these ‘valves are open continuously while the turbine is shut down and attemperator spray flow is not required at this time. 3.11.13 Remote position indication of all power-op- crated drain valves should be provided in the control room. 3.11.14 Limi switches to indicate the full pen and full closed positions of valves are adequate as remote Position indication of drain valves. 3.11.15 Thermocouples in drain lines may be useful in assuring that drain lines are not plugged. 3.12 Condens Steam and Water Dumps Impropery designed steam and vater dumps tothe condenser can cause turbine casing distortions and dam- age to stationary and rotating turbine pars comparable to that caused by water from extacton, main stam, and reheat ins. The damage has consisted of low pres ture inner casing distortion leading to severe packing tubs, permanent distortion of horizontal joint that can tot be closed, bucket/blade damage, and damage tothe condenser set. Inthe inal specications forthe condenser, consid- eration is given to many factors suchas flow and heat Toad fom te turbine exhaust, the economics of water temperature, fuel cows, urine and plant cycle efficien cies and condenser space requirements. Tne condenser manufacturer is required to meet these design parame: ters within the space limitations ofthe foundation open- ing. If the required steam and water dumps othe on- denser are not known during the inabesign sages but td ater they may encroach upsn deign margins and flow areas that were previously edublished. This may then bea contbuing factor to the failure mechanisms Alscussed above tis therefore imporant include pro-ane ma eee eee eee eee PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Feed pume ‘urine exhaust ANSUASME TDP-1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FIG. 16 ARRANGEMENT FOR FEED PUMP TURBINE EXHAUST visions for flows from the major steam and water dumps in the original specification for the condenser. Consid- ration should be given to abnormal as well as normal ‘operations of steam and water dumps at various load conditions on the turbine. Examples would be boiler or ‘turbine bypass systems, relief valve discharges, auxil- ary steam turbine dumps, turbine auxiliary valve ‘dumps, and feedwater heater altemate drains, In some ‘cases, separate equipment such as flash tanks and/or ‘separate condensing equipment should be considered for ‘receiving these flows in order to safely dissipate the en- ergy at a pressure somewhat higher than that in the con- denser. Hot water drains from these flash tanks and/or separate condensing equipment would then be di charged by suitable valving to the main condenser. At- ‘mospheric discharge of high volume, high energy flows that occur infrequently should also be considered, so as 10 reduce the duty on the condenser and to eliminate the need to handle these large flows at the low absolute [Pressures maintained in the condenser. 3.12.1 Recommended Location. More informa- ‘tion regarding the location and design of condenser con- nections may be obtained from the Heat Exchange Institute (HEI), HEI Standards for Steam Surface Condensers, Eighth Edition (or later), Section 3.8 Con- nection Locations and Conditions. (@) Flow Distribution — Turbine Exhaust. Its desir- able 10 locate dumps where the steam and water jets will not impinge on turbine components or condenser tubes. Incoming piping should not interfere with the high flow regions of the turbine exhaust. In general, the regions of high flow from the turbine exhaust are the exhaust hhood end walls, side walls, and comers. Regions of low flow are found in the central region of the exhaust hood below the turbine inner casing. (©) Auxiliary Turbine Exhaust. The injection points of continuous steam flow to the condenser, such as aux- iliary turbine exhausts, should be located where the in- ‘coming jet will not impinge at high velocity on turbine components or condenser tubes nor interfere with the high flow regions. A suggested location is in the region beneath heater shells or extraction piping, well below the turbine inner casing. The flow should be directed downward, as shown in Fig. 16. Care must be taken to orient the vanes of the grid to avoid an upward flow ‘component. The connection shovid wegnally be located in the condenser dome. Altemately, this connection may bbe located on the condenser side wall if the steam lane is sufficiently wide to provide escape area. In this event,ANSUASME TOP-1-1985, 'AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD the tubes opposite the connections would be provided ‘with appropriate deflection baffles to limit the impinge ‘ment effect. A suggested method for sizing this connec- tion would be to limit the exit velocity to V = (500 x v0 where v= specific volume, ft’b, at condenser pres- sure V = velocity, f/sec For example, 2 in. HgA (6752 Pa) pressure would result in a velocity of 412 fusec (125 mV/s). In SI Units: V = 1.219 (500 x v4 where Ve ms v= mike (©) Continuous Heater Drains. These drains are nor- ‘mally associated with the low pressure extraction points of the turbine. They are often located above the top tubes of the condenser, due to the need for effective deaera- tion of low pressure heater drains or other low pressure ‘water inlets which are potentially high in oxygen. How- ever, available head frequently precludes this location. ‘When this situation dictates, the drain discharge may be located in accordance with the condenser manufactur- ‘t's recommendation. (2) Intermittent Sream Dumps. Intermittent. dumps have the potential for introducing sudden temperature ‘changes on components and, therefore, thermal distor- tions, creating large increases in exhaust pressure and interfering with normal exhaust flows. Their location and resulting steam jet should be considered carefully. The turbine manufacturer's preferred location for these dumps is between the lowest condenser tube and the hot- well level Intermittent dumps include turbine and boiler bypass flows, relief valve discharges, flash tank vents, and turbine auxiliary valve discharges. Because of the possible distortion of the turbine inner casing with its close clearances between rotating and stationary parts, ‘care must be taken in the design of these discharges into the condenser. Excessive steam dumps for the given volume can cause the operational problems previously discussed. In general, when discharged into the dome, ‘© minimum distance of 10 ft between the discharge and turbine exhaust connection is recommended. The. dis- charges from these steam dumps should not impinge on the turbine or condenser rubes. The condenser manufac- PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION turer as limitations on the maximum amount of dumped steam he can accept in the dome and hotwell. If these limits are exceeded. then separate condenser equipment such as atmospheric discharges should be considered Care must be taken to avoid localized overloading of the heat absorbing capacity of the condenser tubes, or the result may be convective flow up the sides of the con- denser carrying water with it. Depending on enthalpy ‘and quantity of steam, spray attemperation in the lines ‘may be necessary. The attemperator design and location should be such as to achieve complete evaporation of the attemperating water before entering the condenser. The possibility of discharge flow being over-attemper- ated should be avoided to minimize erosion damage. It is better to under-attemperate and accept a higher temn- perature than to over-attemperate and introduce exces- sive water with the dump. The effects of temperature are slower acting and can be corrected by supplemental spray controls, while the effects of excessive water can cause immediate intemal damage. Proper location of steam dumps in terms of physical elevation and direc- tion of discharge will avoid direct or reflected impinge ‘ment on the turbine inner casing. In cerain cases, it may bbe necessary to furnish deflection baffles and/or diffus- cers containing a large number of small holes to shorten the jet penetration length. In the case of multi-pressure ‘condensers, large capacity dumps which could signifi- ‘cantly increase condenser pressure should be arranged so the transient pressure in any zone is minimized (i.e.. biased towards lower pressure zones). (©) Intermittent Water Dumps. Lines that carry high pressure water (alternate heater drains. flash tank drains. condensate recirculation, ete.) should have their dis- charge restricted by perforated pipes and/or baffles to prevent fluid impingement on the turbine. 3.12.2 Recommended Energy Levels and Siz- ing Criteria. In addition 1 the proper location of steam. and water dumps in the condenser, their design must also take into account the energy levels involved and the condenser internal structure in the vicinity of the dumps. Excessive energies and/or velocities in restrictive areas can cause intemal damage and/or diversion ofthe dumps ‘against the turbine inner casings, lightweight condenser tubes, etc. In general. itis preferable 1o favor lower steam dump emthalpies at higher flows. To minimize the likelihood of difficulty from steam dumps and flashing water dumps, the following param- eters need careful consideration: ~- Se (q) steam dump and flashing water velocities inside the condenser shell, at a point sufficiently far enough away from the perforated pipe or bafle to ensure uni-PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION form velocity, if they are in excess of 500 filsec (152 mis); () enthalpies of entering steam dumps if they are in excess of 1190 Bru/lb (2.768 X 10" /kg); () steam dump pressures at the condenser connec- tiom if they are in excess of 250 psia (1.72 x 10° Pa). 4 OPERATING RECOMMENDATIONS Because of the many variations in equipment, unit system designs, and different system grid requirements, ‘operating recommendations provided here are based on ‘generic requirements. Operating companies should de- ‘yelop and conduct a training program for each installa- tion to guide their operators in handling normal start-up, shutdown, steady state, varying load conditions, and loss of steam generator fire, as well as trips and situations involving water induction. These instructions should cover the steps to take should there by any symptoms of water induction such as high level alarms, sharp drops {in metal temperature, or shaking steam pipes. In addi- tion. training should be tailored to each installation to the extent that special or unusual operating characteris- ‘tics may make that unit or type of unit more susceptible to water induction (e.g., units that require extended con- ‘densate/feedwater system pressurization and operation for system cleanup or cooldown offer a greater potential for water induction). Damage can be minimized if prompt and decisive action is taken at the first warming of water induction into a turbine. An operator training review is recommended periodically to keep the specific instructions clear in the operators’ minds. 4.1. Main Steam System 4.1.1 Prior to starting the unit, it is recommended that all drain lines on the main steam system, as well as before-seat drains on the turbine stop valves, be opened to permit a flow of steam from the boiler to warm the steam leads and stop valve bodies at the desired rate. ‘The process of heating will aid in clearing the super- heater of water. During warming, a close check should bbe maintained on all thermocouples sensing steam and ‘metal temperatures in the main steam system. These drain valves should not be fully closed until the unit is initially loaded and temperatures indicate superheated ‘eam conditions exist. 4.1.2 Doring star-up, all drains between the main steam stop valve and turbine casing should be open as recommended by the turbine manufactorer. 4.1.3 When a turbine is to be restarted shortly after 1 tripout from load, the operator must decide whether or ‘ANSVASME TDP.1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD rot the main steam line drains need to be opened to eliminate water accumulations. Under cenain condi- tions, opening of these drain valves will allow depres- surization of the main steam system. This may produce {quenching of the boiler superheater and main steam pip- ing. Operating procedures should be finalized during the initial operation of the boiler and turbine that will bal- ance the requirements of proper drainage against exces- sive depressurization. 4.2 Cold Reheat Piping ‘The cold reheat drain system is automatic as outlined in para. 3.4. Repeated high levels in the cold reheat drain ‘pot is an indication of a problem, and an operator should investigate the causes of this condition and make the necessary corrections. 4.3. Reheat Attemperator 4.3.1 Reheat spray should not be used at any time when it is of minor or insignificant value in reducing final reheat temperatures (see para. 3.5.4). 4.3.2 Reheat spray should not be used when the steam temperature entering the attemperator is at or be- low a minimum of 25°F (14°C) above saturation tem- perature. In many cases, higher temperature margins are possible. This will give greater protection without af feeting final steam temperature contro. 4.3.3 After a trip, operator initiation should be re- ‘quited to reset and reopen the reheat attemperator block valves. Both the turbine and the main fuel trip should be reset and the attemperator spray control valve must be closed before the block valve is permitted to be opened (see Fig. 5). 4.3.4 The control valve should be kept in the closed position until the block valve has reached the full open position. This is to prevent wire drawing of the block valve seat and subsequent leakage through the block valve. 4.4 Hot Reheat Piping ‘The power-operated drain valves provided in each of the hot reheat system drain fines (see para. 3.6) should ‘be opened by the control room operator prior to admit- ‘ting steam to the turbine. Control room indicating lights should be used to provide the verifidilion of valve po- sition, These valves should be left in the open position until the unit is synchronized and there is verification that a steady state condition exists of adequate superheatANSUASME TOP-1-1985 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD in the hot reheat. The drain valves should be opened again whenever the unit is to be taken off the line. The ‘operator should open the drain valves if there is a con- dition existing where water could enter into the turbine. 4.5 Foedwater Heaters and Extraction System 4.6.1 Instruct the operators to investigate all high level alarms and isolate the source of water. 4.6.2 Do not operate a feedwater heater if some of the protective devices are known to be faulty, unless special provisions are made to assure equal protection. 4.6.3 If an alarm sounds and subsequent automatic, controls are designed to isolate the source of water, the ‘operator should follow up by actuating any required iso- lating and drain valves remotely, and then checking vi- sually to be sure all valves are in the correct position. 4.5.4 If any heater is taken out of service, drain valves in the associated extraction lines must be opened, ‘and the drain line from the drain valve checked, to be ‘sure itis not plugged (see para. 3.7.5). When returning the heater to service, the operator should check that the heater shell pressure is lower than the corresponding tur- bine stage pressure before opening the extraction line shutoff valve. 4.6.5 Where the boiler stan-up cycle pressurizes feedwater heaters, the shutoff valves between the tur- bine and the pressurized feedwater heaters should be in- terlocked closed during the start-up cycle to prevent any ‘back flow from the heaters into the turbine. This is in ‘addition to any possible check valve action. Once the pressure in the associated turbine stage is sufficient to prevent back flow from the feedwater heater, the feed- ‘water heater shutoff valve may be opened and the heater placed into service. Proper care should be taken when placing these feedwater heaters in service to control the rate of temperature change on the feedwater heater tubes and in the feedwater line to the boiler. 4.6.6 If a feedwater heater has been removed from service automatically or by the operator, it may be nec- essary to reduce load and/or steam temperature in ac- cordance with the turbine and boiler manufacturers’ rec- ‘ommendations. 4.6 Turbine Steam Seal System ‘When the turbine is hot and it is necessary to transfer to any auxiliary source of gland seal steam, be sure that: (a) temperature of the steam supplied to the gland is 26 PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION in accordance with the turbine manufacturer's recom- ‘mendations; () the supply piping from the auxiliary source to the turbine gland system is prewarmed so that steam is not condensed and injected into the gland system. 4.6.1 If water is detected in a steam pipe serving as, 2 source of seal steam for the rurbine gland system, tur- bine vibration and differential expansion are satisfac- tory, and there are no other signs of distress requiring, ‘that the unit be shut down, transfer either automatically ‘or manually to another source of seal steam, then close the shutoff valve in the line routed to the source pipe ‘containing water. Drain the water from the source pipe. 4.6.2 Periodically check all continuous drains from the steam seal system to be sure that they are not plugged. A contact pyrometer. thermocouples, or other temperature sensors may be used for this check, 4.7 Boiler Feed Pump Turbine Steam Supply 4.7.1 Drains from pipes supplying steam to a BFP turbine should be operated in accordance with the BFP and main turbine manufacturers’ recommendations. ‘These drains should be opened automatically on a BFP turbine trip except that drains from main steam supply lines should follow the recommendations for drains from the main steam system (para. 4.1). 4.7.2 When a BFP turbine is out of service, check all block valves shown in Figs. 12 and 13 to be sure they are closed. 4.8 Main Tur 4.8.1 If water enters the turbine while operating at rated speed or while carrying load, do not trip the unit if the vibration and differential expansion are satisfac- tory and there are no other signs of distress. Search out and isolate the source of water immediately. Operation in this manner minimizes local thermal distortion by (heating) action of the mass flow of steam through the turbine. 4.8.2 If water emers the turbine while operating be- ow rated speed, shut down immediately and isolate the source of water since rotor bowing caused by water in- duction may be aggravated below rated speed. 4.8.3 Once the unit has been paged on tuming gear because of possible water induction, never attempt to restart until the shaft eccentricity is within normal lim- the various turbine shell temperature differences are within the allowable limits stated by the manufacturer,PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION and the source of water has been identified and corrected ‘with the assurance that it will not repeat on a subsequent stant 4.8.4 If a unit has been shut down because of in cations of water induction, 2 restart should not be at- tempted in atime period less than that recommended by the turbine manufacturer 4.8.5 If the rotor is bowed, or the shell distoned so, the turning gear is not capable of tuming the rotor, pe- riodic attempts (once per hour) should be made to get the unit on tuming gear. Do not attempt to free a locked rotor by use of a crane or by the admission of steam to the turbine. 5 TESTING, INSPECTING, AND MAINTENANCE All testing should include complete control loop tests cof normal and redundant systems from the initiating sig~ nal to the action thatthe indicating signal is intended to perform. 5.1. Test — Once per Month 5.1.1 Test heater extreme high level controls, switches, alarms, and interlocks. This should be done in a manner that approximates as closely as possible the actual flooding of a heater without endangering the tur- bine or other station equipment and without tipping the unit. (The design of the feedwater heaters and extraction systems should embody features permitting such test- ing). Check all annunciators for alarm indications. ‘Avoid bypassing of interlocking devices, but when this is necessary for testing critical water prevention equip- ‘ment, make cenain the equipment is restored tothe orig- Condition of operation. §.1.2 Test the mechanical and electrical operation of all drain valves. Where applicable, operate the valves from the control room and determine that they open and close by observing control room indicating lights. At Teast once a year. this inspection should include verifi- cation that control room indication of valve position is ‘working as intended by physically checking the actual valve movement. 5.1.3 Test mechanical operation of all power assisted. ccheck valves. including all solenoid valves, air filters, air supply, air sets, etc. a ANSIASME TOP.1-1985, AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 5.1.4 A visual check of the turbine supervisory in- struments should be made at least once a month to en- sure that instruments showing differential expansion, ‘casing expansion, eccentricity, vibration, rotor position. ‘and metal temperature are in working order. 6.2 Inspections — Every 3 Months 8.2.1 Inspect all drain lines by using contact pyro- meters or thermocouples and determine by temperature difference whether or not the line is plugged. 5.2.2 Inspect all valve stem threads to make certain they are clean and lubricated and that there are no ob- structions that would prevent their movement. Inspect, 10 see that there has been no damage to the thread. 6.2.3 Inspect all traps and orifices in drain lines by using contact pyrometers or thermocouples to determine whether or not there is flow through the line. 5.3 Inspection and Maintenance During Planned Unit Outages 5.3.1 All valves essential to water induction preven- tion (such as attemperator spray valves, extraction shut- off and check valves, etc.) should be tested or inspected for tight shutoff, or an internal visual inspection made. This test should also include all interlocks and controls. 5.3.2 All level actuated drain vaives should have their level actuated mechanisms tested to be sure they are functioning properly. 5.3.3 Clean drip pots, traps, and orifices for all dnins. 5.3.4 Where the tests of para. 5.2.1 indicate inoper- ative drain lines, the drain valves should be disassem- ‘bled and inspected internally to assure that they will op- ‘erate property. 6 CLOSURE ‘These recommendations by the Committee are not to bbe considered all inclusive as a means of eliminating water damage. Design, operating, and maintenance in- structions must be tailored to suit specific conditions of each installation to provide reliable prsection. The rec ‘ommendations are not intended to relieve designers. op- ertors, and manufacturers of the responsibility to con- tinue their efforts to improve unit safety and reliabilityANSUASME TDP.1-1985, ‘AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD 7 NOMENCLATURE ‘Check Valve Flow Indicator Flow Transmitter Level Switeh Level Controller Modulating Control Valve Normally Closed Valve ‘Normally Open Valve PREVENTION OF WATER DAMAGE TO STEAM ‘TURBINES USED FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Open-Shut Power Driven Valve Orifice Position Switch Power Assisted Check Valve Power Operated Three Way Valve Pressure Controller ‘Temperature Controller XX POOOOs 28 me ® ee & © ©ANSI/ASME STANDARDS OF INTEREST TO TDP-1 USERS i +++ B31.1-1983 Fuel Gas Piping a 831.2-1968 Chemical Plant and Pertroleum Refinery Piping 831.3-1984 Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping Systems . +++ B31.4-1978 Refrigeration Piping 831.5-1983 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems... 831.8-1982 Building Services Piping ...... Welded and Seamiess Wrought Steel Pi Stainless Steel Pipe .... Gas Turbine Terminology Basic Gas Turbine. Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Auxiliary Equipment Gas Turbine Control and Protection Systems Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Electrical Equipment Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Ratings and Performance Gas Turbine Fusls............ Gas Turbine Installation Sound Emissions ... Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Environmental Requirements and Responsibilities .. eee Procurement Standard far Gas Turbine Information to be Supplied bby User and Manufacturer Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Installation .. Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Maintenance and Safety Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Marine Applications. Recommended Practices for the Prevantion of Water Damage to ‘Steam Turbines Used for Electric Power Generation: Nucleat Fueled Plants 831.9-1982 +++++B36.10-1979 -B36.19-1976 -B133.1M-1983, B133.2.1977(R 1983) -B133.3-1981 .4-1978(R1 984) - B133.5-1978(R1984) -B133.6-1978 8133.7M.1985, 18133.8-1977(R1983) cesses +B133.8-1979 + B133.10.1981 + B133.11-1982 feseesees BI33.12-1981 ++++B133.16-1978(R 1984) -. TWOPS-1-1973 ‘See also the following Performance Test Codes: PTC 4.1-1964(R1979); PTC 6-19761R1962); PTC 20.2-1965; PTC 32.1-1969; and PTC 39.1-1980, ‘The ASME Publications Catalog shows # complete list of all the Standards published by the Society. The catalog and binders for holding these Standerds are available upon request.